Mother Theresa · 1 Mother Theresa – Project by - Sylvia John 2005-01-22

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http://www.brulinfamily.com Mother Theresa – Project by - Sylvia John 2005-01-22

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Introduction;

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r%fg;gzpfspy; risf;fhj md;id

Photo taken from Ronnie & Maisy 's Blessed Mother Theresa, Missionaries of charity website

Mf;fk; rpy;tpah N[hz;

Gdpj gphp[l;]; fd;dpaH klk; caH juk; 2004

http://www.geocities.com/Athens/2960/mothert.htm

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mwpKfk;

tpz;zpy; Mapuk; jhuiffs; Njhd;wyhk;. jz;kjp Nghy mit jdpj;Jtk; MFkh? Mjutw;NwhUf;fhd jd;dykw;w md;ghd r%f NritfSf;nfd Mapuk; NgH cjpj;jpUe;jhYk; tuyhw;wpy; ,e;j tifapy; jdpj;Jtkhd jpahf epythf Kj;jpiu gjpj;jtHjhd; r%fg;gzpfspy; risf;fhj md;idahf tpsq;fpa md;id njNurh.

jdf;nfd Kayh Nehd;whs;. gpwHf;nfd KaYeH cz;ikahNd

vdg; GwehD}w;Wg; Gytd; <uhapuk; Mz;Lfl;F Kd; gfHe;jJ Nghy; jkJ tho;ehs; KOtJk; rhjp kj ,dNgjq;fisf; fle;J kdpj Neak; cyfpy; epiyngwg; gpwHf;nfdNt tho;e;J fhl;ba mUsurp md;id. ,tH G+kpf;F khj;jpuky;y mz;l gfpuz;lkidj;jpw;Fk; md;idahf tpsq;fpAs;shH.mtuJ tho;f;ifAk; thHj;ijAk; ,jid cz;ikg; gLj;Jfpd;wd.

Nkw;Fyfpy; mUk;gpa nkhl;L fpof;fpy; te;J fl;ltpo;e;J kyHe;j tho;T. te;j Nehf;fk; tiue;j glk; tphpj;j epiy khwp tsk; ngw;w rKjhak; NtW.

Mapuf; fzf;fhd mehijfisj; jd; Njhspw; Rke;J epd;w Rik jhq;fpaha; Ie;J &ghAlDk; Ie;J NgUlDk; gputhfpj;j me;jg; ngU ejpapd; Ntfk; kdpj Neaj;jpd; ntspg;ghlhdJ.

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rhjpj; jbg;Ngwp Viofis vl;b cijj;j fhykJ> Fg;ig Nkl;bd; vr;rpy; ,iyf;fha; Vq;fp epd;w NeukJ> tPjp Xuk; capiug; gpope;J kf;fs; jUk; Xyk; vy;yhk; fz;lds; kq;if. czHitf;fpswpa me;j ,uf;fk; eq;ifiar; Nrhpg;Gwk; ehl itj;jJ

vjw;Fk; jahuhd jplkdJld;> js;sh tajpYk;> jsk;gh cWjpAld; juzpapw; gtdp te;j tpe;ijia vg;gb ,ak;GtJ.

ehd; ,ij Ma;Tf;fl;Liuahf vOj Vd; Jzpe;Njd;? ,w;iwf;F MW Mz;LfSf;F Kd; mjhtJ 1997 ehs; cyFf;F ,Us; ftpe;j ehs;. mfpy cyfk; KOtJk; Nrhfj;jpyho;e;J fjwpaOJ gpuyhgpj;jJ. elkhLe; nja;tkhf cyhte;j me;j md;id njNurh> ,t;Tyif tpl;Nl gphpe;J nrd;W tpl;l ehs;.

md;W ehd; rpWkpahf ,Ue;jhYk; kf;fspd; Jauk; vd; kdij nefpo itj;jJ. kf;fs; ,t;thW Vd; fyq;f Ntz;Lk;?.nra;jpfs; nra;jpj;jhs;fs; Clfq;fs; ntspaPLfs; xyp xsp gug;G vy;yhNk Jf;f Gyk;gyhfNt ,Ue;jd. vy;yhNk vd; czHitj; jl;b vOg;gpd. ,d;Dk; nfhOk;G Kfj;Jthuj;jpy; mike;Js;s rhe;jp eptr vd;w md;Gg;gzpafKk; vd; epidTf;F NkYk; J}gk; ,l;Lj;J}z;baJ. md;W mbapl;L vd; cs;sj;jpy; Njf;fp itj;j epidTfs; ePW G+j;j neUg;ghf khwpr; RlH tpl;nlhpe;J rPwp vOe;J ,ij vOJkhW vd;id VtpaJ.

Mz;ltd; jpUtbiag; Nghw;wp mtH jUk; vz;zf;fUf;fSlDk; ,ij vOjyhnkd;W vz;zpNdd;.

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fd;dpaUil fy;fj;jh fz;l eq;if

fy;tpg;gzpapy; epiwT fhzhJ-jhd; ngw;w tUthiaAk;

Jr;rnkd cjwp tpl;Lj; Jzpe;jds; Nritf;nfd;Nw.

rPuopAk; rKjhaj;ijr; rPuhf;f vz;zpr; rPUil fise;J

ePyf;fiuAil ntz;Zil jhq;fp neLe;J}u Nehf;Fld;

guk md;gpw;fha;r; nra;j gad; fUjhg;gzpapd; rpwg;ig

ehdpykwpa itf;f vd; ehtpNy thHj;ijapy;iy.

GOjp Jilj;Jg; Gz;fisf; fOtp njhONehahsH JaHjidg;Nghf;fp Nrhpapnywpe;j nry;tf;Foe;ijfis ghpnthL J}f;fpg; ghy;ghpe;J}l;b kfpo;tpj;j kq;ifapd; Jbg;ig nja;tk; Nghy; epd;W fhj;J

nra;j Nritfs; vOj;jpy; tbf;f vz;zp

Vl;by; rkHg;gpf;fpd;Nwd;-ehd;.

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Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;

1

rKjhag; gpur;ridfs; jPHf;fg;gl;Lr; rPuhd rKjhak; rpwg;gila toptFj;jy;.

2 kdpjd; kdpjdhf kjpf;fg;gl;Lr; rhjp ,d NtWghLfs; Vio gzf;fhud; vd;w Ngjq;fs; fisag;gly;.

3 kdpj Neaj;Jf;F kdpj czHTfSf;F kjpg;gspf;fhj gzp tho;f;if mHj;jkw;wJ vd;gij czHj;Jjy;.

4 xJf;Fg;Gwq;fs; Nrhpfs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; gzpj;jsq;fshf khw;Wjy;.

5 rthy;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLj;Jr; RKfkhf mtw;iw vjpH nfhs;Sk; ,ay;igg; ngWjy;.

6 ntw;wpf;F tpj;jhFk; ,iwek;gpf;ifiaj;Jiz nfhs;Sjy;. 7 md;Gg;gzpapdhy; Vw;gLk; gyhgyd;fis Muha;e;jwpjy;.

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jd;dyk; mfw;wpg; nghJeyk; Ngzp kf;fNshL Ngjkpd;wp midj;jpYk; (cly; nghUs; gzp) gfpHe;J thOk; jd;ikiag; ngWjy;.

9 nra;Ak; Nritfis tphpT gLj;Jjy;. 10 fHtkpd;wpf; fdpe;j cs;sj;NjhL gzpahw;Wjy;. 11 ,isQUf;Fr; rPuhd Kiwapy; topfhl;ly;.

12 Mjutw;w mehijahd Foe;ijfs; KjpNahH NehahsH ,tHfisg; guhkhpj;jy;.

13 gzpapd; %yk; #oiyg;ghJfhj;jy;. 14 md;Gk; MjuTKs;s rKjhaj;ijf; fl;b vOg;Gjy;.

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ciof;Fk; fuq;fSk; cjTq;fuq;fSk; xd;W NrHe;J Kd;khjphpahd tho;itf; filg;gpbj;Jj; Jd;gj;jpYk; kuzj;jpYk; mikjp rhe;jp epyTk; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;.

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nraw;gLj;Jk; tpjk;

1k; ju juTfs;.

md;Gg;gzpafk; - rhe;jp eptr rNfhjhpfisr; re;jpj;J fye;Jiuahly;.

md;Gg;gzpafj;jpy; guhkhpf;fg;gLk; tNahjpgH> rpWtUld; fye;Jiuahb jfty; jpul;ly;.

2k; ju juTfs;.

gj;jphpif> rQ;rpif Jz;LgpuRuk; %yk; jfty;fis jpul;ly;.

fzzp tiyg;gpd;dy; %yk; jfty;fis jpul;ly;.

Njrpa E}yfk; nrd;W Gj;jf Fwpg;Gf;fs;> glq;fs; jpul;ly;.

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nghUslf;fk; Introduction.

mwpKfk;.

Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;;.

nraw;gLj;Jk; tpjk;;;.

Nkw;Fyfpy; mUk;gpa nkhl;L.

Gdpj ghijf;Fg; gwe;J nrd;w ntz;Kfpy;.

fy;fj;jh fz;l fUiz kio.

md;id gzpapd; tphpthf;fk;.

md;gpd; gzpia md;id cyfwpar;nra;jhH.

J}agzpafj;jpd; gf;fj;J}z;fs;.

,yq;if kz;zpYk; md;id gjpj;j fhybfs;.

tpUJfspd; thpirapy; tdpij. ,Wjp %r;Rtiu r%f Nritapy; risf;fhj md;id. ,ayh epiyapYk; vUf;fyk; Nrhpapy; ,dpats; ghjk;.

kdpj khjh kiwe;J tpl;lhH. cyfj;jiytHfspd; cd;djkhd mQ;ryp.

KbTiu. md;id GdpijahfpwhH.

kpd;dQ;ry; %yk; Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l jfty;fs;.

Ma;Tf;Fjtpa E}y;fs;. ed;wp.

http://www.brulinfamily.com/bf_mt.php?p=2































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Nkw;Fyfpy; mUk;gpa nkhl;L

cyf tuyhw;wpy; cahpa khWjy;fSf;nfy;yhk; eL ehafkhf tpsq;Fk; INuhg;ghf;fz;lj;jpd; njd; gFjpapy; mike;jit jhd; A+Nfh];yhtpah my;Ngdpah ehLfs;. kiyj; njhlHfs; kz;b Nkff;$l;lq;fs; Ftpe;J kiyaUtpfs; #o;e;j gpuNjrk;. xUq;Nf ejpf;fiu. mjdUNf rhkiu tPRk; gpsk; fdp kuq;fs;. kiyfisr; #og; gapH tsHf;Fk; gs;sj;jhf;Ffs.; Mwpy;yh CUf;F moF gho; vd;ghHfs;. ehk; Fwpg;gpLk; gpuNjrNkh ejpfshy; eyk; nfhopf;Fk; ed;dhLfs;.

,e;j A+Nfh];yhtpahtpd; ];fhgN;[ efhpy; my;Ngdpa ehl;ilr;NrHe;j epf;nfhyh jpuhdh vd;fpw jk;gjpfl;F mUk;gpa nkhl;lhf xU ngz;Foe;ij gpwe;jJ. ,e;epfo;T 1910 k; Mz;L Mf];L jpq;fs; 26 k; ehshFk.; Foe;ijNah Nwhrh ,jo; Nghd;w fd;dq;fSk; Ky;iyr; rphpg;Gk; nfhs;is tdg;Gkhf ,Ue;jhs;. ,ts; jhd; vk; rKjha md;id ,tsJ ,aw;ngaH Mf;nd]; nfhd;rhfh ngh[hf;]pA vd;gjhFk;. 1904 y; gpwe;j ngz;Foe;ijahd MN[Ak; 1906 y; gpwe;j yhrH vDk; Mz;Foe;ijAk; ,tsJ %j;j rNfhjuHfshtH. nfhd;rhfh vDk; my;Ngdpa nrhy;iy vk; jk;opy; nkhop ngaHj;jhy; mUk;G vd;Nw mHj;jg;gLk;. mjdhw;whd; mUk;gpa nkhl;L vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;Nwd;.

Mf;drpd; je;ij epf;nfhyh kpfg;ngUk; nry;te;jH. Kjd; Kjyhf me;ehl;by; jpiu auq;if mikj;jtH. fly; fle;j thzpgj;jhYk; nghUsPl;b te;jhH. murpay; muq;fpy; mirf;f Kbahj mq;fk; tfpj;jtH. A+Nfh];yhtpahtpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;Nl JUf;fpahpd; Mjpf;fj;jpypUe;J my;Ngdpahtpd; tpLjiyf;fhf cioj;jhH.

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kidtp jpuhdh jdJ %d;W gps;isfisAk; jpU ,Uja gq;F Nfhtpw;gs;spapy; gbf;f itj;Jg; gz;Gs;s gps;isfshf tsHj;J te;jhs;. ,e;epiyapy; je;ijahH epf;nfhyh JUf;fpa Vfhjpgj;jpaj;jpd; mj;JkPwy;fisj; jLf;f XahJ murpay; tho;f;ifapy; <Lgl;lhH. 1919y; epf;nfhyh ngy;fpnul;bd; murpay; tpUe; njhd;Wf;F miof;fg;gl;lhH. tpUe;njd;w ngahpy; fatHfs; eQ;irf; fye;J nky;y nky;yr; rhFk; topiar; nra;jdH. tpUe;J Kbe;J tPL jpUk;gpathpd; cly; nky;y nky;y tYtpoe;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. murpay; vjphpfs; $l ,Ue;Nj Fop gwpj;j fijahfp tpl;lJ. cldbahf kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir nra;ag;gl;l NghJk; mtiuf; fhg;ghw;w Kbatpy;iy. 45 tajpy; kuzj;ijj; jOtpdhH.

FLk;gk; Gaypy; rpf;fpa G+e;Njhl;lkhf khwpaJ. jha; jdpkukhf epd;W %d;W gps;isfSf;Fk; Kl;Lf; nfhLf;Fk; epiyf;fhshdhs;. FLk;gr; #o;epiyf;F ,ilA+W Vw;glhj tifapy; 17 tajpy; yhrH my;Ngdpa ,uhZtg; gapw;rpg; gs;spapy; NrHe;jhH. mg;NghJ Mf;dRf;F taJ 9. %j;jkfs; MN[ tPl;L Ntiyfisg; nghWg;Ngw;whs;. jha; jpuhdh tWikiag; Nghf;f fk;gsp tphpg;Gf;fs; moFj;jpiufs; ifNtiyg;ghLfs; myq;fhug; nghUl;fs; moF rhjdq;fis cUthf;fp tpw;Wg; gpioj;jdH. ,g;gb Nky; kl;lj;jpypUe;J eLj;ju tHf;fj;Jf;F ,wq;fpa FLk;gk; gy tUlq;fisf; flj;jpaJ.

gq;Ff; Nfhtpw; gs;spapy; fy;tp fw;w Mf;d]; md;idapd; mizg;gpy; gz;Gk; xOf;fKk; cilatsha; GdpjHfspd; tuyhw;iwf; Nfl;;gjpYk; thrpg;gjpYk; MhtKil atshf tsHe;jhs;.

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1925k; tUlk; Nk khjk; mtHfs; tho;e;j gq;Ff; NfhtpYf;F [hk;ud; Nfhtpf; vDk; mbfshH gq;Fj; je;ijahf te;J gzpNaw;wik Mf;drpd; gzpf;Fg; gbf; fy;yhdJ. mbfshH te;j ifNahL ,isQH ,sk; ngz;fis ey;topg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fkhf thrpfrhiy xd;iw cUthf;fpr; rpwpa E}yfk; xd;iwAk; mikj;Jf; nfhLj;jhH. Gj;jfq;fs; thrpg;gjpNyNa jhfkhf ,Ue;j Mf;dRf;F ,t;tikg;Gj; jd;idj; Njb te;j jz;zPHg; ge;jyhf mike;J tpl;lJ. fy;tp vd;gJ jhd; gbg;gJ kl;Lky;y gbj;jijg; gyUf;Fg; gad;glr; nra;tJ vd;w kdg; gf;Ftj;jhy; jdJ vz;zq;fis nay;yhk; vOj;jpy; tbf;fj; njhlq;fpdhH. gbj;jtH tpae;jdH. ghuhl;Lf;fs; Ftpe;jd.

mtsJ thrpf;Fk; MHtk; mtSf;F ce;J rf;jpahf mike;jJ. GdpjHfspd; tuyhWfis thrpj;jjdhy; vq;Nfh gpwe;J vq;Nfh tsHe;J vq;Nfh gzp Ghpa Kd;te;J ehL fly; fle;J ey;y Nrit Ghpar; nrd;w GdpjHfs; Jwtwj;jhH gw;wpa nra;jpfs; mts; neQ;ir neUbaJ. mg;NghJ mts; md;id khpahs; gf;jpr; rigapd; mq;fj;jtuhfTk; tpsq;fpdhs;. xsp tpohf;fspy; gq;Nfw;Wg; ghprpy;fs; ngw;W Cf;fk; ngw;whs;. Rw;Wyhr;nrd;W mwpitg; ngw;W tsHr;rpaile;jhs;. ghypa gUtj;jpNyNa kpFe;j ,iw gf;jpAk; Viofs; kPJ ,uf;fKk; nfhz;ltshfj; jpfo;e;jhs;.

me;j ehspy; may; ehl;Lj; Njrpa FUf;fs; ,e;jpa kz;zpy; mehijfspd; ghriwahd fy;fj;jhtpy; Kfhkpl;Lr; Nritahw;wpdH. jd; jha; ehlhd A+Nfh];yhtpahtpypUe;Jk; gy FUf;fs; tq;fhsj;jpy; gzp Ghpe;jdH.

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,sikapy; md;id njNurh

Mother Theresa: Early Years EWTN

http://www.ewtn.com/motherteresa/life.htM

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,g;gzpfspd; kfj;Jtk; gw;wpg; gf;jpf; $l;lq;fspy; 15 taJg; gUt kq;if njhpe;J nfhz;L kdpj tuyhWk; r%f NritAk; vj;Jiz Rikiaj; jhq;fpAs;sd vdg; Ghpe;J nfhz;lhs;. tho;fpd;w fhyj;;jpy; jk;; #oypy; gj;Jg; NgUf;fhtJ gad; ngWk; gb tho;e;J tpl;Lg; Nghftpy;iynad;why; mJ vd;d tho;f;if vd;W rpe;jpf;f yhdhs;. nrhe;j ge;jq;fis tpl;L ehL fle;J mwpahj kdpjUf;F vg;gbg; gzp GhptJ? vd;w rpe;jid xU Gwk; jdf;F jz;zPH Cw;wpatDf;F kl;Lkh kuk; epoy; jUfpwJ? vd;w czHT xU Gwkhf Mf;drpd; kdk; miy gha;e;jJ ,e;j Ntisapy; maypy; cs;s nr];dhf;NfhH vd;w jpahd ,y;yj;jpw;F mbf;fb nrd;W jpahdk; nra;jhs;.

gs;spf;F ele;J nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j me;jg; Gs;sp khd; gUt thrypd; gbf; fl;Lfspy; te;J epd;whs;. ,y;yw rpe;jidfis tpl ,iw rpe;jidfspNyNa jd; vz;zf; fdTfis tsHj;Jf; nfhz;lhs;. jhd; xUtDf;F tho;f;ifg; gl;Lg; Nghtij tpl ,iwtDf;fhf tho;jy; crpjk; vdj; NjHe;J njspe;J nfhz;L jd; thypg vz;zq;fis xLf;fp tho;e;jhs;. ,jdhy; J}f;fnkd;gJ mtSf;F kwe;j nrhj;jhdJ. Mf;drpd; vz;znky;yhk; ,e;jpa kz;zpy; ,iw gzpahw;w tha;g;G tuhjh vd;w tUj;jkhfNt ,Ue;jJ.

twpatHfl;F cjtpLk; tha;f;fhyhfj; jhd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd;fpw vz;zk; mtis thl;baJ. Mf;drpd; ,jaj;jpy; Viofspd; Fuy;fs; Vf;ff; Fuyhfj; jd;id miog;gjhf czHe;jhs;. fhl;rpapYk; fhdj;jpYk; thOk; tdg;ghd thypgg; gUtj;jpy; JwT kdg;ghd;ik tsHtjw;F mts; gbj;j tuyhw;Wf; fbjq;fNs fhuzkhf mike;jd.

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,e;j vz;zq;fs; mtsJ ,ja ehsq;fisg; gpse;J epd;wd. vy;yhtw;iwAk; kPl;L kPl;L kdJf;Fs; kbj;J itj;jhs;. maHyhe;J ehl;bd; lg;spd; efiuj; jhafkhff; nfhz;l nyhul;Nlh rigf; fd;dpaHfs; fy;fj;jhtpy; fy;tpg; gzp Mw;WfpwhHfs; vd;wwpe;J klj;Jj; jiytpaplk; jhd; Jwtw rigapy; Nru mDkjp Nfl;Lf; fbjk; mDg;gp itj;jhs;.

Viofl;F ,iwgzpahw;Wk; Mty; Jwtw tho;tpy; Mir ,tw;why; ce;jg;gl;L tPl;by; ahUkwpahkNy mDkjpf;Ff; fbjk; mDg;gp tpl;lhs;. mLj;j khjNk mDkjpj;Jg; gjpYk; te;J tpl;lJ. xUgf;f mDkjp fpilj;jhYk; mk;khtpd; mDkjp Ntz;LNk. mLj;j Nghuhl;lk; kdf;Fog;gk;. mk;kh vd;d nrhy;yg; NghfpwhNth vd;Dk; Mjq;fk;. MapDk; vLj;j Kbit khw;Wtjpy;iy vd;w ijhpak;. mk;khtpd; mUfpy; nrd;W jdJ JwT tho;f;if gw;wpr; nrhy;yp tpl;lhs;.

mt;tsT jhd; jd;id mlf;f Kbahj mOifAld; miwf;Fs; nrd;W jhspl;Lf; nfhz;L cs;Ns ,Ue;J tpl;lhs; md;id jpuhdh. mf;fh MN[Ak; ,ijf; Nfl;L mjpHr;rpaile;jhs;. Mf;dir mutizj;J ,Uf;ifapy; ,Uj;jp md;id kdij mwpahky; rpW gps;isj; jdkhf ele;J tpl;lhNa. mg;ghit ,oe;j NghJ mk;khtpd; me;j nts;is kdjpd; Ntjidia eP fz;ljpy;iyah? neUg;igf; nfhz;L neQ;irj; njhl epidj;jhah? vq;fis tpl;Lg; gphpa vg;gbj; Jzpe;jha;? vd;W MN[ cUf;fKld; Nfl;lhs;. ,y;yk; xNu mikjpahf ,Ue;jJ. Mf;d]; nksdkhf epd;whs;.

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rpwpJ Neuk; fopj;Jj; jha; jpuhdh ntspNa te;jhs;. fyf;fk; ,Ue;jhYk; Mf;drpd; fuq;fisg; gpbj;J kfNs cd; fuq;fis Mz;ltd; fuq;fspy; xg;gilf;fpNwd;. cd; ghijfis mtH ghjq;fspy; itf;fpNwd; vd;W nrhd;dhs;. mf;fh MN[ jhk; ,UtUk; rpWg;ge; njhl;L ,e;ehs; tiu xd;whf Xb Mb ghbj;jphpe;J nrd;w fhl;rpfis kdjpy; kPl;b ,d;W vd;id tpl;Lg; gphpe;J ghHf;f Kbahj J}ug; gazk; nry;yj; Jzpe;J tpl;lhNs vd;W Jaug;gl;lhs;.

gzptpil ngWtjw;fd;W gzptpil GhpaNt vd;w gukdpd; thHj;ijia tho;thf vz;zpg; Gwg;gl;ltis ahUila mOifAk; jLj;jpl Kbatpy;iy. Mdhy; mf;fh MN[ tpLtjhapy;iy. thjhbf; nfhz;Nl epd;whs;. JwT vd;gJ JaukhdJ. tho;f;if vt;tsT RfkhdJ vd;gij vLj;Jf; fhl;bdhs;.

Mf;drpd; vz;zj;jpNyh khw;wkpy;iy. mope;J NghFk; rpW ,d;gj;jpw;fha; ehd; tho tpUk;gtpy;iy. miz fl;l Kbahj Mz;ltd; md;gpw;fhf thog; Nghfpd;Nwd;. vd;whs; ehd; njhlu Ntz;ba ghijAk; njhz;L nra;Ak; NerUk; ,NaR xUtH jhd;. kdpjj;ijg; Gdpjg;gLj;Jtjpy; risf;fhj r%f Nrtfpahf tho;tNj mtsJ mHg;gzpg;G vz;zkhFk;. jhapd; jahs FzKk; jhuhs kdJk; mtsplKk; jspH tpl;Nl ,Ue;jd. mjw;Fj; jpdKk; jz;zPH Cw;wp tsHj;J te;jhs;. vd; mk;kh jahs Fzk; gilj;j jahghp tPPl;by; tUk; ve;j VioAk; Vkhe;J jpUk;gpaNj ,y;iy fuq;fs; ,Ug;gJ gpwUf;Ff; nfhLg;gjw; fhfNt vd;w czHT mtsJ kdjpy; vd;Wk; gjpe;jpUe;jJ. me;j czHtpd; KOik jhd; Mf;drpd; tho;f;ifia ,e;j cd;dj epiyf;F tsHj;Jf;nfhs;s VJthf mike;jJ.

17


jhapd; fdT NtW kfspd; fdT NtW. me;epiyapy; jha; kfspd; fdTf;fhfj; jd; fditj; jpahfk; nra;jhs;. jhapd; kd Ntjidia Mf;d]; mt;tsT nghpJ gLj;jtpy;iy. ehd; Mz;ltUf;fhf Nkw;nfhs;s ,Uf;Fk; r%fg;gzpia xU ehs; mk;kh fz;L kfpo;e;J cs;sk; nefpo;e;J Nghths; vd;gJ cWjp vd vz;zpdhs;.

16 taJg; gUt kq;if xUj;jp ,g;gb xU tho;f;iff;F Mirg;gl;lij mwpe;J my;Ngdpa ,uhZ tj;jpd; caH gjtpapypUe;j mz;zd; yhrH mb kdjpy; mjpHr;rp nfhz;ltuha; Jb Jbj;Jg; NghdhH.

ftHr;rp fukhd fl;loF nfhz;l XH ,sk; ngz; tre;jkhd ,y;yw tho;f;ifia ,oe;J tpl;L ehL fle;J nrhe;j ge;jq;fisAk; md;NghL tsHe;j FLk;gj;ijAk; kwe;J jpUk;gTk; re;jpj;J tho Kbahj xU gzpf;F eP Nghtjhf KbT nra;jpUg;gJ vg;gb vd;W jhd; vdf;F tpsq;ftpy;iyNa vd;W fz;zPH rpe;jpf; fbjk; vOjp mDg;gpdhH. mjw;F MWjy; $WKfkhf Mf;dRk; gjpy; mDg;gpdhs;. mz;zh ePH 20 ,yl;rk; kf;fis MSfpd;w XH murdpd; ,uhZtj;jpy; Nrit nra;tij vg;gbg; ngUikahff; fUJfpwPNuh mNj khjphp ehNdh cyfpid MSk; cd;djH fpwp];J murUf;Nf gzp Ghpa Mrpj;Njd;. vk;kpy; ahH Nrit nghpaJ vd;gij ePNu Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk;. vd mlf;fkhfg; gjpy; mspj;jhs;.

,e;jpah nry;yg; NghfpNwhk; vDk; vjpHghHj;j tha;g;Gf; fpl;bdhYk; maHyhe;jpy; mbj;jsg; gapw;rpf;fhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w epidTld; nghWikahf ,Ue;jhs;.

18


Mf;d]; jd; cs;shHe;j rpe;jidapy; ,e;jg; gpugQ;rk; toq;fpa gpr;irg; ghj;jpuNk jhd; vd;W jd;id ciwa itj;jpUe;jhs;. Mdhy; md;ig toq;Ftjpy; mUk;gzp Mw;Wtjpy; ml;ra ghj;jpukhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; mlq;fhj ntwpNahL ,Ue;jhs;. ,e;jpa kz;zpd; Viof; Fbirfspy; tpsf;Nfw;Wk; fhykij vjpHghHj;jpUe;jtSf;Ff; fhyKk; fLfp te;jJ. maHyhe;J nry;y Maj;jk; nra;J Gwg;glj; jahuhdhs;.

1928k; Mz;L nrg;lk;gH 26k; ehs; Nerpj;j neQ;rq;fnsy;yhk; tpop epiwaf; fz;zPNuhL jtpj;J epw;fg; gphpahtpil ngw;Wg; Gwg;gl;l ehs;. mk;khTk; mf;fhTk; Rw;wj;jhH NjhopaUk; JauNk jhohJ jtpj;J epw;f Rkf;f Kbahj fdkhd NrhfKld; jdf;Fs;Ns gphpTj;Jaiu mjpfk; ntspf; fhl;lhky; mk;khitAk; mf;fhitAk; fl;b Kj;jk; nfhLj;J iffhl;bf; nfhz;Nl Gif tz;bapy; Gwg;gl;lhs;.

epue;ju gphpTf;F epNtjdk; nra;jjhf epidj;Jf;nfhz;Nl mlq;fhj NrhfKld; mk;khTk; MN[Ak; tPL jpUk;gpdH.

19


Gdpj ghijf;Fg;gwe;J nrd;w ntz;Kfpy;

Gifapujg; gazj;jpy; Gdpj ghij Nehf;fpg; gwe;J nry;Yk; ntz; KfpYf;nfhg;ghd fd;dpif Mf;d]; fd;dpaH klk; NrHtjw;Fr; nry;Yk; ,d;DnkhU ,sk; fd;dpifAld; NrHe;J ,UtUkhfg; gpuhd;R ehl;bd; ghp]; efhpy; fhy;gjpj;jdH. nyhNul;lh klj;Jj; jiyikr; rNfhjhp mtHfis tuNtw;Wr; rpghHRf; fbjj;Jld; lg;spdpYs;s nyhNul;Nlh jiyik klj;Jf;F mDg;gp itj;jhH. mq;F MWkhjk; Mq;fpyk; gapd;wgpd;dH maHyhe;jpypUe;J jd; Md;khtpy; mOe;jpf;fple;j ,e;jpa kz;zpNy njhw;W NehAk; njhO NehAk; njhFjp njhFjpahf tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; fy;fj;jhit Nehf;fpf; fg;gy; gazk; Muk;gkhdJ. 1928k; Mz;L brk;gH khjk; Kjyhe; jpfjp Gwg;gl;l ,f;fg;gy; kj;jpa jiuf;fly; Ra]; fhy;tha; nrq;fly; topahf ,e;J rKj;jpuj;jpd; Kfj;Jthuj;ij Kl;baJ.

fg;gypNyNa jd;Dld; te;j khpa kjNyd; vDk; ,d;ndhU rNfhjhp clDk; mtHfSld; gpuahzk; nra;j NtW %d;W gpuhd;rp];fd; rigf; fd;dpaUlDk; NrHe;J ItUkhf fpwp];k]; tpoh nfhz;lhbdH.

fg;gy; nfhOk;gpy; rw;W Neuk; jhpj;J epd;w NghJ ,yq;iff; fiuNahuf; fhl;rpfSk; Mf;drpd; kdijj; jtpf;f itj;jd. ,q;fpUe;J Gwg;gl;l fg;gy; ,e;J rKj;jpuj;ijf; fle;J 1929k; Mz;L [dthp khjk; 6k; ehs; fy;fj;jhit mile;jJ. Mf;d]; jdJ fdTyF epyj;jpy; fhyb itj;jhs;.

20


fdTyfpd; tq;f epyk;> ,e;jpahtpd; jq;f epyk;. tq;fhsk; xU tuyhw;Wg; G+kp> ,q;Fs;s fy;fj;jh vDk; JiwKfk; Viofspd; nfhy;nfhj;jh vd miog;gJ jtwhfhJ. ,e;efuhdJ> Vio vspatHfs; mgiyfs; mehijfs; CdKw;NwhH njhO NehahsH MfpNahhpd; ghriwahf tpsq;Fk; ,lkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,e;epiyfl;nfy;yhk; fhuzk; 1947y; ,e;jpah Rje;jpuk; ngw;wJk;> fpof;F tq;fhsk; gphpe;jJ. ,jdhy; FbngaHe;J mfjpfshf te;jtHfNs ,e;j mtyepiyf;Ff; fhuzkhapdH.

kf;fSs; ngUk;ghyhNdhH jkf;nfd tho;e;Nj kbtH. mJ cd;djkhd tho;tpd; KbthfhJ. ehl;L eyDf;fhf> gpwuJ Nkk;ghl;bw;fhf tho;e;J kbtNj NkyhdjhFk;. Vio vspatHfs; Jd;GWNthH> iftplg;gl;NlhH> fy;tpawptw;wtHfs;> mwpahikapy; fple;J coYNthH> tWik tha;g;gl;NlhH ,tHfSf;fhf ciof;f Ntz;Lk;. kf;fs; Nritapy; Nja;e;J mopa Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;Ff; flTspd; mUSk; Ntz;Lk;. Raeythjpfs; flTspd; mUSf;F mUfijaw;wtHfs;> rKjha eyDf;fhf> gpwH tho;Tf;;;;fhfj; jd;id mopj;Jf; nfhs;gtNd caHe;jtd;. jdJ fy;tp> nry;tk;> nrhj;J> nrhe;jk;> Rfk; midj;ijAk; kf;fs; tho;tjw; nfd;W mHg;gzpg;gtNd Nkyhdtd;.

,e;j cyfpy; ek;kplj;Js;s midj;Jk; Vio vspatHf;Nf nrd;W Nrul;Lk;. gpd;dH vd;d? vQ;rpapUf;fpwNjh mitNa ekf;fhfl;Lk; vd;fpd;whH Rthkp tpNtfhde;jH. Raeythjpahy; ,g;gbf; $wKbAkh? jdf;nfd;W thohJ gpwUf;nfd;Nw tho;e;j xUtuhy; jhd; ,q;qdk; $wKbAk;.

21


,d;W rKjhaj;jpy; nrhy;Yk; nraYk; xj;jpUf;Fk; khe;jiuf; fhz;gjhpJ. Mdhy; khe;jhpy; khzpf;fkhf> nray; tPuhq;fidahfj; jpfo;e;jtH jhd; ek; fjh ehafp Mf;d];. kdJ J}ajhf ,Uf;Fk; mstpw;Fr; nrhy;Yk; J}ajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. J}aneQ;rpy; vOfpd;w vz;zq;fSf;Fr; rf;jp kpf cz;L. mj;jifa neQ;rk; jpz;zpa neQ;rk; Mfpd;wJ. me;j neQ;rj;jpy; vOfpd;w vz;zq;fNs rhjid gilf;fpd;wd.

vz;zpaij vz;zpahq;F epiwNtw;w fy;fj;jh kz;zpd; Gdpjk; fhf;f ntz;Kfpyhf gwe;J te;j fhUz;a kq;if fUkj;jpd; Kd;djha;> Md;kPfg; gzpapd; mbehjkhd gapw;rpf;F lhH[pypq; nry;y Ntz;bapUe;jJ. fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 7000 mb cau ,kakiyapd; ,Lf;fpy; gdp kiyfSf;Fs; glHe;J fplf;Fk; gspq;F efue;jhd; lhH[pypq;. kiykfspd; kNdhfuf; fhl;rpfis kdk; Fspug; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;Lk;> gukidg; Gfo;e;J nfhz;Lk; gutrj;jpy; %o;fpdhs; ,aw;if moFfspD}Nl ,iwtidj; njhOJ > vOe;J gapw;rpfisj; njhlHe;jhs;.

mHg;gz tho;tpd; Muk;gj;jpNyNa Foe;ij njNurhtpd; tho;f;if tuyhW gbf;f NeHe;jJ. rpWkyH njNurhtpd; fUj;Jf;fSk;> fd;dpik tho;f;ifAk; Mf;d]; kdjpy; Mokhfg;gjpe;jd.

%ite;J tajpy; fd;dpahf thoj; njhlq;fp ehyhW tajpy; fhr Nehahy; fsthlg;gl;l Gdpij rpd;dj; njNurhtpd; tho;f;ifAk;> thHj;ijAk; Mf;d]; vd;w fd;dpapd; ngaiuNa khw;wp njNurh vd;Dk; ngaiuNa Vw;Wf; nfhs;s VJthf ,Ue;jJ. 1929k; Mz;L Nk khjk; 23k; NjjpapypUe;J Mf;d]; njNurh vd;fpw Gjpa ngaiuj; jhq;fpdhs;.

22


,uz;L Mz;L ,iwapaw; gapw;rpf;Fk;> Mrphpa gapw;rpf;Fk; gpd;dH 1931k; Mz;L Nk khjk; 24k; Njjp fd;dpaH klj;jpy; Kjy; thHj;ijg; ghl;ilj; jdJ tho;f;ifg; ghlhf Vw;Wr; rNfhjhp njNurh MdhH.

Vo;ik> gzpT fw;G vd;fpw kfj;jhd Md;k Nea xUikg;ghL xUq;fpize;jpUe;j Kjy; thHj;ijg;ghl;il Vw;Wf; nfhz;l gpd;dH lhH[pypq;fpy; Mrphpiaahfg; gzpahw;wpdhH. gpd;dH fy;fj;jhtpy; cs;s Gdpj khpahs; gs;spapy; Mrphpag; gzp Ghpa khw;wyhfpr; nrd;whH.

,e;jg; gs;spapy; Vwj;jhs 17 Mz;Lfs; jiyik Mrphpiaahfg; gzpahw;wpdhH. ,jw;fpilapy; ];fhg;N[ efhpy; tho;e;jpUe;j mk;kh jpuhdhTk; MN[Ak; 1932y; my;Ngdpahtpy; ijwhdh efhpy; cs;s yhrUld; xd;whff; FbapUe;jdH. me;epiyapy; rNfhjhp njNurh jdJ md;idia kwe;Jtpltpy;iy. mts; jd; jha;f;F vOjpa fbjj;jpy; md;Gs;s mk;khtpw;F> ,q;F vdJ tho;f;if eykhf mike;Js;sJ. vy;NyhUk; eykhf ,Uf;fpNwhk;. ePq;fs; midtUk; eykh? ehd; ,t;tplk; XH Mrphpiaahf> mJTk; jiyik Mrphpiaahfg; gzp Ghpfpd;Nwd;. vy;NyhUk; vdJ gzpiar; rpwg;ghd tpjj;jpy; ghuhl;LfpwhHfs; vdf; fbjk; mDg;GtJld;> gjpy;fSk; MWjy; mspg;gdthf mike;jd. mjd;gpwF 1937 Nk 14y; fd;dpaH tho;tpd; ,Wjp thHj;ijg; ghl;ilAk; Vw;W mjid MAs; G+uhTk; fhg;gjhf cWjpAk; vLj;jhH.

Mrphpag; gzpahw;wpa ,j;jid Mz;LfspYk; fy;tpg; gzpAld; jpUg;jpaile;J ,Ue;J tplhJ kdpj Nea ce;Jjy; cs;spUe;J mOj;jk; nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f > kdpjj;Jtj;ijg; Gdpjg; gLj;Jtjpy; risf;fhj r%f md;idahf tho;e;J Mz;ltid kfpikg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vDk; Mty; NkNyhq;fp epd;wJ.

23


,jw;F nkU$l;LtJ Nghy mtsJ gs;spf;$lr; RtHfSf;F ntspNa njhpe;j Nrhpf;fhl;rp mike;jJ. me;ehl;fspy; mg;gFjpf;Fg; gq;Fj;je;ijahf ,Ue;j mUl;je;ij [{ypad; n`d;wpAk; Nrhpg; gzpfspy; <LghLilatuhf ,Ue;jik ,tUf;F kpf tha;g;ghapw;W.

jhd; GhptJ Mrphpag;gzp> nra;a epidg;gJ kdpj Neaj;jpd; Mo> mfyq;fisj; njhl;Lg; ghHf;fpw Viofspd; gzp. ,jw;Fj; jd;rig ,lkspf;fhJ vd;gJ njhpAk;. mjdhy; mjpf tUj;jKk;> Mo;e;j Ntz;LjYkhf ,Ue;jhH. me;jf; fhyk; tUkh? jd; fdT edthFkh? vd;fpd;w jhfj;jpy; ehl;fs; Xbf; nfhz;bUe;jd. fy;fj;jh #oiy mwpa md;id Kad;whs;.

tq;fk; xU tuyhw;Wg; G+kp ,e;jpa kz;Zf;F ,izaw;w ,yf;fpa thjpfisAk; mwpQH ngUkf;fisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;j G+kp Rgh]; re;jpuNgh];> uhrhuhk; Nkhfd;uha;> ftpf;Fapy; rNuh[pdp ehAL> fPHj;jid thapyhff; fPHj;jpkpf;f utPe;jpuehjjh$H Nghd;w nghpahHfisj; jd; kbapy; <d;W kyur; nra;j kfj;jhd kz;jhd; tq;fk; vd mwpe;jhs; ,tw;Wf;F NeH khwhf Viofspd; ghriwahf> tho;ehs; KOtJk; tUj;jg;gl;Lg; ghuk; Rkg;NghH> tWikapNy tho;e;J nehe;NjhH> mfjpfsha; cs; Eioe;NjhH midtiuAk; Rke;J> my;yYWk; Nrhpahf thOk; fy;fj;jhitf; fz;L fyf;fKw;whH. ntz;Kfpyha;g; gwe;J te;j nts;is kdk;>ftiyAw;Wf; fUKfpyha;f; fhl;rp je;jJ. ehl;fs; efHe;J nfhz;bUe;jd.

1946y; ,e;jpahTf;Fr; Rje;jpuk; nfhLf;f Mq;fpy muR ,uq;fp> ,wq;fp te;j NeukJ Mdhy; me;jr; Rje;jpu ,e;jpahtpd; mjpfhu gPlj;Jf; fjpiuiag; gpbg;gjw;F ,e;jpa kf;fSf;Fs;NsNa Nghl;b vOe;jJ. mjdhy; ,e;J K];ypk; kf;fspilNa ,df; fytuk; Muk;gkhdJ.

24


,e;Jf;fSk;> K];ypk;fSk; ,e;jpahtpd; ,uz;L fz;fs; vd;w czHT NtuWf;fg;gl;lJ. fy;fj;jh KOtJk; fytuj;jhy; me;jfhu ,Uspy; %o;fpaJ. gy;yhapuf; fzf;fhd kf;fs; fhaKw;Wk; kuzpj;Jk; NghapdH. Aj;j G+kp ,uj;j G+kpahdJ. czTg; nghUl;fs;> mj;jpahtrpaj; Njitg; nghUl;fs; fpilf;fhj gQ;r epiy. jd; ghlrhiy tpLjpapy; jq;fp ,Uf;Fk; 300 khztpfSf;F czNth mj;jpahtrpag; nghUl;fNsh vJTkpy;iy. Vw;fdNt ,df; fytuj;jpdhy;> tpLjpia tpl;L ntspNaw Kbahky; Jtz;L NghapUf;Fk; jd; gps;isfs; cztpd;wp thbtpLthHfNs> vd;w jhad;G Vf;fj;jhy; tpLjpapd; fjitj; jpwe;Jnfhz;L njUTf;F te;j njNurh jpLf;Fw;whH.

ntwpr;Nrhbg;Nghd tPjp> fj;jpahy; Fj;jg;gl;L Fw;Wapuhd kdpjHfs;> ,uj;j nts;sj;jpy; rpjwpf; fplf;Fk; gpzq;fs;> ,tw;iwg; ghHj;Jj; njNurhtpd; kdk; fyq;fpaJ. kdijj; jplg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L njUNthuk; ele;J nrd;whs.; tPjpahy; tz;bapy; te;j ,uhZttPuH mtis ntspNa tuNtz;lhnkdj; jLj;jdH. mts; jd; FQ;RfSf;F cztpy;iyNa! vd;gijj; njhpag;gLj;jpaJk;> mtHfs; jk;kplkpUe;j nfhQ;r mhprpiaf; nfhLj;J mtis cs;Ns js;sp tpl;ldH.

vt;tsT Mgj;jhd epiyapYk;> jd; FQ;RfSf;fhf > ,iu Njbr; nry;Yk; ngypf;fhd; gwitapidg; Nghy ntspNa czitj; Njb te;j rNfhjhp njNurhtpd; epiy Njhd;wpaJ. czT fpilj;j re;Njh\k; xU Gwk;> czHitf; fpswpa fhl;rpfs; kW Gwk;> kdpj Neaj;ij kwe;J Vio ,jaq;fs; mope;J NghtJ> jdf;F cld;ghlhd nray;fspy;iy vd cWjp G+z;lhs;.

25


ehd;F RtHfSf;Fs; RUq;fpf; fplf;fpw gzp tho;it tpUk;ghj czHtpy;> md;W njUf;fspy; fz;l mtykhd> F&ukhd epiyfSf;F xU ghij jpwf;f top Njbdhs;. gs;spf;$lk; jhd; gzpf;fsk; vd;whYk; mts; epidnty;yhk; Nrhpfisr; Rw;wpNa #o;e;J epd;wJ. mjd; gpd; jpahdk; nra;Ak; Kfkhf lhH[pypq; Nehf;fpg; gazkhdhs;. gazj;jpYk; fy;fj;jh tPjpapy; fz;l fytuf; fhl;rpfNs epidtpy; te;jd> mij kwf;f KbahJ gpuhj;jidapy; <Lgl;l Ntisapy; XH mrhPhp thf;F mts; ,jaj;ijj; jl;baJ.

NrhpfSf;Fr; nry; Nritfisr; nra;

vd;W xU Fuy;. cz;ikjhd; mJ Mz;ltd; Fuy; jhd; vd mwpe;jhs;.

mioj;jYf;Fs; ,d;ndhU mioj;jyh? vDk; Mtiy Mz;ltd; ghjj;jpy; itj;Jr; rpe;jpj;jhs;. me;j epidTk; me;j ehSk; jhd;> md;gpd; gzpahsH rigapd; Njhw;wj;Jf;F mj;jpthukpl;l ehs; 10.9.1946 MFk;.

,iwtd; fd;dpahf mioj;jJ Kjy; miog;G> Viofspd; fz;zPiuj; Jilf;Fk; jhahf miog;gJ ,uz;lhtJ miog;G> vdg; G+hpg;gile;jhs;. Viofspd; Nrhpf;Fs; kiof;fhy epythff; fhy; gjpf;f> neL ehl;fshf vjpHghHj;jpUe;jtSf;F> vg;gbahtJ ViofSf;F cjt Ntz;Lk;> ,jw;Ff; fy;tpg; gzpapypUe;J tpyFtJjhd; Kjy; top> vd;gjw;F ,e;j miog;ghdJ mtSf;F tYT+l;baJ.

26


,jpy; jd; Nehf;fj;ijj; jd; Md;k FUthd thd; vf;rk; mbfshhplk; vLj;Jiuj;jhs;. mUl; je;ij thd; vf;rk; mbfshH> NguhaH nghpaH mtHfsplk; vLj;Jiuj;J KbT $Wtjhff; $wpdhH.NguhaH nghpaUf;Fr; rNfhjhp njNurhTk; jhd; njhlq;ftpUf;Fk; ,e;jr; rig gw;wp mDkjp Nfl;Lf; fbjk; vOjpdhH. mjpy; jhd; njhlq;f ,Uf;Fk; Gjpa rigf;fhf nyhNul;Nlh klj;jpypUe;J tpyfpj; jdpj;Jg; gzp Ghpa mDkjp Nfl;bUe;jhH. mf;fbjj;ijg; gbj;Jk;> je;ij thd; vf;rk; mbfshhplk; Nfl;Lk;> mwpe;J nfhz;l NguhaH fLq;Nfhgq;nfhz;L ,J Kl;lhs; jdkhd nray;. cq;fSf;Ff; $l mDgtk; ,y;iyah? mtisg; gw;wp vdf;F Muk;gKjNy njhpAk;. NkOFtHj;jpapidf; $lf; nfhSj;jj; jpuhzpaw;wts;. ,g; ngUq;fUkj;ij vq;qdk; Mw;w KbAk;? vhpe;J js;spdhH. ,jdhy; rNfhjhp njNurh kdk; NrhHe;J Nghdhs;.

je;ij thd; vf;rk; mbfshH njNurhitr; re;jpf;fpw NghJ vy;yhk; MWjy; nrhy;yp ,J Mz;ltd; miog;ghf ,Ue;jhy; epr;rak; epiwNtWk; ftiy Ntz;lhk; vd mwpTWj;jp te;jhH. Nfhgq; nfhz;L NguhaH Vrptpl;lhYk; mtH mjd; gpd;dzp> mjhtJ gpd; tpisTfis mtH rpe;jpf;fhky; ,y;iy. NguhaH epidj;jJ ,J jhd;:

rNfhjhp njNurh epidg;gJ khjphp> Nrhpfspy; Nritfisr; nra;tJ vd;gJk;> fy;fj;jh tPjpfisg; gzpf;fskhf;fpf; nfhs;tnjd;gJk; xU ngz;kzpf;F Vw;wjy;y mJTk; my;Ngdpa ehl;Lg; ngz;Zf;F> ,e;jpa fyhrhug; gpd;dzp gw;wp mjpfk; njhpahJ. mJ kl;Lky;y> xU rigiaNah> my;yJ ,af;fj;ijNah fl;bnaOg;g Ntz;L nkd;why;> mij epHthfg;gLj;j NghJkhd epjp trjp Ntz;Lk;. ,njy;yhk; vg;gb rhj;jpakhFk; vd;gJ gw;wpNa epidj;jhH. rNfhjhp njNurh nghWik ,oe;J tpuf;jpaile;jh. ,ij mtjhdpj;j klj;Jj; jiytp mtit NtW ,lj;Jf;F khw;wp tpl;lhH.

27


rNfhjhp njNurhtpd; tplaj;jpy; NguhaH mtHfs; Nfhgkile;jpUe;jhYk; mtit khw;wpa tplak; mtUf;Ff; nfhQ;rKk; gpbf;ftpy;iy. mjdhy; mtTf;F Md;k eyd;fisf; ftdpf;f mUl; je;ij thd; vf;rk; mbfisNa nghWg;ghf ,Uf;f epakpj;jhH.

njNurhTk; ek;gpf;ifiaj; jsu tplhJ> flTs; Jiz nra;thH vDk; jplKld; NguhaUf;Ff; fbjq;fis vOjpf; nfhz;NlapUe;jhH. ,jdpilNa NguhaH nghpaH mtHfsJ Kaw;rp> njNurhitj; jpUk;gTk; vd;Nlyp klj;Jf;F khw;wyhfp tu top tFj;jJ. ,r; nray; njNurhTf;F kd kfpo;itf; nfhLj;jJ. fbjj; njhlHGfs; njhlHe;J nfhz;bUe;jd. NguhaH nghpaH mUl; je;ij thd; vf;rk; mbfis mioj;J> "ehd; cNuhikf;Fr; nry;fpNwd;. mq;Nf rigj; jiytHfs;> gy;fiyf; fofg; NguhrphpaH fisAk; re;jpj;J> rNfhjhp njNurhtpd; Gjpa rig gw;wpg; gfpHe;J Ngrp tpl;L> mjd; topahf tUk; Kbitf; flTs; jUk; Kbthf Vw;Wf; nfhs;s KbT nra;J tpl;Nld;." vd;W nry;yp tpl;Lg; Gwg;gl;lhH.

rNfhjhp njNurh XhpU khjq;fs; jd;id ew;fUiz ehjhplk; xg;gilj;J tpl;Lg; nghWikahff; fhj;jpUe;jhs;. NguhaH jpUk;gp tUk; ehspy; je;ij thd; vf;rk; mbfshH tpkhd epiyaj;jpw;Nf Nguhaiu tuNtw;fr; nrd;W tpl;lhH. NguhaH mthplk; Nkw;gb tplaj;ij kwe;J tpLq;fs; vd;W kl;Lk; nrhy;yp tpl;L Xuhz;L fhyk; mikjpahfNt ,Ue;J tpl;lhH. rNfhjhpapd; kdNkh Viofspd; G+kpiag; gaphpLk; gzpapNyNa Cd;wpf; fple;jJ. mjdhy; xt;nthU tpdhbAk; xt;nthU Afkhf mtSf;Ff; fope;jJ. MapDk; nghWikiaf; filg;gpbj;jhH. ek;gpf;if jsutpy;iy. 1948 [dthpapy; cNuhikf;Fk;> lg;spdpy; cs;s "nyhNul;Nlh klj;jiytpf;Fk;> jdJ vz;zj;ij ntspaplg; NguhaH rNfhjhp njNurhTf;F mDkjp mspj;jhH.

28


clNd njNurh> jha; klj;Jj; jiytpf;F nyhNul;Nlh rigapy; ,Ue;J ePq;fp> Vio kf;fSf;fhfr; Nrit nra;aTk>; Nrhpfspy; thOk; vspatHfl;Fg; gzpGhpaTk>; vd;id mHg;gzpf;fpNwd;. mj;Jld; ,Nj gzpiar; nra;af;$ba rpy njhz;lHfis mbNad; NrHj;Jf; nfhs;s tpUk;GfpNwd;." vd;W jd; kdjpy; ,Jtiu fhj;J itj;jpUe;j fditnay;yhk; fbjj;jpy; tiue;J mDg;gpdhs;. NguhaUk; jd; ifg;glf; fbjk; vOjp lg;spdpYs;s nyhNul;Nlh fd;dpaH klj;Jj; jiytpf;Fj; njNurhtpd; Gjpa rigf;fhd MHtj;ij tpsf;fp MjuT Nfl;L vOjpdhH.

fpwp];jt jpUr;rigapd; mbg;gilapy; ,uz;L tpjkhd

gzpf;fsq;fs; cs;sd. xd;W �Exclaustration�- fw;G> Vo;ik> fPo;g;gbjy;> Nghd;w thHj;ijg;ghLfis Vw;Wg; Nguhahpd; Neub

mjpfhuj;jpy; nraw;gLtJ. ,uz;lhtJ �Secularization�- fd;dpaH klj;ijj; Jwe;J KotJkhfj; jdpj;Jr; nraw;gLtJ. je;ij thd; vf;rk; mtHfSk>; njNurh mtHfSk>; tpUk;gpaJExclaustration mikg;Ng. lg;spd; klj;Jj; jiytpapd; tpUg;gKk; mJNt. NguhaH nghpaH mtHfs; mij tpUk;ghJ> cNuhikf;F mDg;Gk; fbjj;jpy;Exclaustration vd;gijf; fPwp tpl;L> Secularization vd vOjp mDg;gpdhH. gq;Fj; je;ijahYk; rNfhjhp njNurhthYk; mjw;F kWg;Gr; nrhy;y Kbatpy;iy. tpz;zg;gq;fs; tpiue;j rpy khjq;fl;fpilapNyNa> maHyhe;J jha;klj;jpypUe;J> tpyFtjw;F mDkjp fpilj;J tpl;lJ. rNfhjhp ,iw rpj;jg;gb ek;GtJ elf;Fk; vd;Dk; gjpTld; njhlHe;J tpRthrkhf ,Ue;jhH. Ie;jhtJ khj Kbtpy; 1948 Mf];l; Kjy; thuk; cNuhkhGhpapy; ,Ue;J gjpy; te;jJk;> NguhaH gq;Fj; je;ij mtHfis mioj;J njNurh epidj;jJ ele;J tpl;lJ. mJTk; mts; epidj;jJ NghyNt, Exclaustration vDk; mikg;Gf;Nf fpilj;jJ> mjpf kfpo;r;rpahfp tpl;lJ. gq;Fj; je;ij QhapW gypG+irapd; gpd;G njNurhtplk; mg;gj;jpuj;ij toq;fpdhH.

29


gj;jpuj;ijg; ngw;w clNd njNurhtpd; kd epiyiaf; $w Ntz;Lkh? cs;sk; FspHe;jJ. rHf;fiug; ge;jypy; Njd; kio nrhhpe;jJ Nghy; ,jak; kfpo;e;jhs;. gq;Fj; je;ijAk; $l kfpo;e;J> ,dpNky; ckf;Fg; NguhaH nghpaH mtHfNs> jiyikg; nghWg;ghsH. mthpd; fPo; Xuhz;L fhyk; gzp nra;J fhl;lNtz;Lnkd;W $wp> MrPHtjpj;J mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; %d;wpy; xU gpujpiaj; njNurhtplk; toq;fpdhH. ,uz;lhtijg; NguhaUf;Fk;> %d;whtij cNuhikf;Fk; mDg;gpdhH. gj;jpuk; fpilj;jJk; md;W KOtJk;>Mz;ltDf;F ed;wp nrYj;JtjpNyNa ehisr; nrytpl;lhH.

Nrhpfl;Fr; nry;y Ntz;Lk;. md;Gg;gzp GhpaNtz;Lk;. md;gpd; gzpahsH rigia epWt Ntz;Lk;. vDk; mb Nehf;Ffs; Kd; Nehf;f> Nguhahpd; fPo; Xuhz;L fhyk; ghprPyidf; fhyj;ijj; njhlq;fg; Gwg;gl;L tpl;lhH.

klj;Jj; jiytp jhahH nrdhf;fps; mtHfsplk; tpil ngWk; gphpTj; JaH> nrhe;j tPl;il tpl;L te;j NghJk; $l ,y;yhj msTf;F kpf;fjhapw;W. gjpNdO Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhfg; gzpahw;wpa ,lk;> gofpa cs;sq;fs;> ghrq; nfhz;l ,jaq;fs; midj;ijAk; tpl;Lg; NghtJ f\;lkhfj;jhd; Njhd;wpaJ. rNfhjhpfs;> khztpfs; midthpd; kdepiyfSk; mt;tpjNk. ,itfs; midj;ijAk; jd;Ds; fl;Lg;gLj;jpf;nfhz;L> mUl; je;ij thd; vf;rk; mbfshH MrPHtjpf;f> Nkiyf; fyhr;rhu cilfisf; fise;J>,e;jpag; ngz;fspd; Nriyia cLj;jpf; nfhs;s Kd; te;jhH.

,e;jpag; ngz;kzp Nghy; njNurh> nts;is epwg; gUj;jpg; Glitapy;> %d;W ePyf; Nfhl;Lf; fiuAld;> Kf;fhL Nghl;L> epj;jpa tho;f;iff;Fk;> Nts;tpf;Fk; ghyk; mikf;fpd;w ghq;fhff; fhl;rp je;jhH.

30


%d;W Nriyfis vLj;J> xd;W cLj;jpf;nfhs;s> ,d;ndhd;W Jitj;J khw;wp cLj;j> %d;whtJ mtruj;Njit my;yJ rpwg;G epfo;r;rpfl;fha;> mj;Jld; xU rpYit> xU nrgkhiy ,itfs; jhd; ,dpNky; ehd; tho; ehs; G+uhTk; Rke;J nry;yg; Nghfpd;w nrhj;Jf;fs; vd;whH.

mtw;iwg; gq;Fj; je;ij topahfg; ngw;W MrpAk; thq;fpf; nfhz;lhH. nyhnul;Nlh klj;Jj; jiytp nrdhf;fps; jhahH. mtHfsplKk; Mrp ngw;Wr; rhjhuz ,e;jpag; gzpg; ngz;zpd; Njhw;wkhdhH.

,e;jpaNuhL ,e;jpauha;> ViofNshL Viofsha;mehijfl;F md;idahf Mirg;gl;l rNfhjhp me;j cilfspy; myq;fhpf;fg;gl;L epw;fpwhH. Nrhpfspy; Rfhjhu Nrit nra;tjw;fhf ghl;dh efhpYs;s nkbf;fy; kp\d; rNfhjhpfs; elj;Jk; jpUf;FLk;g kUj;Jt kidapy; gapw;rp ngwr; nrd;whH.

,g;NghJ mtUf;F taJ 38. kUj;Jtg; gbg;gpy; 3 khjq;fs; fope;j gpd; 1948k; Mz;L brk;gH 15k; ehs; fy;fj;jh jpUk;gpdhH.

31


fy;fj;jh fz;l fUiz kio

ntz;Kfpyha;j; Njhd;wpf; fhH Kfpyha; kdk; nefpo;e;J> fy;fj;jh G+kpapy; fUiz kioahff; fhy; gjpj;jtH jhd; Mf;d]; vDk; njNurh. bnrk;gH 21 k; ehNs gzpiaj; njhlq;fp tpl;lhH. Ie;J &gha; %yjdj;Jld; Viofspd; G+kpia VnwLj;Jg; ghHj;jhH. Njhuzk; fl;bj; njhq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; njhFjpiaf; fz;nzjpNu fhz;fpwhH. Mq;fhq;Nf mfjpaha;j; jphpAk; miu epHthzr; rpWtHfs;> ftiyapy; Njha;e;J thbf; fUfpa Kfq;fs;> %q;fpw; Fr;rpfsha; ,isj;jpUe;j if fhy;fs;> vz;nza; ,y;yhj; jiyfNshL> rf;jpapd;wpg; ghijapy; miyAk; ghujr; rpwhHfs;> ntz;zpwr; Nriyapy; Njtij xd;W Njb te;jjhfg; ghHf;f te;j kffs; $l;lk;. ,it vy;yhk; fz;l njNurh

vd;whtJ xU ehs; ekf;F tpbT tUkh? ek; tho;f;if kyUkh? tpijfs; Kisf;Fkh? tpisr;ry; ngUFkh? gQ;rk; ePq;Fkh? gl;bdp xopAkh?

vd Vq;fp Ntjid tpspk;gpy; NtFk;> twpatH tho;f;if epiyapid khw;wpl kdk; jsuhJ cioj;jplj; Jzpe;jhH.

32


$iu> $iuahff; Fdpe;J Fiwfisf; Nfl;lwpe;jhH. mLj;j ehNs xU rpW gs;spf;$lk; Ie;J rpWtUld; Muk;gkhfp fy;tpiaAk; Rfhjhuj;ijAk; fw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk; fhhpahyak; mJthfTk; mike;jJ.

fd;dpaH klj;ij tpl;L ntspNa te;j njNurh jq;Ftjw;F Xhplk; Ntz;LNk. mjw;F thd; vf;rk; mbfshH Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;lhH. gq;fpNy jd; ez;gH My;Ngl; Nfhk]; tPl;by; NehAw;wpUe;j md;idia MrPHtjpf;fr; nrd;whH. mq;Nf tPl;Lj; jiytiu Nehf;fp Vio vspa kf;fSf;Fg; gzptpil Ghpa> tpl;L ntspNa te;J kf;fNshL kf;fshf ,Ue;J Nrit nra;a ,e;j rNfhjhp tpUk;gp ,Uf;fpwhH. Nkyplj;J mDkjpfSk; ngw;Wj; jahuhf ,Ug;gjhy; mtHfisj; jq;f itf;f XH ,lk; Ntz;LNk vdf; Nfl;L epd;whH.

Nfl;L kfpo;r;rpaile;j Nfhk]; FLk;gj;jpdH jq;fs; tPl;bd; Nky; khbiaf;; fhz;gpj;jdH. mjidg; ghHj;Jg; G+hpg;gile;j gq;Fj; je;ijahH kW ehNs njNurhitf; $l;b te;J mjpy; FbNaw;wpdhH.

mq;Nf jsghlk; vd;W xU NkirAk; ehw;fhypAk; kl;Lk; ,Ue;jd. ,it NghJkh? vd;W je;ijahH Nfl;lhH. mjw;F rNfhjhp ehd; ,q;F trjpahf tho tutpy;iy. ,lnkhd;W fpilj;jNj NghJk;. vd;W tpil gfHe;jhH. jd;de;jdpahf khbaiwapy; Fb GFe;j ghitf;F 1949k; Mz;L khHr; 19k;ehs;> cWJizah> chpa Neuj;jpy; njNurhtpd; Kd;dhs; khztp Rgh\pdp jh]; te;J NrHe;jhs;.

33


,tUk; fd;dpauhfg; Gdpjk; ngw;W njNurhtpd; ,aw; ngauhd Mf;d]; vd;w ngaiuNa jhq;fp epd;whH. mjdhy; Rgh\pdp jh]; NrHe;j ehspypUe;J> rNfhjhp njNurh rNfhjhp njNurh md;id njNurh vd miof;fg;gl;lhH. ehKk; ,dpNky; md;id njNurhthfNt tuyhw;iwg; ghHg;Nghk;

,d;Dk; rpy ehl;fspy; ,d;ndhU khztpahd kjNydh Nfhk]; vd;w ngz;Zk; md;id njNurhtplk; fd;dpahfr; NrHe;jhH. ,tH jd; ngaiu n`H&l; vd;W khw;wpf; nfhz;lhH. ,tHfs; ,UtUNk md;id njNurhTf;F Muk;gfhyj;jpy; tyJ> ,lJ fuk; Nghy; gzpahw;wpa ,isa Gwhf;fs;. mjw;Fg; gpd;dH rNfhjhp Nlhuj;jpAk;> rNfhjhp khHfnwl; NkhpAk; te;J gzpf;fsj;jpy; ItuhapdH. vd;Nd GJik! gj;J khjq;fs; flg;gjw;Fs;NsNa gj;Jf; fd;dpaHfs; te;J md;idAld; ,ize;jdH.

,jidf; fz;L gpukpj;j Nfhk]; mtHfs;> ,jpy; gj;Jg; NgH jq;FtJ jHk rq;flk; vd vz;zp> %d;whtJ khbapYs;s xU gFjpiaAk; nfhLj;jhH. mq;Nf mtHfs; jkf;Fj; Jizahf ew;fUiz ehjiug; gPlNkw;wp tzq;fp te;jdH. 1949 Mf];L 16k; ehs; Xuhz;L ghprPyidf; fhyk; Kbe;J tpl;lJ. ,dp md;id njNurh jd; gzpapd; vjpHfhyk; gw;wp xU KbT vLj;jhf Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ gioagb nyhnul;Nlh klj;Jf;Fj; jpUk;Gtjh? md;Nwy; Gjpa rigapd; ghijiaj; njhlHtjh? ,tw;wpy; VjhtJ xd;iwj; NjHe;njLj;Jg; NguhaUf;F mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiyg;ghL...............

34


njhlq;fpa gzpapy; Njhy;tp te;jhYk;> njhy;iyfs; NeHe;jhYk;> Vw;W Kd; nry;Ntd; vd;w kdTWjpapy;> vy;yhk; ,iwtd; rpj;jj;jpd;gb gzp nra;a tpUk;Gtjhf mwptpj;jhH. ,Nj rkak; md;id njNurhTf;F ,e;jpaf; FbAhpikAk; fpilj;jJ. ,dp ,e;jpa kz;zpy; risf;fhj gzp nra;a vt;tpj jilAkpy;iy. jdJ gzpj;jsj;ij tphpT gLj;jTk;> Ntz;batplj;jpy; fpisfisg; gug;gTk; rpj;jk; nfhz;lhH. gzpj;jsj;jpd; vy;yhr; rl;l jpl;lq;fisAk; tiue;J gq;Fj; je;ijA+lhfg; NguhaUf;F mDg;gp itj;jhH.

mjpNy fw;G> Vo;ik> fPo;g;gbjy; vd;fpw %d;W thHj;ijg;ghLfSld;> Kjd; Kiwahf ViofSf;F KOkdJld;> ,ytr Nrit Ghpjy;> vd;fpw ehd;fhtJ thHj;ijg;ghL xd;iwAk; tifg;gLj;jpf; Fwpj;jpUe;jhH. mijg; NguhaH epiyak; mq;fPfhpj;J> ,e;jr; rigia caHj;jpaJ. ,e;j md;gpd; gzpahsH rig 1950k; Mz;L xf;NlhgH khjk; 7k; ehs; 12k; gj;jpdhjH vd;w Gdpj ghg;gurhpd; mq;fpfhuk; ngw;W tpsq;fpaJ. md;W fhiy fy;fj;jh NguhaH> md;id jq;fpapUe;j ,y;yj;jpd; rpw;wiwapy; eilngw;w jpUg;gypapd; gpd; ghg;gurhpd; mq;fPfhuf; fbjk; thd; vf;rk; mbfshuhy; thrpf;fg;gl;L> md;id njNurhtplk; toq;fg;gl;lJ. mg;gj;jpuj;jpy; ,e;jr; rig> md;gpd; gzpahsH rig [Missionaries of Charity]vd miof;fg;gLk;. ,jd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fk; efuq;fspYk;> fpuhkq;fspYk; thOk;> kpfTk; Vio vspa kf;fs;> Mjutw;NwhH>njhONehahsH> ,wf;Fk; jUthapy; ,Ug;NghH> ,tHfSf;F> ,ytr> gzp GhptjhFk; vd;W ,Ue;jJ. ,jidg; ngw;w md;idapd; fz;fspy; fz;zPH nrhhpa ,jak; Gsfhq;fpjk; mile;jtuhdhH.

35


md;id gzpapd; tphpthf;fk;

1. epHky; `pUja; ,wg;NghH ,y;yk ;

tho;e;J Kbe;j tNahjpg cs;sq;fnsy;yhk;> filrpf; fhyj;jpyhtJ md;ghd mutizg;gpy;> mikjpahf> epk;kjpahd epiyapy; fz;%l khl;Nlhkh? vd;W fyq;fp apUe;jdH. ,g;gb Mjutw;w epiyapy;>MWjy; NjLk; Mapuf; fzf;fhd Md;khf;fSf;F> NjWjy; jUfpd;w nja;tPf $lhue;jhd; epHky; `pUja;. J}a;ikahd ,jak; vd;gJ mjd; nghUshFk;. md;id fd;dpaH klj;ij tpl;L xU ehs; ntspNa te;j rkak;> mtH njUtpy; fz;l Nfhuf;fhl;rp md;id njNurhtpd; ,jaj;ijg; gjwr; nra;J tpl;lJ. XH mehijahd mk;kh> rhf;fil Xuj;jpy; gLj;Jf; fple;jhs;. mtuJ cliy vWk;GfSk;> vypfSk; mhpj;J tpl;l epiyapy;> capH kl;LNk Cryhbf; nfhz;bUe;jijf; fz;lhH.

Image:HomeForTheDying-Calcutta.jpg

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:HomeForTheDying-Calcutta.jpg

36


Mz;ltd; gilj;j capH ,g;gbg; ghpjhgkhf kuzpg;gjh? vd kdk; nehe;J> mtuJ cliyj; J}f;fpr; Rke;J nrd;W> kUj;Jt kidapy; rpfpr;ir mspf;ff; Nfl;lhH. kUj;JtH rpfpr;ir mspf;f kWj;jdH. tplhg;gpbahf mt Nfl;L nfQ;rp epw;Fk; neQ;rj;jpw;F mQ;rpr; rpfpr;ir nra;J fhg;ghw;wpdH. ,g;gb vj;jidNah capHfs; gpiog;gjw;F md;id vLj;Jf; nfhz;l Kaw;rpfs; Vuhsk;. mt;tg;NghJ fpilj;j mtkjpg;Gf;fSk; jhuhsk;. Viofl;F ,uq;Fk; <ukdk; gilj;Njhiuj; NjLtjpy; gpur;ridfSk; Njhd;whkypy;iy. Mdhy;> ,g;gbg;gl;ltHfSf;F kuzkhtJ epk;kjpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfr; Nrhpapy; xU Fbiria thliff;F vLj;jhH;. ,we;j gpd; mtHfis mlf;fk; nra;ag; gy gzpfisAk; Nkw;nfhz;lhH.

rhf;fil Xuq;fspy; ,g;gbg;gl;l mehijfs;> mgiyfs; tpyq;Ffisg; Nghy ,we;J Nghfpw epiyia khw;WtNj jdJ Kjw;gzp vd;fpw Nehf;fj;Jld; nraw;gl;lhH. ,we;J NghFk; epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; gyiu mjpy; jq;f itj;jhH. ,uz;L tUlq;fspy; me;j ,lj;jpy; gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gl;lJ. mjd; gpd; khefuhl;rp Rfhjhu mjpfhhp lhf;lH mfkJ vd;gtNuhL njhlHG nfhz;lhH. fhsp Nfhapypd; maypy; ,uz;L jHk rhiyfis 1952 Mf];L 22y; ngw;W> mLj;j 24 kzp Neuj;jpy; me;jr; Nrhpg; gFjpapy;> ,wf;Fk; epiyapy; iftplg;gl;NlhH midtiuAk;> mUl; rNfhjhpfs; JizAld; nfhz;Lte;J NrHj;jhH.

gzpfs; ey;ygbahf ele;Njwpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ ,isQHfSk;> Nfhtpw; G+rhhpfSk; fhsp Nfhapypd; gf;fj;jpNy fHj;jhpd; gzpahl;fsh? ,J $lNt $lhJ vd;W fw;fis tPrp md;idiaf; nfhy;yg; Nghtjhfg; gaKWj;jpdH. md;id> ,y;yj;jpw;F ntspNa te;J nfhy;y Ntz;Lkhdhw; nfhd;W tpLq;fs;. Mdhy;> filrpf; fhyj;jpy; ftiyapy;yhkw; fz;%l Maj;jg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,e;j Md;khf;fis mikjpahfr; rhf tpLq;fs; vd;W nrhd;dhH.

37


,ijf; Nfl;l mj;jid NgUk; mikjpahfg; Ngha; tpl;lhHfs;. MapDk; gzpapd; Muk;gj;jpNyNa ,j;jifa vjpHg;G vd;why;> jd;Dila jiyikg; gPlk; jd; gzpf;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itj;J tpLNkh vd;w gaj;jpdhy;> mUl; je;ij thd; vf;rk; mbfshUld; njhlHG nfhz;L MNyhrpf;fyhdhH. fhtw;JiwapdhplKk; mwptpj;jdH.

mjd; gpd; XusT vjpHg;G Fiwe;jhYk; fhq;fpu]; jiytH %yk; mtHfis tpul;l Maj;jk; ele;jJ. te;jtH $l;lj;jpdUld; te;J> epfo;r;rpfisf; fz;lJk; mtH kdk; khwp tpl;lJ. kjq;fisf; fle;J rhjpfisf; fle;J kdpjid Nerpf;fpw kfj;jhd xU gzpf;fsj;ij mg;Gwg;gLj;jth ehd; te;Njd;? vd kdk; tUe;jpdhH. vq;Nfh gpwe;J vq;Nfh tsHe;J ek; ehl;L kf;fspd;> mJTk; mOfpf; fplf;fpw kdpjHfspd; Gz;fisf; fOtpg; Gdpjg;gLj;Jk; gzpapy; ,Ug;gtHfisah tpul;LtJ? vd;W xU fzk; Nahrpj;jhH. jd;id mioj;J te;j $l;lj;jpdiu Nehf;fp ,e;jf; fd;dpaHfis tpul;Ltjw;fh vd;id mioj;J te;jPHfs;? mij ehd; kWf;ftpy;iy Mdhy; cq;fs; jha;khH> rNfhjhpfs; ,Nj gzpiar; nra;tjhf ,Ue;jhy; ehd; ,tHfis ,q;fpUe;J mfw;wj; jahH vd;whH. midtUk; gjpy; $w KbahJ fiye;J nrd;wdH.

ehsiltpy; fhsp Nfhapy; G+rhhp xUtUf;Nf ,e;j ,wg;NghH ey ,y;yk; epHky; `pUja; epoy; nfhLj;J mikjpahf mDg;gpaJ vd;gJ tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;G. mjd; vy;yhg; ghfq;fspypUe;Jk; mjpfhhpfs;> mYtyHfs; midtUNk rhff; fplf;fpwtHfis ,e;j ,y;yj;jpw;F mDg;gj; njhlq;fpdH. md;id njNurh njhlq;fpa ,e;j Kjw;gzp ,d;W cd;dj gzpahf cUf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ,g;gzp ,g;Ngh cyfpy; 35 ehLfspy; tpahgpj;Js;sik kfj;jhd md;Gg;gzpay;yth.

38


2. njhO NehahsH ,y;yk;

md;id njNurh nra;J te;j mUl;gzpfspy; mLj;j fl;lg; gzp njhO Nehahspfisg; guhkhpf;Fk; gzpahFk;. ,J kdpjid kdpj Neak; nfhs;s kWf;Fk; khngUk; Neha;. ghjp Nkdpapy; kPjp tho;f;ifia elj;Jk; kdpjg; gpwtpfs;. cw;whH> cwtpdHfshYk;> r%fj;jhYk; cjwpj; js;sg;gl;l Cdg; gpwtpfs;. ,tHfisj; njhl;Lj; J}f;fpf; fOTfpd;w Njhoik ahUf;F tUk;. md;idapd; kdk; xU Nehahy; nehbe;J NghFk; kdpjd; mk;kdpjd; ftdpg;ghuw;W cjhrPdg;gLj;Jk; epiy ,tw;iwj; jhq;f KbahJ jtpj;jJ. mjd; gadhf epHky; `pUja; ,y;yj;jpd; xU gFjp njhO NehahsUf;nfd xJf;fg;gl;lJ.

njhlUe;J> NgUe;J epiyaq;fs; rhiyfspy; gpr;irj; njhopyhy; gpiog;G elj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;j njhO NehahspfSf;fhf> 1952y; ,Ue;J Kaw;rpj;J> 1959y; NguhaH nghpaH mtHfshy; njhO Neha; kUj;Jt kid `Tuhtpy; jpwe;J itf;fg;gl;lJ.

,tHfSf;F kdKte;J njhz;L nra;a ngz;fs; ,af;fq;fs; gytw;Wf;F md;id njNurh miog;G tpLj;jhH. mNefH te;J NrHe;jdH. me;jf; $l;lq;fSf;nfy;yhk; Md; g;nsf;fP mk;ikahH jiyik jhq;fpdhH. ,tH ViofSf;F ,uq;Fk; RghtKilatH. rhe;jp efH cUthtjw;F Cd;W Nfhyhf ,Ue;jtUk; ,tNu. gpd;dH Nkhl;b[pypy; ,uz;lhtJ njhO Neha; ,y;yk; mikf;fg; gl;lJ. fy;fj;jh efhpypUe;J 200 iky; njhiytpy; cs;s bl;lhf;$H vd;Dk; ntl;lntsp ikjhdkhf ,Ue;j 34 Vf;fH epyj;ij> tq;fj;jpd; Kjy;tuhd gp.rp uhaplkpUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhH. mJ njhO NehahsH FbapUg;Gf;fhfNt NjHe;J nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

39


md;idatHfs; tPLfs; fl;Ljw;Fhpa epjpiaAk; fy;fj;jh kf;fsplNk> kfspH ,af;fq;fs; %ykhfj; jpul;bdhH. ,d;W me;j ,lk; 200 FbapUg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;L rhe;jp efH vd;W ngaH ngw;wJ.

jw;NghJ fhe;jp[p gpNuk; epth]; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. njhlf;f epiyj; njhO NehahsH xU gFjp> Kw;wpg; Nghd njhO NehahsH xU gFjp> Neha; ePq;fpf; FzkhdtH xU gFjp vdg; gphpf;fg;gl;ldH.

,e;j %d;whk; gphptpdUf;Fj;jhd; gy Fbirj; njhopy;fs; > gha; gpd;Djy;> nghk;ik nra;jy;> fapW jphpj;jy; Nghd;w ifj;njhopy;fspy; gapw;rp mspf;fg;gl;lJ. mit mbg;gilj; Njitfisg; G+Hj;jp nra;tjw;Fhpa tUtha; ngw cjtpaJ.

md;id ntWk; Neha;fisf; Fzg;gLj;JtNjhL mikahJ> vjpHfhy tho;Tf;Fk; Vw;wk; epiwe;j ghijia mikj;Jf; nfhLf;Fk; ghitahfTk; tpsq;fpdhH. njhO NehahsHfl;Nf tUthaPl;Lk; topfshd nrq;fw;#is> ghw;gz;iz> mr;Rf;$lk; vd xt;nthU njhopyhf Muk;gpj;jhH.

,tuJ gzpiaAk;> eilKiwg; guhkhpg;igAk; ghHj;J mfpyNk mre;J Nghapw;W.

40


3. epHky; rpRgtd; (Foe;ijfs; fhg;gfk;)

ngw;wtHfis ,oe;j NgijfisAk;> Fg;igapw; fplf;Fk; Foe;ijfisAk; fy;fj;jhtpy; epiwaf; fhzyhk;. fhuzk; tWikf;Nfhl;bdhy; Vw;gLk; gpioahd tho;tpy; gpurtpj;j Foe;ijfs;> tsHf;f Kbahky; Fg;igfspy; tPrg;gLk; Foe;ijfs;> gphpe;J nrd;w fztHfshYk;> jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhz;l jha;khuhYk; mehijahf;fg;gl;l Foe;ijfs;> kUj;Jt kidapypUe;J epuhjuthf nfhz;L tug;gl;l Foe;ijfs;> KOtsHr;rpailahj Foe;ijfs; vd mNef ghpjhg epiyahd Foe;ijfis md;idapd; rpRgtdpy; fhzKbAk;.

md;id njNurh Foe;ijfisg; guhkhpf;Fk; gzpiaj; jd; gzpfspy; Kf;fpakhd xd;whff; fUjpdhH. jha; klj;Jf;Fg; gf;fj;jpNyNa ,uz;L khbfisf; nfhz;l xU nghpa tPl;il thliff;F vLj;jhH. mjw;F epHky; rpRgtd; vd;W ngahpl;lhH.

1953k; Mz;L ngg;uthp khjk; 15k;ehspw;whd; rpRgtDf;F Kjw;Foe;ij nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. rpRgtd; %d;W gphpTfshfg; gphpf;fg;gl;Lg; guhkhpf;fg; gLfpwJ %d;W khjj;Jf;F Fiwthd gps;isfs; xU gphptpYk;> Neha; nehbfshy; nehe;J tUe;Jk; Foe;ijfs; xU gphptpYk;> jha; je;ijahpd; md;G ,y;yhJ kdNehahYk; cly;NehahYk; gPbf;fg;gl;l Foe;ijfs; xU gphptpYkhf itj;Jg; guhkhpf;fg; gLfpwhHfs;. ,uTk; gfYk; fd;dpaHfs; Xahky; cldpUe;J ghHj;Jf; nfhs;SfpwhHfs;.

41


jdJ mutizg;gpy; tsHe;j ,tHfSf;F> md;idapd; cjLfs; tpijj;j md;G Kj;jq;fs;> me;jf; Foe;ijfspd; tho;f;ifia tskhf;Fk; Vzpg;gbfshapd vd;gij vtUk; kWf;fNth> kiwf;fNth KbahJ. ,jw;Fr; rhjid gilf;Fk; rhjdhtpd; tuyhw;iwf; NfSq;fs;.

rhjdh rpWkpahf ,Ue;j NghJ jha; fz;iz %b tpl;lhs;. ,uz;lhk; jhia Vw;ghL nra;jhd; jfg;gd;. mts; jhay;y> Ngapd; ];jhdj;ijg; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;lts;. jfg;gd; rhjdhit njhlUe;J epiyaj;Jf;Ff; $l;br; nrd;W ,dpg;G thq;fpf; nfhLj;J tpl;L khakhf kiwe;J tpl;lhd;.

,uT gfyha; mg;ghtpd; tuitr; rhjdh vjpH ghHj;Jf; fhj;jpUe;jhs;. mOj Fuy; mlq;Fk; Ntisapy;> mUl; rNfhjhpfspd; fz;zpy; mfg;gl;L tpl;lhs;. rpRgtdpy; NrHf;fg;gl;Lr; nry;yf; Foe;ijahf tsHe;jhs;. tdg;gile;J> tho;f;iff;Fk; jahuhdhs;. jd;id Mjhpj;j ,y;yj;Jf;F ed;wp $wpg; GJtho;tpw;Fj; jpUk;gpdhs;. mtSf;Fj; jpUkzk; Kbj;J itj;Jr; rNfhjhpfshNyNa tho;tjw;F tPLk; xd;W fl;bf; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.

,e;j rpRgtid gphpj;jhdpa Kbf;Fhpa ,sturH rhHs;]; mtHfSk; tUif je;J ghHitapl;Lg; ghuhl;L njhptpj;Jr; nrd;wJ ngUikf;FhpaJ.

42


Foe;ij ,y;yj;Jr; Rthpy; fhz;gJ

epidj;Jg; ghHj;J Neuj;ij xJf;Fk; nrgj;Jf;nfd;W rpy kzpj; Jspfs; rphpg;Gf;nfd;W Fwpg;gpLk; Neuk; Mw;wypd; Cw;W mq;Fjhd; cz;L. ty;yikr; rpfuk; tsUk; ,lk; mJ. Md;k tPizapd; ,d;dpir ,JNt tpisahblTk; Ntz;Lk; Neuk; md;G fhl;bl md;G ngw;wpl vd;Wk; Neuk; ,ilapy; xJf;Fk; nfhLg;gjw;nfd;Wk; Neuk; Fwpg;gpLk; epj;jpa ,sikapd; tpj;Jf;fs; ,itjhd; ,iwtd; mspj;j ,izapyh chpik jd;eyk; fhf;f ,d;W Neuk; ,y;iy. thrpf;f vd;W tFj;jpLk; Neuk; md;Gld; gof mjw;nfd Neuk; gzpfs; GhpaTk; gad; jUk; Neuk; Qhdj;jpd; Cw;W Nkhdj;jpy; njhpAk;. Mde;j tPjpapd; milahsk; ,JNt. ntw;wpapd; tPizAk; tpiyAk; ,Jjhd; md;Gg; gzpf;Fk; ,d;gkha; Neuk; Nghpd;g tPl;bd; jpwT Nfhy; ,JNt.

W.Y.A.H.C

43


kdtsHr;rp Fd;wpa> CdKw;w Foe;ijfisg; guhkhpg;gjw;F vd "lk;lk" ; tpkhd epiyaj;Jf; fUNf "epHky;

nfd;db ikak" ; xd;W jpwf;fg;gl;lJ.

,g;gbNa fy;fj;jhtpy; jtwpg;Nghd ngz;fs;> kzkhfhj jha;khH ,tHfspd; ,Ul;L tho;f;iffs; mjpfk; cz;L. mg;gbg;gl;l mOf;Ftho;f;ifapy; mOe;jpg; NghdtHfl;Fk; md;idapd; rig guhkhpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ,g;gbahd mehij mikg;Gf; FO ,d;W cyflq;fpYk; jpwf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,J jhd; md;id njNurhtpd; cz;ikahd ,yl;rpa ntspg;ghL. ,e;jg; gzpf;fsq;fshy; risf;fhJ gzp nra;J kd epiwT fhZk; ,r;rigapdH Nrit vk; midtHf;Fk; tpag;igj; jUfpwJ my;yth?

4. fy;tpg;gzp. md;id jdJ tho;ehl;fspy; Vwj;jho 17 Mz;Lfs; fy;tpg;gzpAld; tho;e;jtH. ve;jr; Nrhp kf;fspd; mtyj;ijf;fz;L> fy;tpg;gzpia cjwp tpl;L ntspNawp te;jhNuh> me;j kf;fsplk; jd; ,jaj;ijg; gwp nfhLj;J> mtHfSf;fhfj; njhlq;fpa Kjw;Nrit fy;tpr;Nrit jhd;. Kd;dH ehk; Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghy kuj;jbapy; Ie;J gps;isfNshL Muk;gpj;J> tq;fnkhopapd; Kjy; vOj;Jf;fis jiuapy; vOjpf; fhl;ba jahs Fzk; gilj;j ek; md;id njNurh> njhlH Kaw;rpapdhy; xU Fbiria thliff;F vLj;J 1958 ,NyNa 200 khztkhztpfs; mf;Fbirapy; $btpl;ldH.

44


khefu Ml;rpapd; fUizapdhy; Ngr; Ngfd; vd;w ,lj;jpy; xU njhlf;f gs;spAk;> njhlHe;J fy;fj;jhtpd; Rw;Wg;Gwq;fspy; 14 gs;spf;$lq;fSk; jpwf;fg;gl;ld. "lhg;gh" vDk; ,lj;jpy; njhO Nehahshpd; gps;isfSf;fhfg; gjpide;jhtJ gs;spf;$lKk; jpwf;fg;gl;lJ.

tho;f;ifj; juj;ij caHj;Jk; fy;tpg; gzpapy; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLtjw;fhfg; gy fd;dpaHfis Mrphpa gapw;rpf;F Maj;jg;gLj;jpg; gzpf; fsj;ij NkYk; tphpTgLj;jpdhH. "lhg;gh" > "bl;lh$H" Nghd;w gFjpfSf;Fj; njhO Neha;r; rpfpr;irfSf;fhf elkhLk; kUj;JtkidiaAk; Vw;gLj;jpdhH.

rig mq;fPfhuk; ngw;w ,uz;Nl Mz;Lfspy; rigg; gzpfs; mjpfhpj;jd. rigf; fd;dpaH njhifAk; 28 Mf caHe;jJ. ikf;fy; Nfhk]pd; ,y;yKk; Nghjpajhf ,y;iy. md;id nghpa tPL xd;W Njl Muk;gpj;j Ntis> mnkhpf;fh nrd;W tpl;Lj; jhafk; jpUk;gpf;nfhz;bUe;j fHjpdhy; ];ngy;kd; mtHfs; topapd; md;idapd; gzpfisAk;> ,Ug;gplq;fisAk; ghHj;Jr; nry;y te;jhH. ,t;tsT rpwpa ,lj;jpypUe;jh ,g;nghpa gzpfis Nkw; nfhs;Sfpd;wPH vd;W tpae;jhH. fy;fj;jh Nguhaiur; re;jpj;J mtHfSf;F xU nghpa ,lk; Vw;ghL nra;Ak;gb ghpe;Jiu nra;J tpl;Lr; nrd;whH.

md;Nw tPL NjLk; glyk; Muk;gkhdJ. je;ij thd; vf;rk; mbfshUk;> je;ij [_ypad; n`d;wp mbfshUk; ,ize;J nraw;gl;ldH. je;ij thd; vf;rk; mbfshhpd; K];ypk; ez;gH [dhg; ,];yhk; vd;gtH fl;bapUe;j ghhpa tPl;il 1>20>000 &gh nfhLj;J thq;fpdhH. ,J NyhtH rHf;FyH tPjpapy; 54A apy; mike;Js;sJ. 1953k; Mz;L ngg;uthpapy; FbNawpdH.

45


,JNt ,d;W tiu md;Gg; gzpahsH rigapd; jha; klkhfTk;> jiyikr; nrayfkhfTk; nraw;gLfpwJ. ,e;j ,y;yj;Jf;F "md;id ,y;yk" ; vd;W ngaH.

md;id ,y;yk; cUthd gpd;dH gy ,sk; ngz;fs; fd;dpauhfpg; gzp nra;a Kd;te;jdH. md;id ,y;yj;jpy; mbg;gilj; JwTg; gapw;rp eilngWk;. et re;epahr rigj; Jwtpfs; nts;isg; GlitfisNa cLj;JtH. ,Wjp thHj;ijg;ghL vLj;j gpd; %d;W ePyf; NfhL nfhz;l Nriyfis cLj;JtH.

cynfyhk; cs;s md;gpd; gzpahsH rigf;F Ntz;ba Nriyfs; midj;Jk; njhO Neha; epthuz ,y;yj;jpYs;s NehahspfshNyNa nea;ag; gLfpd;wd. rigapdH mt;tsT vspikahd tho;f;ifia Nkw;nfhs;Sfpd;wdH.

rNfhjhpfs; gzpGhpa kf;fspilNa nry;Yk; NghJ> vtH tPl;bYk; czT kl;Lky;y jz;zPH $l mUe;jf; $lhJ vd;gJ rigapd; fz;bg;ghd fl;lis. fd;dpaHfspd; rpw;whyaq;fspy; ,Uf;iffs; fpilahJ. mNjNghyg; gLf;ifAk; jiuapy; jhd;. kpd; tprpwp Nghd;w rYiffSk; ,y;iy.

46


,e;jj; jha; klj;jpd; fhy ml;ltiz jhd; vy;yh md;gpd; gzpahsH rigapd; fhy ml;ltizAkhFk;.

fhiy 4.40 : fz; tpopf;Fk; Neuk gpd;dH fhiyj;jpahdk;.

fhiy 6.00 :

jpUg;gyp mjd; gpd; jq;fs; cilfisr; Rj;jk; nra;jy;> mj;NjhL xt;nthU fd;dpaUk; jq;fs; nghWg;gpYs;s Nehahspfs;> tNahjpgHfs;> Foe;ijfs; Jzpfis Rj;jk; nra;jy;.

fhiy 7.30 : fhiy czT.

:

mjd; gpwF jq;fSf;F Fwpf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fSf;F> ,UtH ,Utuhfg; gzpGhpag; Gwg;gLjy;> rpyH gs;spf;$lq;fs;> rpyH rpRgtd;> rpyH KjpNahH ,y;yk; vdr; nry;tH. jdpg; gapw;rp ngw;wtH kl;LNk njhO NehahsHfisf; ftdpf;fr; nry;tH.

khiy 6.00 :

jha; klk; jpUk;Gjy;> njhlHe;J jq;fisr; Rj;jk; nra;jy;. fhuzk;> Nehahspfs; kj;jpapy; gzpGhptjhy; njhw;W Neha;f; fpUkpfs; tuhky; jLf;f vr;rhpf;if. gpwF xU kzpNeuk; gpuhHj;jid.

,uT 8.00 :

,uT czT gpwF Xa;T Neuk;> Xa;T Kbe;j nghOjpy; nghJg;gpuhHj;jid. me;j Neuj;jpw;whd; md;iwf;Fj; jhq;fs; nra;j gzpfis epidj;J ed;wp nrYj;JtH.

,uT 10.00 :

cwq;fr; nry;Yjy;. md;id njNurh kl;Le;jhd; mjd; gpwF tpopj;jpUe;J vy;yhf; fbjq;fSf;Fk; gzpj;jsq;fl;Fk; jd;ifg;glf; fbjk; vOjp mjd; gpd; cwq;fr; nry;thH.

47


md;gpd; gzpia md;id cyfwpar; nra;jhH

md;id Muk;gpj;j "md;gpd; gzpahsH rig"fy;fj;jh Mahpd; fz;fhzpg;gpNyNa ,Jtiu nraw;gl;lJ. ,g;gzpfisj; njhlq;Ftjw;Fg; ghg;gurhpd; mq;fPfhuk; Njit. mJ ngw;w gpd;dNu ntspehLfspy; gzpfisj; njhlq;fyhk;. ,e;j chpikiag; ngWtjw;Ff; Fiwe;jJ 10 Mz;L fhyk; fhj;jpUe;J> ew;gzpfspy; gapw;rp ngw;whf Ntz;Lk;. ,f;fhy tiuaiw KbTw;wjhy;> md;id fy;fj;jh NguhaH topahf> cNuhikapYs;s Jwtw rigf; FOf;fspd; jiytUf;F tpz;zg;gpj;jhH. Vnddpy; ,e;jpah cl;glg; gy ntspehLfspYkpUe;J gzp njhlq;f Ntz;b miog;Gfs; te;J nfhz;bUe;jd. 1959y; uhQ;rpapYk;> nly;ypapYk; ,U fpisfis epWtpapUe;jhH. 1960y; md;idf;F mnkhpf;fh nry;y tha;g;nghd;W fpilj;jJ. mnkhpf;fhtpy; yh]; Ntf]; vd;w efhpy> kfspH Njrpa kfhehl;by; fye;J nfhz;lhH.

mjpy; jdJ gzpiaAk;> gzpf;fsj;jpidAk; gw;wp> mtw;wpd; Mo mfyq;fisAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;br; rpwg;Giu epdo;j;jpdhH. ciuiaf;Nfl;l kf;fspd; neQ;rk; nefpo;e;J mtiuAk;> mtuJ gzpfisAk; kfpo;e;J Nghw;wpdH. mq;fpUe;J ,y;ypeha;]; khepyj;jpYs;s ngNahhpah efUf;Fr; nrd;whH. mq;Fs;s kf;fisr; re;jpj;J jha;Nra; eyj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf Vw;fdNt mtHfsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhz;l cjtpfl;fhf ed;wp $wpdhH. me;j cjtpfl;Ff; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jtH> md;idapd; cld; ciog;ghsH rigiar; NrHe;j va;yPd; <fd; vd;gtuhthH. ,tH jhd; 1958y; ele;j ngNahhpah kfspH khehl;by; md;idapd; Nritia vLj;Jf; $wp mk; kf;fspd; cs;sj;ij cUf itj;J> cjtpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jtH.

48


Rtpw;rHyhe;J nrd;W> tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; rNfhjhp me;jpNuahtpd; ngw;NwhHfs; jdf;fhff; fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jijf; fz;L mtHfSlDk; ciuahbdhH. me;efhpy; md;idf;Fg; nghpa tuNtw;Gk;> N[Hkd; khHf; 1>50>000 njhifAk; md;gspg;ghff; fpilj;jd.

mq;fpUe;J cNuhikf;Fr; nrd;W jpUj;je;ij 23k; mUsg;giur; re;jpf;f Kad;Wk; Kbahikahy;> jiyikg; gPlj;jpd; fUjpdhyplk; jkJ rigapd; rl;ljpl;l Mtzq;fis xg;gilj;jhH. fUjpdhy; mtw;iw myrp Muha;e;j gpd; mjpfhuG+Ht mwpf;ifia tpiutpy; mDg;gp itg;gjhff; $wpdhH.

mjd; gpd;dH tuyhw;W kpf;f rpwg;nghd;W epfo;e;jJ. mjhtJ> Vw;fdNt ehL flj;jg;gl;L njd; ,j;jhyp ehl;by; tho;e;j mz;zd; yhrUf;F> md;id njNurh te;j epfo;r;rp mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. Vwj;jho 30 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd;dH re;jpg;gJ vt;tsT rpwg;ghdJ. mz;zd; yhrH> kidtp khpah> 10 taJ kfs; M[pAld; re;jpj;J Mde;jf; fz;zPH ky;fpdH. md;id njNurh jd; jhiaAk; mf;fhitAk; fhz Mtyhf ,Ue;Jk; mJ if$ltpy;iy. mtHfs; my;Ngdpah ehl;by; ijwhdhtpy; tho;e;J te;jhHfs;. mtHfisr; re;jpj;J ciuahLtjw;Fk; tprh ngWtjw;Fk; vLj;j Kaw;rpfs; tPzhapd. mk;khTf;F taJ 81. mtHfs; gphpe;J 30 tUlq;fSf;F NkyhfpwJ. jha; xU kz;zpYk;> kfs; xU kz;zpYk; gphpj;J itf;fg;gl;l ghpjhgepiy. Mapuf;fzf;fhd mehijfs;> Mjutw;NwhUf;Fj; jhahf tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,e;j md;id njNurhTf;F> jd; jhiag; ghHg;gjw;F KbahjpUf;fpwJ. gythW Kaw;rpj;Jk; filrpapy;> jhahH jpuhdhtplkpUe;J te;j fbjk; kl;LNk fpilj;jJ. mjpy;> "kfNs ehk; kz;zpy; re;jpf;fhtpl;lhYk;> fz;bg;ghf tpz;zpy; re;jpg;Nghk" ;. vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ. fdj;j Nrhfj;NjhL fbjj;ijr; Rke;J nfhz;L> fy;fj;jh te;J NrHe;jhs; md;id.

49


md;idapd; ntspehl;Lg; gazk;> xU Gwk; kdkfpo;itAk; kW Gwk; kdf;ftiyiaAk; nfhLj;jhYk; > mts; jd; gzpfspw; nfhQ;rq; $lg; gpd;dilatpy;iy. gQ;rhg; khepyj;jpy; mk;ghyh vDk; ,lj;jpYk; gPfhH gfy;G+hpYk; ,y;yq;fs; epWtg;gl;ld. 1962y; mkuhtjpapy; Gjpa fpisia epWtpdhH. 1962y; jpUj;je;ij 23k; mUsg;guhy; $l;lg;gl;l tHj;jpf;fhd; rq;fKk; md;idapd; gzpf;F tha;g;gha; mike;jJ. ,jpw; re;jpj;j MaHfs; fye;Jiuahbagpd; NguhaH ehf;]; mtHfs; md;id njNurhtpd; rigf;F mq;fPfhuk; toq;fpdhH. ,jw;F ed;wpf; fldhf> fy;fj;jhtpy; tUtha;f;fhf Ntiy ghHf;Fk; khztHf;F Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l khiy Neu caH epiyg; gs;spf;F> NguhaH ehf;]; vd;w ngaiuNa #l;bdhH.

1963y; ghl;dhtpYk; kj;jpa gpuNjrj;jpYs;s vapfhhpYk; Gjpa gzpj;jsq;fs; jpwf;fg;gl;ld. 1964y; NtW ehd;F fpisfSk; jpwf;fg;gl;ld. ,g;gbahf ,kak; njhlf;fk; Fkhp tiu> md;idapd; rig MytpUl;rkhf mfy epd;wJ. Mdhy; ,tw;iw cUthf;Ftjpy; md;id re;jpj;j ,d;dy;fs; Vuhsk;. kdk; ntJk;gpa ,lJ rhhpfs; "tHj;jpf;fhDf;fhfr; nraw;gLk; xU tpsk;gu epWtdNk kp]dhp]; xg; \hpb [missionaries of charity]" vd;W fLikahf tpkHrpj;jdH. ve;j tpkHrdq;fSk; md;idapd; gzpfisg; gzpa itf;ftpy;iy. NkYk; tsHr;rpNa mile;jJ.

fy;fj;jh tPjpfspy; xU ehs; ifNae;jp cjtpfisg; ngw;W te;j md;id njNurh> ngUk; nry;te;jH xUthpd; tPl;bd; Kd; cjtp Nfhl;L epd;whH. Kd;ndhUehs; md;idAk;> mtH rhHe;j fd;dpaHfSk; mUtUg;ghd mOf;F kdpjHfSf;F kj;jpapy; Ntiy nra;tij Vsdkhfg; ghHj;jtH> ,g;nghOJ mNj md;idAk; rNfhjhpfSk; ,U fuk; ePl;b epw;gijf; fz;lJk; md;idapd; fuq;fspy; fhwp ckpo;e;Jtpl;lhH.

50


md;idNah vr;rpiyf; iffSf;Fs; %bf;nfhz;L ,J vdf;Fg; NghJk; vdJ ViofSf;F VjhtJ nfhLq;fs; vd;whH. nry;te;jH mg;gbNa mjpHe;J NghdhH. md;idapd; fhypy; tpOe;J kd;dpg;Gf; Nfl;lhH. md;Gg; gzpapd; kfj;Jtj;ij czHe;J nry;tj;ij thhp toq;fpdhH. ,g;gb epfo;Tfs; Vuhsk;> Vuhsk;.

md;idapd; Nritia cyfk; mwpe;jJ> cw;Wg;ghHf;fj; njhlq;fpaJ> cjtpf;fuq;fs; ePl;lg;gl;ld. md;gpw;fhf mOfpd;w Mapuf; fzf;fhd Md;khf;fis mutizj;J mHg;gzpj;J tho;e;j md;id njNurh gw;wpAk;> mtH Mw;wpa risf;fhj r%fg;gzpfs; gw;wpAk; vOJtjw;Fg; nghONjNghjhJ.

1965 ngg;uthp Kjy; ehs; mjpfhuG+Htkhd mwpf;ifiaf; nfhLj;Jg; ghg;gurhpd; rHtNjr rig ahf mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;lJ. My tpUl;rkhf tsHe;jmd;gpd; gzpahsH rig ahdJ ,e;jpa vy;iyfisf; fle;j ehshfTk; me;ehs; mike;jJ.

gzptho;T fz;L G+hpg;gile;j md;idf;F 1972k; Mz;L [_iy khjk; 12k; ehsd;W mtuJ jhahH my;Ngdpahtpy; kuzkhd nra;jpAk; mwpaNeHe;jJ. ,r; nra;jp md;idf;F Mwhj;JaUk; khwhNtjidAk; nfhLj;jjhapDk; mtw;iw nksdkhf ,jaj;jpy; jhq;fpf; nfhz;lhH. Jd;gq;fs; njhlH rq;fpyp vd;gjw;nfhg;g 1975 Mf];L 25k; ehs; mf;fh MN[apd; kuzr;nra;jpAk; mwpaNeHe;jJ. md;idiaAk; mf;fhitAk; re;jpf;fhkNy rhpj;jpuk; fle;J tpl;lJ vdf;fyq;fpdhH. ve;jf; fyf;fKk; mtuJ gzpiag; gzakhf;ftpy;iy. Nrhfj;jpYk; NrhHtilahJ> gzpfisj ;njhlHe;J Nkw;nfhz;lhH. md;gpw;F cz;Nlh milf;Fe;jhs;. md;Ng midj;jpYk; jiy rpwe;jJ. mJ nghWikAs;sJ. jd;dyk; ehlhJ. ,Wkhg;G milahJ. kd cWjp jsuhjJ. ,t;tpj gz;Gfisf; nfhz;l md;idapd; vy;iyapy;yh md;G gf;fj;JizfisAk; ehbr;nrd;wJ.

51


J}agzpafj;jpd; gf;fj;J}z;fs;

1. rNfhjuHfs; rig

md;Gk;>; NritAk;> clw;$Wfshy; NtWgLtjpy;iy. 1963y; Muk;gkhfpa md;gpd; gzpahsH rig 15 Mz;Lfisf; fle;J tpl;ld. mUl;rNfhjhpfSf;fhfNt njhlq;fpa me;jr;rigNahL> Md;kPfNritkdg;ghd;ik nfhz;l MltH gyiuAk; xU fpisr;rigahf epWt md;id njNurh Mty; nfhz;lhH. mjw;fhd Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhz;lNghJ 1963 khHr; 25k; ehsd;W Nrit kdg;ghd;ik nfhz;l 12 NgH njhlf;fj;jpy; te;J NrHe;jdH. NguhaH my;gHl; b nrha;rh [Albert de zoysa], mUl;je;ij [_ypad; n`d;wp [Julian henry] MfpNahhpd; MrPNuhLk; mDkjpNahLk; ,r;rig Muk;gkhapw;W.

,tHfis topelj;j md;idatHfs; NaR rigf; FUthf ,Ue;j buhNtH]; Nghy; vd;gtiu epakpj;jhH. mtH rpykhjq;fspd; gpd; rigj;jiythpd; mDkjp ngw;W jdJ ngaiu Md;l;& vd khw;wpf;nfhz;lJld; gzpnra;aj; njhlq;fpdhH. Gjpa gzpf;fsk; Gjpacw;rhfj;Jld; Ntfkha;g; gutpaJ. rNfhjuHfspd; vz;zpf;if VO Mz;Lfspy; 86 Mf caHe;jJ. fplhg;G+H vDk; ,lj;jpy; thq;fpapUe;j 3 khbf; fl;blk; rNfhjuH rigapd; jha; klkhfpaJ. gPfhH> gk;gha;> Nfush vDk; ,lq;fspy; mike;jpUe;j klq;fs; tpal;ehk;> fk;Nghbah tiu gutyhapd. MapDk; tpal;ehk; murpay; rNfhjuH Md;l;&it ehl;il tpl;Lj; Juj;jpajhy; 1975y; rhe;jp efH njhONehahsH ,y;yk; Md;l;& mtHfs; jiyikapy; xg;gilf;fg;gl;lJ. mjd; gpd;dH ,e;epiyak; fhe;jp[P gpNuk; epth]; vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ.

52


mnkhpf;fhTf;Fk; ,r;Nrit tp];jhpf;fg;gl;L 70f;F Nkw;gl;l kUj;Jtkidfs; cUthapd. ,f;fhyj;jpy; n[ukp `hypq;fH jiyikapy; nyh]; V[;ry;]py; ,e;j ,y;yk; fl;bf;fhf;fg;gl;lJ.

mnkhpf;fhtpy; Vio kf;fsh mtHfSf;Fk; ,g;gzp Njitah vd;w tpdhf;fs; voyhk;.

mnkhpf;fhtpd; trjpahd #o;epiyfs; kl;Lk; jhd; nrtptopr; nra;jpfshf vkf;Fj; jug;gl;Ls;sd. mq;Nf jhd; kd Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; mjpfk; NgH ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. ];fpl;Nuh vd;w ,lj;jpy; kl;Lk; kd NehahsH kUj;Jtkidfs; vOgJf;F Nky; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mq;Fjhd; jw;nfhiy vz;zk; nfhz;ltHfs;> md;Gf;fhf Vq;FgtHfs;> Fbf;F mbikahd tHfs;> FLk;gj;jpypUe;J xJf;fg;gl;ltHfs; epuk;g ,Uf;fp whHfs;. rNfhjuHfs; mtHfisj; Njbr; nrd;W gzp Ghpfpd;w kfj;jhd Nritiar; nra;fpwhHfs;. NehAw;wtDf;Nf itj;jpad; Njit vd;W ,NaR nkhope;jhNu.

ntspehl;Lg; gzpfs; gbg;gbahf n`hq;fhq;> [g;ghd;> ijthd;> nfhhpah> Fthjkhyh> nlhkpdpf;fd; FbauR ehLfs;> gpypg;igd;]; jPTfs;> njd;dnkhpf;fh> rhd;ry;tNlhH> gpNurpy;> klf];fhH> ghp]; vd cynfq;Fk; tphptile;jJ. ,jpy; Kf;fpa ,lk; tfpf;fpwJ rhd;ry;tNlhH ehL. nghUshjhu tPo;r;rp fz;l ehL. ];ghdpa tHf;fq;fs; Vio vspa kf;fis Ml;bg;gilf;fpw G+kp. ,q;Nf Vio vspatHfSf;F kUj;Jt cjtp> tPL fl;Lk; gzp vd my;Yk; gfYk; rNfhjuHfs; jq;fisNa ViofSf;fhfg; gpope;J nfhLj;jhHfs;. mJ jpUr;rigapy; kwf;f Kbahj kz;. NguhaH nuhNkuh gzpGhpe;j kz;. nfhLikfs; kj;jpapYk; jsuhJ ew;Nrit nra;j rNfhjuHfis fhyk; kwf;fhJ.

53


2. cld; ciog;ghsH rig.

md;idapd; J}a gzpf;Fj; Jiz epd;W cjtpa rNfhjuH rig Nghy> ,d;ndhU rigAk; J}zhf epw;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. mJ jhd; cld; ciog;ghsH rig [co-workers of mother

teresa] Jwtw tho;f;ifapy; <Lgl KbahjtHfs;> Vio vspatHfSf;Fg; gzp Ghpfpw ey;y cs;sq;fis xd;W NrHj;J> mtHfs; tho;f;if epiyapypUe;Nj gzpGhpa itg;gJ jhd; cld; ciog;ghsH rigapd; gzpahFk;. ,ij Muk;gpj;jtH ,q;fpyhe;J ehl;bypUe;J te;J fy;fj;jhtpy; Mlk;gug; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; nghk;ikfs; tpahghuk; elj;jpa Md;g;nsf;fP mk;ikahH mtHfs; jhd;.

md;id njNurhtpd; mUk;gzpfisf; Nfs;tpg;gl;L> mtUf;F cjtpf;fuk; ePl;Lk; Nehf;NfhL mtH gzpapy; jd; gq;Fk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd cUthf;fg;gl;lJ jhd; ,r;rig. ,e;j Md;g;nsf;fp mk;ikahH jd; fUj;NjhL xj;j gy ngz; kzpfisj; jpul;b bl;lh$H njhO Neha;f; FbapUg;Gf;F epjp jpul;bdhH. jd; jha; ehl;Lf;Fj; jpUk;gpa gpd;dH mq;NfAk; xU rpW FOit mikj;Jg; gzp njhlq;fpdhH. 1974y; fzthpd; kiwtpd; gpd;dH KO Neuj;ijAk; cld; ciog;ghsH rigf;fhf mHg;gzpj;jhH. ,r;rigapd; rl;l jpl;lq;fis md;id mtHfs; vOjpg; ghg;gurhpd; mq;fPfhuj;Jf;F mDg;gpdhH. 1964 khHr; 26k; ehs; jpUj;je;ij 6 rpd;dg;gH mq;fPfhuk; mspj;jhH. rHtNjr rigahdjd; gpd; mjd; Kjy; jiytuhf Md;g;nsf;fP mk;ikahH nghWg;Ngw;whH.

,d;Dk; ,e;jpa J}jufj;jpy; gzpahw;wpa g;uhq;f; fhypd]; %ykhfg; gpypg;igd;]; ehl;L muR md;idf;F uhNkhd; khf;NrNr tpUJk; ghpRj; njhifahf 50>000 j;ijAk; toq;fpaJ. ,e;jr; rigapy; cly; CdKw;wtHfSk; Nruyhk; vd md;id jd; rl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhH.

54


Neha; fz;ltHfs;> cly; CdKw;wtHfs; jq;fs; nrgk;jtk; Jd;gq;fis xg;Gf;nfhLg;gjd; %yk; mtHfSk; cld; ciog;ghsH rig cWg;gpdH MfpwhH. ,e;jf; Fwpg;gpdhy; ngy;[pak; ehl;ilr; rhHe;j [f;Fypd; nlnlf;fH vd;fpw mk;ikahH mtHfs; cld; ciog;ghsH MdhH.

,e;j [f;Fypd; mk;ikahH 1948y; md;idapd; gzpapy; jd;id ,izj;Jf;nfhs;s epidj;j Ntisapy; KJFtypahy; mtjpg;gl;Lj; jha; ehL nrd;W mWitr; rpfpr;irf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;lhH. ,lJ gf;f thjk; Vw;gl;lJ MdhYk; jd; vz;zk; gzp nra;tJ jhd; vd;gjpy; cWjpahf ,Ue;jhH. md;idAk; ,ij mwpayhdhH. mtH gjpy; mDg;gp [f;Fypdpd; nrgj;ijAk;> Jd;gj;ijAk; gzpf;fhf mHg;gzpf;F khW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH. ,g;gbg; gy;NtWgl;l cld; ciog;ghspfspd; epidTfs; epuk;g cz;L. ,r;rig gy ehLfSf;Fk; gutyhapw;W ,t;tpjk; 1986y; fpA+ghtpYk; cld; ciog;ghsH rig jpwf;fg;gl;Lr; nrayhw;wpaJ Fwpg;gplj; jf;fJ.

nghUs; cjtp> gz cjtp> nrgjt cjtp midj;Jk; md;idapd; gzpf;F cu%l;bd. md;gpd; Nritiar; rhjp kj ,dNgjkpd;wp Vio> vspatH midtUk; tho;T ngwTk; Md;kPfk; jiof;fTk;> ciog;gpy; cauTk; md;id vy;yhiuAk; top elj;jpdhH.

rNfhju gzpfspd; Nrit fz;L md;id cs;sk; G+hpg;gile;jJ. ntdpd;Ryh Mahpd; miog;ig Vw;W> jdJ rNfhjhpfspd; gzpf;fsj;ijg; ghHitapl md;id mq;F nrd;whH. tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; ,wq;fpatH jhk];> kDNty; vd;fpw ,uz;L FUf;fSld; ePf;Nuhf;fs; FbapUf;Fk; Nrhdh ePf;Nuh> f;Fg; gazkhdhH. fspkz; RtHfs; %q;fpy; $iufs; ,itjhd; mtHfs; $lhuk;.

55


tsk; nfhopj;j mtHfsJ ,aw;ifapd; tUthiaf;$l xOq;fhfr; NrHj;J itf;fj; njhpahj ghkukf;fs; ,tHfspilNa jhd; jd; fd;dpaHfs; gzpahw;WfpwhHfs; vd;gijawpe;J md;idapd; kdk; Mde;jf; fz;zPH cFj;jJ. mq;Nf rhd;gpypg;Ng efUf;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; Kjy; fsj;ij mikf;Fk; cWjpNahL ,e;jpah jpUk;gpdhH. mq;Nf mDg;g mDgtk; tha;e;j rNfhjhpfisj; NjHe;njLj;jhH. rNfhjhp epHkyh> rNfhjhp gTypd;> rNfhjhp [];bd;> rNfhjhp nuhrhhpNah Mfpa ehy;tUk; ntdpd;Ryh nry;y Maj;jkhapdH. rNfhjhpfspd; Nrit Vio kf;fspd; vspa tho;f;iff;F Vw;wk; je;jJ.

ghg;gurH Mwhk; rpd;dg;gH Ntz;LNfhSf;fpzq;f cNuhik efhpy; GJ ,y;yk; epWtpg; gzpfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ld. me;j ,y;yj;ijr; rNfhjhp ];nlyhtpd; nghWg;gpy; xg;gilj;jhH. mJ cNuhikapYs;s NlhH/gp];fhy; vd;fpw ,lj;jpy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,uz;L fhy;fisAk; ,oe;j ,j;jhyp ehl;Lf; FUthdthpd; MrPNuhL fpuhkg; Gwq;fspy; Vio> vspatHfSf;Fg; gzpahw;wj; njhlq;fpdH. rNfhjhpfspd; gzp gy kdpjHfspd; kdijNa fyq;fr; nra;J tpl;lJ. ,tHfSila md;Gr;Nrit gy fy;yhd ,jak; gilj;j kdpj kdq;fisNa khw;wpf; fdpTs;sk; nfhz;Nlhuhf;fpaJ. jha;j;jpUr;rigapd; jiyikg; gPlNk md;id njNurhit tutioj;Jg; gzp nra;ar; nrhd;d njd;why; md;idapd; gzptho;T vt;tsT rpwe;jJ vd;gij midtUk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ my;yth

NguhaH ehf;]; Mz;lif md;id njNurhit ,j;jhypapy; re;jpj;J> jdJ nrhe;j kz;zhd M];jpNuypahtpYk; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;SkhW Nfl;lhH. miog;gpd; Nghpy; Ie;J rNfhjhpfSld; M];jpNuypah gazkhdhH. 1970y; ghl;ldp tisFlhtpy; te;J NrHe;jdH.

56


,J XH mofpa jPT. ,j;jPtpy; tho;e;j goq;Fb kf;fs; ehfhPfk; vd;why; vd;d vd;fpw mhpr;RtbNa njhpahj fhl;Ltho;f;ifia Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jdH. rNfhjhp nyj;jPrpah jiyikapy; Ie;J rNfhjhpfs; mq;F gzpahw;wpdH. ifNtiyfs; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jdH. khzt khztpaiu maY}hpYs;s ghlrhiyf;F mioj;Jr; nry;y xU NgUe;Jr; NritiaAk; elj;jpdH. vq;Nfh gpwe;J tsHe;J> vq;Nfh gpwe;J tsUk; Foe;ijfl;fhf ghLgLfpw rNfhjhpfspd; rypf;fhj gzpia vd;ndd;Nghk;.

,uz;lhk; tj;jpf;fhd; rq;fk; $ba Ntisapy; gy;NtW ehLfspypUe;Jk; te;jpUe;j MaHfs;> fUjpdhy;fs; xUtiu xUtH re;jpf;Fk; tha;g;G Vw;gl;lJ. ,e;jpahtpy; fy;fj;jh NguhaH nghpaH mtHfSk; ,e;jr; re;jpg;gpy; ciuahbdhH. me;Neuk; md;id njNurhitAk; mtH rNfhjhpfspd; gzpfisAk; gw;wp vLj;Jiuj;jhH. ,e;j Ntisapy; jhd; Mgphpf;fhtpy; lhd;rhdpah ehl;by; cs;s lNghuh vd;fpw ,lj;jpypUe;J te;j NguhaH khw;F kpfhNah Mz;lifapd; nrtpfSf;Fk; ,e;jr; nra;jp vl;baJ. tpguq;fisf; fUj;jha;f; Nfl;lwpe;j NguhaH khw;F kpfhNah lhd;rhdpahtpy; gzpahw;w md;idf;F miog;G tpLj;jhH.

1968k; Mz;L nrg;lk;gH khjk; md;idapd; rNfhjhpfs; lNghuhTf;F te;jdH. me;j Mgphpf;f kz;iz epidf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk;> kdpj Fy tuyhw;wpy; rpy ,Uz;l gf;fq;fs; ,lk; ngaHe;J NghfhkNy ,Uf;fj; Njhd;wpd. mbikg;gLtjw;fhfNt mtjhpj;j ,dkhf Mgphpf;fh Njhd;wpaJ. rNfhjhp rhe;jp lhd;rhdpahtpd; lNghuhtpy; jiyikg;nghWg;Ngw;whH. ,q;Fs;s gzpfspy; Kf;fpakhd gzp njhO NehahsHfisf; ftdpg;gJ. mj;NjhL mehijg; gps;isfSf;F milf;fyk; nfhLf;Fk; fhg;gfKk; fl;b E}w;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Foe;ijfisf; fhg;ghw;Wfpd;wdH. fpuhkg;Gwq;fs;> fhl;Lg;Gwq;fspy; KjpNahH> NehahsH ,tHfisr; re;jpj;J kUj;Jt cjtpAk;> kd cjtpAk; nra;J tUfpd;wdH.

57


,d;Dk; muR ,tHfspd; Nrit eyk; fz;L NehahsH> KjpNahH> CdKw;Nwhiuj; jq;f itj;Jg; guhkhpf;fntd Mz;fs;> ngz;fSf;nfd;W jdpj;jdpahff; nfhl;lif fl;b ,e;jr; rNfhjhpfsplNk xg;gilj;jpUf;fpwJ.

me;j ehl;L muR mth;fisg; gpr;ir vLf;f mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. xU ehs; ,e;jf; nfhl;liffspy; jq;fp ,th;fspd; gzp tho;itg; ghh;g;gth;fs; tpae;J Nghthh;fs;. me;jsTf;F mth;fspd; gzp kfj;jhdjhFk;. mJTk; rNfhjhp rhe;jp mq;F vyNyhUf;Fk; NtuhfTk;> fpisahfTk; epd;W nraw;gl;lhH.

XU GJ ,y;yk; jpwf;fg;gLfpwnjd;why; mij GJ ,y;ynkd;W nrhy;yhky;

xU ew;fUizg; Ngio jpwf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;Wjhd; md;id nrhy;thh;

58


,yq;if kz;zpYk; md;id gjpj;j fhybfs;

1928k; Mz;L brk;gh; 1e;Njjp fg;gypy; ,e;jpah te;j Neuk; fg;gy; rpwpJ Neuk; nfhOk;gpy; jupj;J epd;wjhf Kd;dh; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;Njhk;. me;j Neuk; mth; fz;l flw;fiuNahuf; fhl;rpfs; kdjpy; Njq;fpapUe;jd. vjw;Fk; fhyKk; NeuKk; if$l Ntz;LNk . 1967y; nfhOk;G mjp Nkw;wpuhzpahh; fUjpdhy; $Nu mth;fs; ,yq;iff;F tUkhW md;idf;F miog;G tpLj;jpUe;jhh;. ,e;j miog;Gf;fpzq;f ,Ufd;dpah;fSk; md;idath;fSk; ,yq;iff;F te;jdh;. ,q;Nf md;idath;fs; xd;wiu khjq;fs; tiu jq;fpapUe;jhh;. Nrhpg;Gwq;fSf;F tp[ak; nra;J ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fisr; re;jpj;J ciuahbdhh;.

khjk;gpl;bahtpYs;s Gdpj me;Njhdpahh; Myaj;jpd; gpd; GwKs;s fhzpnahd;wpy; jkJ mikg;gpd; KjyhtJ fpisia epWtpdhh;. ,e;j mikg;G 12 NgUld; Muk;gkhdJ. ,e;jpahtpypUe;J 3 fd;dpah;fs; tutiof;fg;gl;Lg; gzp ,dpNj njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.

,J khjk;gpl;b fUiz ,y;yk; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mLj;J Kfj;Jthuj;jpy; rhe;jp eptr vd;w ngahpy; ,d;ndhU epiyaKk; epWtg;gl;lJ. ,J vdJ ,y;yj;jpw;F mUfhikapy; ,Ug;gjhy; mq;F eilngWk; gzpfis ehd; fz;zhuf; fhzf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ghyh;> rpWtH> KjpNahH> Nehahsh;> CdKw;Nwhh; ahtUk; mq;F guhkhpf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. ghyh;> rpWth;fs; Xbahbj;jphptJk; fd;dpah;fs; mth;fis md;NghL mutizg;gJk; Nehahspfs;> KjpNahiuf; fd;dpaUk; ftdpj;Jf; nfhs;tJk; kdf;frg;Ngh ntWg;Ngh ,d;wpf; ftdpf;fg;gLtijAk; fhzyhk;.

59


mq;F guhkhpf;fg;gLfpwth;fNs xUtiu xUth; $l;br;nry;tJk; ghh;f;f kfpo;r;rpahfpwJ. rpy fofq;fs;> jhgdq;fs; te;J cztspj;Jg; ghpkhwpr; nry;fpd;wd. rhjp ,d kj NtWghbd;wp;r; rfyUk; guhkhpf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,itfs; vdf;Fk; ehd; njhlq;fpa ,r;nraYf;F Mf;fKk; Cf;fKk; je;jhh;fs; vd;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy. NkYk; gy nra;jpfisj; jpul;lTk; cjtpd. ,th;fsJ risf;fhj r%f Nritgw;wp ehl;bw;Fk; kf;fspw;Fk; njhpag;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; Mh;tk; cz;lhdJ

,j;Jld; gzp tphpthf;fk; epd;W tpltpy;iy. nkhwl;Lthtpy; gpNuk eptr vd;w ngahpYk; mehijfisg; guhkhpf;Fk; ,y;yk; Muk;gkhapw;W. mNj njhlhpy; jphpNfhzkiy> kl;lf;fsg;G> kd;dhh;> fhyp Mfpa ,lq;fspYk; mehijfSf;Ff; fuk; nfhLf;Fk; ,y;yq;fs; cjakhapd.

1984k; Mz;by; ,yq;if tUk; gb md;id njNurhit nfhOk;G mjp Nkw;whdpahH kPz;Lk; miog;G tpLj;jhH. mjid epiwNtw;W Kfkhf ehd;F fd;dpaUld; ,yq;if te;j NghJ mtUf;F nrq;fk;gs tuNtw;G mspf;fg;gl;lJ.

Kd;dH xU jlit ntspehl;bypUe;J ,yq;if te;J gzpahw;Wk; njhz;lH epWtdq;fSf;F tprh [visa] toq;f kWj;j NghJ md;id njNurhtpd; rNfhjhpfis ,e;jpah mioj;Jf; nfhs;s NeHe;jJ. vdpDk; gpd;dH me;j epiy khwp mtHfs; r%f gzpfis njhlu toptFj;jjhy; ,Wjpahf md;id 1987y; ,yq;if te;jhH. ,yq;ifapy; jhd; Cd;wpa tpij tpUl;rkhf tsHe;J ngUfp ,Ug;gJ fz;L cs;sk; G+hpj;jhH.

60


,yq;if te;j md;idia> gNuhgfhhpfs;> jdte;jHfs;> r%f NritahsHfs; gyH jhkhf Kd;te;J re;jpj;J ciuahbdH. mtH gzpf;F cWJizahf ,Ug;gjhfTk; cWjpaspj;jdH. md;idapd; Nritapy; ftug;gl;l kf;fs; mtH ghjk; ,e;j ,yq;if kz;zpy; gLtijNa xU Gz;zpakhff; fUjpdH.

md;idapd; gzpfs; ,d;Wk; ,yq;ifapy; mtH ];jhgpj;j fpisfs; Clhfr; risf;fhJ njhlug;gl;L tUfpd;wd. Aj;jj;jhy; rPH Fiye;J NghAs;s ek; ehl;by; r%f];jhgdq;fs; Kd;te;J fuk; nfhLj;jhy; ghpjtpf;Fk; kf;fisf; fhg;ghw;w KbAk;.

jw;NghJk; Gjpjhff; fpisfs; aho;g;ghzk;> fpspnehr;rp> tTdpah Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; jpwf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,d;W vkJ ehl;bd; 23 epiyaq;fs; nraw;gl;Lr; Nrit Ghptij mwpa KbfpwJ.

md;idapd; gzpfs; ePL tsHf vd tho;j;JNthk;.

61


tpUJfspd; thpirapy; tdpij

gzk;> gl;lk;> gjtp> kjpg;G> Gfo; ,it ruhrhp kdpjdpd; Mirfs;. md;id njNurh ,tw;iwnay;yhk; tpUk;gpatuy;y. md;id njNurh mtHfs; 50 f;F Nkw;gl;l Njrpa rHtNjrg; ghpRfisAk;> gl;lq;fisAk; jdf;nfd md;wp md;gpd; gzpahsH rigf;Nf mHg;gzpg;gjhf $WfpwhH. xU tUlj;jpy; khj;jpuk; ,UgJf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l caHe;j gl;lq;fs; XNlhb te;jd. vy;yhtw;iwAk; thpirg;gLj;Jtnjd;gJ Kbahj fhhpak;. vdNt md;id ngw;w xU rpy tpUJfis khj;jpuk; fPNo Fwpg;gpLfpNwd;.

1962y; ,e;jpahtpd; gj;k= tpUJ. gpypg;igd;]; jPTfspd; kf;NfNrNr tpUJ.

1964y; Kk;ig ew;fUiz khehl;by; ntz;zpw ypq;fd; fhH ghpR.

1968y; ghg;guruhy; rkhjhd tpUJ.

1971y; Mf;Nlhghpy; N[hrg; nfd;db mwf;fl;lisapd; rhHgpy; 50>000 mnkhpf;f nlhyH ghpR.

1972y; rHtNjr Ghpe;JzHTf;fhd [t`Hyhy; NeU tpUJ.< 1973y; nlk;gps;];ld; tpUJ. 1974y; mz;zy; mrprp rNthpahH ghpR.

1975y; N[Hkdpiar; NrHe;j My;gHl; Ritl;rhpd; epidTg; ghpR.

1976y; tpRtghujp gy;fiyf;fof Njrp Nfhj;jkh tpUJ

1978y; ,q;fpyhe;J murpd; jiyrpwe;j Fbkfs; tpUJ.

1979y;

ghy;rhd; midj;Jyf tpUJ. cyfg; Gfo; ngw;w Nehgy; ghpR md;idf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j Nehgy; ghpR tq;fj;jpw;Ff;fpilj;j ,uz;lhtJ jq;fg;ghpR.

62


1980y; [dthp 30k; ehs; ghujuj;dh vDk; ,e;jpahtpd; kpfg; nghpa tpUJ.

1983y; gphpl;b]; murp vyprngj; uhzp toq;fpa Bart Maranch the order of merit nfsut tpUJ.

1991y; FbauRj; jiyth; Mh; ntq;fl;uhkd; mth;fs; toq;fpa ghujPa tpj;ah gtd; cWg;gpdh; gjtp.

1992y; ghujj;jpd; jtg;Gjy;tp tpUJ.

1993y;

u[;a murpd; cyfg; Gfo; ngw;w ypNah lhy;];lha; tpUJ. uh[Pt; fhe;jpapd; ngauhy; epWtg;gl;l rkhjhd ey;ypzf;fj;Jf;fhd rj; ghthdh tpUJ. And];Nfh epWtdj;jpd; mikjpg;ghpR.

1995y; khHr;rpy; fy;fj;jhtpd; Nejh[p tpUJ. etk;ghpy; jahtjp Nkhb mwf;fl;lisg;ghpR. 1996y; midj;Jyf ek;gpf;if tpUJ.

,e;jpa muR tpkhdj;jpYk; uapypYk; ,ytrg; gazr; rYifAk; mspj;Jf; nfsutpj;jJ.

r%f Nrit vd;why; vd;d vd;gij cyFf;F KOikahff; fw;Wf; nfhLj;j ,tH mehijf; Foe;ijfs; ,tuJ Nriyj;jiyg;igg; gw;wpg;gpbj;J kfpOk; NghJ

",tHfnsy;yhk; vd; fd;dpah];jphpfshy; Fg;igj; njhl;bfspypUe;J kPl;Lf;nfhz;L tug;gl;ltHfs;"

vd;W Gd;difAld; $Wthuhk;. cyfpay; tpUJfisg; ngw;w Nghnjy;yhk; Jaug;gLk; kf;fs; rKj;jpuj;NjhL xg;gpLifapy; vd; Nrit xU Jsp kl;LNk vd;ghuhk;.

63


,tH Nehgy; ghpirg; ngw;w NghJ gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpl;lhuhk;.

“xt;nthU KiwAk; ,we;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; kdpjHfisg; ghHf;Fk; NghJ fz;fspy; ePH jJk;Gk;. Mdhy; mtHfSf;Fj; Njit vkJ mDjhgNkh> ghpjhgNkh my;y: vkJ md;Gk; fUizANk mtHfSf;F mtrpak;. ehk; Viofisg;gw;wp epiwaNt NgRfpNwhk;. Mdhy; mtHfSf;Ff; nfhLg;gNjh kpfkpfr; nrhw;gk;. ehd; Viofisf; nfLg;gjhff; $Wfpd;whHfs;. guthapy;iy> vdJ mikg;ghfpYk; Viofisf; nfLf;fl;LNk. VidNahH midtUk; nry;te;jHfisay;yth nfLj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;"

“Gwf;fzpf;fg; gl;NlhH vd vtUNk ,Uf;ff;$lhJ" vd;w Nehf;Fld; mehijf; Foe;ijfl;Fk;> Mjutw;wtHfSf;Fk;> njhO NehahsHfSf;Fk; $l mtH njhz;L nra;jhH.

md;idapd; gzpapy; vhpr;ryile;j gyH gpd;tUkhW Nfl;lhHfshk;.

“rhtpd; tpspk;gpy; ,Ug;gtHfis mioj;J te;J guhkhpg;gjhy; gad; vd;d?"

“twpatHfSf;F czTk;> ciwASk; nfhLj;J> mtHfis NkYk; Nrhk;Ngwpfshf;fhky;> njhopy; nra;ag; gof;fyhNk"

64


“,tHfSf;F Vd; kPid czthff; nfhLf;fpd;wPHfs;? J}z;by; xd;iw thq;fpf; nfhLj;jhy;> mtHfshfNt kPd; gpbj;Jf; nfhs;thHfNs"

mtHfSf;nfy;yhk; md;id gpd;tUkhW $wpdhuhk;.

cz;ik jhd; vd;Dila Ml;fs; vOe;jpUf;fTk; KbahjtHfs;: tyJ Fiwe;jtHfs;: Gj;jp RahjPdk; mw;wtHfs;. ehd; mtHfSf;F kPd; nfhLj;Jj; Njw;wp vLj;J cq;fsplk; mDg;Gfpd;Nwd;. ePq;fNs mtHfSf;Fj; J}z;by;fis toq;Fq;fs;. vd;gjhFk;.

vjpHg;Gf;fSf;F kj;jpapYk;> ,iwtdpd; fpUigahy; jplkdJld; gzpiaj; njhlHe;jhH. gzp gue;jJ. khepyk; kfpo;e;jJ. njhlHe;Jk; gzp gut ,iwtd; fUiz $Hthuhf.

65


,Wjp %r;Rtiu r%f Nritapy; risf;fhj md;id.

jhDz;L jd; NtiyAz;L vd;W thOk; ,d;iwa etPd cyfpy;> jd; JaH ghuhJ mLj;jtH JaH Njbr;nrd;W ,Wjp %r;R tiu r%f Nritapy; risf;fhjtuhf tpsq;fpatH ek; md;id njNurh. mtHfs; cyfpdH kdjpy; epd;W epyTk; epoy; kuk; MdhH. NkL gs;sq;fis KOkdNjhL re;jpj;J Xa;e;J Nghfhky; elkhLk; Njtij vd cyfpduhy; Nghw;wg;gl;l md;idapd; gzpj;jsq;fs; fhY}d;whj ,lk; ,y;iy vd;Nw $wyhk;. md;idapd; md;Gr;rigfs; gy;NtW Jiwfspy; E}w;wpKg;gJf;F Nkw;gl;l cyf ehLfspy; NtH gjpj;Js;sd. 4500 fd;dpaHfs; jkJ tho;it Viofl;fhf mHg;gzpj;Js;sdH.

vy;yhr; rkaq;fSk; vOe;J md;idf;fhfTk; mtH jk; rNfhjhpfl;fhfTk; rpwg;G Ntz;Ljy;fs; nra;jdH. nts;sp tpoh nfhz;lhbdH. ed;wp cs;sk; gilj;j md;id ele;J te;j ghijiaj; jpUk;gpg;ghHj;J njhlf;f ,lkhd ikf;fy; Nfhk]; tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;whH. me;j Nky; khbapd; Kjy; jho;thuj;jpy; xUrpy epkplq;fs; ed;wpg; ngUf;NfhL ,iwtidj; jpahdpj;Jj; jpUk;gpdhH. nts;sp tpohitf; fle;j md;id nghd;tpohitr; re;jpf;fhky; Nghdnjd;gijf; $whjpUf;f KbAkh?

rig rHtNjr epiyahdgpd; vy;yhf; fpisfisAk;.> fl;Lf;Nfhg;NghL topelj;Jk; thQ;irAk;> epHthfj;jpwDk; $bf;nfhz;NlapUe;jd. gzpj;jsq;fisg; ghHitaplg;gazk;> Kf;fpa jiytHfisr; re;jpf;fg;gazk; vd;W xNu miyr;rYkhf ,Ue;jhH. 70 taijf; fle;j ngUkhl;b> rpW gps;isiag;Nghy XLtJk;> jsuhj eilAk; ghHg;gtUf;Fg; gutr%l;Lk;.

66


1983y; cNuhik nrd;w NghJ khuilg;ghy; kUj;Jtkidapy; NrHf;fg;gl;L ,uz;L ehl;fspy; tPL jpUk;gpdhH. kUj;JtUk;> rNfhjhpfSk; fz;bg;ghf Xa;T vLf;f Ntz;Lnkd;W $wpdH. mtH kWj;J tpl;L mLj;j gzpfisg;gw;wpr; rpe;jpf;fyhdhH. ,e;jr; nra;jp ghpRj;j je;ij ,uz;lhk; mUs; rpd;dg;gUf;F vl;baJ. mtH md;idAld; njhiyNgrpapy; "cyfj;jpw;F ePq;fs; Njit: jia $He;J kUj;Jt kid nrd;W Xa;ntLq;fs;" vd;W $wpdhH. mjw;F ,ire;J kUj;Jtkid nrd;W Xa;ntLj;Jf;nfhz;L ,e;jpah jpUk;gpdhH.

,e;jpah jpUk;gp xU thu Xa;ntLj;j gpd;dH kPz;Lk; gzpfisj; njhlHe;jhH. 1986y; nly;ypapy; cs;s klj;Jg; gbf;fl;by; jLf;fp tpOe;J fhypy; vYk;G KwpT Vw;gl;lJ. ,e;j tpgj;Jf;Fg; gpwF jhd; md;id mbf;fb NrhHtpd; tpspk;gpy; epWj;jg;gl;lhH. 1989y; kPz;Lk; ,Uja typ Vw;gl;lJ. me;Neuk; kUj;Jt kidapy; NrHf;fg;gl;l md;idia> md;idapd; mz;zh yhrhpd; kfs; M[p gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J gzptpil nra;J guhkhpj;jhH. cynfq;Fk; md;idapd; Neha; gw;wpa nra;jp gue;jJ. jpUj;je;ij ,uz;lhk; mUs; rpd;dg;gH jdJ md;ghd MrPiuAk;> n[gj;ijAk; md;idf;fhf xg;Gf;nfhLj;jhH.

cyf jiytHfs;> kUj;Jt epGdHfs;> nghpa kdpjHfs; vy;yhUk; md;id Fzkila jq;fs; md;igAk;> gpuhj;jidiaAk; ntspg;gLj;jpdH. 1990y; ,Uja khw;W mWitr; rpfpr;irapy; Ng]; Nkf;fH nghUj;jg;gl;L ,Ujak; ,aq;fpaJ. 1991y; %d;whtjhf khHgilg;G te;jJ.

1993y; e;jpa muR rkhjhdk; kw;Wk; ey;ypzf;fj;Jf;fhd tpUJ toq;f Vw;ghL nra;jJ. me;Neuk; mtH me;j tpUij thq;f Kbahj msTf;Fg; gLj;j gLf;ifahf kUj;Jtkidapy; ,Ue;jhH.

67


me;j NtisapNy md;idapd; gzpapy; Muk;gKjyhf NtuhfTk;-fpisahfTk;> Md;kPftopfhl;bahfTk; ,Ue;j mUl;je;ij thd; vf;rk; mbfs; 1993y; nrg;lk;gH 20e; Njjp fhykhdhH.

,J md;idia kpfTk; fyq;f itj;J tpl;lJ. kPz;Lk; 1996y; neQ;R typ Vw;gl;lJ. ,jak; ,aq;Ftjpy; NfhshW Vw;gl;lJ. jd;idNa cUf;fp xsp nfhLf;Fk; nkOFjphp tho;f;ifahfj; jd; tho;ehis tFj;Jf;nfhz;l tdpij-cliy cliy tUj;Jk; gazj;jpy; jahuhfpdhH.

500000 twpa FLk;gq;fisg; guhkhpj;J 20000 Foe;ijfSf;F fy;tpf;F fiu fhl;b> 90000 njhONehahsHfSf;F mikjp mspj;J md;G gzptopahf jpUr;rig vDk; jpuhl;irj; Njhl;lj;jpw;F 5000 f;F Nkw;gl;l CopaHfis cUthf;fpa jha;ik epyk; jsHe;J nfhz;Nl te;jJ.

Xa;tpy; jd;id itj;Jf;nfhs;s tpUk;ghJ> njha;tpd;wpj; njhlHe;J gzpf;fsj;ij Xa;Tf;fskhf Mf;fpajdhy; KJik jd; GJikia ntspf; nfhzHe;jJ. ,Ue;Jk; Mz;lthpd; mUs; md;idia topelj;jpNa te;jJ.

68


,ayh epiyapYk; vUf;fyk; Nrhpapy; ,dpats; ghjk;

tl nrd;idapy; twpa gFjpaha; tiuglk; fhl;LtJ jhd; vUf;fyQ;Nrhpg;gq;F. ,e;jg;gq;fpYk; md;idapd; ghjk; glNtz;Lk; vd;W mg;gq;fpd; mUl;je;ij tpd;nrd;l; rpd;dj;Jiu mtHfs; Mtyhff; fhj;jpUe;jhH.1995y; Mf];l; 16k; jpfjpAk; Fwpg;gpl;lhapw;W. md;D rka ey;ypzf;f tpoh. mjw;F me;j jhapd; tUiff;F fhj;jpUe;jhh;fs;. gpw;gfy; 2.30 njhiyNgrp miog;G xd;W te;jJ. xU Kidapy; md;id mtHfs;.

“je;ij tpd;nrd;l; rpd;dj;Jiu mtHfNshL NgrNtz;Lk";

“ehd; jhd; NgRfpNwd; $Wq;fs;."

“vapl;]; NehahspfSf;F ,y;yk; fl;Ltjw;F ,lKk; gzKk; k`huh\;bu muR jUfpwJ. mjw;F ehd; epw;fNtz;bapUg;gjhy; ct;tplk; r%fk; ju ,aytpy;iy. vd;id kd;dpj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,d;Wtu ,ayhJ tUk; nghpNahHfsplKk; kf;fsplKk; ehd; ,J Fwpj;J tUe;Jtjhfr; nrhy;Yq;fs;." vd;w gjpy; vd;id cUf;Fiyj;J tpl;lJ. vjpHghuhky; tpOtJjhNd Vkhw;wnkDk; ,b. xUfzk; ciwe;J fple;j kdijj; Njw;wpf;nfhz;L epfo;r;rpia elj;jp Kbj;jjhf mUl; je;ij tpd;nrd;l; rpd;dJiu $WfpwhH.

69


vg;gbAk; md;idapd; ghjk; vUf;fyQ;Nrhp kz;zpy; gjpa itf;f Ntz;Lk; vDk; vz;zk; kl;Lk; mtuJ cs;sj;jpy; fUf;fl;bapUe;jJ. mtuJ Mtiyg; g+Hj;jpahf;f Ntz;Lnkd mUl; je;ijapd; ez;gH xUtH ghpe;JNgrp epiyia vLj;Jf;$wpdhuhk;. Vq;Fk; gps;isfl;fha; vUf;fQ;Nrhp tu md;idAk; xg;Gf;nfhz;lhH. 1995 nrg;lk;gH 8e;ehs; tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; tuNtw;wdH. mLj;jehl;fhiy md;id vUf;fQ;Nrhp kz;zpy; fhy;gjpf;fpd;wJ. jpUj; je;ijapd; gpujpepjp> fUjpdhy;> gzpf;FOj;jiytHfs; ahtUk; xd;W$b epd;wdH. fUjpdhy; Nyhg;g]; mtHfshy; jpUg;gypg;gPlk; mgpN\fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. md;idf;nfdj; jdp ,Uf;if itf;fg;gl;lJ. me;jj;jhNah kf;fNshL kf;fshfj; jiuapdpy; mkHe;J jpUg;gypapy; gq;F nfhz;lhH.

gpd;dH ,uhaGuk; fd;dpaH ,y;yk;> rpWtHfSf;fhd md;G ,y;yk;> rpd;dkiy fUiz ,y;yq;fisr; re;jpj;j gpd; tpkhd epiyak; Nehf;fpg; gazpj;jhH. tpkhd epiyak; nry;Yk; NghJ gpd; njhlHe;j md;Gyd;irg; ghHj;J tpl;L: ",e;j md;Gyd;]; Vd; vd;idj; njhlHe;J tUfpwJ?. md;id Nehahsp vd;W epidj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfsh?" vd;W Nfl;Lr; rphpj;jhH. vy;yhUf;Fk; md;gpd; ghHitia tPrp tpl;L mq;fpUe;J nrd;W tpl;lhH. ,JNt md;id nrd;idf;F te;j ,Wjpg;gazkhFk;

80 tajhd md;id njNurh jd; jiyikg; gjtpapypUe;J tpyf KbT nra;jhH. Vw;fdNt 1990y; ,g;gb xU Kbit vLj;j NghJ gyUk; mijj; jLj;J tpl;ldH. ,k;Kiw jdJ cly;epiy mDkjpf;fhJ vd czHe;J fy;fj;jh NguhaUf;Fj; jd; tpUg;gj;ij mwptpj;jhH. NguhaH mtHfs; 1997k; Mz;L [dthp khjj;jpy; mDkjp toq;fpdhH. khHr; 13y; 123 ehLfisr;rhHe;j Kf;fpa rNfhjhpfs; $b thf;nfLj;Jr; rNfhjhp epHkyh mtHfs; jiyikg; nghWg;gpw;Fj; njhpthdhH.

70


rNfhjhp epHkyh ,e;Jf; FLk;gj;jpypUe;J md;idapd; gzpapy; <Hf;fg;gl;Lg; gzpahw;wpatH. tof;fwpQH gl;lk; gbj;j ,tH Neghsf; FLk;gj;ijr; rhHe;jtH. mHg;gz tho;tpy; mauhJ cioj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jtH.

rNfhjhp epHkyh rigapd; jiyikg; nghWg;gpw;F te;jij epidj;J md;id kfpo;e;jhH. 1996fSf;Fg; gpd; mjpfk; miyahky; md;id ,y;yj;jpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;Nl mfpyj;jpd; Njitfis mjpfkhff; fhj;J te;jhH.

,Njahz;bYk; Vg;uypy; md;id rWf;fp tpOe;J vYk;Gfs; ghjpf;fg;gl;ld. T+l;yz;l; jhjpaH kUj;Jt kidapy; NrHf;fg;gl;lhH. njhlHe;J gLf;ifapy; fple;jhH. "cyftho;f;ifapy; ,Ue;J ehd; tpilngw;whYk; vd; Mj;kh ,t;Tyfpd; md;Gs;sq;fs; kj;jpapy; vd;Wk; thOk;" vd;W $wpdhH.

71


"cyf tho;f;ifapy; ,Ue;J ehd; tpil ngw;whYk; vd; Mj;kh ,t;Tyfpd; md;G cs;sq;fs; kj;jpapy; vd;Wk; thOk";

1997 [_d; 18y; ,sturp lahdhit ehd;fhtJ jlitahfr; re;jpj;J ciuahbdhH. mJNt ,UtuJ re;jpg;GfisAk; ,Wjpahf;fp tpl;lJ.

72


1997 nrg;lk;gH 5k; ehs; ,Us; fiye;J fjpH gug;gp vOk; fhiyg;nghOJ md;id fz; tpopj;j filrpf; fhiyAk; mJNt. FhiyapNy md;id njNurhTf;F neQ;Rtyp Vw;gl;lJ rpwg;G lhf;lH miof;fg;gl;lhH typ rw;W Fiwe;jJ. nrgk; njhlf;fk; fd;dpaHfSld; mYtyfg;gzpfspy; fiue;J epd;whH. khiy rpw;whiyaj;jpw;Fr; rNfhjhpfSld; $l;Lr; nrgj;jpw;Fj; jahuhd md;idia khiy ghpNrhjpj;j lhf;lH rNfhjhpapd; tw;GWj;jyhy; miwapNyNa jq;fpr; nrgpj;jhH. khiy 7.30 mstpy; fLikahd KJFtyp Vw;gl;lJ.

gq;Fj;je;ijf;Fk; kUj;JtH lhf;lH my;gpul; Tl;tHLf;Fk; nra;jp gwe;jJ. 15 epkplj;jpy; kUj;JtH te;J tpl;lhH. nraw;ifr;Rthrk; nfhLf;f> ,jaj;Jbg;Gf;fUtp> Crp%yk; kUe;J nrYj;j %d;W kUj;JtH> ehd;F fd;dpaH Nghuhl;lk; elj;jpdH. me;j Neuk; lhf;lH vd;dhy; %r;Rtpl Kbatpy;iy vd;whH. rNfhjhp N`l;&l; neQ;irj; jltpf;nfhLj;jhH. mg;nghOJ VNjh cr;rhpg;gij Mo;e;J Nfhl;lhH. md;idNah ,NaRNt ehd; ck;ik Nerpf;fpNwd;. ,NaRNt > ,NaRNt vd;W cjLk; cs;sKk; xUNru cr;rhpf;f md;idapd; Mtp gphpe;jJ. rNfhjhp N`l;&l;bd; iffspNyNa md;idapd; capH gphpe;jJ. ,ij Kjypy;

mwpe;jJ lhf;lH my;gpul; Tl;tHl; jhd;. clDk; "mother is no more” md;id ek;ik tpl;Lg; Ngha; tpl;lhH vd;W fjwp mOjhH.

md;id ,y;yk; fz;zPH Fsj;jpy; %o;fpaJ.

73


kdpj khjh kiwe;J tpl;lhH

fy;fj;jh kf;fspd; kdq;fisf; nfhs;is nfhz;l kdpj khjh kiwe;J tpl;lhH. ghujj;jpd; ,uj;jpd N[hjp mize;J tpl;lJ. Vio kdpj capHfspd; kuzq;fisj; jd;kbapy; Rke;jtH. ,d;W kuzj;jpd; kbapy; jd;idf;fplj;jp tpl;lhH. gzp tho;itg; nghWj;jtiu kjq;fisf; fle;j kdpj khzpf;fk; ,NaRtpd; tho;tpy; Gdpijahf ,iwab NrHe;J tpl;lhH. Mf;d]; vd;w jd; ngaiu ve;jg; Gdpijapd; ehkj;ij Vw;Wj; njNurh vd khw;wpg; gzp tho;itj; njhlq;fpdhNuh mNj Gdpijahd rpd;dj; njNurh ,we;jJ 1897 ,J epfo;e;j E}whtJ Mz;by; mjhtJ 1997y; jd; gzpia Kbj;Jf; nfhz;L guNyhfk; Vfptpl;lhH. md;idapd; gphpitf;Nfl;l mfpyk; midj;Jk; Nrhfj;jpy; Mo;e;jJ. Ik;gJ Mz;L fhyg;gzpapy; rhjpkj Ngjkpd;wp GzH tho;T ngw;w kf;fs;> mdhijfs;> NehahsH> mgiyfs; vj;jid? vj;jid?. ,g;gbr; rhpe;J Nghd r%fj;jpw;Fr; rhkiu tPrpa G+kuk; rhpe;jhy; jhq;f KbAkh? kf;fs; neQ;rq;fspy; rkhjp nfhz;l md;idiaf; nfsutpf;Fk; Kfkhf ghuj muR mtuJ mlf;fehisj; Njrpa Jf;fjpdkhfg; gpufldk; nra;jJ.

74


xU thufhyk; cyf kf;fspd; mQ;rypf;fhf md;idapd; cly; fz;zhbf; $z;by;itj;Jg; Gdpj njhk]; Myaj;jpy; itj;jdH. Njrpa nfhbfs; miuf;fk;gj;jpy; tplg;gl;ld. cly; Njrpaf; nfhbapdhy; NghHj;jg;gl;lJ. ,e;jpa kz;zpy; ,U ngUe;jiytHfshd kfhj;kh fhe;jp> NeU MfpNahiur; Rke;J nrd;w gPuq;fp tz;bapNyNa md;idapd; clYk; nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;lJ. cly; jhq;fpa gPuq;fp tz;bapy; rNfhjhp epHkyh cl;glg; gy rNfhjhpfSk; mkHe;J ,Ue;jdH.

,e;jpa jpiu cyfpd; gpd;dzpg;ghlfp c\h cUf;fkhd ghlnyhd;Wghb midthpd; fz;fisAk; frpa itj;jhH. ,e;jpa mur jiytHfs;> gpujkH kw;Wk; 50 ehLfSf;F Nkw;gl;l jiytHfs; MfpNahH fye;J nfhz;l gphpahtpil mJ.

75


md;idf;F cwtpdnud;W vQ;rpapUe;jtH md;idapd; mz;zhpd; kfs; M[pAk; ,j;jhypapypUe;J te;jpUe;jhs;. jpNurhit ,yl;rf;fzf;fhd kf;fSld; FUf;fs;> JwtpaH xd;wpj;Jg;

gq;nfLj;J mQ;rypj;j fhl;rpia vg;gb tHzpg;gJ.

76


cyfj;jiytHfspd; cd;djkhd mQ;ryp.

md;idapd; cly; jhq;fp ,uhZtk; gPuq;fp tz;bapy; vLj;J tUk; ,Wjp Chtyj;jpy; rpYitAk;> nkOFtHj;jpAk; Ve;jpa gPlr;rpWtHfs; ,uhZtj;jpdNuhL ele;J te;jJ rhpj;jpuj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtkhd epfo;thFk;.

fy;fj;jh thdk; fWj;j Nkfkhff; ftpe;J fple;jJ. kioj;J}wYk; ,ilapil Jf;fk; tprhhpj;Jf;nfhz;NlapUe;jJ. CHtyk; "md;id ,y;yj;ij" mile;jJk; md;idapd; cliy ,uhZtk; "md;gpd; gzpahsH rig" aplk; xg;gilj;jJ. ,y;yj;jpd; cs;Ns Eioe;jTld; Kjy; Kw;wj;jpy; mlf;fk; nra;jdH. mlf;fj;jpw;F ntspahl;fs; mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. ntspNa ,Ue;j ,uhZtk; mur khpahij mspj;J 16 gPuq;fp Ntl;Lfisj; jPHj;Jr; Nrhf fPjj;ij thrpj;J tpil ngw;wdH. jdJ kiwtpd; gpd;dH ve;j kzp kz;lgKk; fl;l tpUk;ghj me;j kdpj khjhtpd; ,Wjpf;fphpia jpUr;rigf; FUf;fs;> MaHfs;> fUjpdhy;fs; E}w;Wf;fzf;fhNdhhpd; ,uq;fy; jpUg;gypAlDk; Vida kjj;jiytHfspd; topghLfSlDk; epiwNtwpaJ.

77


KbTiu

tl fy;fj;jh kf;fspd; tho;it tskhf;fpa tdpij md;id njNurh> mq;fpUe;jthNw Muk;gpj;j r%fg;gzp mj;Jld; epd;W tplhJ> ,d;W cynfq;Fk; thOk; Viofs;> mehijfspd; ,jaq;fspd; ,ul;rfpahf epiyj;jpUf;fpwhH. cyf tuyhw;wpy; Mapuk; Mz;Lfl;F xUtH jhd; kfhj;khthf Njhd;w KbAk; vd;gJ tuyhW fz;l cz;ik. me;j thpirapy; Njhd;wpa XH cyf Njtijia> Viofl;Fk; mehijfl;Fk; md;GUtha; tpsq;fpa kfhj;kh md;idiaf; fz;Nlhk;> mwpe;Njhk;> EfHe;Njhk;. r%f Nrit md;idahfj; jdJ 87 Mz;L fhy tho;itj; jdf;nfd thohJ gpwHf;Fhpatsha; tho;e;J> tskspj;j jha; ,ts;. Ntjid Kl;fspy;> Nts;tp ehl;fspy; jhd; cytp te;j gzpapd; KJikia> ,tuJ clw;jir kbg;GfSk;> Kftdg;Gk; Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

kdpj Neak; vDk; Gdpj tl;lj;Js; jhahfTk;> Qhdg;gpuhl;bahfTk;>rKjha Nrit Mw;wp tho;e;J fhl;ba risf;fhj r%f md;idia cyfk; ,dpf; fhz;gnjg;Ngh?

"vy;NyhUk; ,d;Gw;wpUf;f epidg;gJNtay;yhky; Ntnwhd;wwpNad; guhguNk" vd epide;J cyfpy; jd; JaH ghuhJ mLj;jtH JaH Njbr;nrd;W mgakspj;j md;id> ,d;W vk;Kld; ,y;iy. "gyid vjpHghuhJ gzpnra;jNy Nrit" vd czHe;J > "nra;tJ vy;yhk; vdf;Nf nra;jPHfs;" vd;w NaR gpuhdpd; mUSiuf;Nfw;g jPgkhf tpsq;fpa xspr;RlH> mize;J tpl;lJ. MapDk; me;j md;id vd;nwd;Wk; Viofs;> mehijfs; neQ;rq;fspy; ciwe;J tho;thH vd;gjpy; vt;tpj IaKk; ,y;iy. mJ kl;Lk; my;y

"itaj;J tho;thq;F tho;thd; thDiwAk; nja;tj;Js; itf;fg;gLk"; vDk; thf;Ff; Nfw;g thdtH Njhoikapy; tPw;wpUg;ghH vd;gJk; jpz;zk;.

78


md;id Gdpij MfpwhH.

tho;e;j NghNj "elkhLk; Gdpij"> "nja;tg;ngz;" vd;W thahu tho;j;jg;gl;l md;idf;Fg; Gdpj gl;lk; mspf;fg;gl;lJ. cyfk; Gdpij vd;W md;idf;Fg; gl;lk; #l;bdhYk; jpUr;rigapd; kuGg;gb mjpfhu G+Htkhd mq;fpfhuk; Ntz;LNk. jiyikg;gPlk; nra;j Ma;Tfspd; gbAk;> GJikfspd; ntspg;ghl;bYk;> itj;jpa mwpf;iffs; rhl;rpaq;fspd;gbAk; md;id tpz;zfj;jpy; GdpjHfs; thpirapy; ,Uf;fpwhnud;gJ njspthfpw;W. mjd;gb epfOk; mf;NlhgH jpq;fs; 19k; ehs; Kj;jpg;NgW ngw;w gl;lk; md;idf;F toq;fpf; nfsutpf;fg;gl;lJ. fhj;jpUe;j ehSk; fdpe;jJ. ,iwtdpd; topelj;jiy vg;gbg; Nghw;WNthk;. vy;yhH kdq;fSk; fsp$u thdtH Jjpghl ghpRj;j je;ij mtHfs; mNef fUjpdhy;fs;> MaHfs;> FUf;fs;> JwtpaH> ,yl;Nrhgyl;rk; kf;fs; Kd;dpiyapy; ,iwtopghl;Lld; md;idapd; Kj;jpg;NgW gl;lk; epiwNtwpaJ. njhiyf;fhl;rpfs;> nra;jpj;jhs;fs; %yk; ehKk; fz;L fspf;ff;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ.

vkJ ehl;bYs;s missionaries of charity rigapdhpYk; ,U mUl; rNfhjhpfSk; xU mUl; rNfhjuUk; tpohtpy; gq;Nfw;f tj;jpf;fhd; nrd;wik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. Kj;jpg;NgW ngw;w gl;lkspg;G epfo;thdJ vy;yhH cs;sq;fSf;Fk; kfpo;tspf;Fk; nra;jpay;yth? md;id njNurhtpd; Nrit mtH mikj;j fUiz ,y;yq;fs; thapyhf> mtH gzp njhlUk; md;Gg;gzpahsH topahfj; njhlHtjhf Nrit njhlHe;J nrt;tNd topelj;jg;gl ,iwtd; fUizGhpa Ntz;Lnkd;W mtuUis ,iwQ;RNthk;.

,JNt ehkidtUk; md;idf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; ed;wpf;fldhFk;.

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kpd;dQ;ry; %yk; Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l jfty;fs;> Gifg;glq;fs;.

More collections and photos taken from the following internet links.

Beatrification of Mother Teresa of Calcutta

Missionaries Of Charity, Bangalore - Order of Mother Teresa

The Mother Teresa of Calcutta Memorial Page

Mother Teresa Photo Gallery

Who Was Blessed Mother Teresa?

Mother Teresa of Calcutta - EWTN

From Wilipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Ma;Tf;Fjtpa E}y;fs;

E}y; vOj;jhsH

G+kpapd; Njtij tpd;nrd;l; rpd;dJiu

Mother Teresa Navin Chawla

Mother teresa & missionaries of charity

R.K.Ahluwalia

Shashi Ahluwalia

http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20031019_index_madre-teresa_en.html

http://www.geocities.com/Athens/2960/mothert.htm

http://www.catholic.net/hope_healing/template_channel.phtml?channel_id=22

http://www.canoe.ca/MotherTeresa/gallery.html

http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Teresa/WhoWasTeresa.asp

http://www.ewtn.com/motherteresa/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:HomeForTheDying-Calcutta.jpg

Documents

Mother Theresa · 1 Mother Theresa – Project by - Sylvia John 2005-01-22