Main Idea - A global economy is one in which the production, distribution, and sale of goods take place on a world- wide scale

Chapter 33: The World in a New Century Section I: A Global Economy

TSWorld History

A. Economic system

Main Idea- A global economy is one in which the

production, distribution, and sale of goods take place on a worldwide scale.

A. Economic System

Rich and Poor Nations- Industrialized nations are mainly located in

the Northern Hemisphere.- Nations in the process of becoming

industrialized, sometimes called developing nations, are located mainly in the Southern Hemisphere.

- Examples of developing nations include India, most countries in Central America, and some African nations south of the Sahara.

A. Economic System

Economic Interdependence - Interdependence is the dependence of

countries on goods, resources, and knowledge from other parts of the world.

- Countries are always willing to trade with their allies but not with their enemies.

- The World Trade Organization, or WTO was established in 1995

- The WTO is the only global international organization that deals with rules of trade between nations.

B. Workers of The World

Main Idea- Developed nations control much of the

world’s capital, or wealth, trade, and technology.

B. Workers of the World

Worldwide Wages- By federal law, no employer was permitted

to pay less than this wage: $5.15,in developed work places.

- Many companies in developed nations are eager to build factories in developing countries because the workers are willing to accept lower wages

- However, when a company moves its factories to another country, jobs are lost at home.

B. Workers of the World

Child Labor- Child labor work performed by a child younger

than the defined legal age is common in some parts of the world.

- Children might work because there is no school for them to attend or because the family needs the child’s wages in order to survive.

- One of The World Bank recommendations is that developing nations, with the help of the international community, should help to improve the quality of education.

Chapter 33: The World in a New

CenturySection II: Earth

and the Environment

A. Pollution

Main Idea- Over the past century, economic

development has taken a heavy toll on Earth’s environment. Much of the world’s water, air, and soil has been polluted and many natural resources have been used up.

A. Pollution

The Use of Pesticides- Pesticides are chemicals that are used

to kill insects and weeds that destroy crops.

- Pesticides that have been used to protect crops have sometimes caused illness in birds, animals, and humans.

- Today, farmers use fewer harmful pesticides and fertilizers in order to protect the environment.

A. Pollution

Chemicals Disasters- Prince William Sound is an important fishing

ground for salmon, halibut, and shrimp. - It is also home to wildlife such as seals, sea

otters, birds, and whales.- The broken hull of the tanker Exxon Valdez

released more than 10 million gallons of oil in the sound

- The oil slick quickly spread over approximately 1,300 miles of shore line, killing wildlife and polluting waters.

A. Pollution

Acid Rain - Acid rain has become a major concern

throughout the world- Acid rain is especially dangerous

because it can travel hundreds of miles from the source of the pollution

- Countries all over the world are working on ways to reduce acid rain

B. Impact of Population Growth

Main Idea- Overcrowding in these cities and in

some metropolitan areas has led to many environmental problems, including pollution. A metropolitan area is a large city and its surrounding towns and smaller cities.


Endangered Animals and Plants- In recent years, hundreds of different plants

and animal populations all over the world have shrunk alarmingly, mostly due to human causes.

- These causes include overhunting, overfishing, urbanization that destroys habitats , climate changes, and pollution.

- Throughout the world, biodiversity, the number and variety of plants and animals that make up an ecosystem, is threatened.


Waste Disposal- Industrialization and population also

increases the amount of effective waste humans create.

- Waste disposal is divided between consumer waste, which can be hazardous and must be discarded according to industry and government regulations.

- Some people also compost biodegradable waste, such as kitchen scrap and plant cuttings, by mixing it with soil.

C. Earth’s Changing Environment

Main Idea- Over the past century, people have

made great advances in technology. However, these advances have had some negative effect on the planet as a whole.


The Ozone Layer- In recent years, many scientists who study global

climate have become concerned about Earth’s ozone layer.

- Earth is surrounded by a layer of ozone, a natural gas, that protects it from the Sun’s ultraviolet rays.

- Chemical compounds called chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, found in air conditioners, refrigerators, insulation, and packaging, drift into Earth’s atmosphere and react with the ozone, destroying it.


Global Warming- Most scientists believe that this will

cause worldwide climate changes. This increase is known as global warming.

- These gases stay in the upper atmosphere, trapping earth’s heat.

- Carbon dioxide occurs naturally in the air, but humans actively add large amounts of this gas to the environment.


Efforts to protect Earth’s Atmosphere- People all over the world believe it is

time to take action on global warming.- In 1997, representatives of more than

150 countries met in Kyoto, Japan, for a conference on the environment.

- The conference members agreed to reduce worldwide emission of greenhouse gases by as little as 5% by 2010.

Chapter 33: The World in a New CenturySection III: Facing Global Challenges

A. Poverty and Disease

Main Idea- Many of the world’s people suffer from

poverty and disease.


Poverty and the United States- Many people work for a living at jobs that do

not allow them to have such necessities as healthcare or adequate housing, especially in developing nations.

- In its Millennium Report, the United Nations pledged to take steps to see that children throughout the world remain in school.

- The UN intends to see that schools provide children with at least one nourishing meal per day.


Fighting Malnutrition- All human beings need certain nutrients, or

vitamins and minerals, in order to enjoy good health.

- Many children around the world under the age of the five die of malnutrition every year

- Wealthy nations are trying to combat malnutrition by donating food and sending relief workers to countries in Africa south of the Sahara, eastern Europe, and other areas that have been devastated by war.


Battling the AIDS Virus- In 2001, the United Nations reported that

an estimated 36.1 million people were infected with some form of the AIDS virus.

- AIDS has no cure, but a patient under treatment can live a long and productive life.

- Organizations such as Doctors Without Borders have persuaded drug companies to offer medicine to developing countries at huge discounts.

B. The World’s Population

Main Idea- Overpopulation and human rights are

two of the challenges faced by today’s leaders.


The Problems of Overpopulation- Improved diet and healthcare throughout

the developed world and in developing countries means that people are living longer.

- Water, food, housing, and jobs are all basic things that people need in order to survive.

- The United Nations is working with governments to develop ways of providing safe drinking water to these countries.


Human Rights- Human rights are the basic freedoms

that all people should have. - In China, citizens have not enjoyed

freedom of speech.- The government may take citizens’

passports at any time.


Achieving Literacy- In today’s world, literacy means more

than being able to read and write.- Literacy also includes being able to do

simple arithmetic and to apply one’s knowledge to solving problems.

- The United Nations reports that about 113 million school-age children today do not go to school.


Modernization Versus Tradition - Modern communications and speed of

travel have made the world seem very small.

- Western styles seem to be everywhere in the world, modern products invite consumers to purchase them.

- The majority of the people in the world are relatively poor

C. Conflicts Throughout the World

Main Idea- The world faces many challenges,

including regional conflicts and the rises of terrorism.


Participation in the Political Process- Although there are still some hereditary

monarchies, a few Communist governments, and some military dictatorship, a great deal of progress toward democracy has been made.

- As education and communications have improved, more and more people have demanded the right to choose their own leaders.

- Throughout the world, people are able for the first time to learn about other cultures and ideas


Regional Conflicts- At the beginning of the twenty-first

century, many countries were torn by violence within their own boundaries.

- For all the violence, however, there is still hope for peace.

- In some cases, talks are already underway to resolve the conflicts.


The Rise of Terrorism- Terrorism has been a worldwide problem for

many years.- The Middle East and others terrorists have

demonstrated their hatred of the United States through various attacks, include the destruction of the World Trade Center in New York and the attack on the Pentagon, near Washington D.C. in 2001

- New Technology is being used to make certain that no weapons can be brought on board planes, trains, or buses.


The War on Terrorism- The United States began the war on

terrorism abroad in the country of Afghanistan.

- There, the Taliban government protected the terrorist Osama Bin Laden and his Al Qaeda followers.

- The United States wanted the Taliban to stop protecting Bin Laden, but the Taliban refused.


Responding to Nuclear Threats- As the Cold War ended, many nations began the

slow process of reducing their number of nuclear weapons.

- Despite setbacks in reducing nuclear weapons around the world, the ideas behind the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty are still viewed as valid.

- The United States and its allies had been concerned about the possibility that Iraq was stockpiling chemicals, and biological, and nuclear weapons and could launch an attack.

Chapter 33: The World in a New

Century Section IV: Looking

to the Future

A. Technology Improves the Human Condition

Main Idea- Scientific research is being used to

fight world hunger and identify genes that may lead to new medicines and cures


The Green Revolution - The Green Revolution could be called a

battle to provide the world’s growing population with enough food for all.

- Scientist were certain that they could develop new varieties of plants that were heartier and easier to grow than existing ones.

- In 1944, Norman Borlaug, an American scientist worker in Mexico, developed a high-yielding wheat plant


The Genetics Revolution- Every cell in the human body contains

genes that are passed on from parents to a child.

- These genes determine how a person’s cells will function.

- In 1990, scientists began some project to understand the human genetic code.

B. Into Outer Space

Main Idea- Space exploration, both manned and

unmanned, has allowed the world to see places that have not been explored before.

B. Into Outer Space

Challenges To Space Exploration- During the 1970s, researchers at the National

Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) created the technology of the space shuttle.

- The space shuttle served as a reusable rocket and spacecraft, allowing astronauts to use the same craft to enter orbit repeatedly.

- In more than 20 years of its operation, the space shuttle program has suffered two major setbacks. January 28, 1981, the shuttle Challenger exploded after liftoff. On February 1, 2003, The space shuttle Columbia fell apart several times which killed all seven astronauts.

B. Into Outer Space

Space Mission in the New Century- In 1988, the United States began

working with 14 other countries to build an International Space Station.

- The Hubble Space Telescope, launched in 1990, sends pictures that operate in space.

- Recent space missions have involved spacecraft with no crews on board.

C. Technology In Communications

Main Idea- Internet and other technological

advances have increased communication among people all over the world.


Televisions and Telephones- Today, 98% of American households

have televisions.- Cable and digital television have

improved access and reception and made hundreds of channels available.

- Cell phones are used today by hundreds of millions of people around the world, in developed countries as well as in developing countries.


The Internet- Computers around the world can be

connected to one another.- The World Wide Web, introduced in 1991, has

made it easier for people to use the Internet.- Through the World Wide Web, people can now

read a foreign newspaper, purchase airline tickets, find the text of a political speech, check the day’s weather forecast, and send written or photographic messages to friends, all while sitting at a computer.


Challenges and Hopes- In the twenty-first century, people around the

world wonder what new challenges await them.

- When faced with new challenges, people must come together .

- Nations have begun to realize that they are all dependent on other nations.

- In the future, people all over the world will draw strength from their diversity and their commitment for freedom and equality.

THE END

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Main Idea - A global economy is one in which the production, distribution, and sale of goods take place on a world- wide scale