Location: trading posts in the West Indies, North America, Indiaglobal empire

Favorable business and commerce climate with few trade ristirictions

Winning sidegained Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, French Canada, monopolized slave trade which brought enormous wealth

1707-England and Wales were united with Scotland to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain

New taxes passed to help fund wars fought by the British in N.America

Sugar Act (1764), Stamp Act (1765), Declaratory Act stated British

Parliament had complete authority over the colonies

Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, Continental Congress met in Philly: What should the colonists do?

Why: Upset with King George III and Parliament, first time colony breaks from “mother country”

Who: Thomas Jefferson (using many ideas from the Enlightenment› Gov. to protect natural rights: life, liberty, property› “alter or abolish” unjust governments› Popular sovereignty-gov. power comes from the people

When: July 4, 1776 Where: Second Continental Congress (Philly) What: List of grievances and their desire to be

independent of the British Parliament and King

It’s not looking good… France joins the colonists against their

longtime enemy: Britain France brings much needed supplies,

trained soldiers and French warships France is inspired to then fight their

own absolute monarchs at home!

Enlightenment Ideas› Locke: people form governments to

protect their natural rights› Montesquieu: separation of powers, three

branchesLegislative, Executive, Judicial› Voltaire: Separation of Church and State

End of absolutism Power of nobles ended Peasants became

landowners Nationalism Enlightenment ideals Rise of Napoleon Promoted revolutions in

Latin America

Social and Ethnic Structures in Latin America

Colonial governments mirrored the home governments

Catholicism had a strong influence on the development of the colonies

Major element of the economy was the mining of precious metals for export

Established major cities as outposts of colonial authority:

› Havana,› Mexico City› Lima› Sao Paulo and Buenos Aires

Haiti› 1790s enslaved Africans revolt against their

French Colonial Government› Toussaint L’Overture (former slave) leads

the revolutionaries› Napoleon is unable to defeat the revolution

and regain Haiti› Sells the French Louisiana Territory to the

US in 1803› French troops in the Americas return to fight

in Europe› Defeated Spain, France and Britain’s armies

Father Miguel Hidalgo (Creole priest) encourages Mexicans to fight for their independence in 1810

Early success but faced growing opposition

Less than a year later Hidalgo was captured and executed

Hidalgo is seen as the father of Mexican independence…WHY?

Spanish Colonies (Venezuela and Bolivia) Mental movie p. 286 Simon Bolivar (native Venezuelan)

› Studied Enlightenment ideas in the US (1807) and in London (1810)

› Organized the Republic of Venezuela› Wrote the Constitution of Bolivia

While independence came to much of Latin America, the region continued to suffer from the legacy of colonization.

Latin American nations were acknowledged to be independent

The US would regard as a threat to its own peace and safety any attempt by European powers to impose their system on any independent stat in the Western Hemisphere

An attack on one would be an attack on all…

Characteristics of the Colonial System• Colonial __________ mirrored the home __________• ___________________ had a strong influence on the

development of the colonies• Major element of the ___________ was the mining of

precious ____________ for ___________• Established major cities as outposts of colonial

authority:– Havana, __________________– Mexico City, __________________– Lima, ____________________– Sao Paulo, ______________________– Buenos Aires, ____________________

American & French Revolutions Inspire Revolts in Latin America (page 203, 287)

Social and Ethnic Structures in Latin America

Creoles:

Mestizos:

Mulattoes:

1804:

Directions: Using pages 203 and 287 in your book, label the countries, the year they gained their independence, and the country from which they gained it. Then color all the countries Bolivar helped gain independence.

1821:

Simon Bolivar:

1. Who was the Monroe Doctrine named after and when was it created?

2. Under the Monroe Doctrine, what nations were seen as being independent by the United States?

3. How would the U.S. view an attack on these nations?

4. Why would the U.S. get involved in Latin America?