Intelligence

List behaviors you believe to be characteristic of particularly intelligent people and particularly unintelligent people.

Intelligence- the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

Is intelligence one general ability or Several specific abilities?

What is Intelligence?

Charles Spearman (1863-1945) believed we have one GENERAL INTELLIGENCE (g)

GENERAL INTELLIGENCE - underlies specific mental abilities and is measured by every task on an intelligence test.

This general mental capacity is demonstrated through FACTOR ANALYSIS.

FACTOR ANALYSIS – a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items.

Intelligence is One General

Ability?

Gardner’s Eight Intelligences 1. Linguistic -T.S. Eliot, Poet 2. Logical-mathematical – Albert Einstein 3. Musical – Mozart, composer 4. Spatial – Picasso, artist 5. Bodily-kinesthetic – Jordan, athlete 6. Intrapersonal (self) – Freud, Psychiatrist 7. Interpersonal (other people) – Ghandi,

leader Naturalist – Darwin, naturalist

Sternberg’s Three Intelligences Analytical Intelligence – ability to

solve well defined problems with one specific answer.

Creative Intelligence – demonstrated in reacting adaptively to novel situations and creating novel ideas.

Practical Intelligence – required for everyday tasks, which may be undefined and may have multiple solutions.

Or is it Several Specific Abilities?

Savant - Stephen Wiltshire

Perceive Emotions: recognize them in faces, music, and storiesUnderstand Emotions: predict them and how they change and blend. Manage Emotions: know how to express them in varied situations. Use Emotions: to enable adaptive or creative thinking.

Emotional Intelligence: the ability to perceive,

understand, manage and use emotions.

Intelligence Testing

When and Why were intelligence tests created?

What is the difference between aptitude and achievement tests?

Lewis Terman, a professor at Stanford University adjusted the test for American students and adults.

Created the Stanford-Binet test. Began use of IQ score.

IQ = (Mental Age/Chronological Age)100

Alfred Binet: in 1904 was commissioned by France to study the problem.

Believed that all children follow the same course of intellectual development but some develop faster or slower than others.

Mental Age: the level of performance typically associated with a certain age.

Created the Binet-Simon scale, first known intelligence test.

Origins of Intelligence Testing

* 1900’s France Passes a Law Requiring all children to attend school.

* This creates the need to objectively identify students with special needs

Achievement Tests Tests designed to assess what

a person has learned.

Ex… AP Exam, FCAT

Aptitude Tests Tests designed to predict a person’s future

performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn.

Ex… SAT, ACT

Modern Test

What is the difference between aptitude and achievement tests?

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

* currently the most widely used intelligence test.

* Consists of 11 subsets broken into verbal and performance

areas.

* Yields overall intelligence score, and scores for verbal

comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory,

and processing speed.

What are the 11 categories?

Create your own version of 11 sample questions

Standardization: defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.

Normal Curve: scores tend to form this shape.

Reliability: the extent to which a test yields consistent results.

Validity: the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.

Content Validity: the extent to which a test samples behavior that is of interest.

Predictive Validity: the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict.

Intellectual Disability: a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by a score of 70 or below (formerly referred to as mental retardation)

LOW EXTREME

HIGH EXTREME

Sho YanoWas playing Mozart by age 4

Aced the SAT at age 8

Graduated Summa Cum Laude from Loyola University at age 12

At 21 earned combined Ph.D.-M.D. studies at the University of Chicago

Sho Yano Article