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, MOR! Document ID:> 11421:11421 INTRLlGENCE CINRR GM 61-2 14 March 1961 LAOS. CAMBODIA. VIETNAM. THAILAND ZONE OF CONFLICT IN SOUTHEAST AS/f' ,.- " . .. .'- CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY . ' .. -", .. - OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND REPORTS WARNING Tblo .... ' .. <tr.! _ .. ,_ .... f<>_.U"' ... lb. 1<1._1 Del ....... '" 0.. Un"." S ..... __ h .... :'blO:; .. .... .. ." . .. '" . -i . -, ,- ..... ". ! . _ .. - .... ;;-:::--::::::; " .!" ;.. _0'

 · MORl Document lD:> 11421:11421 J TeXTIIt.:.o 'Xbe tc~:i.n 01: the arellt.frO>;ll tb

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Page 1:  · MORl Document lD:> 11421:11421 J TeXTIIt.:.o 'Xbe tc~:i.n 01: the arellt.frO>;ll tb

, MOR! Document ID:> 11421:11421

INTRLlGENCE MEMOR~NDUM

CINRR GM 61-2 14 March 1961

LAOS. CAMBODIA. VIETNAM. THAILAND

ZONE OF CONFLICT IN SOUTHEAST AS/f'

,.- " . .. .'-

CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

. ' .. -", .. -

OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND REPORTS

WARNING Tblo .... ' .. <tr.! _ .. ,_ .... f<>_.U"' ... H~ lb. 1<1._1 Del ....... '" 0.. Un"." S ..... __ h ....

:=.k~"" :'blO:; ::';':;~~:.:~~ u!..~pe= .. t'~t..~ t;n.::.~ ....

-~. .. ." . .. '" . - i . -, ,--~--.....

". !

. _ .. ---;':~":.:?-::::::::::::::: -....;;-:::--::::::;

" .!" ;.. _0' _~.

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MORl Document lD:> 11421:11421

J

TeXTIIt.:.o

'Xbe tc~:i.n 01: the arellt. frO>;ll tb<III weatern 1:imJ.t8 o~ the :kbOTat P1a1;.eau to the coaut or tb", Soutb Ch~ Be ... :f'orms ... pllt.t't.ern of a1tlU:"D&ting h1~ ..... 4 1 ...... - " !lande. or1.ent:e,s approx:S.lta't.eJy north-8OUt:b. XD genera1 .. ~nt 2.n the l.ov1an<la :le re~'t.i.ve~ easy. at :Leaat 4urblg the oSry season. but. i.s ext-J;"eJDe~ 4i.:t'nou1t ;1n the ____ ta:lnows areaa at .11 'loS-a.

"Die _atern 'boie.er ot the KhoX'at P:La't.eau 18 :t'onae4 b7 ....... r1. .. ; or steep :IiIlOUft­taw ell~:rpmentll. Y'ltS.eb tnL41t!.one.~ baa :torme4 .... ertect:l_ ba.Tr:ler between "the plateau and the lIIOre ecODoPL1.ea11¥ advance,s eeat:ra.1. 1.ovl.an4 or 'l.'ha.:l].!W4 •. All • eonsequenee .. the. paopl.e or "the. p1a .. t ...... u have b .... n .n"~ntea e.st>n0r4 touard tbe Mekong R::I.ver. !l'b.e surtaee of" tbe p!lateau i.te.U 1.8 ].eve1 -to un4uJ.atinS an4 810pea sentl:;lr to the .outb and eaat.. t~ the Me"konS. Because nearl:;lr aU ot the pl.a._ teau baa 1oca1 re11.er 8lIlO1.U1twg to ].eaa than 100 reet and 1lii1opea or ;I.e •• than. 2 percent .. tbe terra1n :S.n "l.taetl.1" 1.a generall7 ravorsb1e :tor eroaa:'countX')'" Uleeban:l...,d trave1.· Movement .. bentever .. ::I.a 1J.ke~ to be 11.m;lt .. ,s b7 oII .. a.eona1 :I"1oo4a. 4ecUluous foreata <It tbe llegJ.oa .. and the Ub:lq"Ui.touII :r1ce--:pa44¥ 41kea • ..ndoh --:r be. aa much aa .. reet :In he:lsht.

'1'he Makons Valley. 1oI'b:lch borders the lO:!Iore.t J':lateau on tbe nort>b ....a east.. enter .. 1>11e Reg:lon :f'rom. Cb1.na and exten4s .couth~ to the Souta:t. Cbs.na. Bea. No.rtb 01: V:lent.f.ane. tbe Stream troush :ls narrc;. ... and, :In ~ placea .. gorgettkeJ but to the BOUth the -va1.1e7 "become. :pouch 1ea8 re.tr:1cWd. DownStream. 1'r0lll V1ebt;S.lILne to the Cambo41.a.n border the -.:1n. pl.a:lne area.s are those. 8urr0un4:lng V:1ents.a6e and ee.~kh.e.t.. -nu. :f'or1J>III'~ :le BCIIIIIe 70 by 30 m:ll.eB ~~ extent and the 1.a.tte.r .. 100 by 80 JIl:l1es. Fe.rther aouth .. at.·!'alloaac .. the' valley opena ~ the ride Ca.Di>od1en pl.a"1n. "Vh:lcb merses nth tbe Vaet- Mekons; De1ta arellL. Tre.d:1t:l~ .. the Mekong VIILl..l.ey hlt.s boen IlL _:in artery :tor porth_aouth t_4e DOVi..nB co..!;he r:lver -.n4 al.ons: Route 13. wb:1cl:1 pa.ra.lle18 the r:lver. The lChope Fal.l.a 8.Dd the XbelllllBrat Rap:lds .. how-eVer. -."ke throush c~r:leal. ·:na.v:1pt:lon n"0IQ t~er reachea 01: 1;be ;ri.ver to V:1ent1.ane f.JIIpract;:lca.1J aDd dete.r:lorat:l.on of" Btretchea or R<mt>e 13 reatr1ct truck IDOVe1I>ent .. pa.i-t:lculAr~ 4urf.ng the ra:ln,)'" lIaaaon.. Loea~ .. t:be MeIwDa R:lver re ... :lne 8 very :important mea.:lUJQ ror ~pt .. 10Ihetber :1t be norUJ.-aouth 810ne the ;r:lver or ea.at-veat. between laos and the Kborat. Pl..&t.e.a.u.

. Il:le:lns fi'om the. eastern IPIU"g:ln of" the Mekong Va:uey :1B the ereat b:lg):ll.aPd c0IUp1ex that extends Uke a "bec"kbone" :f'r<:CI the Ch:l.ne .. e border thrQUSbO"Ut -t:be 1ength or Xn4ocblna. to the margl.os of" the. Mekong J)e1t;a. ".l!h:1a bac"kbone -. compr:1se4 or great lIDcn.mta1n r.ns,ee .. 1a.:rge ar.4 al.mo ... -t;. ;lmpene.t;rabl.e :u...aeatone areas. and barren plAteaus . __ :1 •• 4et1n:1te barr:1er to movement of' all typelS and both econCllD:lea~ and ·ou1t_l.3y baB rema.:l.ned. veX')'" pr:1mS.t:lve_ 'l'he feY eo.st--velilt route_ that traverlle the b::l.gb1a:nd canp1ex rol.l.ow r:lver val.l.e;ya -- as ::In We case or Route 7, "Wb:lcb :f'Ol.l.OWB the ~ Co. to the Pla:lne deB Z"arreB -- or eroaa the mount.a:l:n. throue."h pasillea liIUch a.s the Mu G:la.. The ~ l.ong P~-IIOUtb. road ..,:1 t.b:ln 1:.he b:l.shla.n~8 i.. South V:letnameSe llout.e 1.1t 1"rma. Chon 'l.'baDb -to Kontum .. wbJ.c:h follow. the re:lat:lYel;y- 1eve1 all%"tacej of' th1 cha:ln of' p1ateau. bet10reea tho tvo lJett1ementlS.. . . __

Ea.a~ of' the b:lQb.1andu ana. bor4er:t.ns the Sout.b Ch:l.nA Sea i.e the coalSt;a1 1mrJ.and, yh:lc:h ,exttlntltl the 1en.gt.b of xn4ocb:lna. _ !l'b:1I1 . .1ow"]..an~. baa b .. en the .tr.a:l.~:l.ona1 north.­.aouth route 1.0 V-,.etne.a>., and. 1.t ~i.:ll..1' orrer. ,the bee!' l.ong:i.tu4:lDa.i l..:l.nes of eOlDllU­p"J,.cat:lon betweon - N;>;rtb Dhd 8outh~ V:S.e. t.naiD".. • A1 thOUBh -'the' coastal. p1a:ln s. 8eneral...l,y 1evnl., '.outl.:l.eT.' ~ the 8.dJo:ln1.ng :r:.~ .• enc,rpac!;1 ',~~ :I.~ 1.0 ~l;ace ... 1"~ _ "bot;t1ene.c~, or ~t~ .~:1nes of' 4.e2""e.nBe: '.' I '~ .-.-•• ,._:;. ___ , _:. _ ' • ,. ~ ':.

~" .... ' ',' -~."", ..... ,.- .. " .. ,. '.".:,':'.':' ';-',-

··'-~""=oush"":i::.,..=,., to denote Plateau

, '.",:,~-" , .-.'. ; .: I .: '.- ." ;.- ~,':.-

• . ,t --- ... '<:;S: =

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MORl Document lD:> 11421:11421

• • CUattl

Th .. t~op:lea1 lIlQtl.5Ioona~ c11Jaate,. c~ t;.o th .. :A;es:lon,. :1.-. ona 0:[' tbe most ~e_ .t;.~:lotl.v. ~ tile plQ'&.1ca1 eLementll. Cbare.oter!.zeo. 'by .. eumn>er ras..ny .e.son .na. .. winter dry _aIlOP, the. c1~te ball .. etrona re~t0r7 e:[':t'ect. on the everydAy U:['e 0:[' the peasani; as ·well •• OD aJ.1:l.tary aot:lnt:le,,:

J)'lu.":lns the eUlDll>oer ra:lrQr •• aBon.. from .. bout June untl.1 Bepteldber,. torrent:l.a1 r&:lne __ u t.b • .-:lv.n-s an.o. caUSa f'1oo4iDS over vallt :land areall. To tibe peasant tb:lll :1.-11 tbe r:lce tp'CN":l.ae: •••• on .. but to those :1nvo1ved :1n aet:lv:lt.:lee G..pendent On _Chan:l:u=d t;.ranspOX"t;at:lon St i.e .. e.ason of ~trat:lon. Even _:In roads -.y b. 'b1ockod 'by _8b0\.0-t1l. l.andB1:ldes .. and mlllllnS br:l4gellJ 8Il4 lIeCont!A.q roatlll' fre~ quent.ly become Btr._ be4.. A:lr trai':['!.c -.r be gea~ cur'taU,e4 or CODlP1etely p'ovn4e4 bY We II~ and pOOf' V':l1l:lb!.).:f:t.7_ AYa7:f'rORlo tba pr~ roade,o 1oa:le­t:lca "JDB;¥ 'be .4 .. pend .. nt ent1.rel;r upon transport 'by 0001.1. ... or oxcarte.

V:ltlJ the ceBsaUon 01: the ra1nD 1..n Septelliber or Oct.o'ber .. the rl.vers sbr:lDlc. and ~l.oOd. reeede .. the days becOCDe c1e~ &n4 rel..at.!.vely 0001. ana. travel.. con-4it;.:lonB are at an opt:baum. :En IDOWltA!..rl _:l3.e)' ... however,. JJ>OrUing .£OSB -.:F .t.:l~ re.trt.ct .~ trave1:

xn M:..rch and Apr:l1 .. c1a:ll;r -t.e.pe~.tureB 'becOl!le excesss.vel;r h:lSh. the ground parohe.. aDd tbe .1:moapb ..... become. halt>Y :f'roca the com'b1na.t.:lon 01' Gu.'t,. &n4 • ...o'ke :t'rom the :t':lree assoe:lated v:lt.b t;he "lIlash and bu:r:n" agr1cu1ture. of' 'Ule peasants. "rbe ba.ze -:F 'be den.e e~ to :»revept aU reconna!.8eance and su;ppl.y Grope.

hOp1.

The. popul.&1;.iOft of the ReS10Q 1. charaete~:Lze4 b)' at.hno6r&pldc an4 rehto.4 1:lngu.1&t1c ec.npl.ex1.t7 (e.a Map 29'839)_ 'J:!b:ls COIIIlp'l.ex:lty 18 re:['1ect>ed 1..n 'the cu1t..u:-al. d!.spar1't.:l •• among 'tbe 4:ltcerent sroup- -- d:lapar:lt1e. vh.1ch are aV':l­Geneed b)" JIl:lnor external. -.n:l:['eetat1on& .uch •• recosnizab1e 4:lfferenc_ :S.n "'ra4.f.t:lona1 tr:lbe,1 c1otb:lng •• nd Berve a& det.errents to the achlevement or j

'"batl.ona1. .ol.1CaT1t;y. . ~

'l.'be 8Ophi8tlcate4 nat1~1s -- the OJ;'haf. .. laots.ans. Cambod:lanB (lOlIne~Il'). and V1et.nameee __ "Vbo contr01 the po1:lt:lco1 .nd eccmc.>f.o re:1n1l of t'be:lr respect:lve Countr:lSB 11ve S.n t.he 4elUle17 _tt1e4 1.ovlB.nd ere&& (eee Map 29837 .. Wb.:l.cb ahows popu1e.t1on dene:lt;y by prov1r.lce). '.1'be II\&ny pr1.udtJ._ tr:lba1 peop"ee ot the Reg10n a~e ~r8ely d:l8tr::Lbuted s.n t.be e.d.101n:lng b:l~II. 'Where there-""_ • recosnf.1r.B4 al.t:Ltud:lnal. 8trat:Lt"l.ca.t:lon 0:[' t'be d1fterept. tr:lbal. uoupe- Nat;1ona1 boundar:lea do not ettect.1vely separate ctlm:lo group- :S.n 't,.be J\ea:lon .. ana. cu1tur_ ,.l. .U1n:lt:les are 1:lkely 1;0 outve'ish the rela-t:lvel.y poorl,y deve10ped pat;.:lop&1 1oya1t;.:lee.

Xn .~ 01' t.be ccnmtr:les. the .Oph:lst:lcate4 ~1and peOp1e bavs resarde4 the ~1an4 tribal. people v:lth d:l&¢aJ.n .. eeU:lns thea 'by such derojptDrT ... enae •• JCba. \"S1ave" :in t&ots.an) or No:l ("Savage" 1n V:letnamese). Government 0$:f'::Lcl.a1& and ~r8 01' the -upper cl.a.G.ea bav .. expected hUPd111;.y an.4 serv:l11:t.y :l'rom tbeJll but

.... bave la~sel.y 1snore4 t;be aoc1 ... 1 and econODl:lc need. ~ tbe t~:Lba1 people ° 'rb1.a ..... tt::Ltude oC .uper:lor:lty .. 1D turD. haa ~ende~e4 among them. toe1:lng or ref'ent_

·lI\BDt and o:['ten ant.f.pat~ 'tcrwe.r4 the _tional. 8Overmr>entB and _'kes them parlf.eu­l.s.rly 8uecept::Lb1e to ant:lgovernment prcpagan4a..

Bur!ldh:lsm 1s 't1le aosrd.no.nt rel.:lg1.on or 'tlto Reg:lon,. but 1t 1._ • Bu4dh:l8JII per­_.tea v!.t.b ADbd.": !rhe _et IIIB-jor:lty of 'tbt'= peop1e are sp:lr:lt vor&b:lpper. and are a-teepe4 ~ .uperBt:lt:lon. even 't,.o the 0:t:['1e:l&l. 1eve1. Vbe~e at :l.-t;e vor.t the .UpOr .... t.'t:lon hae been rel'1ected '1n aeereea a:t:tect.s.ne: the econom1.ee 0:[' t:he C01.1n_

- .. - ---- -~ ........ - -,,_ 1'or ~l.e. att~!.but.e" Smmort.a1:lt;y to the - - --0_.0.- __ _

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MORI Document ID:> 11421 11421

L---+ __ I"

..•. ,-' .. '"

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I :,.

'.l'he 0"'110 o~ the chron:1oa1~ pcnrert.y-atr1ekeD lO>orat Pl..&1>e ..... s. l.Udq..... Here. the Ocmib:tn.at:10D of Sntert.1l.e :Later:1t10 ~O:l.1B .. lUll errat.10 ral.nfa11 that; s._ often too 1:1tt1e an4 too :Late. ana pr1m1-t:l.~ asr:leu1tura1 _thoda. oomb:1ne4 Y:1tb .. corol.1aq .lac'k. or cap:lte.1 to ~OVG_ tecbn1q'Uea .. bae reeu1ted :lA trequent crop fa:l1uree &nd l!t:1.ery. !fbe l.e1"t:lst tandenc1es attr:l.buted to the :AeS1Oft ~ be traced :l.n :part to the :reatr:let:l.na :ln1'1uenaea or the environment :ltael1'.

'file _:In Ddnera1 ro.ources ana. lIIodern s.nauatrSa1.. lII&I1ui'actur:l.ng l'ae:ll.i.t1.ea of the Redon are currentlY f0un4 :l.n North V:letnem (Bee Mil.p 29840). 'l.'be resourcea ~ the ant.hrac:lte coe.U1eJ.4 ... devel.oped by the French .10 Qua..."'l& Ten .. for ex.&.u!Pl.e. dvarl th6se or the Bo".n.b V1o(l'l;.Dam depca::lt at NOI>,8. Bon. S:1.ud.1ar~ .. the capac1ty ~ the texts.1e plant at Jiam ;;:;:lnh :1a much 1a:rser 1'.hal:IL 1;he 00<:P1:>:1ne4 capacs.t1ea ~ the two :reoent13r C0lllJ?1ete4 i;.e-xtS1e p1anta :l.n SOuth V:1.t._~ Vb.:l.ch h'!l.'Ye .. total. or some "0.000 .p~a. !the F;reneh-c1eve1ope4 Jta1phong ~nt P:lant :1e a1:.s.11 the 1azseat ;In Southea.t ABa. laoe aDd Cad>od1a. are :notablY lac1dne: 1ft both 'knowu I/l1.nera1 reaOl.U"oea an4 me.nut'"c~1.>TJ.n.s 1"ac11StSeBJ a1:tbougb. under .. ebb •• a Co;mmtn:1.t 1'1DarIc:la1 grant. lI20dern r,. .:::t;.or:l.,a for the cOImIerc:la1 prcX!.uct1.oo or cotton "~:1l.e ... peope.l.". plyvood .. ar.~ ~n'to ere be:1ng construet.e4 :1n QBmbo4:la.

"J.'ran!J>ortat:l.oq .

:In BlOst of tho ar~o. tranaportat1.on 1'ac:U,::lt:1ea are ~'l .... te re»o :norma:!. tra.:f'1':l.c even dur.tn& t:!le dry aeason (eee HIIIp 29038). '.l"he:lr s.oe.4oq..-cy :I.e .,,­ceo1;\I&te4 1ft the :ra~ __ eon 'When trattJ.o ::I.e greatl,Jr ou;rta5.l.ed. , .... ..:; .• on the _:I.n h:lSb~e. XD La::.., vb:lcb ha" PO .... :1.1 .~.tom, ~e as.two.t::lon :le pa.rt..S.cul.&x'l,Jr ac\rt;e a. 18 ~SC! .. ted by 1:.be a.aeona1 c10a:tne: by government 4ecree ot Feott.one or tba _in. :r.Ol"t;.h-eoutb Route 13. Cont:lnuows, heavy Dt:1Ut;.ary tTarf::le vQll1d;( rap:ldlY break down 1II05t roadbe4t:' tn the I'leS1on.

Jt:Lvera are 1-':lIIPortant arterJ.ee o£ travel.. thr~t the Res-:l.on. (Jeaera1l¥. tbe:l.r ran&e or nav1.ga'b:l.11.ty and conae'l:uentq the:lr uaef'u.1neBB .I.e :lncree. .. ed by hf.gb _ter 011 o-,!~ ~,e ra1n;y lieason.

Au transport &1eo :1e ext>reme1Jr important- 'bo the Re-g'{'on.o p~t1.cul.e.rl.y",,£or .upp~ relDQte lU"ea •. , ~blg the r&1.ny lIe&son .. hovever.o :C.l;,-:tng cond:l.'to1.ontll as ",e11 , oJ o1..rt:-r:l.l'l'Bt:1un ~ lan4i.Dg t:1e1ds can great1Jr eurta.:l.1 t-:!.e:lr u\;:lUty.

Future D:l.f'f':l.cy1t:l.e.

B:l.ther a negot:to.ted po1:lt:l.ca1 eettl.emen'to of' the :taD'to:l.Gn cr:1a:la or an ext.en­.::lon o£ the t:1Sbt:l:ne;"'ou.1d be eon1'ronted by the :lnherent. cCQIIP1ax:l.ti.es of' the pr1Ddtive env:1roDtDent. Any po1St.:lca1 d:lV1..:l.OD voul.4 almost certa'1n1y be trans­ueesed by" et.hn:lo at:f":ln:l:t:l.ee. "E .. calAt.:1on" of the rt.shttns .. v:l.tb the use o£ brs.er conventf.ona1 forces .. wou14 :1.nv01ve dUt:lcu.l.t euppl¥ probl.eme, whJ.ch vou14 baCOlllllS &out.e durt.ns. t;.be r,Q.:l.ny ee .. eon. 1.'r the curren'to £t.Sht!.ng cont-1.nuea :Lnto . tbe ra:lnT aeaeon .. suer1l.1a.-vartar .. tllloct:loS v:lll alJllo.t necessarJ.~ pre4om:lnato. Bot:.b s:l.4 •• w1.l..1 have l.os:Lst1.ca1 prOb1ema beel!LUBe severe veather ",1.11 l..1Ddt bnth .. s.rl1rop. and motor:Lzec1 <vebS.eul.ar traf'f'1.c. Xn such c:Lrc~te.ncelJ .... cQOl.J. ... and a.n:lEa1 transport w:lll be :lnc11.spenoab1e.

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_EIT Gap., AVAfU8LE

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~t~ -­' .. ~ ;,,~ . , .' Z~: ..

t1< .' , --~ -

VIETNAM •

CLFI,,#<'

OF

TONK~,,!_

---.--'.

, SOUT·,.,

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. .;L

, . OF

I.~ . ,

• INDOCHINA AND NORTHEAST THA.ILA.ND

SI::LECnO TRANSPORTATION· ROUTES

..... utaM> ,_noo. r:::J:6'-- (rnI1oo> --­

~- ...... --- .' ---TttACI< .... ,IWL <l) IIOUn _ ..... ,"'"

---�t<f' ...... _L ............... • .....,1OH.lL ...... '~L ~.,...""'"

... ..

. "'n..._ ~ G

ClIARACl'ER'IS'l'1:CS AIm CAPACITLES OF MEI!DNG 1IERlU:J!8*

I

--" ... =.,.-

, F 0#

........ , -Mek....s, -Rj._r~ :h-0lII __ a o:>oru. to KratJ..~ oou14 .0.;..........&._ LI.P' to' ,,!J~OOO .bort --f0it._ ..

j.f!' .&<5:<1:<:1. ___ oohJ.pp~ _ ..... vaJ.1e,l>1 ... - Ha~_tJ.~ be_ ... KratLo and hltooe :I.. S-rlt.er::upt:.e4 JChone FaU •• na theref!'ore j. .. not t'e .... J.bl.e. ho. hka. to Savannakbet~ ~t R .. pJ.4 •. Dav1pt1on to the hJ.(!hvater perJ.od~ .:J\I.l.y t:hrOU8h lfovember. carl«>I bowever" _n be tran. to ~ruekoo bel.ov XhOlHl F.lls emd IIIOve4.bortbwar4 a10nc Route KO. '13 .. Pft.:'"allellDe: tl» Keko

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........ •

rt-~cm. I

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JaI.1¥.- .... s.."1&~ •• P.11r~ port f".no gener ... 1- carse> and POL. c..p"'CI.t:lr 9~300 abort "0Jl. per.&o.TJ 8,000: to- -. ~f' tlerO:;h1nl:1. c ... q !>anAl.e Uu"ee ,oo-t""oot ........ 0 ".., .. e .. 1.a of" 29-:root 4¥"af'b. POL -t. .. 1u>r ".

1.:baJ.t : vs.th deptb •. err 1; "to :n 1"ee" .1ona; .. 1-46 at Hb& Be, 10 aJ.1ea .out:.h. A_~·.l.b1e .. ra...... 20 loe4e4 crane .. of' 1.;-"0». OAp&e1-tlr, 9 lIhl-p;ye.rd cr ......... of' 5- to')!i-to»' c&p-.cI.t7. '. "". . .... . .' . .. '

-. :va Han,t a:. .. port for senera1 C&rao .n4 POL. CapA":l.q- 2.700 abort 10 ...... per tJa¥S 23.000 L l'eet 0 b .. =bi.ns:"-" 1nner harbors ;uml.ti.Da 4ep£b 1~ feet in approa.eh <>hanna]. to :lDDe'r bar'! outer barb"", """P"'b:Lo of' anehorins 1.arg ... t:. _ .... l.·· ... noe.t. Ava1-l4bl.e arouuo.sel , a.utclaot1-y, cr ...... of' 2.!5- to ].O_ton eapaes.t;y.'" .•.

1l.ng)!o1u lIiver port f'Or senoral. cargO ... d POL. Capael.t;y 10,200 .hort tomI per ~I 83,01 ·1:lne'" ,...,el- ot' b .. rth1--og, can ha.nt'U.e y ..... lG v:S.tb d.ra:r ... l.W to 2~ -re.t;. AYai.l.&bl.e cwanage 2'" CILl"go .,ranell of' 2. to :eo_ton ca:»&.c1.ty. Bar e,t _til :Of' Chao Pbraya R:tver Ir"el!ltr:tuta an' -to.vellee1.8 o/kawb1& 2" t .. et or !.ell •• , ..

R1.ver port' tor _.,...L carSo. .Capao:"-t7 '3 .. 300 abart tons per da,yJ bor~ .t.an4ard ....a 6 .~L oc....n-t)'pe cargo Ye .... 1B .. ]. coa.taL-t;ypo car'" ........ 1 .. ,: . "... . .

. "

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T H A • AND

An Gans 30 3.832 601.,477 An Xwen 37 4,952 216,650 'Bill. X~en ... ,,~> 638,91.3 B:1.en Boe. ".5 1, 01. .7.,W. B:Lnb Dinh • 9 .. 678 601.. 3 B:1.nh Duong 22 1,672 293,693 B:L .... h Long 20 2,334- 6~ .. 931. :B:l.nb '.l'buan

,. . 4 .. 404 246.320 . B:l.nh Tu:I . >7 4,030 34,083 Density Con Son (blAnd) .. 64 4,918 Dor1ad 9 12,608 1.40 .. 7!)1 0 _oo_In __ '-"

1>1nh~ ·7 2.220 656.003 __ ~P\' ___

010:10. Dl.nh .4 70' 62~,957 ~'i!t.~,;);" Khonb B~ >0 '.536 26 ,1,7 K1..en O:l.a.n& ... 6.828 435,1.1.7 "=a:;OO-Y--'-KJ.eD Boa. 32 2.1'" ,..0.6~ • ""-cop"'" K:1eD Phong 29 2.614 266.72 3 KJ.en 'l!UonB •• 2,297 511-.333 Kont_ • .l.1,230 76,06.1 ~{ ..... ".... " 1J.726 59.' Long An ~~" 2 .. 331. 483. 0 )6

Lena I\b&nh ·,a' 73,973 Ninll 'nluan . " . .;t.l.. "~'-~

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SOUI'H """""'" (Cont:lnue4)

... p -. Prov1.nco ~!!.!. (Sq. Mi..) PORu1a:t:.i.."JD. .- Phuoc. I.cm« ,. '-" .. 163 ., 39,668 Pb~_

10 2 .. 947 65 .. 352 l'buoe Tu;y .~ £ .. 7 8 3 122 .. 1.30 I'hu YeD ~.16' 3'1., 3l> I P~Uru 7 .'" =.'" _Duo .. 5 .. 'JI!.3 23,678 Quane: "am 3 u._ 941,630 . ~uans "pi.. , .. ~ 664,821.. Q.uans ':rri.. 1 '. 1 269 .. 3'1-7 Tay N:lnb 21 -.- 283 .. 350 Thua 'l'hi..en 2 '.8'i6 "'22,"'93 Tuyen Due 12 '.~3 :;6,,1.07 Vi.nb B1nb· 33 2. 19 5211. .. 851 V:l.nb. Lo;)£ 31 1._ 532 .. "lO-"

""""" """"""" mae Giang 13 1._ ~3,352 :eac KaD • 1,$016 85._ Bac NJ.nh 12 37' 520,787 eao 13ans 2 2,532 ~.069 _Dccs 17 ,98 .. 531 lIa Giang J. 2,977 ~;~ 11. Nau 19 ." H. 'l'1nh . ... 2 ... 378 689 ... 3'f9 Ha.l Duong il . 831 -.-Ba:l NiDh 1.,1JI.3 lJt.II,72'" Roe. Binb 18 1. .. r.~ 236.or.1. Hune yen l6 299 605 .. 539 Kien An 21' 284 "2.875 ...... SOn 6 2 ..... 3'1- __ 262.956 r.....o~. 7 2,1.61 "102.~ nam Di.nb 23 621 1·t7. Kgb .. AD .5" 6,,.,.. 1... 1.,8IJ2 1Ii.nb B1nh .. 644 459.675 Pbu !1'bo 9 1 .. .466 "'5.~ Quans lJ:lnh 27 3,207 3'1-2.. 9 , "nn_ :LO -386 .380 .. ~3

Ii '.l'ha.:l. lJiDh .....-20 573 4: .. 161.. .. 763 ".l'ha:l Ngl.Q'"en , . 1 .. 2811- 290 .. 255 !l'hanh Boa 2' _.122 1,598 .. 261 .Tv;yen ~ 3 2,"'311- -.-:V1nh Pbuc YeD U 763 m·183

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