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© M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized as Big6 co- authors. Permission is not granted for commercial use. This means you may not charge a fee for anything that has the Big6 or Big6 Skills printed on it. The “Big6™” is copyright © (1987) Michael B. Eisenberg and Robert E. Berkowitz. For more on Big6, visit: www.big6.org

© M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

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Page 1: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction

provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized as Big6 co-authors. Permission is not granted for commercial use. This means you

may not charge a fee for anything that has the Big6 or Big6 Skills printed on it.

The “Big6™” is copyright © (1987) Michael B. Eisenberg and Robert E. Berkowitz. For more on Big6, visit:

www.big6.org

Page 2: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Introducing

Information Problem-Solving

Page 3: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

1

1.5

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5.5

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Scien

ce

Enviro

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Quant

Divers

ity

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AcadM

ajor

Readin

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Writ

ing

GroupW

rk

Technol

Indep

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Speaki

ng

Info

Use

ProbSolv

Freshmen Transfers Seniors 1-Yr Grads 5-Yr Grads 10-Yr Grads

Survey of Valued SkillsFall 2001

www.washington.edu/oea/9811.htm

• Problem Solving• Information Use• Speaking• Independent Work• Technology• Group Work• Writing• Reading

Page 4: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

IPS Example Assignment

Page 5: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Information Age-Problems

• Information overload

• Information quality

• Student lack of information & technology skills

• Technology out of context

Page 6: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

“More new information has been produced in the last 30 years than in the

previous 5,000.”

(Source: Large, P., The Micro Revolution, Revisited, 1984)

Information Overload (1980’s)

Page 7: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Today, a daily New York Times has more printed information in it than a

person would come across in an entire lifetime in the

17th Century.David Lewis “Introduction to Dying for Information,”

www.reuters.com/rbb/research/dfiforframe.htm, 1996

Information Overload (1990’s)

Page 8: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Information Overload(2000’s)

• “While the internet may offer more than 110 billion sites, finding relevant data at the right time has turned into the modern-day quest for the Holy Grail.”

Brynko, Barbara. "The power of the semantic web. " Information Today.  27.5 (May

2010): 10(1). 

Page 9: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

The Solution?

• Speed things up?

• Pack in more and more content?

• Add more technology?

Page 10: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Alternative Solution

• To become discriminating users of information.

• To learn to use essential information & technology skills in context.

• To become a master information problem-solver.

Page 11: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Quality

• “More than ⅔ of teens said within the last year that they used the Internet as their major resource when doing a big project for school…”

Lester, Will, “High School Students Love Net For Research,”

Syracuse Post Standard, 8/21/01 (from AP)

Page 12: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

In a study of 500 sites used by Colorado high school students to do research, only 27% of the sites were judged to be reliable

for academic research!

Colhoun, Alexander. "But - - I Found It on the Internet!" Christian Science Monitor. 25 April 2000: 16.

Ebersol, Samuel, “Uses and Gratifications of the Web among Students,” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 6(1): September 2000, www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol6/issue1/ebersole.html

Quality

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© M. Eisenberg 2004

The Solution

• Discourage Web use?

• Filtering?

Page 14: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Alternate Solution: Information Literacy

• Helping students to be discriminating users of information

• Helping students learn to use essential information & technology skills in context

• The Big6™

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© M. Eisenberg 2004

Information Literacy

• “To be information literate, a person must be able to recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information.”

American Library Association, 1989

Page 16: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Big6™

• Stages for solving information problems

4 school, life, work» Handout

• Flow from beginning to end4 Beginning- what needs to be done

4 Middle- gathering and using information

4 End- creating and evaluating the product

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© M. Eisenberg 2004

1. Task Definition1. Task Definition

2. Info Seeking Strategies2. Info Seeking Strategies

3. Location & Access3. Location & Access

4. Use of Information4. Use of Information

5. Synthesis5. Synthesis

6. Evaluation6. Evaluation

Information Problem Solving:The Big6™ Skills

Page 18: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

The Big™ Information Problem-Solving Process

1. Task Definition:

1.1 Define the problem.

1.2 Identify the information needed.

2. Information Seeking Strategies:

2.1 Determine all possible sources.

2.2 Select the best sources.

3. Location and Access:

3.1 Locate sources.

3.2 Find information within sources.

4. Use of Information:

4.1 Engage (e.g., read, hear, view).

4.2 Extract relevant information.

5. Synthesis:

5.1 Organize information from multiple sources.

5.2 Present Information.

6. Evaluation:

6.1 Judge the result (effectiveness).

6.2 Judge the process (efficiency).

Page 19: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Summary-Solutions

• Process as well as content

• Information and technology literacy

• Context-not an add-on! within the process

technology in a Big6™ context

tied to existing curriculum instruction, and assignment

Page 20: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Themes of the Big6™

1. The Big6™ can be applied in all subjects, with students of all ages, and across all grade levels (k-20).

2. The Big6™ is adaptable and flexible; it can be applied to any informational situation.

3. Technology skills take on meaning within the Big6™ process.

4. Using the Big6™ is not always a linear, step-by-step process.

5. The Big6™ process is necessary and sufficient for solving problems and completing tasks.

6. The Big6™ is an ideal approach for integrating information literacy learning with all subject are curricula at all grade levels.

Page 21: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Explaining the Big6™

• Essential information skills

• A model of the problem-solving process

• Simple…but not really

• Widely applicable

• Easy to implement

• Powerful

Page 22: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Page 23: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Task Definition

1.1 Define the problem

1.2 Identify the information needed

Page 24: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Information Seeking Strategies

2.1 Determine all possible sources

2.2 Select the best sources

Page 25: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Location & Access

3.1 Locate sources

3.2 Find information within sources

Page 26: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Page 27: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Use of Information

4.1 Engage (read, hear, view)

4.2 Extract relevant, quality information

Page 28: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Synthesis

5.1 Organize

5.2 Present

Page 29: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Evaluation

6.1 Judge the result

6.2 Judge the process

Page 30: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Implementation• Foundation: the information problem-

solving process (the Big6™)

• Context: real needs in real situations• school, life, work

• assignments: papers, reports, projects

• Approach:• Coordination→cooperation→collaboration

• Teachers, administrators, library media specialists, parents, community members

Page 31: © M. Eisenberg 2004 Permission is granted to use Big6 for educational, non-profit instruction provided that Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz are duly recognized

© M. Eisenberg 2004

Implementation

• Partnership:• School and classroom wide

• Classroom teachers

• Library and information specialists

• Technology teachers

• Administrative and curriculum coordinators

• Parents

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© M. Eisenberg 2004

Big6™ Activities

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© M. Eisenberg 2004

www.big6.org

Evaluations