wiMAHAViR

Cin No. U 51909 MH 2002 PTC138369

Global Coal Ltd.

Letter No. MCWPLj GMjBHENGARI/2020-21/ 152 Date: 10.10.2020

ToThe Member Secretary,Expert Appraisal Committee (Coal Mining),Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change,Indira Paryavaran Bhavan, Jor Bagh Road,Aliganj, New Delhi - .110 003.

Subject: EDS reply for the project Setting up 5.0 MTPA coal washery at Bhengari Vii/age,Gherqhore-Tetisil, Raigarh District, Chhattisgarh by MIs Mahavir Coal WasheriesPvt. Ltd. - Reply to Essential Details (EDS) - Environmental Clearance reg.

Sir,

It is to inform that we have upl?aded reply to the EDS raised on 14.07.2020 as below:

Sr. No. EDS Points Reply

1 Attendance of people present Attendance sheet of people present during public hearingduring public hearing and shall be included in Annexure-XIII of EIA-EMP report. The sameincluded in EIA-EMP report attached as Enclosure-1.

2 Letter with details of PH from Letter from Member Secretary CECB to MoEF&CC attached asMember Secretary, CECB to this Enclosure-2Ministry

3 Report on Wild Life Conservation Wild life conservation plan of Schedule-I species along withPlan for presence of schedule-I fund allocation submitted to PCCF for approval and the samespecies (all species) with fund attached as Enclosure-3(a) and 3(b).allocated as approved by PCCF

4 Greenbelt implementation plan Greenbelt implementation plan along with time line and fundwith time line and fund allocation allocation given in Enclosure-4. About Rs.2.49 1- allotted for

qreenbelt/qreen cover development5 .Point wise compliance of TOR is not Point wise compliance to TOR conditions along with TOR

included in EIA Report letter issued by MoEF&CC attached as Annexure-I of EIA-EMPreport.

The reference of the same given in Table of contents, page-3& Chanter-I oaraoranh- 2 oace-i of EIA-EMP report.

6 Overall plan of utilization of MOUs with companies for lifting of washery rejects attachedwashery rejects with quantity shall as Enclosure-5.be provided along with MoU's

7 Provide NABL certificate of sub NABL certificate of consultant Mis. Vimta Labs Limitedconsultant engaged by main attached as Enclosure-G.consultant

We request you to consider our proposal in the next coming EAC meeting for grant of EnvironmentalClearance.

MAHAVIR GLOBAL COAL LTD.Delhi Office: 198 Vasant Enclave, Rao Tula Ram Marg, New Delhi - 110057

Ph. No. 011-26141901/2, Fax: 011-26141906· Email : mahavirglobalcoal@gmail,comChhattisgarh Office: Vardhman Complex, 1st Floor, Raipur Road, Parsada, Bilaspur, Chattisgarh - 495223

Ph. No. : 07752 - 252156· Fax No. : 07752- 252150

Enclosure-1

Public Hearing Details

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ENCLOSURE-1 PUBLIC HEARING – PEOPLE ATTENDANCE SHEET

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Enclosure -2

Letter from Member Secretary for Public

Hearing

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ENCLOSURE-2 LETTER FROM MEMBER SECRETARY TO MOEF&CC REGARDING PUBLIC

HEARING

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Enclosure -3

Wild Life Conservation Plan

MAHAVIR COAL WASHERIES PRIVATE LIMITED 198, Vasant Enclave, Rao Tula Ram Marg, New Delhi-110057

Phone No. 011-26141901/ 26141902 Fax: 011-26141906

Letter No. MCWPL/GM/BHENGARI/2020-21/151 Date: 15.09.2020

To The Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Sector 19, Kotara BhanthaNaya Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492101

Subject Setting up 5.0 MTPA coal washery at Bhengari Village, Gharghora Tehsil, Raigarh District, Chhattisgarh by M/s Mahavir Coal Washeries Pvt. Ltd.

approval of Wildlife Conservation Plan reg.

Reference: EDS Raised by MOEF&CC

Sir,

We have applied to the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MOFF&CC),New Delhi for granting environmental clearance to our above 5 MTPA coal washer

project.

MOEF&CC has advised us to provide "Report on Wildlife Conservation Plan for presence of schedule-I species (all species) with fund allocated approved by

PCCF "A copy of Essential Details Sought (EDS) is enclosed.

A copy of Wildlife Conservation Plan prepared by our consultants is enclosed for your

kind approval.

Thanking You, Yours faithfulyjyale Limited

For MGWRg Fot Mahavir ga

Authorised STghalory

Navia'Kumar] General Manager

Enclosures: EDS & WL Conservation Plan

29--20

BHTG,

akhm Tower, Near Triveni Bhawan, vyapar vinar, Bilaspur-495001 (C.G) Dhn 077E nc4n7 I neAno E~

. 77E n a Coa r 495001 (CC .

WILD LIFE CONSERVATION PLANFOR

PROPOSED COAL WASHERY OF 5 MTPA AT BHENGARI VILLAGE,

GHARGHORA TEHSIL, RAIGARH DISTRICT, CHHATTISGARH

Environmental Consultant:

September , 2020

Project Proponent:

(Approved Consultant)

WILD LIFE CONSERVATION PLAN

Vimta Labs Ltd., Hyderabad

(QCI/ NABET Accredited EIA Consultant Organization.

Sr.No.167 as on 10th June 2020

NABL Accredited & ISO 17025 Certified and MoEF&CC

Recognized Laboratory)

M/s. Mahavir Global Coal Washeries

Private Limited

198, Vasant Enclave

Rao Tularam Marg

New Delhi - 57

WILD LIFE CONSERVATION PLAN PROPOSED BHENGARI COAL WASHERY

Table of Contents VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad

Table of Contents _______________________________________________________________ Chapter Title Page _______________________________________________________________

1.0 Brief Introduction of the Project 1 2.0 Wildlife of the study area: Rare / Endangered/

Threatened (RET) and Schedule I Fauna 2

3.0 Predicted Impacts of the Coal Washery on the Schedule I species 3

4.0 Wild Life Conservation Plan 5 5.0 Conservation of Schedule I species 10

6.0 Budget for wildlife Conservation 23

Table-1. List of Reserved Forests (RF) and Protected forests (PF) found within 10 km from the Coal Washery Table-2 List of Schedule I species reported from the buffer zone of the Coal washery. EN means Endangered; LC means Least Concern; and NT means Near Threaten Table-3: Activities proposed and budget allocation for Wildlife conservation for 5 years

Figure- 1. Study area and the villages / places where elephants were sighted.

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1.0 Brief Introduction to the Project:

M/s Mahavir Coal Washeries Pvt. Ltd. (MCWPL) proposes to set up a new coal washery

of 5 MTPA capacity at Bhengari village, Gharghora tehsil, Raigarh district,

Chhattisgarh State. The project was considered by the Expert Appraisal Committee

[Thermal and Coal mining projects] in its 35th meeting held on 14th to 15th May, 2015

and 47th meeting held on 30th November - 1st December, 2015. The Terms of

Reference (TOR) were issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate

Change (MoEF&CC) vide letter no. J-11015/161/2015-IA. II (M) dated 3rd February

2016.

At the request of MCWPL, the Ministry extended TOR validity up to 03.02.2020 vide

letter no. J-11015/161/2015 IA-II (M) dated 13th February, 2019 for preparation of

the EIA / EMP along with public hearing. The public hearing for the proposed 5 MTPA

coal washery was held on 8th December, 2019. Wildlife conservation plan was

submitted as a part of the final EIA. The Ministry advised the project proponent to

revise the Wildlife Conservation plan with special reference to the Schedule I species

in accordance with the TOR. Hence, a detailed plan for conservation of Schedule I

species found in and around 10 km radius around the proposed project site is

submitted.

The proposed Coal washery is located at Bhengari village, Ghargoda tehsil, Raigarh

district of Chhattisgarh State. The project site falls in Survey of India (SoI) Toposheet

No. 64 N/4. About 39% of the total study area (11780 ha). is forest land. The forests

include reserved and protected forests. However, a large portion of forests have

become degraded due to heavy grazing, illegal cutting of wood including the

trampling impacts due to movement of cattle. The encroached areas of forests for

cultivation still have some tree growth outside the cultivated fields. A list of forest

blocks found in the buffer zone is given in Table-1.

Table 1. List of Reserved Forests (RF) and Protected forests (PF) found within

10 km from the Coal Washery

Sr.No Reserved Forests (RF) Distance (km) Direction

1 Bhengari PF 1.3 S

2 Chhindpani PF 1.5 NE

3 Ladmikhair RF 1.7 WNW

4 Katangi PF 2.2 NE

5 Suhai RF 2.4 S

6 Marpahar RF 2.5 NE

7 Panikhet PF 2.9 S

8 Dhumapahari RF 3.4 W

9 Lotan RF 3.5 SW

10 Nawagarh PF 4.5 N

11 Bojia RF 5.1 NW

12 Garainbahari RF 7.0 W

13 Kuret RF 7.4 NE

14 Rabo RF 8.2 S

15 Samaruma RF 8.6 SE

16 Taraimal RF 10.3 SE

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Table 1. List of Reserved Forests (RF) and Protected forests (PF) found within

10 km from the Coal Washery

17 Pochpedi RF 10.4 NW

18 Rabo Dongri RF 10.5 NNE

There are no notified Wildlife Sanctuaries/ National Parks or any ecological sensitive

area of biodiversity importance within 10 km radius of the proposed coal washery.

2.0 Wildlife of the study area: Rare / Endangered/ Threatened (RET) and

Schedule I Fauna

Vimta Labs Ltd., the NABET Accredited EIA Consultant for the Bhengari Coal washery

and Dr.M.L Naik and Dr.Sanju Sinha have carried out the primary survey of the

Ecology and Biodiversity of the project site and its buffer zone of 10 Km radius.

According to a detailed primary survey carried out by both the teams, none of the

plant species found either in the core area or its buffer zone is included in the

threatened Taxa of the Botanical Survey of India (BSI) or in the Red List of the IUCN.

There are no eco sensitive areas such as the Wildlife Sanctuaries or National Parks or

Biosphere Reserves or Ramsar Wetlands or Important Bird Areas (IBAs) but there are

protective areas such as the Reserved Forests and Protected Forests as shown in

Table 1. Based on both the primary survey and on the reliable secondary data such

as the working plans of the Forest Department, the following Schedule I species are

most likely to be found in the reserved forests present in the buffer zone of the

project site (Table 2).

Table 2: List of Schedule I species reported from the buffer zone of the Coal washery. EN

means Endangered; LC means Least Concern; and NT means Near Threaten

Scientific name Common name IUCN WPA Status in the buffer zone

Melursus ursinus Sloth bear VU I Found only in forests

Mannis craasicaudata Indian Pangolin EN I Found only in forests

Panthera pardus Leopard VU I Found only in forests

Gazella bennettii Chinkara LC I Both forest and non-forest areas

Elephas maximus Elephant EN I Mainly forests

Pavo cristatus Peacock LC I Both forest and non-forest areas

Varanus bengalensis Monitor Lizard LC I Both forest and non-forest areas

Python molurus Python NT I Found only in forests

It is evident from the data in Table 2, a total of 8 Schedule I species are most likely to

be found in the buffer zone. Out of the 8 schedule I species, 3 of them belong to the

Least concern (LC) category of the IUCN, 2 belong to the Vulnerable (VU) category

and one comes under the Near Threaten (NT) category of the IUCN. Both NT and VU

are lower risk categories in the IUCN system. Only 2 are in the higher risk

Endangered (EN) category. Indian Pangolin (Mannis craasicaudata) and the Elephant

(Elephas maximus) are under the higher risk EN category of the IUCN. In the EIA

report submitted during 2019, King vulture (Targos calvus) is listed as one of the

birds present in the buffer zone and it is shown under Schedule IV of the Wildlife

(Protection) Act. However, after thorough verification, the red-headed

vulture (Sarcogyps calvus), also known as the Asian king vulture, Indian black

vulture or Pondicherry vulture is an Old World vulture mainly found in the Indian

subcontinent, with small disjunct populations in some parts of Southeast Asia. It is a

WILD LIFE CONSERVATION PLAN PROPOSED BHENGARI COAL WASHERY

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Critically Endangered bird and it belongs to Schedule I. But it was never spotted or

reported from the study area. Hence, after careful review, this species is excluded

since it is not present.

According to reports, groups of 12 to13 elephants made short visits of less than 24

hours around Bhengari, Panikher, Pakadarha, Bilaskhar, Charmar and Nawapara

villages in the buffer zone. But groups of 1 to 28 elephants stayed for a longer time

of 8 to 30 days near Singhijhap. Lotan, Kataipali and Bojan Villages of the buffer

zone. Study area and the villages / places where elephants were sighted are shown in

Fig 1. During these visits, elephants used to cause damage to crops and property

leading to conflict between the locals and the elephants. Officials of the Forest and

Wildlife Department drive these elephants back in to the forests and compensation for

loss of crops and property is paid as per rules. Hence, the elephants found in the

study area are just invaders and don’t stay for long in the study area.

Special consideration of Biodiversity conservation area:

Conservation of an area should be to the extent that it develops in to an

ecosystem which is climatic climax to the area. Ultimate aim of conservation is a

sustainable ecosystem;

Emphasis should not be given to the conservation of a single species. This may

require altered maintenance of an ecosystem, which may lead, ultimately to the

destruction of the ecosystem;

With the shrinking of habitat, development and maintenance of extensive corridor

is essential for the conservation of species, which require a large home range.

This is essential because a single reduced habitat may not be able to sustain

species requiring a large home range for a longer range;

However, basic to any conservation plan is to know the status and required

optimum biodiversity of the area. Serious efforts must be made to evaluate these

two parameters; the status and required optimum bio-diversity of the area,

planned for conservation; and

It is now the role of the policy maker to frame policy and to allocate appropriate

funds to evaluate the status and required optimum biodiversity of the area,

marked for conservation.

3.0 Predicted Impacts of the Coal Washery on the Schedule I species

Principles of Impact Assessment:

While assessing the impacts of any project, additionality due to the project is to be

examined and analysed. If the environment and habitat have the capacity to

assimilate or absorb additional impacts due to the projects and or if the overall

adverse impacts can be neutralized with suitable remediation plan / technology,

the project can be established in the proposed site. With respect to biodiversity,

according to International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA), the project

can be established if there is no net loss of biodiversity.

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Fig 1. Study area and the villages / places where elephants were sighted.

Bhengari

Places of elephant sighting

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4.0 Wildlife Conservation Plan:

Naik and Sinha prepared an exclusive site-specific wildlife conservation plan for the

project. The report deals with all aspects relating to the status and conservation of

the Schedule I species. Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), Scaly Ant Eater (Manis

crassicaudata), Leopard (Panthera pardus), Elephant (Elephas maximus), Indian

Gazella / Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) among the mammals; Peacock (Pavo cristatus)

among the birds; and Monitor Lizard (Varanus benghalensis) and Python (Python

molurus) among the reptiles are the Schedule I species reported from the study

area. There are also reports about the temporary use of buffer zone by the

Elephants. The report also categorically states that 12 to 13 Elephants have

occasionally visited the buffer zone but thy never stayed or resided in the buffer

zone. The report also says that they raid the paddy fields and cause extensive

damage. After carefully assessing the local and IUCN status of the Schedule I

species listed above, their behaviour , feeding and breeding aspects as well as the

habitat requirements they have suggested standard practices and protocols such as

the habitat improvement, habitat protection; prevention of forest fires; measures for

prevention of poaching and finally creation of public awareness a through mass

education. In case of Elephants, they also suggested restricting the elephants to

Elephant reserves and creation of interstate migratory corridors.

Conservation plan for the Schedule I species listed: Principles of

Conservation of Wildlife:

4.1: Issues and Challenges involved in Wildlife Conservation:

The word conservation is considered synonymous with preservation. Preservation has

no meaning in conservation of a biological species. Conservation of a species is not

preservation. We preserve food, fruits, vegetables and museum specimens. We also

talk about conservation of water and natural resources. But the concept of

conservation of a species is totally different from the preservation of food and

conservation of resources like water. It may be possible to conserve an individual

(but not a species) till it dies by keeping it under ex-situ conditions. But that is not

going to save a species if it is rare or declining or facing threats of extinction. Every

Act and Rule promulgated by every country for conservation of any rare or

endangered or threatened (RET) species emphasizes the importance of habitat

conservation as the primary and the most essential component of species

conservation.

4.2: What is a biological Species?

A species is defined as a collection of individuals which under natural conditions can

feely exchange their genes by cross breeding producing viable and fertile progeny of

their own kind.

4.3: What is being done in India for conservation of a species?

In India, apart from the Wildlife Protection Act, Forest Conservation Act,

Environmental Protection Act and Biodiversity Act, we have species-specific

conservation plans for individual species like Tiger (Project Tiger), Elephant (Project

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Elephant), Crocodile and Sea Turtles. We have elaborate set of rules, and operational

procedures. In general, they emphasize the importance of habitat conservation as the

basic means of in-situ conservation. Habitat conservation calls for the intervention of

the authority concerned. A project proponent has no right to undertake any forest or

wildlife conservation plan in a forest area which is under the control of the Forest

Department.

The following fundamental issues have been considered while preparing workable,

adequate and feasible species conservation plan:

i. Desirability and essentiality: Do we need to conserve a species that belongs to

the Least concern (LC) category of the IUCN simply because, it is included in

Schedule I? Our Wildlife Protection Act is more or less stationary? But the IUCN

comes out with reasonably latest information and annual Red Data Records. The

former is concerned about the protection of the species in India while the latter is

concerned about conservation at global level and in all areas where it exists.

ii. Feasibility: Can anyone go and feed a Leopard or an isolated wild elephant? Can

we conserve a species by posting some security guards?

iii. Adequacy: How do we know that the plan for conservation given by someone is

adequate and capable of conserving the species?

iv. Practicality: When there are different projects or industries within the same

buffer zone and everyone gives his own conservation plan. But who is going to

take the lead when it comes to its conservation? Can a project proponent take

any action for conservation of a Schedule I species present in an area over which

he has no legal right without the permission from the Wildlife Department? Is it

simple to obtain such permission?

v. Holistic vs fragmentary approach: Will it be possible to sustain any wild

species in situ without a holistic approach? Fragmentary approach may be fine in

case of conservation under ex-situ conditions but not in case of in-situ conditions.

Based on the secondary data about the presence of an individual of a Schedule I

species like Sloth Bear in the buffer zone, we need to know about the following

fundamental aspects?

i. Size of the population: Number of individuals in the given habitat

ii. Health and age of the population, with special reference to reproductive age and

sex ratios etc.

iii. Quality of the habitat

iv. Carrying capacity of the habitat

v. Potential threats to the species

vi. Whether the project is going to cause shrinkage of habitat or fragmentation of the

habitat or loss of feeding and breeding grounds or impairment of ecosystem

functions or disruption of Ecosystem services or alteration of predator – prey

relationships etc

vii. The specific niche of the species- its length (narrow niched species or Steno

species and width (broad-niched species or Eury species)

viii. Interactions within the populations and among the populations

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ix. Inherent threats to the population from known and unknown quarters.

The plan should be legally tenable and hence a brief mention of the legal aspects is

made below:

4.4: Legal Framework for Wildlife Conservation in India

The Government of India has introduced various types of legislations in response to

the growing destruction of wildlife and forests. These are:

4.4.i. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (Last amended in 2006)

The Wildlife (Protection) Act (WLPA), 1972 is an important statute that provides a

powerful legal framework for:

Prohibition of hunting

Protection and management of wildlife habitats

Establishment of protected areas

Regulation and control of trade in parts and products derived from wildlife

Management of zoos.

The WLPA provides for several categories of Protected Areas/Reserves:

National Parks

Wildlife Sanctuaries

Tiger Reserves

Conservation Reserves

Community Reserves

4.4.ii: The Forest Conservation Act (1980) and the National Forest Policy (1998):

The National Forest Policy, 1988, (NFP) is primarily concerned with the sustainable

use and conservation of forests, and further strengthens the Forest Conservation Act

(1980)

4.4.iii Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Rights)

Act 2006

4.4.iv: The Environment (Protection) Act (1986), The Biological Diversity Act (2002),

4.4.v:National Wildlife Action Plan (2002-2016) replaces the earlier Plan adopted in

1983 and was introduced in response to the need for a change in priorities given the

increased commercial use of natural resources, continued growth of human and

livestock populations, and changes in consumption patterns.

4.4.vi:Wildlife Conservation Initiatives by Indian Government:

Project Tiger ; Project Elephant, Project Crocodile; UNDP Sea Turtle Project are

examples of species-specific action plans.

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4.vii: Conservation approach inside Protected Areas

1. Train frontline forest staff in wildlife law

2. Train frontline forest staff in trauma management

3. Train frontline forest staff in systematic patrolling

4. Support intelligence gathering to crackdown on wildlife trade

5. Help hire specialised lawyers to fight critical wildlife cases

6. Improve mobility of frontline forest staff by donating vehicles

7. Help deploy radio-collars and monitor tiger and leopard movement/dispersal

8. Conduct health check-up camps for frontline forest staff

9. Provide veterinary support to conduct post-mortems of wild animals

10. Influence policy through targeted research and dialogue

11. Work in close coordination with the forest department

12. Provide veterinary help during translocation of wild animals

13. Estimate carnivore populations using camera trapping

14. Help strategies and implement anti-poaching operations

15. Help monitor human disturbance and animal distribution inside tiger reserves

16. Motivate forest staff through Wildlife Service Awards

17. Provide essential equipment for forest guards and patrolling camps (anti-poaching

camps)

18. Train frontline forest staff in wildlife monitoring

4.4.viii.Conservation approach outside Protected Areas

1. Enhance livelihood options for local communities to reduce their dependence on

forests

2. Strengthen human-wildlife interface management to mitigate future conflict

3. Support intelligence gathering to crack down on wildlife trade

4. Estimate populations of large carnivores in human-dominated landscapes

5. Advocate an integrated conservation approach involving local communities and the

forest department

6. Study long-term changes in land use and land cover patterns

7. Assess impact of infrastructure on forest connectivity and suggest mitigation

measures

8. Partner with NGOs, educational institutes, corporate and multilateral agencies to

further our conservation goals

9. Work in close coordination with the existing government machinery

10. Influence policy through targeted research and dialogue

11. Assess landscape connectivity and help identify wildlife corridors

12. Spread awareness on wildlife and climate change

13. Provide veterinary support in mitigating human-wildlife conflict

14. Train the staff of territorial forest divisions in wildlife law

15. Help improve the law enforcement mechanism along wildlife corridors

16. Study dispersal of tigers and leopards in human-dominated landscapes using

camera trapping and genetics

17. Strengthen the rural education system – Teacher training; Developing learning

aids; School infrastructure support

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18. Understand the correlation between human behaviour and conservation

4.4.ix: High Priorities for Conservation and Management of Wild animals:

We need to understand the following before any Conservation and Management Plan

is finalized:

1.Animal behaviour: It is different from human behaviour. Unfortunately, our

knowledge about the behaviour of the wild animals is elementary. This includes

territoriality.

2.Habitat suitability and adequacy: Besides spatial and topographical issues, resource

inventory, carrying capacity, threat perception, conflict with human and or

domesticated animals and sustainability of the habitat need to be examined before

trying to conserve a species in situ.

3.Residential status: It is important to know whether the wild animal found in a place

under consideration is just a casual or accidental visitor; whether it is on the move or

migrating and whether there is sustainable residential population.

4. Population monitoring: A program of regular, systematic monitoring of known

populations is essential. Breeding grounds should be identified and mapped. Census

techniques need to be refined and standardized so that they are scientifically credible.

Initially this should be carried out in protected areas.

5. Protection of habitats: Changes in habitats such as resource base, changes in

topography, land-use and land cover, water resources require monitoring. Adequate

protection should be afforded to prevent poaching and destruction of breeding

grounds. It is absolutely necessary to maintain the integrity of the ecosystems so that

they continue to support the wildlife. This includes controlling pollution by urban

waste and industries, development of potentially disastrous water harnessing

projects.

6. Captive Breeding: It is essential only when there is a negative population growth

rate due to lower birth rates and higher death rates.

7.Post-release monitoring of restocked animals: A number of studies in India and

abroad show that many of animals produced in captivity failed to survive when

released in wild. The situation of captive breeding of Mugger in India is in a kind of

crisis due to overstocking in captive breeding centres and uncertainty of the success

of restocking.

8.Identification and minimisation of negative anthropogenic influences: Some of the

major anthropogenic threats are known but need to be pinpointed and mapped. Thus,

multidisciplinary actions involving all stakeholders, such as the people living in wildlife

habitats, Government departments such as Wildlife, Forest, Irrigation and Fisheries

are needed. Identification and mitigation of human/livestock disturbances to wildlife

habitats are needed.

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9. Public awareness/education about wildlife: Public awareness is an important priority

within the scope of overall management plans for the species. Zoos could play a

greater role in lobbying for public sympathy. Conservation NGOs need to utilize the

media as part of awareness programs.

10.Sustainable use schemes: As long as we try to alienate people from wildlife and

as long as there is conflict between wildlife and people, conservation plans are not

going to yield desired results. When Emu is grown all over the world, is there any

anything wrong if people are allowed to domesticate Peacocks and keep them as

Pets? Placing a value on wildlife is a proven technique for gaining acceptance of local

people. Just because of fear of misuse, can we conserve any species by putting it in a

cage? Conservation is not preservation.

11 Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks, Wildlife Reserves: The presence and

sustenance of any wild species (not an individual) in any particular area over a long

period of time is an enough indication that that the area under consideration is the

best bet for conservation of the wild species.

Hence, instead of trying to do preserve an individual or a few individuals in strange

habitats, the safest bet it to rescue the same and release them in a nearby sanctuary

5: Conservation of Schedule I species:

5.1: Conservation of Elephant (Elephas maximus indicus): Project Elephant:

Though there are reports of invasion of 12 to 13 elephants in to croplands of the

buffer zone, no elephant was found residing in the study area at any time. They are

usually driven back in to the Wildlife Sanctuary located at a distance of 57 Km. The

elephant corridor passing through the vicinity of the buffer zone boundary is no longer

in use. The whole area is under extensive opencast coal mining. Hence there are no

chances for revival of the corridor or conservation of Elephants anywhere in the study

area. For the conservation of Elephants, Project Elephant stipulates the following

procedures and protocols.

Project elephant is a centrally sponsored scheme launched in February 1992. The

scheme helps and assists in the management and protection of elephants to the

States having free-ranging populations of wild elephants, in order to ensure the

survival of elephant population in the wild and protection of elephant habitat and

elephant corridor.

5.1.i: Objectives of project elephant

Protection of elephants, their habitats and elephant corridors.

Mitigation and prevention of man-elephant conflict.

To ensure the Welfare of domesticated elephants.

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5.1.ii The aim of this project

To ensure the protection of elephants from hunters and poachers, and prevent

illegal trade of ivory. It also includes the strategy to prevent unnatural causes of

death of elephants in India.

To develop and promote scientific and planned management strategies for the

conservation of elephants.

To mitigate and prevent the increasing conflict between humans and elephants in

elephant habitats. It also aims to reduce and remove the pressure of human and

domestic livestock grazing and other activities in important elephant habitat.

To ensure ecological restoration of the natural elephant habitats and their

migratory routes.

To promote scientific research on issues related to conservation of elephants and

promotion of public awareness and education on these issues.

To ensure the proper health care and breeding of domesticated elephants. To

facilitate veterinary care and Eco-development for the elephants

5..1.iii:Major threats to Elephant Corridors

Problems such as elephant habitat loss which is leading to fragmentation and

destruction primarily due to developmental activities such as the construction of

roads, railways, buildings, holiday resorts and electric fencing etc.

Mining activities such as coal mining and iron ore mining have been described as

single biggest threats to elephant corridor in Central India. States like Jharkhand,

Chhattisgarh and Orissa are mineral rich but also have the highest number of

elephant corridors which is leading to elephant man conflict.

As elephants require extensive grazing ground for food, lack of such grazing

grounds can force elephants to search for food elsewhere. Most of the elephant

reserves unable to accommodate all the elephants, which results in man-elephant

conflict due to the destruction of crops by elephants.

5.1.iv: Mitigation strategies

Fusion of elephant corridors with the nearby protected areas and reserved forest

wherever possible. In other areas, to provide protection to the elephant corridors,

there is a need for the declaration of ecologically sensitive areas or conservation

reserves.

Securing the elephant corridors would require awareness generation and

sensitizing the local population to promote voluntary relocation outside the

conflict zones. This would prevent the problem of further fragmentation of

continuous forest habitats from encroachment by human beings. It would also

provide refuge for other wild animals such as tiger, Sambar, crocodile, bird

species etc.

During the process of securing the elephant corridor, there is a need to monitor

the animal movements along with habitat restoration as per the requirements.

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5.1.v: Elephant as the national heritage animal of India

The elephant has been declared as the national heritage animal by the

government of India in 2010 after the recommendations of the standing

committee on national board for wildlife. This was to ensure sufficient protection

for elephants before it's numbered fall to panic levels as it had happened in case

of tigers.

A proposed National elephant conservation authority (NECA) on the lines with

NTCA has been proposed to be constituted by amending the Wildlife Protection

Act 1972.

5.1.vi:Monitoring of illegal killing of elephants (MIKE) programme

MIKE program was started in South Asia and in 2003 after the conference of

parties a resolution of CITES. It aims to provide information which is required by

the elephant range countries to make proper management and enforcement

decisions and to promote institutional capacity in those States for long-term

protection and management of their elephant populations.

5.1.vii:Main objectives of MIKE programme

1. To measure the levels and trends in the illegal poaching of elephants. To ensure

changes in the trends for protection of elephant population.

2. To determine the factors which are responsible for such changes, and to assess in

particular about the impact of decisions of the conference of parties to CITES

responsible for such changes.

3. Under this programme, data are collected on a monthly basis from all the sites in

specified MIKE patrol form and it is submitted to the sub-regional support office

for South Asia programme located in Delhi.

5.1.viii:Hathi Mere Sathi

Ministry of environment and forests (MOEF) in partnership with Wildlife Trust of

India (WTI) has launched a campaign called Hathi Mere Sathi. The campaign aims

to improve the conservation, protection and welfare of elephants in India. It was

launched at Elephant- 8 ministerial meeting which was held in Delhi on 24th may

2011.

The countries who are the part of the Elephant-8 ministerial meeting are

Botswana, Kenya, Srilanka, Republic of Congo, Indonesia, Tanzania, Thailand and

India.

The Hathi Mere Sathi campaign aims at increasing public awareness and

developing friendship and companionship between local population and elephants.

5.1.ix:The campaign mascot Gaju

The campaign Mascot Gaju focuses on various groups which include local people

near elephant habitats, youth, policymakers and others. The scheme envisions to

set up elephant centres all over the country in the elephant landscapes. It aims to

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spread awareness about the plight of elephants and promote people's

participation in addressing these issues.

The campaign plans to ensure capacity building of law enforcement agencies at

the ground level to enhance protection of elephants, and to advocate for the

policies in favour of elephants.

The elephant task force (ETF) which was constituted by the Ministry of

Environment and Forest has recommended the campaign to Take Gajah (the

elephant) to the Prajah (the people) in order to increase public awareness and

their participation in the conservation and welfare of elephants.

India has around 25000 - 29000 elephants in the wild. However, the tuskers

(male) in India are as threatened as the Tigers as there are only around 1200

tusker elephants left in India.

The Asian elephants are threatened by the habitat degradation, man-elephant

conflict and poaching for the Ivory. This problem is more intense in India which

has around 50% of the total population of world's Asian elephants.

In view of above detailed conservation plan is required for Indian Elephant:

Habitat

Food habits

Threat

Conflicts

Conservation Measures

Habitat

Elephants are generalists, but use mainly scrub forest. They can be found in the

jungle, but generally on the edge where open, grassy areas are accessible. They

prefer areas that combine grass, low woody plants, and forest. Elephants rarely

forage in on area for more than a few days in a row. In general, food, water and

shade are the three basic resources that can be expected to influence the

movement of elephant ( Sukumar et al, 2003). Their home range ranges from 30-

600 km2.

Food

Elephants eat a wide variety of species of vegetation. They are herbivore, folivore

and lignivore. More than 100-300 different species of plants may be eaten. They

prefer grasses, but they also consume bark, roots, leaves, wood, stems and

leaves of trees, vines, shrubs, tubers, bamboo and barn. An average daily intake

is 150-200 kg of wet vegetation. The proportions of the different plant types in

their diet vary depending upon the habitat and season. Annual diet has been

found to be dominated by grass. Maximum straying distance covered by the

raiding elephant has been recorded up to 5.5 km.

Saccharaum spontaneum, Thysanolaena maxima and fruit parts of Dillenia indica

are some of the other species recorded to be preferred by elephants. Some other

food plants have been reported by the villagers. The list includes- Musa paradisiac

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(Kela), Oryza sativa (rice) eat very cleverly the fruiting part, only, in the barn

yard they dismantle the heap of gathered rice.

Threat

The pre-eminent threats to the elephant are habitat loss, degradation, agriculture

and farming, grazing, mining, human interference, trade, pollution, hunting for

ivory, insurgency, corridor loss, anthropogenic pressure on the habitat, man

elephant conflict, forest fires, illegal captures of live animals etc.

Conflicts

No reports of human-elephant conflict in the area.

Conservation Measures

Habitat destruction by various reasons has threatened the survival of elephants

may happen, therefore; maintenance of the habitat is the first requirement in the

conservation of the elephants. Dense forest is required as refuge and protection

from intense sun rays. While scrub and grasslands are required as a better

feeding area. Tall trees are not a good source of food because their foliage and

tender twigs are beyond the reach of elephant’s trunk. In a shrub or grassland, it

is easy to fee. The food item may be foliage, tender shoot, entire plant or even

the root; all are within their easy reach.

The following are the steps should be taken for conservation of the species:

Forest officers should be trained in wildlife management;

Frequent use of fireworks should be avoided. This may lead to develop

immunity in elephants against the fire works;

Conflict with human is a major conservation problem, hence should be

reduced to the lowest possible level; and

Awareness programmes should be run frequently.

5.2: Conservation of Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus):

It is endemic to Indian sub-continent and it has discontinuous distribution. Sloth Bear

populations have declined and its range has shrunk over the past century, primarily

due to habitat loss. However, even fundamental information on distribution and

present status is lacking for most of its range. We collated recent information from

literature and by distributing questionnaires to wildlife researchers, managers and

naturalists in India.

Though it is in the lower risk category of the IUCN, its numbers are declining mainly

due to loss of habitat. Efforts are going of mapping the sloth bear habitats and to

sustain the healthy populations. Wildlife Conservation Society-India Program and the

Centre for Wildlife Studies are working on developing distribution maps of the

endangered species in India. Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary near Hampi in Karnataka,

Agra Bear Rescue Facility in U.P and the Jessore Sloth Bear Sanctuary are the three

main sanctuaries with special facilities for rescue and rehabilitation established in

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India. Babu et al (2015) have identified the critical habits of Sloth bear and

suggested linking critical patches of sloth bear Melursus ursinus for their conservation

in Meghamalai hills, Western Ghats, India. A preliminary survey of literature reveals

that it is not possible to conserve them in isolation. There is no way to conserve the

Sloth Bear in the project site as the habitat is not suitable and hence an integrated

wildlife management plan needs to be put in place by the Wildlife department and the

project proponent should be directed to share the cost based on some scientific

criteria such as scale of project. The same principle applies to every other animal in

the list.

Habitat

Bear generally remains within the forest area, but occasionally it intrudes within the

village area. This is mainly due to the Mahua flower, because Mahua trees are most

common around the village’s areas. Sloth bear occupies a wide range of habitats

including scrublands, and grasslands where boulders and scattered shrubs and trees

provide shelter. The most common shelter is a den, a cavern like structures generally

in rocks.

Sloth bears avoid areas where human disturbance is high, however the bear raid

peanut, maize and fruit crops. Sloth bears like to escape from the heat of the day and

forage for food at night. They will start to become active as the sun starts to set. This

is also the time when many insects such as termites are more active.

Food

Sloth bears subsist primarily on termites, ants and fruits. This is the only species of

bear adapted specifically for myrmecophagy (ant & termite eating). The ratio of

insects to fruits in the diet varies seasonally and geographically. Most bears area

opportunistic omnivores. As such, there activities are governed by the availability of

food items and dietary components within their habitat. When trees are in fruit

usually during the monsoon season, sloth bears dine on mango, fig and other fruits,

and also some flowers. However, ground dwelling ants and termites dug out of their

hard nest mounds. Seasonal availability and geographic locations area the biggest

factors determining the primary food sources of sloth bears.

Threats

Major threats to this species are habitat loss, poaching and conflict killings. Habitat

loss is mainly due to overharvest of forest products, expansion of agriculture areas,

human settlements and roads. Poaching is mainly for the commercial trade in bear

parts. Encounters resulting in conflicts between people and sloth bears occur mainly

where the habitat has become severely degraded but still being used by both. The

only natural threats to sloth bears are tigers. And possibly leopards. Bear parts are

valuable commodities in the trade for medicine. Incentives for killing bears are

therefore high.

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Conflicts

The sloth bear is more inclined to attack man unprovoked than almost any other

animal. Major man-bear conflict result during the mahua flowering season. Persons

going early to collect the flower encounter the animal, frequently, some times the

bear remain sleeping bel the tree after consuming large amount of mahua flower and

is one of the major causes of man-bear conflicts. Persons going to the forest for the

collection of wood or other forest produce encounter the bear, inadvertently resulting

in conflicts.

Conservation Measures

Education will help to reduce bear-human conflicts and enhance a conservation

ethic among locals;

Habitat improvements would be helpful in alleviating conflicts;

Planting of fruit trees more particularly the species of Ficus, because Ficus species

are not collected by man but from an important diet to the animal;

Promoting honey bee in the area will not only serve as food to the bear but will

help also in warding off the elephant;

Red ant can be promoted easily to form colony in the trees. This will serve as

important source of insect diet and may compensate fo the termite; and

Villagers should avoid growing crops of liking to bear particularly near their dens

sites.

5.3: Conservation of Leopard (Panthera pardus)

Habitat

According to the Wildlife Protection Society of India (WPSI) that in most cases the

death of Leopard is due to poaching as scrap marks were observed on leopards’

hides (the skin) and even on other parts of the body. Out of 106 Leopard deaths

investigated, only 12 of the leopards had died of a natural cause. The wildlife officials

compared the total death tolls of leopards since between 2016 and 2017 and found

that poaching incidents have increased to 159 as compared to the year of 2016 with

127 cases. Summing up the natural deaths and poaching cases, there were 590

leopard’s deaths in 2017 and 577 in 2016. The deaths of the wildcat were reported

from over 18 states in India with Uttarakhand being at the top of the list with 24

leopard deaths.

Conflict

The death of wild animals despite taking major steps to safeguard them have been

the hot topic ever since the year 2018. Besides, a series of man-animal conflict have

also been noticed, for instance, last month in a village in central India, three children

were killed by a leopard. As a result, the angry mob found and killed the attacking

leopard. Such cases are not uncommon and are indeed giving rise to the killing of

leopards in the country.

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Threats

However, habitat loss, deforestation and farming are also secondary factors for the

big cats to die or come closer to poaching prone areas. However, the forest

department and state governments are securing certain areas for the wild.

Similar to tiger and elephant conservation in India, leopards must also be safeguarded

and looked after by developing projects to secure the big cats and making better

protocol in urban areas of India to ensure the safety of both humans and animals.

According to the result of 2018, it shows that we still lack security and safety

measures, that are important for the forest department and wildlife authorities to take

serious measures and to work more towards human-animal conflict without disturbing

the habitat. We can also do our bit by not buying any animal products and can also

report if any incident of poaching comes across us in a nearby locality. It is time that

both government and the people work together to save our wildlife and spread

awareness about the importance of their existence in order to maintain a balance on

the planet.

As far as the study area is concerned, no one had seen a Leopard in the study area

but at the same time, the chances of one visiting the area can’t be ruled out. The

only way that a project proponent can contribute in Leopard conservation is by

funding the efforts of the wildlife department and through mass education for creation

of awareness.

Conservation

To encourage local communities to develop and refine their traditional means of

mitigating human-leopard conflict by using non-lethal techniques. It will help to

increase the level of awareness among local stakeholder besides acting as interface

between villagers and other government agencies. This will be achieved through a

series of meetings, consultation and the distribution of educations material.

5.4: Conservation of Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata)

Habitat

Indian Pangolin is a large anteater covered dorsally by 11-13 rows of scales. The adult

male is about one-third larger than the female. A terminal scale is also present on the

ventral side of the tail of the Indian Pangolin, which is absent in the Chinese Pangolin.

Its sticky tongue, which is longer than its body, is specially adapted for reaching and

lapping up insects in deep crevices. To tear open the anthills or termite mounds, it

uses the powerful forelimbs that are armed with three disproportionately long claws.

In sharp contrast, the hind legs have tough soles and short, blunt nails on the five

toes.

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Food

Food of the pangolins consists of the eggs, the young and the adults of termites and

ants. They tear open anthills or termite mounds with their powerful front claws and

probe deep into them with their very long tongues. They are supposed to be one of

the good biopesticide for control of termites.

Threats

Major threats to pangolins in India are hunting and poaching for local consumptive

use (e.g. as a protein source and traditional medicine) and international trade, for its

meat and scales in East and South East Asian countries, particularly China and

Vietnam. There is now greater evidence of its inclusion in illicit international trade, in

particular its scales, from both India and Pakistan, with Myanmar and China

comprising the most likely, final destinations. Seizure reports from the country

suggest that between 2009 and 2013, over 3,000 pangolins were hunted. Media

reports state that during the period, approximately 5,000 kg of pangolin scales were

confiscated in 25 seizures. Inadequate information on population and distribution

further accentuates the threats arising from hunting and poaching.

Conservation

From February 2015, WWF-India and Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB) launched

a social media campaign to create awareness and divert efforts towards curbing illegal

trade in Pangolins. Creation of public awareness and enlisting the involvement of

locals through mass education for conservation of Indian Pangolin is one area where

the PP can an active lead.

The animal is killed only for meat. However, it looked as curious animal. People

reporting sighting of the species should be properly rewarded. Motivation will lead to

timely information on poaching/hunting and then special efforts should be made to

protect such sighting individuals of the species.

5.5: Conservation of Indian Gazella or chinkara ( Gazella bennettii)

Habitat

In the list of Mammals given in Chapter III of EIA, the name of Indian gazella or

chinkara is given as Gazella gazella . Gazella gazella is commonly known as the

mountain gazelle and it is not found in India. It is widely but unevenly distributed in

Israel, Lebanon, the Golan Heights, Iran and Turkey. The Indian gazelle or chinkara

is Gazella bennettii. The same is evident from the list of Schedule I Mammals in the

Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act. According to Dookia et al (2009), Indian gazelle or

chinkara (Gazella bennettii) is among the six species of antelopes found in India

and has a wide distribution in Rajasthan. The Thar Desert of Rajasthan has the

maximum numbers of chinkara. It is included under the LC category by the IUCN.

It is more often found in croplands adjacent to forest areas. Poaching, Road kills and

attacks by dogs are the major threats to Chinkara.

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Threats

The Indian Gazelle or Chinkara is threatened at global level and under severe

pressure from the habitat loss at ground level. The changed land use pattern and due

to increasing human population, mechanised agriculture and hunting by locals, it is

now threatened to local extinction at various localities.

Conservation

Monitoring the populations in areas of its occurrence; identification of threats at

local level; creation of awareness at different levels through mass media; formal and

informal education; creation of a network of volunteers for anti-poaching

operations; and establishment of links with the wildlife department for smooth

and coordinated operations are among the measures suggested by Dookia (2009) in

the Project Technical Report. In case of Rajasthan, the Bishnois are the strongest

supporters of deer and antelopes. Conservation of Indian Gazelle or Chinkara through

community support in Thar Desert of Rajasthan, India is highly successful and hence

the project proponent in coordination with the Forest and Wildlife Department

undertakes to do whatever measures are required for chinkara conservation in

accordance with the holistic integrated wildlife Conservation, to be drawn by the

wildlife authorities.

5.6: Peacock (Pavo cristatus) Conservation:

The Indian Peafowl appears so frequently in religion, folklore, art and craft, that it is

possibly the most recognised bird across India. Internationally as well, the peafowl

(perhaps alongside the tiger) is immediately associated with India. Having been

declared the national bird in 1963, the species also finds itself under the highest level

of legal protection in the country, being placed in Schedule I of the Wildlife

(Protection) Act, 1972 and further amendments.

Peafowl are spread across the plains and hills of India, except in extremely dry or wet

regions. The abundance trend is that of a general increase, both in the long term and

currently. This trend appears to result from a combination of range expansion (e.g.

into Kerala, from where it was formerly absent), and a population increase virtually

throughout its distribution. The reasons for this pattern have not been investigated in

detail, but expansion into Kerala may be associated with an overall drying trend, and

expansion into the Thar desert appears to have accompanied the spread of canals and

irrigation. The protection (and associated penalties for poaching and poisoning)

afforded by being in Schedule I may also have contributed to increase. Some parts of

the country report greater levels of crop damage by peafowl, a trend that calls for

careful conflict assessment and management. According to the State of India’s Birds

2020 Report, Peacock population more than doubled in India during the past one

decade. According to the IUCN Red list, Peacock is in the least concern (LC) category.

Habitat:

Peacock is a large and beautiful flying bird and rightly crowned as the National Bird. It

occurs all over India both in forest and non-forest areas. The Peacocks worshipped as

the Vahana/ carriers of Karthikeya / Subrahmanya Swamy/ Murugan in India , Nepal

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and Sri Lanka. Hence, there is no threat from locals. In the project under

consideration, Peacocks were found in the buffer zone mainly in local temples where

they are protected. They were not found in the project site or core area.

Food

It is an omnivorous bird. Its diet consists of small mammals like, mice, reptiles like

lizards and snakes, amphibians, arthropods like: insects, ticks, termites, ants, locusts

and seeds, fruit, vegetables and minnows in s hallow streams and so on. Around

human habitation, they feed on a variety of food scraps.

Threats

There are two major kinds of threats to Peacock. One is illegal poaching for meat and

feathers and the other is due to consumption of pesticide treated seeds sown by

farmers.

Methods to identify if feather have been plucked or have been shed naturally have

been developed as Indian law allows the collection of feathers that have been shed.

Its feathers are in great demand for commercial purposes and are the main threat to

its survival. Their loud calls make them east to detect and in forest areas.

In spite of the above, there are healthy populations according to the State of India’s

Birds 2020 Report and there is no risk of extinction. If allowed to domesticate,

Peacocks shall become pet birds and their numbers can increase very rapidly.

Conservation Plan:

Peacocks are of widespread occurrence and there is no specific conservation plan for

Peacocks similar to the specific conservation plan of Tigers, Elephants, Crocodiles, Sea

Turtles etc. The project proponent is prohibited by law capture the Peacocks and

domesticate them or breed them under captivity. Any plan designed to conserve and

mange a Schedule I species should take in to the account the basic scientific

principles and criteria. Conservation does not mean preservation. Species

conservation implies sustainable management under in-situ conditions. When an

isolated male or female is found in one place within the buffer zone, no one can

conserve the species by taking care of that solitary bird without violating the WPA.

The conservation plan should be need -based, realistic, practically feasible, scientific

and technical. In case of Peacocks found in the buffer zone, the only thing that the

project proponent can do is to create of awareness among the public in general and

the project dependent people in particular about the need to conserve them and to

motivate them to act as protectors of Peacocks through mass media, social media,

public education and Nature clubs.

The State of India’s Birds 2020 Report, suggests that it is important to promote

collaborations between public initiatives and researchers. It also suggests that the

government should support the monitoring and conservation efforts by citizens and

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researchers. The report also suggests that there should be a dedicated fund for high

concern species so that scientists and researchers can save those birds.

5.7: Conservation of Monitor Lizard (Varanus bengalensis):

Varanua bengalensisis or the Indian monitor lizard is found all over India. This lizard

is ground dwelling and prefers the shady places and build nests in sand dunes and

mud tunnels. Due to ever expanding urbanization, habitat loss of this species is on

rise and because of that this animal is entering the households where people kill it

due to several orthodox beliefs. According to IUCN Red List, Varanua bengalensisis

considered as the least concerned species in terms of conservation priorities but its

population size is decreasing at an alarming rate. The primary reason for population

decline, according to Sharma et al (2018), is the killing of this animal by local people

due to lack of awareness about the importance of this lizard. People hunt the Varanua

bengalensisis for meat consumption as well as for skin sale. They also discovered

several false beliefs among local peoples which cause immense harm to these

monitors. Rural people believe that if a tongue of a land monitor is eaten by inserting

in a ripe banana, it will give super memory to the child. Another common belief is that

chewing the tail of a land monitor strengthens the gums and the flesh of a land

monitor is a remedy for convalescents. Since the land monitor rarely drinks water

from the water outlet, people believe that if a person eats the flesh of a land monitor,

he will never suffer from wheeze .The oil of Varanua bengalensisis, extracted from the

fat bodies of lizard is used for the treatment for failing vision, arthritis, rheumatism,

piles and muscular pains and for cooking purpose in extreme winters. Apart from

the above, Varanua bengalensisis are also killed while crossing the roads by vehicles

and dogs.

Involvement of people in conservation efforts through mass education and dispelling

the false and unsubstantiated claims that put a heavy price on the head of the

monitor are the areas where the project proponent can play a significant role.

Habitat

They are often found in agricultural area. Bengal monitors shelter in burrows that

they dig or crevices in rocks and abandoned termite mounds. It is mostly diurnal in

nature. It occupies burrows, dense vegetation, hollows of trees, rock cracks and

crevices.

Mostly, ground dwellers, but is a very good climber as well. Bengal monitors are

usually solitary and usually found on the ground although the young are often seen on

trees. They shelter and spends nights in burrows or crevices in rocks, make use also

of abandoned termite mounds. In the nigh their body temperature drops below

ambient. In the morning they raise their body temperature by basing before

commencing activity and for this reason they are rarely active early in the morning

and most active in the afternoons when temperatures are highest.

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Food:

The normal prey consists of beetles, grubs, orthopterans, scorpions, crabs, snails,

ants and other invertebrates. Vertebrate prey is comparatively rae and includes frogs,

other lizards etc. They sometimes capture roosting bats.

Threat:

Monitor lizards are haunted for skin and their body fact. Its eggs are considered a

delicacy and the entire animal is also eaten. Unani, the Greco-arabian system of

medicine, recommends the used of various body parts of monitors to cure numerous

ailments. Habitat loss due to large-scale deforestation, urbanization, dams and

hydroelectric projects and other biotic factors are also responsible for the population

decline of the species.

Conservation Measures:

There is no scarcity of food or habitat to the animal;

Preventing poaching will be the single most important factor in the conservation of

the species, for which awareness programmes should be run frequently.

5.8: Indian Rock Python (Python molurus) Conservation Plan

This is a non-venomous snake and can grow up to 4 m and weigh 45 kg. The colour is

dark brown and yellowish white in a blotched pattern. They are very good swimmers

and take to water when disturbed but on land, they hiss and remain motionless. The

species in oviparous and lay up to 100 eggs in a clutch protected and incubated by the

female. Being exothermic, python basks in open but can also raise body temperature

by muscular contractions.

Habitat

Python occurs in wide range of habitats viz. rocky foot hills, grass lands, marshes,

swamps, wood lands, open jungle. At times, they take refuge in mammal burrows,

hollow trees etc. It has also been reported close to habitation and crop fields.

Food

The snake feeds on mammals, birds and reptiles but prefers the first. Chital deer,

fawns, hares, mouse deer, jungle fowl are natural food. It can swallow prey bigger

than its size as the jaw bones are not hinged. The prey is constricted to death by

muscular movement and swallows head first. Once held in jaw, prey cannot escape

because of inward bent teeth.

Goursi et al (2012) carried out a detailed survey on the habitat and status of Python

in Pak occupied Kashmir and it was reported that about 91% dens used by the Indian

rock pythons were originally the holes of other animals while about 9% python were

found inhabiting in the rock crevices and human made caves. About 16% of active

dens of Indian rock python were found at distance of 0-100 m from the water

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source, 47% were between 100-500m while 10% dens were at 500-800 m away

from the water sources. Among other animals, Peacock, Jackal, Black Partridge, Red

Jungle Fowl, Kaleej Pheasant and Russell viper were also observed occupying the

same habitat with Pythons.

Pythons are protected by Law under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act. They

are killed due to ignorance or out of fear when they enter habitation and capture

goats or poultry. They are also silently poached for their ornamental skin. Road kills is

another tragedy for Pythons as they cross roads slowly and are crushed to death by

fast moving vehicles.

The presence of Python in the buffer zone is recorded based on the information given

by the people working in the Coal mines located in the buffer zone. It was a onetime

occurrence. Subsequently, nobody knows anything about this reptile. Pythons are

neither confined to the project site and its buffer zone nor are they common

everywhere. They are rarely seen in most parts of India.

Threat

They are not killed for meat but for skin in India. The main threat is due to fear of

snakes. They are also killed when they attack sheep or goats etc. According to the

IUCN data, there is no immediate threat to the Pythons and hence they are placed in

the lower risk category of NT. The project site and its buffer zone are extensively

disturbed it is not a suitable habitat for their conservation in situ.

Conservation Measures:

In view of the above, no workable or practically feasible in-situ conservation plan can

be suggested for conservation of Pythons. The vehicle drivers shall be instructed to

ensure safe road crossing by Pythons since road kills is one of the causes for the

death of Pythons.

The occurrence in the area is rare. Reports of its conflicts with human being are

extremely rare. Public awareness is the most important method for its conservation.

The people living in the surrounding area and employees of the company are

motivated towards the protection of the animal. Motivation is leading to timely

information to the concerned authorities about any threat to wild life or any cases of

pouching/hunting.

6.0 : Budget for wildlife Conservation:

When the whole or a part of the buffer zone is shared by different mining projects or

industrial units and if a Schedule I is reported from that common area and if each

one gives his / her own conservation plan, will it be possible to implement it? Who is

accountable? Can a Wild animal such as an Elephant or Sloth Bear or Leopard can be

conserved outside the wild habitats? If allowed to domesticate, within a short time,

we will have Peacocks everywhere like in Sri Lanka. Do we permit it? Mass education

to motivate the people and seek their Involvement wildlife conservation is one area

where every project proponent can play a role. However, when it comes to really

WILD LIFE CONSERVATION PLAN PROPOSED BHENGARI COAL WASHERY

24 | P a g e

conserving a species in crisis, we need an integrated conservation plan and an

authority to enforce and monitor. That is why the State of India’s Birds 2020 Report,

suggests that it is important to promote collaborations between public initiatives and

researchers. It also suggests that the government should support the monitoring and

conservation efforts by citizens and researchers. The report also suggests that there

should be a dedicated fund for high concern species so that scientists and researchers

can save those birds.

The project proponent proposes to contribute Rs. 20.00 lakhs to the concerned State

Department for monitoring and conservation of wildlife in the study over a period of 5

years at the rate of Rs. 4 lakh per annum. Fund allocation break-up is given below in

the Table-3.

Table 3: Activities proposed and budget allocation for Wildlife conservation

for 5 years

Sr.No Activity Annual Total

1 Contributions to the Forest and Wildlife Department

for implementation of conservation plans

1,50,000 7,50,000

2 Sponsored projects undertaken by the M.o.E.F &

C.C approved organizations and research Institutes

1,50,000 7,50,000

3 Awards and rewards for promoting the afforestation

programs

50,000 2,50,000

4 Mass education and constitution of Eco-clubs 50,000 2,50,000

Grand total allocations for five years 4,00,000 20,00,000

List of References consulted:

1. Babu, S., T. Karthik, G. Srinivas & H.N. Kumara (2015): Linking critical patches of

sloth bear Melursus ursinus for their conservation in Meghamalai hills, Western Ghats,

India. Current Science: 109 (8): 1492-1498

2.Dookia, S. (2009). Conservation of Indian Gazelle or Chinkara through community

support in Thar Desert of Rajasthan, India. Project Technical Report

3.Dookia, S., M. Rawat, G.R. Jakher & B.R. Dookia (2009). Status of the Indian Gazelle

(Gazella bennettii Sykes, 1831) in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan, India In: Sivaperuman

C., Baqri Q.H., Ramaswamy G., Naseema M. (eds) Faunal Ecology and Conservation

of the Great Indian Desert. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

4.Goursi, U., K. Muhammad & A. Saeed. (2014). Status of the Indian Rock Python

(Python molorus molorus) in Delta Vatala National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir,

Pakistan. Serpens: 3 (2): 3-5.

5.Menon V., S.K.Tiwari, K.Ramkumar, S.Kyarong, U.Ganguly & R.Sukumar (2017) Eds.

Right of Passage: Elephant Corridors of India. Conservation Series Reference No.3.

Wildlife Trust of India

WILD LIFE CONSERVATION PLAN PROPOSED BHENGARI COAL WASHERY

25 | P a g e

6.Naik, M.L & S.Sinha. Report on the Flora and Fauna and Conservation Plan for the

Endangered Animals and Medicinal Plants for 12 to 24 MW Biomass Base Expansion

Power Plant of M/s. Mahavir Energy and Coal Beneficiation Ltd (MECBL), Village

Bhengari, Tehsil Gharghora.

7. Sharma, B.K., A.K. Goyal, J. Saini & M.B.Sharma (2018). The species in crisis:

Varanus bengalensis. Species :19: 68-71

8.Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (2011). A Manual on Wildlife species in Trade by Wildlife

Crime Control Bureau, Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi

9.Yoganand, K & R.Clifford, S. John & T, Johnsingh. (2006). Is the Sloth Bear in India

Secure? A Preliminary Report on Distribution, Threats and Conservation Requirements.

Journal of Bombay Natural History Society. 103. 172-181.

Enclosure -4

Greenbelt Details

1 | P a g e

ENCLOSURE-4

GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN

A list of plants identified for greenbelt is given in Table-1. Greenbelt development plan is

given in Table-2.

Table-1 : List of Plants identified for Greenbelt Development

Common

Name

Scientific Name Main Economic Purpose

Rakta

Chandan

Adenathera pavonina Nitrogen fixing legume. Medical plant. Seeds

used in decorative articles.

Siris Albizia lebbeck Nitrogen fixing legume. Timber and fodder

Saptaparni Alstonia scholaris Medicinal

Kadamb Anthocephalus indica Timber tree and a sacred tree

Neem Azadirachta indica Multipurpose tree

Mahua Bassia latifolia

(=Maduca longifolia)

Fruits, flower and oil from seeds. Great

economic value

Dubai Tree Conocarpus lancifolius An exotic evergreen, salinity, drought, dust

and pollution resistant plant with dense

foliage and low leaf shedding. Growing

exceptionally well in the whole country.

Shisham Dalbergia sissoo Timber

Bamboo Dendrocalamus strictus Construction material and paper pulp

Shivan /

Gamhar

Gmelina arborea Timber

Subabul Leucaena leucocephala Nitrogen fixing fodder legume

Mango Mangifera indica Delicious fruit

Malabar

Neem

Melia dubia Fast growing timber tree

Amla Phyllanthus emblica Fruits are used in pickles, nutraceuticals

Guava Psidium guava Edible fruits

Sal Shorea robusta Multipurpose tree

Mahogany Swietenia macrophylla Fast growing tall timber tree

Jamun Syzygium cumini Fruits edible and medicinal value

Imli Tamarindus indica Used as a condiment in cooking

Teak Tectona grandis Great timber value

Arjun Terminalia arjuna Timber and medicinal

Table-2: Greenbelt Development Plan

Year Activity Area in

Ha

No. of

Trees

Amount

(Rs)

First Preparation of land;

preparation of pits, filling with

manures and water supply

5.76 7,76,000/-

Plant nursery / procurement of

saplings through prior order

@Rs.50/-

for each

7,500 3,75,000/-

Second Transplantation of saplings 5.76 4,600 4,60,000/-

Third Gap filling, weeding, watering

and protection measures

5.76 2,000 2,88,000/-

Fourth Routine maintenance 5.76 1,00,000/-

Fifth Routine maintenance 5.76 50,000/-

Total 5.76 4,600 20,49,000/-

2 | P a g e

ENCLOSURE-5

MOU’S FOR WASHERY LIFTING OF WASHERY REJECTS

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/

4 | P a g e

5 | P a g e

ENCLOSURE-6

NABL CERTIFICATE

Enclosure -5

MOUs

1 | P a g e

ENCLOSURE-5

MOU’S FOR WASHERY LIFTING OF WASHERY REJECTS

2 | P a g e

/

3 | P a g e

Enclosure -6

NABL Certificate

1 | P a g e

ENCLOSURE-6

NABL CERTIFICATE

Scanned with CamScanner

Scanned with CamScanner

ENCLOSURE-1

WILDLIFE CONSERVATION PLAN FOR RECORDED SCHEDULE-I SPECIES

Introduction:

Dr. M. L. Naik and Dr. Snaju Sinha prepared a site-specific Wildlife Conservation Plan for

expansion of 12 MW biomass power plant of M/S Mahavir Energy & Coal Benefication

Ltd. (MECBL), Bhengari. The site of the proposed 5 MTPA coal washery at Bhengari is

just a few 100 m away from that of the biomass power plant. The study area of both the

projects is almost the same. Therefore, findings and conservation plan for fauna

recommended in the WCP prepared for the biomass power plant are valid for the

proposed coal washery of M/S Mahavir Coal Washery Pvt. Ltd. (MCWPL) as well. MCWPL

& MECBL are the sister concerns. MCWPL has submitted this Wildlife Conservation Plan

(WCP) along with the final EIA report to MOEF&CC to obtain environmental clearance for

the washery project. The report deals with the status and conservation of Schedule-I

species reported from the study area. These species are Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus),

Scaly Ant Eater (Manis crassicaudata), Elephant (Elephas maximus), Peacock (Pavo

cristatus), and Monitor Lizard (Varanus benghalensis). Predators such as wild dogs,

tigers & leopards are absent in the area. The report states that 12 to 13 elephants have

occasionally visited the buffer zone but they never stayed or resided in the buffer zone.

The report also says that they raid the paddy fields and cause extensive damage. The

Wildlife Conservation Plan describes species-wise information on their distribution, food

habits, behaviour, conservation status, threats & conseravtion aspects; and suggests

standard practices and protocols such as the habitat improvement, habitat protection;

prevention of forest fires; measures for prevention of poaching and finally creation of

public awareness, through mass education. Conservation measures for Schedule-I

species as per WCP are briefly given below:

1: Elephant:

More important among the Schedule I species from the study area, is elephant. Though

there are reports of invasion of 12 to 13 elephants into crop lands of the buffer zone.

The region falling within 7 – 8 km outside the boundary of the study is under extensive

opencast coal mining. 2 x 300 MW power plant is about 1 km from the site. There is no

notified elephant corridor within 15 km radius of the proposed project site. No elephant

was found residing in the study area at any time. As elephants require extensive grazing

ground for food, lack of such grazing grounds can force elephants to search for food

elsewhere. For the conservation of elephants, the report mentions that simultaneously

dense forest as well as grassy patches are required. Grassy patches are used as grazing

places. Information on food plants, which are required to be planted to provide sufficient

food for elephants is given in the report in para 11.7.10. Water resources and salt licks

are other important requirement of elephants. Awareness generation and sensitization of

the local population are other important aspect of any wildlife conservation efforts.

2: Sloth Bear:

The bear is one of the most common wildlife in the area. They occasionally approach

near to the village area. Locally, they prefer isolated shelters below rocks and caverns.

The bear eats food like mango, fig, ebony, mahua flower. During food shortages, sloth

bear eats even a carrion. Sometimes raid farm crops. They also eat tuber crops like

potato. Conservation measures include education of people living in surrounding area

towards protection of the animal and planting of trees like mango, fig, gular, bargad,

pipal, wild tuber plants, mahua, and ebony. Planting of fruit trees more particularly the

spp. of Ficus, because Ficus spp. are not collected by man but form an important diet to

the animal. Promoting honey bee in the area will not only serve as food to the bear but

will help also in warding off the elephant.

3: Scanty ant eater or Pangolin:

This is a very shy animal. Resides in forest area. The animal is killed only for meat. The

only thing that the project proponent can do is to create awareness among the local

population in general about the need to report sighting of pangolin and reward people for

reporting. This will help in protection of the species.

4: Peacock:

Peacock is a large and beautiful flying bird. It occurs both in forest and non-forest areas.

The bird is one of the common birds of the area but not so abundant. In the area they

are generally found in forests, but frequently enters the village areas. They were not

found in the project site. It’s diet consist of small mammals like mice, reptiles like l izards

& snakes, amphibians, arthropods like insects, termites, ants, seeds, fruits, flowers,

leaves. Planting of tree groves (local species) in buffer area & in school compounds in

the villages for shelter roosting of peacocks. The only thing that the project proponent

can do is to create of awareness among the public in general about the need to conserve

them and to motivate them to act as protectors of Peacocks. The people living in the

surrounding area should be rewarded for timely information on poaching of the bird.

5: Monitor Lizard:

Locally they are found in almost all the habitats, commonly in cultivated fields. The

species face threat due to human activities. Major conservation effort will be strict

vigilance on their poaching. Involvement of people in conservation efforts through

awareness programmes. The people living in the surrounding area should be motivated

towards protection of the animal.

6: Panther:

As far as the study area is concerned, no one had seen the animal in the study area but

at the same time, the chances of one visiting the area can’t be ruled out. The only way

that a project proponent can contribute in Leopard conservation is by funding the efforts

of the wildlife department and through mass education for creation of awareness. The

project proponent can also do a bit by reporting to the concerned authorities if any

incident of poaching comes across us in a nearby locality. It is time that both

government and the people work together to save our wildlife and spread awareness

about the importance of co-existence.

7: Python:

Python molurus preys upon many types of rodents and vertebrates. The species being

conspicuous slow and arboreal, it is likely to be seen by people working in the agriculture

fields if it is ventures outside the forest area. Therefore, the direct disturbance to the

species is not envisaged due to project activities. The project proponent shall not keep

any animals or pet animals such as dogs, cats, hens or any kinds of birds in the project

site which would attract Python to feed on them.

8: Chinkara:

These species need safe, undisturbed arid semi-arid savannah, undulating grasslands or

plains with open and sparse vegetation. These mammals are likely to be using

surrounding area for their feeding and breeding. They are also likely to be using water

bodies in the buffer area for their requirement of water. It can go without water for long

periods and can get sufficient fluids from plants and dew. Project proponent shall support

the Forest Department in creating awareness through organizing nature awareness

camps in surrounding villages towards wildlife conservation and law reinforcement and

anti-poaching activities in the study area. MCWPL shall support Forest Department in

installing sign boards on roads and strategic locations of villages informing prohibition of

killing, poaching etc. under wildlife protection act, 1972.

Budget for Wildlife Conservation:

A budget for Rs.15, 00,000/- for conservation of wildlife has been included in the report.

The government may create a wildlife fund for monitoring and conservation of wildlife in

crisis and entrust the responsibility of monitoring and conservation to an authority such

the Wildlife Department, Indian Institute of Wildlife etc. The PPs may be charged based

on a scientific criterion under the Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER). The

project proponent offers to spend Rs.15, 00,000/- for conservation of wildlife as an

interim measure:

Activities Proposed and Budget Allocation for Wildlife Conservation for 5 Years

Sr. No Activity

Annual

(Rs.)

Total

(Rs.)

1 Contribution to the Forest and Wildlife Department

for implementation of conservation plans

1,00,000/- 5,00,000/-

2 Sponsored projects undertaken by the MOEF&CC

approved organizations and research Institutes

1,00,000/- 5,00,000/-

3 Awards and rewards for promoting the afforestation

programs

50,000/- 2,50,000/-

4 Mass education and constitution of Eco-clubs 50,000/- 2,50,000/-

Total Allocations for Five Years (Rs.) 3,00,000 15,00,000

ENCLOSURE-2

GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN

A list of plants identified for greenbelt is given in Table-1. Greenbelt development plan is

given in Table-2.

Table-1 : List of Plants identified for Greenbelt and Afforestation

Common

Name

Scientific Name Main Economic Purpose

Rakta

Chandan

Adenathera pavonina Nitrogen fixing legume. Medical plant. Seeds

used in decorative articles.

Siris Albizia lebbeck Nitrogen fixing legume. Timber and fodder

Saptaparni Alstonia scholaris Medicinal

Kadamb Anthocephalus indica Timber tree and a sacred tree

Neem Azadirachta indica Multipurpose tree

Mahua Bassia latifolia

(=Maduca longifolia)

Fruits, flower and oil from seeds. Great

economic value

Dubai Tree Conocarpus lancifolius An exotic evergreen, salinity, drought, dust

and pollution resistant plant with dense

foliage and low leaf shedding. Growing

exceptionally well in the whole country.

Shisham Dalbergia sissoo Timber

Bamboo Dendrocalamus strictus Construction material and paper pulp

Shivan /

Gamhar

Gmelina arborea Timber

Subabul Leucaena leucocephala Nitrogen fixing fodder legume

Mango Mangifera indica Delicious fruit

Malabar

Neem

Melia dubia Fast growing timber tree

Amla Phyllanthus emblica Fruits are used in pickles, nutraceuticals

Guava Psidium guava Edible fruits

Sal Shorea robusta Multipurpose tree

Mahogany Swietenia macrophylla Fast growing tall timber tree

Jamun Syzygium cumini Fruits edible and medicinal value

Imli Tamarindus indica Used as a condiment in cooking

Teak Tectona grandis Great timber value

Arjun Terminalia arjuna Timber and medicinal

Table-2: Greenbelt Development Plan

Year Activity Area in

Ha

No. of

Trees

Amount

(Rs)

First Preparation of land;

preparation of pits, filling with

manures and water supply

5.76 7,76,000/-

Plant nursery / procurement of

saplings through prior order

@Rs.50/-

for each

7,500 3,75,000/-

Second Transplantation of saplings 5.76 4,600 4,60,000/-

Third Gap filling, weeding, watering

and protection measures

5.76 2,000 2,88,000/-

Fourth Routine maintenance 5.76 1,00,000/-

Fifth Routine maintenance 5.76 50,000/-

Total 5.76 4,600 20,49,000/-

ENCLOSURE-3

COPY OF CHHATTISGARH HIGH COURT BILASPUR ORDER OF 25.09.2019

REVP NO: 144/2019

ENCLOSURE-4

COAL LINKAGE DOCUMENTS

CLIENT TO PROVIDE

ENCLOSURE-5

NOC FROM CGWA

ENCLOSURE-6

PUBLIC HEARING ATTENDENCE SHEET

ENCLOSURE-6

LIST OF PEOPLE ATTENDED PH- ATTENDENCE

ENCLOSURE-7

LETTER OF INTEREST FOR PURCHASE OF REJECTS