Ø á˙ LATEX2 0 - ice.dlut.edu.cn

°Øá LATEX 2ε 0

½ 140©¨Æ¬ LATEX 2ε

öµTobias Oetiker

Hubert Partl, Irene Hyna and Elisabeth Schlegl

µVersion 4.20, May 31, 2006

¥©Èµ¥©TEXÆ¬

¥©µ 4.20§ooÔcÊ

ii

Tobias Oetiker9zöPk © 1995-2005"3¤k|"

ù°©´¤¶3 Free Software FoundationÙ GNUÏ^ÑNy

^±e§\±2½ö?U§"Ny±´1§½ö?ÛU£\¿¤"

uÙù°©´F"§¬k^§¿ØJø?Ûæ¶$vkûû½ö·

^,A½8V¹y"õ[!wGNUÏ^ÑNy"

\ATù°©Â° GNUÏ^ÑNy¶XJvk§& Free

Software Foundation§/µ675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"

3ù°0¥¦^Nõá5gc/|<¦^> LATEX

2.090µ

Hubert Partl <[email protected]>

Zentraler Informatikdienst der Universität für Bodenkultur Wien

Irene Hyna <[email protected]>

Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung Wien

Elisabeth Schlegl <noemail>

in Graz

XJ\é©©k,§\±éd Jörg Knappen é

LATEX 2ε #§3CTAN ´µ

CTAN:/tex-archive/info/lshort/german

mailto:[email protected]


mailto:no email

ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/info/lshort/german

iv

e<¬U?d©Jø§ïÆÚá"¦ØãåÏ·rù

°©¢yy3ùf"·é¦¤k<L«ªa",§\3

Ö¥é/¤kØÑ´·Ø"$\z©(üc§

Ñ½´due¡Ñù<Ï·"

Rosemary Bailey, Marc Bevand, Friedemann Brauer, Jan Busa, Markus Brühwiler,

Pietro Braione, David Carlisle, José Carlos Santos, Neil Carter, Mike Chapman,

Pierre Chardaire, Christopher Chin, Carl Cerecke, Chris McCormack, Wim van Dam,

Jan Dittberner, Michael John Downes, Matthias Dreier, David Dureisseix, Elliot,

Hans Ehrbar, Daniel Flipo, David Frey, Hans Fugal, Robin Fairbairns, Jörg Fischer,

Erik Frisk, Mic Milic Frederickx, Frank, Kasper B. Graversen, Arlo Griffiths,

Alexandre Guimond, Andy Goth, Cyril Goutte, Greg Gamble, Frank Fischli, Morten

Høgholm, Neil Hammond, Rasmus Borup Hansen, Joseph Hilferty, Björn Hvittfeldt,

Martien Hulsen, Werner Icking, Jakob, Eric Jacoboni, Alan Jeffrey, Byron Jones,

David Jones, Johannes-Maria Kaltenbach, Michael Koundouros, Andrzej Kawalec,

Sander de Kievit, Alain Kessi, Christian Kern, Tobias Klauser, Jörg Knappen, Kjetil

Kjernsmo, Maik Lehradt, Rémi Letot, Flori Lambrechts, Axel Liljencrantz, Johan

Lundberg, Alexander Mai, Hendrik Maryns, Martin Maechler, Aleksandar S

Milosevic, Henrik Mitsch, Claus Malten, Kevin Van Maren, Richard Nagy, Philipp

Nagele, Lenimar Nunes de Andrade, Manuel Oetiker, Urs Oswald, Martin Pfister,

Demerson Andre Polli, Nikos Pothitos, Maksym Polyakov Hubert Partl, John Refling,

Mike Ressler, Brian Ripley, Young U. Ryu, Bernd Rosenlecher, Chris Rowley, Risto

Saarelma, Hanspeter Schmid, Craig Schlenter, Gilles Schintgen, Baron Schwartz,

Christopher Sawtell, Miles Spielberg, Geoffrey Swindale, Laszlo Szathmary, Boris

Tobotras, Josef Tkadlec, Scott Veirs, Didier Verna, Fabian Wernli, Carl-Gustav

Werner, David Woodhouse, Chris York, Fritz Zaucker, Rick Zaccone, and Mikhail

Zotov.

v

4.20¥©N

¥© TEXAÌ lshort-cn?&®âó

~&Älý§Y\*lkµ

CTEXª^ ID ½1Ùì

zpxing có!1Ù!1ÊÙ 1-2.4 & 3!18Ù

Frogge 1Ù

liwenjun 1nÙ

lĳian605 1oÙ

gprsnl 1ÊÙ 2.5-2.11

blackoldu1Ù½k¤æ5§d zpxingÁ"

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.20¥©N

©ÈódCTEXÌ/²;¯K0Æ§²Câ

±¤"ÏmëÈó*lkµ

CTEXØ ID ÈÙ! ©¶

²;¯K có overview.tex

pH 1Ù things.tex

controlong 1Ù typeset.tex

cxterm 1nÙ math.tex, lssym.tex

aloft 1oÙ spec.tex

ganzhi 1ÊÙ custom.tex

3dAùÁzöL«a!

có

LATEX [1]´«üXÚ§§~·û)¤p<MþEÚê

Æa©"ùXÚÓ·û)¤lü&Ö7¤kÙ¦«

a©"LATEX¦^ TEX[2]§ªzÚ"

ù°á0£ã LATEX 2ε ¦^§é LATEXõêA^5À

T´v"ë©z [1, 3]é LATEXXÚJø£ã"

ù°0k8Ùµ

1Ù w\'u LATEX 2ε ©Ä("\¬l¥): LATEX

¤"ÖùÙ§\ATéLATEXXÛókn)"

1Ù &Ä©ü[!"§)ºÜ©7 LATEX·-Ú¸"

3ÖùÙ§\ÒU?\1°©"

1nÙ )ºXÛ¦^ LATEXüúª"Ó§þ~f¬kÏ\n)

LATEX´XÛr"3ùÙ!(§\¬éLATEX¥¤

k^êÆÎÒL"

1oÙ )º¢ÚÚë©)¤!EPSã/\"§0XÛ¦

^ pdfLATEX)¤ pdf©ÚÙ¦k^*Ð÷"

1ÊÙ ü«XÛ¦^ LATEXMïã/"Ø7¦^ã/^xã!¿

\ LATEX©§\±£ãã/§,LATEX¬O\xÐ§"

18Ù ¹d3x&E§k'é LATEX)IO©ÙÛXÛ

JøÀ"§¬w\XÛUC LATEXwå5k:<sÀ

Ü§¤ÑÑ"

Uì^SÖùÙ!´é¨¨ùÖ.¾Ø"½@ýÖ

~f§Ï30B«~fp¹éõ&E"

viii có

LATEX±^3l PCÚMac. UNIXÚ VMSXÚþ"NõÆ

OÅ8+þSC LATEX§±¦^"Local Guide [5]pAT¬0

XÛ¦^/SC LATEX"XJk¯K§Ò¯\ùþf<"ù

°©Ø¬w\XÛSCLATEXXÚ§ ´¬\?LATEXU?

n©"

XJ\ LATEX'á§/Comprehensive TEX Archive

Network0(CTAN)Õ:§Ì´ http://www.ctan.org"¤k÷±

l ftp8Õ: ftp://www.ctan.orgÚHÙ¥ºÕ:¥¼"

¤k÷Ñ±3 ftp://ctan.tug.org±9§HÙ¥º"

3Ö¥\¬éÙ¦Ú^ CTAN/§AO/§Ñ\UIe

1^Ú©«"ùpvkÑ url§ ==´Ù3 CTAN:

äG(¥ "

XJ\3gCOÅþ$1 LATEX§3

CTAN:/tex-archive/systems¥wwko"

XJ\k¿3ù°©¥O\!íØ½öUCSN§Ï·"·é

LATEX ÐÆö"AOa,§cÙ´'uù°0=Ü©éNń

)§=Ü©UIÐ/)º"

Tobias Oetiker <[email protected]>

Department of Information Technology and

Electrical Engineering,

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

ù°©#3

CTAN:/tex-archive/info/lshort

'uù°©#¥©È§\Î

http://bbs.ctex.org

ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/systems


ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/info/lshort

http://bbs.ctex.org

8¹

iii

có vii

1Ù Ä:£ 1

1.1 iZ¶8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1.1 TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1.2 LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2 Ä: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.2.1 ö!ãÖOöÚüö . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.2.2 ¡O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.2.3 `³ÚØv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.3 LATEX © . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.3.1 xål . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.3.2 AÏiÎ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.3.3 LATEX·- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.3.4 5º . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.4 ©( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.5 ;.·-1L§ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.6 ©ÙÛ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.6.1 ©a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.6.2 ÷ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.6.3 ¡ª . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1.7 a LATEX© . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1.8 .ó§ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1Ù ©ü 15

2.1 ©Úó( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

x 8¹

2.2 ä1Ú© . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.2.1 éàãá . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.2.2 äc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.3 SiÎG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.4 AÏiÎÚÎÒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.4.1 ÚÒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.4.2 »òÒÚëiÒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.4.3 ÅLÒ (∼) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.4.4 ÝÎÒ () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.4.5 îÎÒ(e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.4.6 ÑÒ (. . . ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.4.7 ëi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.4.8 5ÑÎÒÚAÏiÎ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.5 ISó|± . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2.5.1 Ä:ß©|± . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2.5.2 ©|± . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2.5.3 ©|± . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2.5.4 m©|± . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2.5.5 ^F1© . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.5.6 d.Å©|± . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2.6 ücm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2.7 IK!ÙÚ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

2.8 Ú^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

2.9 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2.10 rN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2.11 ¸ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

2.11.1 Itemize!EnumerateÚ Description . . . . . . . . . . . 35

2.11.2 éà!méàÚØ¥ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

2.11.3 Ú^!¹Ú(© . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

2.11.4 Á . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

2.11.5 ©< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

2.11.6 L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

2.12 2ÄN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

2.13 oyf·- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

8¹ xi

1nÙ êÆúª 45

3.1 nã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

3.2 êÆª+| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

3.3 êÆúªÄ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

3.4 êÆ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

3.5 Rà . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

3.6 J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

3.7 êÆiNº . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

3.8 ½n!½Æ!,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

3.9 oNÎÒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

3.10 êÆÎÒL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

1oÙ ;õU 69

4.1 \ EPSã/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

4.2 ë©z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

4.3 ¢Ú . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

4.4 ½wÚ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

4.5 Verbatim÷ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

4.6 SC÷ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

4.7 ¦^ pdfLATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

4.7.1 uÙþ PDF© . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

4.7.2 iN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

4.7.3 ¦^ã/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

4.7.4 ó . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

4.7.5 ó¯K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

4.7.6 Ö\¯K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

4.8 Mïü«©v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

1ÊÙ êÆã/ 89

5.1 Vã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

5.2 picture¸ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

5.2.1 Ä·- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

5.2.2 ã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

5.2.3 Þ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

5.2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

5.2.5 ©úª . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

5.2.6 \multiput \linethickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

xii 8¹

5.2.7 ý . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

5.2.8 E¦^ý½Âã/Ýf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

5.2.9 g Bézier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

5.2.10 ]ó . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

5.2.11 Ié5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

5.3 XY-pic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

18Ù ½ LATEX 105

6.1 #ï·-!¸Ú÷ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

6.1.1 #ï·- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

6.1.2 #ï¸ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

6.1.3 xmå . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

6.1.4 ·-1 LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

6.1.5 gï÷ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

6.2 iNÚiÒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

6.2.1 iNC·- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

6.2.2 ÔÔ©©§XÁX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

6.2.3 ïÆ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

6.3 må . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

6.3.1 1å . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

6.3.2 ãáª . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

6.3.3 Y²må . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

6.3.4 Rmå . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

6.4 ¡ÙÛ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

6.5 kÝ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

6.6 Ýf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

6.7 IºÚ| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

ë©z 123

¢Ú 125

ã/ü

1.1 ü LATEX ©" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.2 Ø©a~f" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4.1 fancyhdr¢~" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

4.2 beamer©a~" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

6.1 ÷~" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

6.2 ¡ÙÛëê" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Lü

1.1 ©a" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.2 ©aÀ" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.3 LATEXåu1÷" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.4 LATEXý½Â¡ª" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.1 îÎÒóä" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.2 5ÑÎÒÚAÏiÎ" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2.3 Ä:ß©¤Ió«" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2.4 ©;^·-" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2.5 ©;îÎ" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2.6 F1©©¤Ió«" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.7 F1©AÏiÎ" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.8 \|æ©!©Ú¿=©" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

2.9 2ÄNN" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

3.1 êÆªÑÎÒ" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

3.2 F1i1" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

3.3 'X" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

3.4 $Î" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

3.5 /0$Î" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

3.6 Þ" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

3.7 ½.Î" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

3.8 ½.Î" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

3.9 Ù¦ÎÒ" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

3.10 êÆÎÒ" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

3.11 AMS½.Î" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

3.12 AMSF1ÚFË5i1" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

3.13 AMS'X" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

xvi Lü

3.14 AMSÞ" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

3.15 AMSÄ½'XÎÚÞ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

3.16 AMS$Î" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

3.17 AMSÙ§ÎÒ" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

3.18 êÆi1" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

4.1 graphicx÷¦^'c" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

4.2 ¢Ú'c«~" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

6.1 iN" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

6.2 iÒ" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

6.3 IO©a¥ýé pt" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

6.4 êÆiN" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

6.5 TEXü " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

1Ù Ä:£

Ù1Ü©Ñ LATEX 2εn9¤á0"1Ü©8¥

ù) LATEX©Ä("ÖÙ§\AT) LATEXó

n§ùé\n)ÖÙÜ©5`´7L"

1.1 iZ¶8

1.1.1 TEX

TEX´ Donald E. Knuth?±ü©Ù9êÆúª8I

OÅ§S [2]"1977c§3¿£üþ3KgCÍ9

©Ù§Knuthm©? TEXüXÚÚ§&¢m©?\Ñó

êi<Mdå§cF"UÛ=üþewùª³"·y

3¦^ TEXXÚuÙu 1982c§3 1989cqU?§O\é 8i!

iÎ9õó|±"TEX±ÙR½5!3ØÓa.>Mþ$1

±9Avk" Í¡"TEXÒØäªCu π§y3 3.141592"

TEXuÑ “Tech”§Ù¥ “ch”ÑÚ “Ach”1 9= “Loch”

¥ “ch” aq"“ch” guF1i1§3F1©¥§Xí1 “ch” ½

“chi”"TEX Ó´F1üc texnologia (technology)1Ñ!"3

ASCII©¸¥§TEX TeX"

1.1.2 LATEX

LATEX´÷§§¦^ýk½ÂÐ;¡§±¦ö

pþüÚ<¦¬"LATEXÐd Leslie Lamport? [1]§§

¦^ TEX§SüÚ"y3 LATEXd Frank MittelbachKIo"

13¥§“ch” kü«uÑ§U@ “Pech” ¥^ “ch” \Ü·"¯9ù¯K

§Knuth3 German Wikipedia¥µ<±¦Uª5©ÖTEX§·¿Øa)í,

,3¥§õ<U^ ch§Ï X3Ñ e¡"3¥§‘tex’´~ÊÏc

§Ö ‘tyekh’"·&Ü·uÑ5gF1§Ù¥ achÚ Loch¥ chuÑk"

2 Ä:£

LATEX uÑ “Lay-tech”½ “Lah-tech”"XJ3 ASCII¸¥Ú^

LATEX§\±Ñ\ LaTeX"LATEX 2ε uÑ “Lay-tech two e”§3 ASCII

¸¥ LaTeX2e"

1.2 Ä:

1.2.1 ö!ãÖOöÚüö

Ñ1ÚÒ´örÐiÃvÑúi§,dãÖO

ö5û½©ÙÛ£9°!iN!IKcmå!,,¤"ãÖO

ö¬r¦ü`²?öÃvp§2üö§düöâù

`²5üÖ"

ãÖOöÁãn)ö¿ã"¦âÃvSN

Ú¦gC£û½Ù!IK!©zÚ^!~f9úª"

3 LATEX¸¥§LATEX¿ãÖOöÚ§ TEXK´Ù

üö"´ LATEX/==0 §S§Ïd§Iéõ"ö7L

Jø&E§5£ãÙÍÜ6("ù&E´±/LATEX·-0

/ª\©¥"

ùÚõêy©i?nóä§XMS Word 9 Corel WordPerfect ¤

æ^¤=¤ (WYSIWYG2)ª´ké«O"¦^ùóä

§ö3OÅ¥Ñ\©Ó§ÏLpÄª(½©ÙÙÛ"

ö±l¶4þw¬ª<J"

¦^ LATEX§´ØU3Ñ\©ÓwªÑÑJ

§´¦^ LATEX?n©§B±3¶4þýAªÑÑJ"

Ïd3ý<©c´±ÑU"

1.2.2 ¡O

üO´ó²"ØÙöö@Ö7O==´Æ¯K§

Ï ²~¬îªØ))/XJ°©l²âÝwå5Ø

§@o§OÒ´¤õ0"ØL°^5Ö Ø´!3xIp

©§§Ö5Ún)5'¤*"~Xµ

• 7LÀ½iÒÚIKSÒ§¦ÖöUÙn)Ù!("

• z1Qvá±;Ööú«N§qv±±¡

*"

2What you see is what you get.

1.2 Ä: 3

3¦^¤=¤XÚ (WYSIWYG)§ö²~¬Ñwþ

¤§(jß½Øë0©Ù5"LATEXÏLrö(²©Ü

6(§±;ùüªØ",§LATEX2â©(ÀJ

Ü·¡ª"

1.2.3 `³ÚØv

¦^¤=¤ (WYSIWYG)<Ú¦^ LATEX<å§¦

²~?ØKÒ /'©i?n^§LATEX`³ (advantages

of LATEX)0½öØv"ù?Øm©§\Ð±$N§Ïù

?Ø ¬"k\ØU<;,,

e¡B´Éì"LATEXù©i?n^?8BXeµ

• Jø;¡O§±¦°©wå5Ò/<M¬0"

• ±BüêÆúª"

• ^rIÆ(²©Ü6(ü´Ã·-§ Ø7é©

¢S¡??ÖÖ"

• ±N´)¤5!Ú^!8¹Úë©zéõE,("

• éõØÄ LATEX |±üó§±d¤V\÷5

¤"~X§|±3©¥\ PostScriptªã÷9üÎ

ÜaO(IOë©z÷"éõùa÷3 The LATEX

Companion [3]¥Ñk`²"

• LATEXyöUìÜn(§Ï LATEXÒ´ÏL²©

(5?1üó"

• TEX§ LATEX 2ε üÚ§Ø=¤§ äkép£

5§A±3?ÛM²þ$1"

LATEXkØv?"¦+·±(½O<±ÑAz^§·gC%

éJé'n ;-)

• vkK<ØU¦^LATEXéÐó,,

• ¦+±N!ýk½ÂÐ©¡ÙÛ¥ëê§O

#¡´é(J§¿¬Ñ¤þm3"

• =¦k-<Ímà§\UÃÝºÙ°"3Dªùò´5 LATEX 3XÚ¥|¤Ü©"

4 Ä:£

1.3 LATEX ©

LATEX ©ÊÏ ASCII©§\±¦^?Û©?6ì5M

ï"LATEX ©Ø=¹ü©§ ¹w LATEXXÛ

üù©SN·-"

1.3.1 xål

ÚLÎxiÎ3 LATEX¥wÓxål (space)"

õëYxiÎÓuxiÎ"3éÄxål¬

Ñ§ü1@´/xål0"

ü1©mx1IXþã(åÚeãm©"õx1

^Óuüx1"e¡B´~f§>´ ©¥©§m>

´ü(J"

It does not matter whether you

enter one or several spaces

after a word.

An empty line starts a new

paragraph.

It does not matter whether you enter one

or several spaces after a word.

An empty line starts a new paragraph.

1.3.2 AÏiÎ

e¡ùiÎ´ LATEX¥3iÎ (reserved characters)§§½

3 LATEX¥kAÏ¿Â§½Ø½3u¤ki¥¥"XJ\3©

¥Ñ\ùiÎ§Ï~§Ø¬ÑÑ§ ¬ LATEX\ØF

"u)¯"

# $ % ^ & _ ~ \

X\w§3ùiÎc\þ§§Ò±~ÑÑ©

¥"

\# \$ \% \^ \& \_ \ \ \~ # $ % ˆ & _ ˜

Ù¦AÏÎÒ±dêÆ¸¥AÏ·-½Ñ·-"

\ØUÏL3Ùc¡\, (\\)¶ù´^51

·-4"

4ÁÁ $\backslash$ ·-§§ò)¤ ‘\’"

1.3 LATEX © 5

1.3.3 LATEX·-

LATEX·- (commands)´¯a§k±eü«ªµ

• ± (backslash) \m©§·-¶di1|¤"·-¶

Î!êi½?Ûi1iÎÑIXT·-(å"

• dÚi1iÎ|¤"

LATEXÑ·-xiÎ"XJ\F"3·-§

±3·-\þ Ú§½\þAÏ·-"ò

LATEX¯K·-¤k"

I read that Knuth divides the

people working with \TeX into

\TeXnicians and \TeX perts.\\

Today is \today.

I read that Knuth divides the people

working with TEX into TEXnicians and

TEXperts.

Today is September 28, 2007.

k·-Iëê (parameter)§Tëê^s)Ò (curly braces)

)4¿3·-¡"·-|±Àëê (optional parameters)§

Àëê^)Ò (square brackets) [ ])4§,3·-¡"e

¡~f¥¦^ LATEX·-§ØX:§¡ò)º§¹Â"

You can \textsllean on me! You can lean on me!

Please, start a new line

right here!\newline

Thank you!

Please, start a new line right here!

Thank you!

1.3.4 5º

LATEX?n ©§XJz©Ò %§LATEXòÑ %

T1SN§1Î±9e1cxiÎ"

·±âd3 ©¥5º§ ù5º¿Ø¬Ñy3

ü(J¥"

This is an % stupid

% Better: instructive <----

example: Supercal%

ifragilist%

icexpialidocious

This is an example: Supercalifragilisticex-

pialidocious

6 Ä:£

%ÎÒ±^5ämØU¹kxiÎ½1ÎÑ\SN"

XJI5º§\±¦^ verbatim÷Jø comment¸"

,§3¦^T¸c§\3©ó«£¡ò¬)ºÙ¹Â¤\þ

·- \usepackageverbatim"

This is another

\begincomment

rather stupid,

but helpful

\endcomment

example for embedding

comments in your document.

This is another example for embedding

comments in your document.

I5¿´±þ3êÆ¸E,¸¥Øå^"

1.4 ©(

LATEX 2ε ?n ©§§F" ©l½( (structure)"

Ïd§z ©Ñ±Xe·-m©

\documentclass...

ù^·-²\¤ ©a.",§\Ò±\\©

ª·-§½ö1\ LATEXO\#A5÷ (package)"±^

Xe·-1\÷

\usepackage...

¤¤kó5§\±ê¡·-m©©ÌN

\begindocument

y3\Ò±Ñ\k LATEX·-©"3©Ù"¦^·-

\enddocument

5w LATEX©®²(å"LATEX¬Ñd·-¤kSN"

ã 1.1w«´ü LATEX 2ε©("E, ©

(input file)(Xã 1.2¤«"

53 \documentclass Ú \begindocumentmÜ©¡ó« (preamble)"

1.4 ©( 7

\documentclassarticle

\begindocument

Small is beautiful.

\enddocument

ã 1.1: ü LATEX ©"

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]article

% define the title

\authorH.~Partl

\titleMinimalism

\begindocument

% generates the title

\maketitle

% insert the table of contents

\tableofcontents

\sectionSome Interesting Words

Well, and here begins my lovely article.

\sectionGood Bye World

\ldots and here it ends.

\enddocument

ã 1.2: Ø©a LATEX ©~f§T~¥¤k·-¡Ñ¬ù"

8 Ä:£

1.5 ;.·-1L§

·cÙ\y3½~"Á1 7þá' LATEX ©"

e¡B´ÏµLATEXvkã/^r.¡½¤UÜ§§==´

?n\Jø ©§S"k LATEXSCJøcàã

/.¡§\±ÏL:ÂUÜ5?È\ ©"Ù¦XÚþUÒ

¦^·-5?È ©§e¡ü«Ò´XÛ3Äu©XÚþ

4 LATEX?È\ ©"I5¿µ±eü«cJ´ LATEX®²(

SC\>M¥6"

1. Mï¿?6\ ©" ©7L´ÊÏASCIIª"3UnixX

Úe§¤k?6ìÑ±Mïù©"3WindowsXÚe§\

7L(©±ASCII½ÊÏ©ª"À\ ©©

¶§(§*Ð¶´ .tex"

2. $1 LATEX ?È\ ©"XJ¤õ§\ò¬ .dvi

©"8¹Ú¤kSÜÚ^§Uõg$1 LATEX"

©¥3Ø§LATEX¬w\Ø¿Ê?n ©"Ñ\

ctrl-D±£·-1"

latex foo.tex

3. y3±ÏLA«5ýADVI©"\±¦ê·-

ò©w«¶4þ

xdvi foo.dvi &

ù«·ûSCX11UnixXÚ"XJ\¦^´Windows

XÚ§±¦^ yap5ýA (½Ù¦ýA§S)"

\±¦^ Ghostscriptò dvi©=¤ PostScript©5

<½ýA"

dvips -Pcmz foo.dvi -o foo.ps

XJ\ LATEXXÚ¥k dvipdfóä§Ò±ò .dvi©

=¤ pdf©"

dvipdf foo.dvi

6ù´3Ü©UnixXÚe¹,,ý<¦Ûnix§¤±,, ;-)

1.6 ©ÙÛ 9

1.6 ©ÙÛ

1.6.1 ©a

LATEX?n ©§ÄkIÒ´ö¤Mï©a

."©a.d \documentclass·-5½"

\documentclass[options]class

ùp class ²¤Mï©a."L 1.1 Ñ©¤`²©

a"LATEX 2ε u1¥JøÙ¦©a§&Ú¡"

ÏL options ëê±½©aá5"ØÓÀmL^ÏÒm"

IO©a~^ÀXL 1.2¤«"

~fµ LATEX ©±e¡1m©

\documentclass[11pt,twoside,a4paper]article

ù^·-¬Ú LATEX¦^ article ª!11iN5üT©§

¿3 A4þV¡<J"

1.6.2 ÷

ü©§\U¬uy3,/ÄLATEX¿ØU)û\¯

K"XJ\ã/ (graphics)!çÚ© (coloured text)½ è\

L 1.1: ©a"

article üÆÏr!ü«©§áw!§S©!¼!,,

proc Äu article¬Æ©8a"

minimal ~©a"¡ºÚÄiN"Ì^5"

report üõÙ!w!áÖ7!Æ¬Ø©!,,

book üÖ7"

slides ü¡"T©a¦^Ò sans serif iN"±À^

FoilTEXa 5ÓJ"

amacros/latex/contrib/supported/foiltex

10 Ä:£

L 1.2: ©aÀ"

10pt, 11pt, 12pt ©¥¤¦îN"XJTvk½§

%@¦^ 10ptiN"

a4paper, letterpaper, . . . ½ÂÜº""

letterpaper"d§±¦^ a5paper, b5paper,

executivepaper±9 legalpaper"

fleqn 1múªéà§ Ø´Ø¥éà"

leqno 1múª?Òéà§ Ø´méà"

titlepage, notitlepage ½´Ä3©IK (document title),å

"article©a"Øm©#§reportÚ bookaK

"

onecolumn, twocolumn ½ LATEX±ü9 (one column)½V9 (two

column)ªü©"

twoside, oneside ½©V¡½ü¡<ª"articleÚ

reportaü¡ (single sided)ª§booka"V¡ (double

sided)ª"5¿TÀ´û©ª§ Ø¬Ï<Å±

V¡ª<©"

landscape ò©<ÑÑÙÛ landscapeª"

openright, openany û½#Ù´=3Ûêm©´3em

©"3 articlea¥TÀØå^§ÏTa¥vk½Â“Ù”

(chapter)"reporta%@3em©#Ù booka#Ùo

´3Ûêm©"

1.7 a LATEX© 11

©¥§\ÒI¦^÷5Or LATEXõU"¦^Xe·-N^÷

\usepackage[options]package

ùp package ´÷¶¡§options´^5>u÷AÏõU|'

c"éõ÷ LATEX Äu1åuÙ (L 1.3)§Ù¦KüÕu

Ù"\±3¤SC LATEXXÚ¥éõ÷'&E"The LATEX

Companion [3]Jø'u÷&E§§¹êz÷£ã9

XÛgC LATEX 2ε*Ð"

y TEXu1¹þ¤÷"XJ\¦^ÚnixX

Ú§±¦^·- texdoc|¢÷`²©"

1.6.3 ¡ª

LATEX|±n«ý½Âw/ (header/footer)ª§¡¡

ª (page style)"Xe·-

\pagestylestyle

¥ style ëê(½¦^=«¡ª"L 1.4Ñý½Â¡

ª"

±ÏLXe·-5UCc¡¡ª

\thispagestylestyle

XÛMïg½Âw`²±ëThe LATEX Companion [3]9

1 731 4.4!"

1.7 a LATEX©

¦^ LATEX§\Ué¯uygCu«ØÓ*Ð¶ (extension)

½ÎÃ¢©/¤û¥"e¡L)º3¦^ LATEX

U©a."5¿´§eLØ´¤k*Ð¶L§XJ\uy

k©a.vkÂ¹?5§Ï·"

.tex LATEX½ TEX ©"±¦^ latex·-?È"

.sty LATEX÷©"±¦^ \usepackage·-ò÷©1\\

LATEX©¥"

12 Ä:£

L 1.3: LATEXåu1÷"

doc ü LATEX`²©"äN£ã doc.dtxa 9 The LATEX Compan-

ion [3]"

exscale JøU'~ êÆ*ÐiN"

äN£ã ltexscale.dtx"

fontenc ²¦^=« LATEXiN?è (font encoding)"

äN£ã ltoutenc.dtx"

ifthen JøXe/ª·-

‘if. . . then do. . . otherwise do. . . .’

äN£ã ifthen.dtx9 The LATEX Companion [3]"

latexsym Jø LATEX ÎÒiN"äN£ã latexsym.dtx 9 The LATEX

Companion [3]"

makeidx Jøü¢Ú·-"äN£ã 4.39 The LATEX Companion

[3]"

syntonly ?È© Ø)¤ dvi©£~û¤"

inputenc ²¦^=«Ñ\?è§X ASCII, ISO Latin-1, ISO Latin-2,

437/850 IBM code pages, Apple Macintosh, Next, ANSI-Windows½

^rg½Â?è"äN£ã inputenc.dtx"

a\XÚ¥ATSCT©§Ñ\·- latex doc.dtx ?nT© dvi ©"aq

·ûL¥Ù¦ .dtx©"

L 1.4: LATEXý½Â¡ª"

plain 3¥w«è"ù´¡ª""

headings 3w¥w«Ù!¶9è§x"£©=æ^dª¤

empty òwÑx"

1.8 .ó§ 13

.dtx ©z TEX ©"ù´ LATEX÷©ÌuÙª"XJ?È

.dtx©§ò¬Ù¥¹ LATEX÷©©z÷è"

.ins éA .dtx©SC©"XJ\lþe1 LATEX÷©

§Ù¥¬¹ .dtx©Ú .ins©"¦^ LATEX?n

.ins©±)m .dtx©"

.cls ½Â©*/ªa©§±ÏL¦^ \documentclass·-À

"

.fd iN£ã©§±w LATEXk'#iN&E"

e¡ù©´¦^ LATEX?n ©)µ

.dvi Ã'©"ù´$1 LATEX?ÈÌ(J"\±¦^DViý

AìýAÙSN½¦^ dvips½Ù¦§SÑÑ<Å"

.log P¹þg?È[&E"

.toc ;¤kÙ!IK"eg?ÈòÖT©¿)¤8¹"

.lof Ú .toc©aq§)¤ã/8¹"

.lot Ú .toc©aq§)¤L8¹"

.aux ^5eg?ÈD4&E9Ï©"Ì;Ú^'&

E"

.idx XJ©¥¹¢Ú§LATEXò¦^T©;¤k¢Úc^"d

©I¦^ makeindex?n§ u 721 4.3!"

.ind ?nL .idx©"eg?ÈòÖ\\©¥"

.ilg Ú .log©aq§P¹ makeindex·-$1[&E"

1.8 .ó§

?n.©§Ðò©©¤AÜ©"LATEXkü·-

±Ï\¤ùó"

\includefilename

\±¦^T·-ò¶ filename.tex ©SN\c©¥"I

5¿´§3?n\ filename.tex ©c§LATEX¬,å"

14 Ä:£

1·-U3ó«¦^"§±4LATEX=Ö\, \included

©"

\includeonlyfilename,filename,. . .

ù^·-3©ó«1§3¤k \include·-¥§k©

¶Ñy3 \includeonly·-ëê¥©â¬\"5¿©¶Ú

ÏÒmØUk"

\include·-¬3#þü1\©"ùéu¦^\includeonly

·-ékÏ§Ï=¦1\©Ñ§©?Ø¬u)Cz"

kÿUØF"3#þü1\©§ù±¦^·-

\inputfilename

\input·-´ü1\½©§vkÙ¦"

XJ4 LATEX ¯u©¥Ø§±¦^ syntonly ÷"

§±¦ LATEXèA©§uØÚ¦^·-§¿Ø)¤

DVIÑÑ"3ù«ªe§LATEX $1Ýé¯§±\!B

m"syntonly÷¦^~üµ

\usepackagesyntonly

\syntaxonly

XJ)©§5ºK11= (3c¡\þz©Ò %)"

1Ù ©ü

ÖcÙ§\AT)'uXÛMï LATEX©Ä

£"3ùÙp§·òÖ¿ÙÜ©§¦\U)¤¢S©"

2.1 ©Úó(

By Hanspeter Schmid <[email protected]>

Ö©Ì £,yDAAC1©zØ¤§ÖöD4*:!&E½

ö£"XJù*:éÐ/|å5§@oÖö¬Ð/n)"

§XJü/ªNSNÜ6ÚÂ(§ÖöÒUwU©Ù

ù«óä"

LATEXØÓuÙ§üXÚ?3u§\7Lw§©Ü6ÚÂ

(",§âa©Ú«º©¥½/5K0)¤Aª

©"

LATEX©ü£<Mâþ¤ ãá (paragraph)"·¡ã

á/©ü0§Ïãá´ëYg½ö*:3üþN"3e

!p§\òÆ¬3 è¥XÛ¦^ \\5r½1§XÛ¦^15©ã"

Ïd§m©L#g§ÒAT,åã§ÄK1Ò"XJÃ

û½´Ä©ã§e\©i´*:Úg1N"XJ©ã§

5gE3UY§ÒAT©ã"XJk13Óãápã#

g§@oAT©ã"

Ü©<$T©ã5"Nõ<$Ø©ãL«

o§½ö§AO´3 LATEXp©ã%¶,Ø"ØAON

ú)3©¥¦^úª¹"*e¡~f¿n)okúª

cÑ¦^1£©ã¤§ kØù"£XJ\ØUÝºp¡¤^·

-±uÃn)ù~f§3ÖùÙÚeÙ2Öù!"¤

% Example 1

1I#áÉ Øù¤§Ègthe Swiss German UVA (Um’s Verrecken Anders).


16 ©ü

\ldots when Einstein introduced his formula

\beginequation

e = m \cdot c^2 \; ,

\endequation

which is at the same time the most widely known

and the least well understood physical formula.

% Example 2

\ldots from which follows Kirchhoff’s current law:

\beginequation

\sum_k=1^n I_k = 0 \; .

\endequation

Kirchhoff’s voltage law can be derived \ldots

% Example 3

\ldots which has several advantages.

\beginequation

I_D = I_F - I_R

\endequation

is the core of a very different transistor model. \ldots

,©ü´éf"3=©©¥§(åéfé:¡

' Ñcé:¡"LATEXÁãä\I=§XJ

LATEXä§\7Lw§\Io"ùò¬3eÙp!"

©($)éf¤°"Ü©óI:5K~E,§

3Nõó£)©Ú=©¤¥§XJ\P4ÏÒ¿gµ36¥

á6Êî§@oA¤kÏÒÑØ¬^"XJ\Ø(½3o/A

T¦^ÏÒ§(/KÖéf¿3zÏÒ?Fí"3áOÛ/

íØÏÒ§ 3IFí£½öIá6Êî¤/\ÏÒ"

§ÏL¹ãáÙ!!Úf!§ãáAT3pgk

Ü6/|å5", §¦^ÃX \sectionThe Structure of Text and

LanguageüJ§ Xd²w±uXÛ¦^ùpg(´Ø

ó "

2.2 ä1Ú© 17

2.2 ä1Ú©

2.2.1 éàãá

Ï~Ö7´^15ü"`zãáSN§LATEX

3ücm\7ä1: (line break)Úm"XJ1ücüØ

e§LATEX¬?17äc"ãáXÛü6u©aO"Ï~§z

ã11k ?§3üãmvkm"õSNë1

6.3.2!"

3AÏ/e§k7·- LATEXä1

\\ or \newline

,å1§ Ø,åã"

\\*

3rä1§B©"

\newpage

,å"

\linebreak[n], \nolinebreak[n], \pagebreak[n], \nopagebreak[n]

þã·-J±l§¶¡wÑ5"ÏLÀëþ n§ö±K

ù·-J"n± 0Ú 4mê"XJ·-Jwå5

~§r n u 4ê§±4 LATEX3üJØZÿÀJ

Ñù·-"Ørù “break” ·- “new”·-· "=¦\Ñ

“break”·-§LATEXE,Áãéà¡m>."XJ\ý,å1§Ò

¦Â·-"ßßTó·-

LATEXo´¦U)Ðä1J"XJä1Ã LATEXp

IO§Ò4ù13ãámýÄÑ",3?n ©Ó§wÄÑ

E (“overfull hbox”)"ùkUu)3 LATEXéØÜ·/äc

ÿ2"\±¦^ \sloppy·-§w LATEXü$:IO"§ÏL

O\ücmm§±ÑyL1§,ªÑÑ(JØ´`

"3ù«¹eÑ´w (“underfull hbox”)"3õê¹e(

Jwå5Ø¬~Ð"\fussy·-r LATEX¡E"G"2u) (Overfull hbox)§, LATEXÑ´w¿w«ÄÑ@1§´ØNúyÄÑ

1"XJ\3 \documentclass ·-¥¦^À draft§LATEXÒ3ÄÑ1m>I±oç"

18 ©ü

2.2.2 äc

7 LATEXÒ¬äc"XJäcØU(½(äc:§±¦

^Xe·-wTEXXÛÖù"Ã"

·-

\hyphenationword list

¦uëþ¥üc=35k “-”:äc"·-ëþ=d~i

1¤üc§½d LATEXÀ~i1ÎÒ|¤"äc·-Ñy§

â3¦^ó§äcJ«Ò®²ÐÀ"ù¿XXJ\

3©ó¥äc·-§§òK=©äc"XJäc·-u

\begindocument¡§ \¦âq babelISó|±÷§@

oäcJ«3d babel-¹ó¥Ò?u¹ÄG"

e¡~f#Né “hyphenation”Ú “Hyphenation”?1äc§%

Ø#N “FORTRAN”, “Fortran”Ú “fortran”?1äc"3ëþ¥Ø#NÑ

yAÏiÎÚÎÒ"

~fµ

\hyphenationFORTRAN Hy-phen-a-tion

·- \-3üc¥\gÌäc:"§Ò¤ùüc¥#N

Ñyäc:"éu¹AÏiÎ£~Xµ5ÑiÎ¤üc§ù·

-ÁOk^§Ïéu¦§LATEXØ¬gÄäc3"

I think this is: su\-per\-cal\-%

i\-frag\-i\-lis\-tic\-ex\-pi\-%

al\-i\-do\-cious

I think this is: supercalifragilisticexpialido-

cious

·-

\mboxtext

yrAücü3Ó1þ"3?Û¹e§ù·-r§ëþü3

å"

My phone number will change soon.

It will be \mbox0116 291 2319.

The parameter

\mbox\emphfilename should

contain the name of the file.

My phone number will change soon. It will

be 0116 291 2319.

The parameter filename should contain the

name of the file.

3Ø\3¦^#DCiN (DC font)"

2.3 SiÎG 19

·- \fboxÚ \mboxaq§d§U7SNxµ"

2.3 SiÎG

3c¡~f¥§\®²w^5üAÏ©iÎG~ü

LATEX·-"

·- ~f £ã

\today September 28, 2007 8FFÏ

\TeX TEX \UOüóä

\LaTeX LATEX iZ¶8

\LaTeXe LATEX 2ε y3z

2.4 AÏiÎÚÎÒ

2.4.1 ÚÒ

\Ø3iÅþ@§r "^ÚÒ (quotation marks)"3<M¥

k;ÚÒÚmÚÒ"3LATEX¥§ ü `£Ñ¤)ÚÒ§ ü

'£áÚÒ¤)mÚÒ" ‘Ú ’)üÚÒ"

‘‘Please press the ‘x’ key.’’ “Please press the ‘x’ key.”

,·ù«¢yÅØń§ÃØiNXÛ§§o´

Ò½öÑÎ (`)ÚÒ§áÚÒ (')mÚÒ"

2.4.2 »òÒÚëiÒ

LATEX¥ko«áy (dash)I:ÎÒ"ëY^ØÓê8áy§±

Ù¥n«"1o¢SØÍ:ÎÒ§§´êÆ¥~Òµ

daughter-in-law, X-rated\\

pages 13--67\\

yes---or no? \\

$0$, $1$ and $-1$

daughter-in-law, X-rated

pages 13–67

yes—or no?

0, 1 and −1

ùáy¶¡´: ‘-’ëiÒ (hyphen)§‘–’á»òÒ (en-dash)§‘—’

»òÒ (em-dash)Ú ‘−’~Ò (minus sign)"

20 ©ü

2.4.3 ÅLÒ (∼)

ÅLÒ²~Ú^3å"§3 LATEX ¥§^ \~ )§Ù(

Jµ %Ø´\ý"Áeùµ

http://www.rich.edu/\~bush \\

http://www.clever.edu/$\sim$demo

http://www.rich.edu/˜bush

http://www.clever.edu/∼demo

2.4.4 ÝÎÒ ()

e¡~fü«3 LATEX¥XÛüÝÎÒ (degree symbol)µ

It’s $-30\,^\circ\mathrmC$.

I will soon start to

super-conduct.

It’s −30 C. I will soon start to super-

conduct.

textcomp÷pk,ÝÎÒ \textcelsius"

2.4.5 îÎÒ(e)

y3>k'À1©Ù§Ï~IîÎÒ"ykNõiNÑ¹

§"3\ó«1\ textcomp÷§

\usepackagetextcomp

\Ò±¦^·-

\texteuro

5)¤îÎÒ"

XJ\iNØJø½ö\ØU§ÑîÎÒ§küÀJµ

Äk´ eurosym÷"§Jø(îÎÒµ

\usepackage[official]eurosym

XJ\F"¤îNîÎÒ§¦^À gen O

official"

marvosym÷JøéõÎÒ§)¶ \EURtmîÎÒ"

§":´vkJøîÎÒ slantedÚ boldC/"

2.4 AÏiÎÚÎÒ 21

L 2.1: îÎÒóä"

LM+textcomp \texteuro € € €

eurosym \euro e e e[gen]eurosym \euro AC AC ACmarvosym \EURtm e e e

2.4.6 ÑÒ (. . . )

3iÅþ§ÏÒ (comma)½éÒ (period)ÓâmÚÙ¦i1

"3Ö7<M¥§ùiÎ=Óâ:m§¿ci1b

~;"¤±ØU\n:5ÑÑ-ÑÒ. (ellipsis)§Ïmy©

Øé"k;·-ÑÑÑÒ"§¡

\ldots

Not like this ... but like this:\\

New York, Tokyo, Budapest, \ldots

Not like this ... but like this:

New York, Tokyo, Budapest, . . .

2.4.7 ëi

i1|ÜØ´ü\i1§ ¢Sþ^

AÏÎÒ"

JAff fi fl ffi. . . Ø´ ff fi fl ffi . . .

ùÒ´¤¢ëi (ligature)§3üi1m\ \mbox§±B

ëi"éudüc¤üc§ùU´7"

Not shelfful\\

but shelf\mboxful

Not shelfful

but shelfful

2.4.8 5ÑÎÒÚAÏiÎ

LATEX |±5gNõó¥5ÑÎÒ (accent)ÚAÏiÎ (special

character)"L 2.2Òi1 oÑ¤k5ÑÎÒ"éuÙ¦i1g,k

22 ©ü

"

3i1 iÚ jþI5ÑÎÒ§§:7LK"ùd \iÚ

\j"

H\ôtel, na\"\i ve, \’el\‘eve,\\

sm\o rrebr\o d, !‘Se\~norita!,\\

Sch\"onbrunner Schlo\ss

Stra\ss e

Hôtel, naïve, élève,

smørrebrød, ¡Señorita!,

Schönbrunner Schloß Straße

L 2.2: 5ÑÎÒÚAÏiÎ"

ò \‘o ó \’o ô \ô õ \~o

o \=o o \.o ö \"o ç \c c

o \u o o \v o ő \H o o \c o

o. \d o o¯

\b o oo \t oo

œ \oe Œ \OE æ \ae Æ \AE

å \aa Å \AA

ø \o Ø \O ł \l Ł \L

ı \i \j ¡ !‘ ¿ ?‘

2.5 ISó|±

XJ\I^=©±© (language)Ö©§LATEXkü/

7LÐµ

1. ¤kgÄ)¤iÎG47L·û#ó"éuNõ«ó§ù?

Öd Johannes Braams?÷ babel¤"

2. éu«#ó§LATEX I§äc5K"òäc5KÑ\

LATEXkJÝ"ù´`ØÓäcªïª©´1Ï"é

d Local Guide [5]õ&E"

3. A½óü5K"'X¥§zkÒ (:)c¡7L3Ñ½

x"

48¹!ã/ü!,,

2.5 ISó|± 23

XJ\XÚ®²Ð§\±ÏL3·- \documentclassV

\·-

\usepackage[language]babel

5-¹÷ babel"®²\ LATEXXÚ|±óL¬3zg?È

ÿw«"éuÀ½ó§÷ babelògÄ-¹·äc5K"XJ

LATEXª©Ø|±3¤ÀJó¥äc§ØäcõU§÷

babelEå^§,ùéuüJkéK¡K"

éuéõ«ó§÷ babelJø;#·-5zAÏiÎÑ

\"~X© (German)¹éõÑCÑ£äöü¤"|^babel§\U^ "o

Ø´ \"o5Ñ\ ö"

XJ babel½õ«ó

\usepackage[languageA,languageB]babel

À¥«ó¬-¹£= languageB¤"\±¦^

\selectlanguagelanguageA

5UC-¹ó"

õêyOÅXÚ#NlÑ\,Ii1"?n

þØÓX±9/½öOÅ²¦^Ñ\?è§LATEX¦^ inputenc

÷µ

\usepackage[encoding]inputenc

¦^ù÷§ATÄÙ¦<UÏ¦^ØÓ?è§3ÙO

Åþ½NØUw«\ ©"~X§ÑCÑä?è 132§3

¦^ ISO-LATIN 1 UnixXÚþ§§?èÒ¤ 228¶´Windows

þ Cyrillic?è cp1251p%vkùi1"¤±A%¦^ùõ

U"â\¦^XÚa.§e?èU¬þ^|5"

5õÄu Latin ½ö Cyrillic ó|±Ñ\?è§©OÖ inputenc.dtx Ú

cyinpenc.dtx ©"1 4.6!ùXÛ)¤÷©"

24 ©ü

Operating encodings

system western Latin Cyrillic

Mac applemac macukr

Unix latin1 koi8-ru

Windows ansinew cp1251

DOS, OS/2 cp850 cp866nav

XJ\k°õó©§Ù¥?è¬kÀâ"ù±¦^ ucs÷

5ÀJ unicode"

\usepackageucs

\usepackage[utf8x]inputenc

¬4\Mï LATEX©¦^ utf8x§§´«õi!?è§Ù¥zi

ÎIi!§õ 4i!"

iN?è´,¯K"§½Âu«TEX-iNpzi1

"A«ØÓÑ\?è±N«iN?è§ù~¤I

iN8êþ"iN?èÏL fontenc÷5?nµ

\usepackage[encoding]fontenc

Ù¥ encodingíN?è§±Ó1\A«?è"

%@ LATEXiN?è´ OT1§Computer Modern TEXiNk?

è"§¹ 7-bit ASCIIiÎ8 128iÎ"I5ÑiÎÿ§TEX

r~iÎNþÑÎ5Mï§"XJÑÑ(Jwþ§ù«

Ø¬ék5ÑiÎücäc",§ù«ØUMï.¶i1§

é.¶i1Ê#Ð§'XGreekÚ Cyrillic"

Ñù":, 8-bitaq CMiN8EÑ5"T1?

è Extended Cork (EC)iN±.¶XÄ:§¹|±Ü©î³

ói1ÚI:ÎÒ"LHiN8¹üd.ÅX©7Ii

1"Ïd.Åi1i/õ§§©¤o«iN?è—T2A, T2B, T2C,

±9 X26"F1© LGR?èiN3 CBiN8p"

kùiN|±§\±é=©©U?½öA^äc"¦^ù

#aqCMiNkÐ?§§JøCMixp«§/

G±9'~ iN"

6ù?è¤|±óL±3 [11]"

2.5 ISó|± 25

L 2.3: Ä:ß©¤Ió«"

\usepackage[portuguese]babel

\usepackage[latin1]inputenc

\usepackage[T1]fontenc

2.5.1 Ä:ß©|±

By Demerson Andre Polli <[email protected]>

éÄ:ß© (Portuguese)©A^äc9«gÄ©§¦^·-µ

\usepackage[portuguese]babel

½öXJ\3nÜ§O¤ brazilian"

uÄ:ß©¥kNõÑ§\U^


5(Ñ\§§¿^


5(äc.

¦^Ä:ß©©ó«ëL 2.3"5¿·¦^´ latin1

Ñ\?è§¤±3Mac½ö DOSþ¬Øå^"g1ÀJÜ·?è"

2.5.2 ©|±

By Daniel Flipo <[email protected]>

¦^ LATEXMï© (French)©J«µ\±ÏL±e·-1\

©|±µ

\usepackage[frenchb]babel

5¿§du¤Ï§babel©À½ö´ frenchb½ö´ fran-

cais§ Ø´ french"

ìd§\Ò±¦^©äc",¤kgÄ©Ñ¤

©µ\chapter<¤ Chapitre, \today <¤p8U"Ók

X#·-§±4\N´Ñ\©"ëL 2.45¼(a"



26 ©ü

L 2.4: ©;^·-"

\og guillemets \fg « guillemets »

M\upme, D\upr Mme, Dr

1\ier, 1\iere, 1\ieres 1er, 1re, 1res

2\ieme 4\iemes 2e 4es

\No 1, \no 2 No 1, no 2

20~\degres C, 45\degres 20 °C, 45°

\bscM. Durand M. Durand

\nombre1234,56789 1 234,567 89

\¬5¿§©ÿ§L¡UC"õ'u babel

frenchbÀõU±9XÛ½SN§é frenchb.dtx$1 LATEX

¿Ö)¤ frenchb.dvi"

2.5.3 ©|±

¦^ LATEXMï© (German)©J«µ\±ÏL±e·-

51\©|±µ

\usepackage[german]babel

ìd§\Ò±¦^©äc",¤kgÄ©Ñ¤

©µ~X “Chapter”<¤ “Kapitel”"ÓkX#·-§±4\

×Ñ\©§=¦\vk¦^ inputenc÷"ëL 2.55¼(

a"¦^ inputenc÷§¤kùÑØ§,\©£½

3AÏ?è.p"

3©Ö7p§\¬²~uy©ÚÒ («guillemets»)", ©

iÅpkØÓ¦^"©Ö7¥ÚÒwå5´»this«"3a¬

ùÜ©§iÅ¦^ «guillemets»§ù©"

¦âq \flq·-Ì¯K´µXJ\ÔT1iN£ù´%

@iN¤§guillemets wå5ÒêÆÎÒ “”§ù-üö",

¡§T1?èiN(¢¹k¤IÎÒ"¤±§\¦^ù«ÚÒÿ§

(3^ T1?è"(\usepackage[T1]fontenc)

2.5 ISó|± 27

L 2.5: ©;îÎ"

"a ä "s ß

"‘ „ "’ “

"< or \flqq « "> or \frqq »

\flq ‹ \frq ›

\dq "

2.5.4 m©|±7

¦^ LATEXüm© (Korean)§·I)ûn¯Kµ

1. ·U?6m© © (Korean input files)"m© ©

7L´ÊÏ©ª (plain -text format)§dum©¦î

Î8»Éu US-ASCII-8§3 ASCII ?6ìpwå5¬

%É"ü2¦^m©©©?è´ EUC-KR±9

MS-Windowsp§þoN*Ð§CP949/Windows-949/UHC"3ù

?èp§z US-ASCIIiÎL~ ASCIIiÎ§ùÙ¦

oN ASCII?è'X ISO-8859-x§EUC-JP§Big5§½ö Shift_JIS

q",¡§lKS X 1001iÎ?èÑm©!Çi!

m©i1!²b¶!¡b¶!F1©Úd.ÅiÎ±9Ù¦ÎÒÚi1

Ñ^üë0l i!5L«"1«k§k 8" 1990

c¥Ï§3m©öXÚþm©oN¸´¤

¤å¯"\±èAekL http://jshin.net/faq±

+½@´XÛ3m©öXÚþ¦^m©"y3§n«Ì

öXÚ (Mac OS, Unix, Windows)ÑäÐõó|

±ÚISzA§¤±3m©²þ?6m©©®²Ø2´

¯K"

2. TEXÚ LATEXÐ|±ØL 256iÎ"3Ù¦kþiÎ

©~Xm©½Ç©¥4§ó8 §mu«fiNÅ"

7Äm© LATEX^rI?nþ¯K§Karnes KIML¸I lshort Èìè>ù

!§¿d SHIN JungshikÈ=©§Tobi Oetikerz"8m©´«d 14Ä9ÑÚ 10 ÄÑ¤i1ÖXÚ"ØÓu.¶½öd.Å

©i§ziÎÑü?Ç©iÎØõqÝ/p"zqL«Ñ!"ùÒ^k

ÑÚ9Ñ¤ÃõÑ!"ým©©IO£H!m¤Ñéùq¤kî

"Ïdkk©(Ñ!3"m©iÎ?èzÑ!½è (KS X

http://jshin.net/faq

28 ©ü

kAZ½öA«iNÓ+ (glyph) CJKüi©¤|fi

N8§z8Üp¹ 256iNÓ+"ém© ó§kn2¦

^÷µUN KoaunghimuHLATEX§CHA Jaechoon hLATEXp±

9Werner Lemberg CJK÷ (CJK package)9"HLATEXÚ hLATEXp

;m©O¿3iN|±|±m©/z£Korean

localization¤"éu EUC-KR ?è ©§§Ñ±(?

n"3¦^ Λ Ú Ω ÿ§HLATEX±?n± CP949/Windows-

949/UHC Ú UTF-8?è ©"

CJK ÷Øm©Jø|±"§±?n± UTF-8 ±9é

õ CJK?è) EUC-KRÚ CP949/Windows-949/UHC ©"

§|±õ«óSN©ü§AO´Ç©§F©Úm©"

HLATEX'§CJK÷ØJøm©/z m©iNØX

HLATEXõ"

3. ¦^X TEXÚ LATEXüóäª8´ /Æ0þ-<÷¿

ªü©"±`§ü¥´ÒiN"HLATEX

u1¹ 10x (family) UHC PostScriptiNÚ 5x (family)©z

Ü£Munhwabu10¤iN£TrueType¤"CJK÷¦îN´HLATEX

@p§§|±Bitstream’s cyberbit TrueTypeiN"

¦^ HLATEX÷5Ñ\m©§Ir

\usepackagehangul

\ó«="

ù·-mm©/z|±"Ù!!!f!!8¹ÚãL8¹Ñ

¬=¤Am©§ ¦^m©S.5ªz©"ù÷

JøgÄ/JcÀJ0õU"3m©p§kþùaþd

´/ªØÓMJc§=c||Ü´(6uc¡Ñ!´±

Ñ´±9Ñ("£¢S¹'ùE,§þã£ãv\

<¤±m©1<ÀJ·ÜJcÎÃ¯K§´©

1001:1998 and KS X 1002:1992)"¤±©,´«i1©§?nå5%Ç©ÚF©ùkA

L¿iÎÖXÚØõ"ISO 10646/UnicodeJøym©ü«L«§«´éë

©i1?è£i1Lµhttp://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1100.pdf¤§,«é¤k©5

ymÑ!?è (http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UAC00.pdf)"¦^ LATEX 9Ù'ü

XÚ?nm©k-<;]Ô§Ò´é¥m©—U¬¤5m©—Ñ!|

±§y3U^ Unicodeéëi1?è5)û"F"5TEXÚX ΩÚ Λ¬ªJø)û

Y§¦móÚ¤Æö¿mMS Word§,§®²é¥m©kûÐ|±"9ù±3 language/korean/HLaTeX/

language/korean/CJK/ and http://knot.kaist.ac.kr/htex/ "10Hm©zÜ"

http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1100.pdf

http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UAC00.pdf

2.5 ISó|± 29

?6¥UCë©z±9Ù¦gÄ©ÒéJ(½"zg\Oí

ë©z½öUC©SN^S§ÃóÜ·JcÑ´"£

ó"HLATEX^rÒ±lù«< N´Ñó¥)Ñ5"

XJ\ØIm©/z§´üm©i§±r

ó«·-¤µ

\usepackagehfont

õ¦^ HLATEX üm©&E§ë HLATEX Guide"èA

Korean TEX User Group (KTUG) http://www.ktug.or.kr/"@p

k°ÃþmÈ"

2.5.5 ^F1©

By Nikolaos Pothitos <[email protected]>

¦^F1© (Greek)¤IóSNëL 2.6"§±¢yF1©

äcÚgÄ©11"

L 2.6: F1©©¤Ió«"

\usepackage[english,greek]babel

\usepackage[iso-8859-7]inputenc

|#·-±4\N´/Ñ\F1©"6=©½

ö§\±¦^·- \textlatinenglish text±9 \textgreekgreek

text§§Ñkëþ§±¦^¤¦iN?èü"½ö\

±¦^c¡Ù!`L·- \selectlanguage..."L 2.7ÑF

1©I:ÎÒ"éuîÎÒ§¦^ \euro"

L 2.7: F1©AÏiÎ"

; · ? ;

(( « )) »

‘‘ ‘ ’’ ’

11XJé inputenc÷¦^ utf8xÀ§\±üF1©Úõ(NF1© unicodeiÎ"

http://www.ktug.or.kr/


30 ©ü

2.5.6 d.Å©|±

By Maksym Polyakov <[email protected]>

3.7h babel÷¹é T2*?è±9¦^d.Åi1ü

\|æ©§©Ú¿=©|±"

d.Å©|±6u LATEXXÚk fontencÚ inputenc÷"´

XJ\3êÆªe¦^d.Å©§Ò7L3 inputencc\1mathtext

÷12:

\usepackagemathtext

\usepackage[T1,T2A]fontenc

\usepackage[koi8-ru]inputenc

\usepackage[english,bulgarian,russian,ukranian]babel

¹e§babel¬gÄÀJ%@iN?è§éuþ¡n«©§

AT´ T2A", §©Ø¬¦^«iN?è"éuk.¶XÚ

d.ÅXõ©©§AT²(¹.¶©iN?è"3©¥§

ÀJ,«©ÿ§babel¬Ü·iN?è"

ØUäc, ÈgÄ©iÎG§±9-¹©;^ü5

K£'X \frenchspacing¤§babelJø·-±Uì\|æ©§

©§½ö¿=©IOü"

ùn«ó;Î:ÎÒJøµd.Å©»òÒ£§'.

¶©»òÒÑÄ§±kx¤!Ú^»òÒ!ÚÒ!±

9Bäc·-§ëL 2.8"

babel RussianÚ UkrainianÀ½Â·- \Asbuk Ú \asbuk§a

qu \AlphÚ \alph§´)©Ú¿=©Úi1£ÃØ©

¹Äó´=¤"babelBulgarianÀJø·- \enumBulÚ

\enumLat£\enumEng¤§§±4 \AlphÚ \alph)\|æ©½ö

.¶£=©¤i1§%@\|æ©"

2.6 ücm

¦ÑÑm>.éà§LATEX3ücm\Øm"3éf

"\mõ§Ïù¦©äÖ5"LATEXb½éf±

éÒ! Ò½¯'Ò("XJéÒ;i1§§ÒØÀéf

("Ï3k /§âÑyéÒ;i1¹"

12XJ¦ÂMS-LATEX÷§Ar§3 fontencÚ babelc\1"


2.7 IK!ÙÚ! 31

L 2.8: babel Bulgarian!RussianÚ UkrainianÀ½Â""| c ëi"

"- ²(äcÎÒ§#N3ücÙ¦ äc"

"--- ÊÏd.Å©¥»òÒ"

"--~ Ü¤6¶£6¤¥^»òÒ"

"--* L«Úd.Å©»òÒ"

"" aqu "-§´Ø)ëiÒ£ûÜ¤c¥§'X x-""y½ö½

öÙ¦ "enable/disable"ÎÒ¤"

"~ vkäm:Ü¤cIP"

"= äm:Ü¤cIP§#N3¤ücpäc"

", áx§ uäm:6Äi1"

"‘ û©pVÚÒ£wå5 ,,¤"

"’ û©pmVÚÒ£wå5 “¤"

"< û©VÚÒ£wå5<<¤"

"> û©mVÚÒ£wå5>>¤"

ö7L[`²ùb¥?Û~"cÎÒ

)ØU"ÅLiÎ ‘~’)ØU§¿

Bä1"éÒc·- \@`²ùéÒ´éf"§=¦§;

i1"

Mr.~Smith was happy to see her\\

cf.~Fig.~5\\

I like BASIC\@. What about you?

Mr. Smith was happy to see her

cf. Fig. 5

I like BASIC. What about you?

·-

\frenchspacing

UB3éÒ\x§§w LATEX3éÒØ\'~

i1õx"Øë©z§ù3=ó¥~ÊH"XJ¦^

\frenchspacing§·- \@ÒØ7"

2.7 IK!ÙÚ!

BuÖön)§ATr©y©Ù§!Úf!"LATEX^;·

32 ©ü

-|±ùó§ù·-r!IKëþ"\?ÖÚ(gS¦

^§"é articleº©§ke©!·-µ

\section...

\subsection...

\subsubsection...

\paragraph...

\subparagraph...

XJr©©¤AÜ© ØKÙ!?Ò§\±¦^

\part...

\¦^ report½ö bookaÿ§±^,pg©

!·-

\chapter...

Ï articlea©Øy©Ù§¤±éN´r§Ù\Ö

7¥"!mm§!SÒÚIKiÒdLATEXgÄ"

©!ü·-kAÏ5µ

• ·- \partØKÙSÒ"

• ·- \appendixØëþ§rÙSÒUî1IP13"

LATEX 3©?ÈÌ¥§J!IKÚè±)¤8

¹"·-

\tableofcontents

3ÙÑy \8¹"(8¹ (table of contents)SN§

#©7L?È (“LATEXed”) üg"k?È1ng"Xk7

LATEX¬w\"

þ¡Ñ©!·-±/(0/ªÑy"/(0·-ÏL3·

-¶¡\ *5¢y"§)¤!IKQØÑyu8¹§ØSÒ"~

X§·- \sectionHelp/(0/ª \section*Help"

8¹ÑyIK§Ñ\©"kù´ØU§Ï

IKüØ?8¹"3ù«¹e§8¹^8d¢SIKcÀ

ëþ(½"

13é articlea©UC!SÒ"

2.8 Ú^ 33

\chapter[Title for the table of contents]A long

and especially boring title, shown in the text

©IK (title)d·-

\maketitle

)"IKSN7L3N^ \maketitle±c§d·-

\title..., \author... ÚÀ\date...

½Â"3·- \authorëþ¥§±Ñ\A^ \and·-©m¶i"

31 7ã 1.2¥§Uék'þã·-~f"

Øþ¡)º©!·-§LATEX 2ε Ú?Ù¦n·-û bookº

©"§éy©ÑÔk^§UXUCÙIKÚèµ

\frontmatter AX·- \begindocument¦^"§rèÛê

êi"éu©cSNÊH¦^(·-£~X§\chapter*Preface¤§

± LATEXé§üS"

\mainmatter AÑy3Ö1Ù;c¡"§mC.ËêièOê

ì§¿éèl#Oê"

\appendix IÖ¥N¹ám©"T·-ÙSÒUî1IP"

\backmatter AT\Ö¥Ü©SN;c¡§Xë©zÚ¢

Ú"3IO©a.¥§§é¡vkoJ"

2.8 Ú^

3Ö7!wÚØ©¥§Iéã!LÚ©AÏãá?1Ú^

(cross-references)"LATEXJøXeÚ^·-

\labelmarker, \refmarker and \pagerefmarker

Ù¥ marker ´¦^öÀJI£Î"XJ3!!f!!ã!L½½n¡

Ñ\ \label·-§LATEXr \refOASÒ"\pageref·-ü<

\labelÑ\?è"14 ÚÙ!IK§¦^SÒć¡?È¤)"

145¿ù·-é§o¿vk¿£"·- \label´þggÄ)SÒ"

34 ©ü

A reference to this subsection

\labelsec:this looks like:

‘‘see section~\refsec:this on

page~\pagerefsec:this.’’

A reference to this subsection looks like:

“see section 2.8 on page 34.”

2.9 5

·-

\footnotefootnote text

r5SNü<uc "5·-oú (put) 15Ù

üc½éf¡"5´éf½éfÜ©§¤±A^ÏÒ½éÒ

(16"

Footnotes\footnoteThis is

a footnote. are often used

by people using \LaTeX.

Footnotesa are often used by people using

LATEX.

aThis is a footnote.

2.10 rN

XJ©´îÅ\§ ey5rNüc"

\underlinetext

´3<MÖ¥§ «NiNü<rNüc"LATEXJø·

-

\emphtext

5rN©"ù·-éÙëþ¢S^J6u§þe©µ

15“put”´~¦^=©üc"165¿§5rÖö5¿ål©©Úm"·´ÐÛÄÔ§z<Ñ¬Ö5"¤±

oØr\`¤kÀÜÑ\©¥º17

17 ÍØ7r§/ :-).

2.11 ¸ 35

\emphIf you use

emphasizing inside a piece

of emphasized text, then

\LaTeX uses the

\emphnormal font for

emphasizing.

If you use emphasizing inside a piece of em-

phasized text, then LATEX uses the normal

font for emphasizing.

5¿¦ LATEXrNoÚ¦§¦^ØÓiNØÓJ:

\textitYou can also

\emphemphasize text if

it is set in italics,

\textsfin a

\emphsans-serif font,

\textttor in

\emphtypewriter style.

You can also emphasize text if it is set

in italics, in a sans-serif font, or in

typewriter style.

2.11 ¸

ü;^©§LATEX ½Â«ØÓª¸ (environ-

ment)µ

\beginenvironment text \endenvironment

Ù¥ environment ´¸¶¡"±N^^S§¸±i@"

\beginaaa...\beginbbb...\endbbb...\endaaa

e¡Ù!é¤k¸Ñ)º"

2.11.1 Itemize!EnumerateÚ Description

itemize ¸ûüL§enumerate ¸ûSÒ

L§description¸û£ãL"

36 ©ü

\flushleft

\beginenumerate

\item You can mix the list

environments to your taste:

\beginitemize

\item But it might start to

look silly.

\item[-] With a dash.

\enditemize

\item Therefore remember:

\begindescription

\item[Stupid] things will not

become smart because they are

in a list.

\item[Smart] things, though,

can be presented beautifully

in a list.

\enddescription

\endenumerate

1. You can mix the list environments

to your taste:

• But it might start to look silly.

- With a dash.

2. Therefore remember:

Stupid things will not become

smart because they are in a

list.

Smart things, though, can be

presented beautifully in a list.

2.11.2 éà!méàÚØ¥

flushleftÚ flushright¸©O)éà (left-aligned)Úméà

(right-aligned)ãá"center¸)Ø¥©"XJ\ØÑ\·- \\

½ä1:§LATEXòg1û½"

\beginflushleft

This text is\\ left-aligned.

\LaTeX is not trying to make

each line the same length.

\endflushleft

This text is

left-aligned. LATEX is not trying to make


\beginflushright

This text is right-\\aligned.

\LaTeX is not trying to make


\endflushright

This text is right-

aligned. LATEX is not trying to make each

line the same length.

\begincenter

At the centre\\of the earth

\endcenter

At the centre

of the earth

2.11 ¸ 37

2.11.3 Ú^!¹Ú(©

quote¸±ûÚ©!¤Ú~f"

A typographical rule of thumb

for the line length is:

\beginquote

On average, no line should

be longer than 66 characters.

\endquote

This is why \LaTeX pages have

such large borders by default

and also why multicolumn print

is used in newspapers.

A typographical rule of thumb for the line

length is:

On average, no line should be

longer than 66 characters.

This is why LATEX pages have such large

borders by default and also why multicol-

umn print is used in newspapers.

küaq¸µquotationÚ verse¸"quotation¸û

LAãÚ^§Ï§éãá?1 ?"verse¸ûy§3y

¥ä1é"31"^ \\ä1§3zã31"

I know only one English poem by

heart. It is about Humpty Dumpty.

\beginflushleft

\beginverse

Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall:\\

Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.\\

All the King’s horses and all

the King’s men\\

Couldn’t put Humpty together

again.

\endverse

\endflushleft

I know only one English poem by heart. It

is about Humpty Dumpty.

Humpty Dumpty sat on a

wall:

Humpty Dumpty had a great

fall.

All the King’s horses and all

the King’s men

Couldn’t put Humpty

together again.

2.11.4 Á

ÆÑÔ.~±Ám©§5Öönã½öýÏ"LATEXd

Jø abstract¸" abstractû articlea©"

\beginabstract

The abstract abstract.

\endabstract

The abstract abstract.

38 ©ü

2.11.5 ©<

u \beginverbatimÚ \endverbatimm©ò<§

)¤kä1Úx§Ò3iÅþ\§Ø1?Û LATEX ·

-"

3ãá¥§aqõUd

\verb+text+

¤"+=´©Î~f"Ø *½§±¦^?¿iÎ"ù

þf¥Nõ~f´^ù·-ü<"

The \verb|\ldots| command \ldots

\beginverbatim

10 PRINT "HELLO WORLD ";

20 GOTO 10

\endverbatim

The \ldots command . . .

10 PRINT "HELLO WORLD ";

20 GOTO 10

\beginverbatim*

the starred version of

the verbatim

environment emphasizes

the spaces in the text

\endverbatim*

the starred version of

the verbatim

environment emphasizes

the spaces in the text

(·- \verbU±aqª¦^µ

\verb*|like this :-) | like this :-)

verbatim¸Ú \verb·-ØU3Ù¦·-ëê¥¦^"

2.11.6 L

tabular¸U^5ükY²ÚRL¤L(table)"LATEX

gÄ(½z°Ý"

·-

\begintabular[pos]table spec

ëþ table spec ½ÂLª"^ l )éà§

r )méà§ c )Ø¥¶ pwidth )A°

Ý!¹gÄä1©¶| )RL"

2.11 ¸ 39

XJp©°§LATEXØ¬gÄò1w«"¦^ pwidth \

±½ÂXãápò1J"

ëþ pos½éu7©ÄLR "¦î1 t !b

Ú c 5½Lþ!e½öØ¥"

3 tabular¸¥§ &a\e§ \\m©#1§ \hline

\Y²L"^ \clinej-iV\Ü©L§Ù¥ jÚ i©OL«L

å©ÚªSÒ"

\begintabular|r|l|

\hline

7C0 & hexadecimal \\

3700 & octal \\ \cline2-2

11111000000 & binary \\

\hline \hline

1984 & decimal \\

\hline

\endtabular

7C0 hexadecimal

3700 octal

11111000000 binary

1984 decimal

\begintabular|p4.7cm|

\hline

Welcome to Boxy’s paragraph.

We sincerely hope you’ll

all enjoy the show.\\

\hline

\endtabular

Welcome to Boxy’s paragraph.

We sincerely hope you’ll all enjoy

the show.

L©Îd @...E"ù·-KLmm§

üs)Òm?ÛÑ\"^å3ue¡)º?êéà

¯K",UA^3u^ @Ø Lmàm"

\begintabular@ l @

\hline

no leading space\\

\hline

\endtabular

no leading space

\begintabularl

\hline

leading space left and right\\

\hline

\endtabular

leading space left and right

40 ©ü

duvkSï¦?êUê:éà18§·±¦^ü

/60ù8µêméà§êéà"\begintabular1

¥·- @.^ “.”m~m§l ÑUê:

éàJ"Ø#P^©Î (&)?êê:¦^·-

\multicolumn3ê/0þI\"

\begintabularc r @. l

Pi expression &

\multicolumn2cValue \\

\hline

$\pi$ & 3&1416 \\

$\pi^\pi$ & 36&46 \\

$(\pi^\pi)^\pi$ & 80662&7 \\

\endtabular

Pi expression Value

π 3.1416

ππ 36.46

(ππ)π 80662.7

\begintabular|c|c|

\hline

\multicolumn2|c|Ene \\

\hline

Mene & Muh! \\

\hline

\endtabular

Ene

Mene Muh!

^L¸ü<áo´3Óþ"XJü<L§

±we supertabularÚ longtabular¸"

2.12 2ÄN

8UõêÑÔ¹kNõã¡ÚL"duØUr§©3ØÓ

¡þ§¤±I;?n"XJã¡½L3c¡

üØe§)ûÒ´zg#m"ù3¡þ3eÜ©

x§Jwå5é"

éu3cüØe?Ûã¡½L§Ù)û´r§/2

Ä0e§dÓc¡^©©W¿"LATEXJøü2Ä

N (floating bodies)¸¶ûã¡§ûL"¿©uùü

¸`5§AT)LATEX?n2ÄNS3n"´2Ä

U¤-<ßÔÌÏ§ÏLATEXoØr2ÄN3\ "

Äkweø2Ä¦^ LATEX·-µ18XJXÚSC ‘tools’§we÷ dcolumn"

2.12 2ÄN 41

¹3 figure¸½ table¸¥?ÛáÑòÀ2ÄSN"

ü2Ä¸Ñ|±Àëê

\beginfigure[placement specifier] or \begintable[. . . |]|

¡ placement specifier§§d2ÄNëê¤iÎG|¤"

L 2.9"ùëêûw LATEX2ÄN±£ " placement

specifier dG2ÄNN (float-placing permissions)¤. ë

L 2.9.

L±dXe·-§~X

\begintable[!hbp]

m©§placement specifier [!hbp]#N LATEXrLÒc§½3,

.Ü (b)§½3;2Äþ (p)§îUì`²Î=

¦wå5ØÐ (!)"XJvk½`²Î§" [tbp]"

LATEXòUìöJø placement specifier§Sü§z2

ÄN"XJ2ÄN3cØUSü§Òr§M3ã¡½Lè

¥19"#m©ÿ§LATEXÄku´ÄU^è¥2

ÄNW¿;/2Ä0¡"XJùØU§Òéf3©¥Ñ

y2ÄN§?nè¥12ÄNµLATEXl#ÁUìÙ

A`²Î£ØØ2U ‘h’¤5?n§"©¥Ñy?Û

#2ÄNM3Aè¥"éuz«2ÄN§LATEX±§Ñ

y^S"ùÒ`²oØUSüã¡r¤k5ã¡Ñí

©"Ï"¤±µ19§ /k5kr0è

L 2.9: 2ÄNN"

Spec 2ÄNN ,,

h here 3©( þ§éu2ÄNék

^"

t 3¡ºÜ£top¤

b 3¡.Ü£bottom¤

p 3k2ÄN;¡£page¤þ"

! Ñ2ÄNõêSÜëêa"

5¿ ptÚ em´ TEXü . Ö1 115þL 6.5õk'õSN"a~Xþ¤#N2ÄNê8"

42 ©ü

XJ LATEXvk\Ï"@Sü2ÄN§@o²~´=k

2ÄN×lü¥,è"

=½ü placement specifiers´#N§ù¬Úå¯K"XJ3

½ SüØ§§Ò¬¤æN§×4Y2ÄN"ØüÕ¦^ë

ê [h]§3 LATEXC¥§§J±u [ht]gÄO"

,é2ÄN¯K®²`²§é tableÚ figure¸kSN

"¦^

\captioncaption text

·-§±2ÄN½ÂIK"SÒÚiÎG/ã0½/L0òd LATEX

gÄV\"

ü·-

\listoffigures and \listoftables

^å5Ú \tableofcontents·-aq§©Oüã/8¹ÚL8

¹"3ù8¹¥§¤kIKÑòE"XJ¦ÎK§Ò7LO

U?8¹§áIK"=3 \caption·-¡)ÒS

Ñ\áIK"

\caption[Short]LLLLLoooooonnnnnggggg

|^ \labelÚ \ref§3©¥±2ÄNMïÚ^"

e¡~fx/§¿ò§\©"XJ3¤©¥\

i\ã¡3m§\±|^ù~f"

Figure~\refwhite is an example of Pop-Art.

\beginfigure[!hbp]

\makebox[\textwidth]\framebox[5cm]\rule0pt5cm

\captionFive by Five in Centimetres.\labelwhite

\endfigure

3þ¡~f¥§rã¡Ò3c (h)20§LATEXÁé"£

(!)"XJùØU§§òÁãrã¡Sü3¡.Ü (b)"XJØUòã

¡Sü3c¡§§òû½´ÄUm2Ä¡±ùÜã¡½

5gLè¥L"XJvkvá5W¿;2

20bã¡è®"

2.13 oyf·- 43

Ä¡§LATEXÒm#§é©¥fÑyã¡§2g?n

ùã¡"

3¹e§UI¦^·-

\clearpage or even the \cleardoublepage

§·- LATEXá=è¥¤ke2ÄN§¿m#"·-

\cleardoublepage$¬·- LATEX#mÛê¡"

3Ö¡§ò0XÛ3 LATEX 2ε©¥\ PostScriptã/"

2.13 oyf·-

·-£X \caption½ \section¤ëþ©§U3©¥Ñy

õg£~X§3©8¹Ú©¥¤"ûaq \section ·-ëþ

§·-¬"§¡yf·- (fragile commands)"\footnote

½ \phantom ýf·-~f. ùyf·-I§ó"r

\protect·-3§c¡§ÒUo§"

\protect==o;Ùmý·-§ë§ëþØ¨9"3õ

ê/e§Lõ \protect¿ØN¯"

\sectionI am considerate

\protect\footnoteand protect my footnotes

1nÙ êÆúª

d§\®k¤+×§@o3ùÙp§4·5XÃuTEXr

?µêÆü"´§J2\´§Ù´fK"ééõ<

5`§ùp¤ùãSN®éÉ^§XJ\3ùpéØ\¤IêÆü

)ûY§Ø%"4kU3AMS-LATEX 1¥Uéé\

¯K,)ûY"

3.1 nã

LATEX¦^«Akª5üêÆúª (mathematics)"êÆúª

#N±1m/ªü3ãá¥§±±Õá/ªü§dãá

U¬ m"?uãSêÆ©3 m§$ $m§½ö

\beginmath \endmathm"

Add $a$ squared and $b$ squared

to get $c$ squared. Or, using

a more mathematical approach:

$c^2=a^2+b^2$

Add a squared and b squared to get c

squared. Or, using a more mathematical

approach: c2 = a2 + b2

\TeX is pronounced as

$\tau\epsilon\chi$.\\[6pt]

100~m$^3$ of water\\[6pt]

This comes from my

\beginmath\heartsuit\endmath

TEX is pronounced as τεχ.

100 m3 of water

This comes from my ♥

\F"rgCêÆ§½´úªüÕ3ãá

ÿ§@o\Ðw« (display) §§ Ø mdãá"

d§\±r§3 \[ \] m§½ö \begindisplaymath

\enddisplaymathm"

1IêÆÆ¬r LATEX*Ð"Ùéõ~fÑ¦^ù*Ð"¤kCTEX

u1¥ÑJøù*Ð"XJ\XÚ¥vk§±macros/latex/required/amslatex ééw"

46 êÆúª

Add $a$ squared and $b$ squared

to get $c$ squared. Or, using

a more mathematical approach:

\begindisplaymath

c^2=a^2+b^2

\enddisplaymath

or you can type less with:

\[a+b=c\]

Add a squared and b squared to get c

squared. Or, using a more mathematical

approach:

c2 = a2 + b2

or you can type less with:

a + b = c

XJ\F" LATEX\§?þÒ§\±¦^ equation¸",

\Ò±^ \label5§\þI\¿3©¥,?^ \ref ½

amsmath÷¥ \eqref·-5Ú^§"

\beginequation \labeleq:eps

\epsilon > 0

\endequation

From (\refeq:eps), we gather

\ldotsFrom \eqrefeq:eps we

do the same.

ε > 0 (3.1)

From (3.1), we gather . . . From (3.1) we do

the same.

5¿eúªüªØÓ§cö´1mª§ö´w«ªµ

$\lim_n \to \infty

\sum_k=1^n \frac1k^2

= \frac\pi^26$

limn→∞

∑n

k=1

1

k2 = π2

6

\begindisplaymath

\lim_n \to \infty

\sum_k=1^n \frac1k^2

= \frac\pi^26

\enddisplaymath

limn→∞

n∑

k=1

1

k2=

π2

6

êÆªÚ©ªÑØÓ?"~X§3êÆª¥µ

1. õêÚä1Ñvk?Û¿Â§ ¤ko´lA

êÆLª¥g,)¤§o´^;·-5½§X \,§

\quad½ \qquad"

2. x1´Ø#N"zúªUã"

3. zi1Ñ¬@Ćþ¶§¬Aüd«ª"

XJ\3úª¥üÊÏ©£áiNÚÊÏiå¤§@o\

7Lrù©3 \textrm...·-¥£ë1 551 3.7

!¤"

3.2 êÆª+| 47

\beginequation

\forall x \in \mathbfR:

\qquad x^2 \geq 0

\endequation

∀x ∈ R : x2 ≥ 0 (3.2)

\beginequation

x^2 \geq 0\qquad

\textrmfor all x\in\mathbfR

\endequation

x2 ≥ 0 for all x ∈ R (3.3)

êÆ[éuÎÒ¦ôŃf¦\µùpS.þ¦^%oN

(‘blackboard bold’)§¹diN§^ amsfonts½´ amssymb÷

\mathbb·-"þ¡~fÒC¤

\begindisplaymath

x^2 \geq 0\qquad

\textrmfor all x\in\mathbbR

\enddisplaymath

x2 ≥ 0 for all x ∈ R

3.2 êÆª+|

Ü©êÆª·-éÙiÎk§Ïd§XJ\F"

·-éõiÎå^§\7Lr§3+|¥§¦^s)

Òµ....

\beginequation

a^x+y \neq a^x+y

\endequationax + y 6= ax+y (3.4)

3.3 êÆúªÄ

ù!ò0êÆü¥·-"[êÆüÎÒ

·-L§ë1 591 3.10!"

F1i1 (Greek letters)Ñ\/ª \alpha!\beta!\gamma!,

,§i1Ñ\/ª \Gamma!\Delta!,,2

$\lambda,\xi,\pi,\mu,\Phi,\Omega$ λ, ξ, π, µ, Φ,Ω

2LATEX 2ε ¥vk½ÂAlpha§Ï§/Ûêi1A"#êÆ?è¤§/

U¬k¤U"

48 êÆúª

êÚeI±UL¦^ ^Ú _üÎÒ5½"

$a_1$ \qquad $x^2$ \qquad

$e^-\alpha t$ \qquad

$a^3_ij$\\

$e^x^2 \neq e^x^2$

a1 x2 e−αt a3ij

ex2 6= ex2

² (square root)Ñ\^ \sqrt¶ng^ \sqrt[n]5"Ò

d LATEXgÄ)¤"XJ==IÒ§±^ \surd"

$\sqrtx$ \qquad

$\sqrt x^2+\sqrty $

\qquad $\sqrt[3]2$\\[3pt]

$\surd[x^2 + y^2]$

√x

√x2 +

√y 3

√2

√[x2 + y2]

·- \overlineÚ \underline)Y²§§¬3Lª

þ½é"

$\overlinem+n$ m + n

·- \overbraceÚ \underbrace±3Lªþ½e)

¤Y²)Ò

$\underbracea+b+\cdots+z_26$a + b + · · · + z︸︷︷︸

26

CþO\êÆÑÎÒ§XÞ½´˜(tilde)§\±¦^1

59L 3.1 ¤Ñ·-"CXõiÎ°/lf0Ú°˜Ò§±d

\widehatÚ \widetilde"’ÎÒKÑ§Ò (prime)"

\begindisplaymath

y=x^2\qquad y’=2x\qquad y’’=2

\enddisplaymathy = x2 y′ = 2x y′′ = 2

þ±ÏL3CþþV\Þ (arrow symbols)5½"

d§¦^ \vec·-="\overrightarrowÚ \overleftarrowùü·

-±^5L«lA Bþ"

\begindisplaymath

\vec a\quad\overrightarrowAB

\enddisplaymath~a

−→AB

Ï~\vk7Ñ²w:Ò5L²¦$¶´kÿ

I§5ÏÖö©úª"3ù¹e§\AT¦^ \cdot·-"

3.3 êÆúªÄ 49

\begindisplaymath

v = \sigma_1 \cdot \sigma_2

\tau_1 \cdot \tau_2

\enddisplaymath

v = σ1 · σ2τ1 · τ2

logaq¼ê¶Ï~´^áiN§ Ø´XÓCþ^N§

Ïd LATEXJø±e·-5üù¼ê¶µ

\arccos \cos \csc \exp \ker \limsup

\arcsin \cosh \deg \gcd \lg \ln

\arctan \cot \det \hom \lim \log

\arg \coth \dim \inf \liminf \max

\sinh \sup \tan \tanh \min \Pr

\sec \sin

\[\lim_x \rightarrow 0

\frac\sin xx=1\]limx→0

sin x

x= 1

éu¼ê (modulo function)§kü·-µ\bmodû$

“a mod b”§ \pmodKûLªX “x ≡ a (mod b)”"

$a\bmod b$\\

$x\equiv a \pmodb$

a mod b

x ≡ a (mod b)

þe©ª (fraction)^ \frac......·-" Ù

/ªX 1/2§k´ÐÀJ§Ïéuá©f©15`§ùwþ

*"

$1\frac12$~hours

\begindisplaymath

\frac x^2 k+1 \qquad

x^ \frac2k+1 \qquad

x^ 1/2

\enddisplaymath

1 1

2hours

x2

k + 1x

2k+1 x1/2

üªXê½aq(§\±¦^ amsmath÷¥ \binom

·-"

\begindisplaymath

\binomnk\qquad\mathrmC_n^k

\enddisplaymath

(n

k

)Ck

n

50 êÆúª

éu'X§kÿ\IrÎÒpæÈå5"\stackrel·-

¬rÙ1ëê¥ÎÒ±þI31þ¡§ 1ÎÒK

±~ "

\begindisplaymath

\int f_N(x) \stackrel!= 1

\enddisplaymath

∫fN (x)

!= 1

È©Ò (integral operator)±^ \int)§¦ÚÒ (sum operator)^

\sum·-§ ¦ÈÒ (product operator)^ \prod·-"þÚe^ ^

Ú _5½§XÓþIeI3"

\begindisplaymath

\sum_i=1^n \qquad

\int_0^\frac\pi2 \qquad

\prod_\epsilon

\enddisplaymath

n∑

i=1

∫ π

2

0

∏

ε

ÐE,Lª¥I§amsmathJøü

óäµ\substack·-Ú subarray¸µ

\begindisplaymath

\sum_\substack0<i<n \\ 1<j<m

P(i,j) =

\sum_\beginsubarrayl

i\in I\\

1<j<m

\endsubarray Q(i,j)

\enddisplaymath

∑

0<i<n1<j<m

P (i, j) =∑

i∈I1<j<m

Q(i, j)

TEX Jø«ÎÒ5)Ò (braces) ÚÙ§½.Î

(delimiters)£Xµ[ 〈 ‖ l¤")ÒÚ)Ò±déAÑ\ s)Ò^\§´¤kÙ§½.ÎÑ^½·-£Xµ\updownarrow¤

)¤"¤k^½.ÎL§1 62L 3.7"

\begindisplaymath

a,b,c\neq\a,b,c\

\enddisplaymatha, b, c 6= a, b, c

XJ\3,½.Îc \left·-½´3,m½.Îc

\right·-§TEXò¬gÄû½ùé½.Î"5¿§\7L

3AMS-LATEX¥,kõ1þI/eI"

3.4 êÆ 51

z \left·-éA \right·-§ k3m½.Îü

3Ó1â¬¼(º"XJ\Ø¦^?Ûm½.Î§¦^

wØ ‘\right.’=

\begindisplaymath

1 + \left( \frac1 1-x^2

\right) ^3

\enddisplaymath

1 +(

1

1 − x2

)3

k¹e§k7Ãó½êÆ½.Î(º§ù±¦^

\big§\Big§\biggÚ \Bigg·-§õê¹e\Ir§3½.Î

·-c¡4"

$\Big( (x+1) (x-1) \Big) ^2$\\

$\big(\Big(\bigg(\Bigg($\quad

$\big\\Big\\bigg\\Bigg\$

\quad

$\big\|\Big\|\bigg\|\Bigg\|$

((x + 1)(x − 1)

)2

((((

∥∥∥∥∥∥∥∥∥

∥∥∥∥∥

kéõ·-±¢y3úª¥\n: (three dots)"\ldots

3Äþ: \cdots´þeØ¥:",§k\vdots·-

)ç:§\ddots)é:"\±31 3.5!é,

~f"

\begindisplaymath

x_1,\ldots,x_n \qquad

x_1+\cdots+x_n

\enddisplaymath

x1, . . . , xn x1 + · · · + xn

3.4 êÆ

XJúªSd TEXÀJØ-<÷¿§@o±ÏL\

AÏ·-5N"k·-±)µ\, 3

18quad

( ) , \: 4

18quad ( ) \;¬ 5

18quad ( )"=ÂÎ \)

¥, \quad ( )Ú \qquad ( ))"\quad

ciN¥i1‘M’°Ýk'"\!·-¬)− 3

18quad ( )

K"

4XJ¦^,UCiN·-§½´½ 11pt½ 12ptëê§ù·-¬ØýÏ

J"¦^ exscale½ amsmath÷±Å§"

52 êÆúª

\newcommand\ud\mathrmd

\begindisplaymath

\int\!\!\!\int_D g(x,y)

\, \ud x\, \ud y

\enddisplaymath

instead of

\begindisplaymath

\int\int_D g(x,y)\ud x \ud y

\enddisplaymath

∫∫

D

g(x, y) dxdy

instead of∫ ∫

D

g(x, y)dxdy

5¿ùp©¥ ‘d’U.~½¤ÛêiN"

AMS-LATEXõÈ©ÒmNJø,«§=¦^

\iint, \iiint, \iiiint, Ú \idotsint·-"

\\ amsmath÷§þ¡~f±¤ùµ

\newcommand\ud\mathrmd

\begindisplaymath

\iint_D \, \ud x \, \ud y

\enddisplaymath

∫∫

D

dxdy

õë>f© testmath.tex£ AMS-LATEX åu1¤

½ The LATEX Companion [3]1lÙ"

3.5 Rà

üê|§¦^ array¸"§¦^ tabular¸kaq"\\

·-^5ä1"

\begindisplaymath

\mathbfX =

\left( \beginarrayccc

x_11 & x_12 & \ldots \\

x_21 & x_22 & \ldots \\

\vdots & \vdots & \ddots

\endarray \right)

\enddisplaymath

X =

x11 x12 . . .

x21 x22 . . ....

.... . .

array¸±^5üùLª§Lª¥¦^ “.”

ÙÛõ \right½.Î"

3.5 Rà 53

\begindisplaymath

y = \left\ \beginarrayll

a & \textrmif $d>c$\\

b+x & \textrmin the morning\\

l & \textrmall day long

\endarray \right.

\enddisplaymath

y =

a if d > c

b + x in the morning

l all day long

Ò3 tabular¸¥§\±3 array¸¥x§X©Ý

¥µ

\begindisplaymath

\left(\beginarrayc|c

1 & 2 \\

\hline

3 & 4

\endarray\right)

\enddisplaymath

(1 2

3 4

)

éuª1úª½´§|(equation system)§\±¦êqnarray

Ú eqnarray*¸5O equation¸"3 eqnarray¸¥z1Ñk

ª?Ò"eqnarray*KØV\?Ò"

eqnarrayÚ eqnarray*¸^ rcl/ª®La

q§ùp¥m±^5Ò§ØÒ§½ö´Ù§\ÀJÎÒ"\\

·-±ä1"

\begineqnarray

f(x) & = & \cos x \\

f’(x) & = & -\sin x \\

\int_0^x f(y)dy &

= & \sin x

\endeqnarray

f(x) = cosx (3.5)

f ′(x) = − sin x (3.6)∫ x

0

f(y)dy = sin x (3.7)

5¿§ùpÒü>xÑÑwL"\setlength\arraycolsep2pt

±N§§«~Xe"

ªØU©¤Ü·ã"ö7L½3=päXÛ ?"±

eü«´~^"

54 êÆúª

\setlength\arraycolsep2pt

\begineqnarray

\sin x & = & x -\fracx^33!

+\fracx^55!-

\nonumber\\

&& -\fracx^77!+\cdots

\endeqnarray

sin x = x − x3

3!+

x5

5!−

− x7

7!+ · · · (3.8)

\begineqnarray

\lefteqn \cos x = 1

-\fracx^22! +

\nonumber\\

& & +\fracx^44!

-\fracx^66!+\cdots

\endeqnarray

cosx = 1 − x2

2!+

+x4

4!− x6

6!+ · · · (3.9)

\nonumber·-w LATEXØùª?Ò"

^ù«éJ4ª(Réà¶amsmath÷JøX

rkåOÀJ£ë align, flalign, gather, multlineÚ split

¸¤"

3.6 J

·wØJ £phantom§kK¿g¤§´3Nõ<ÞM¥

§,Ók½ "LATEX¥"·±¦^§5¢yk

E|"

¦^ ^Ú _§LATEXé©RéàkwLugõ"

¦^ \phantom·-\±Ø3ªÑÑ¥w«iÎ3 "n)d

¿Ð´we¡~f"

\begindisplaymath

^12_\phantom16\textrmC

\qquad \textrmversus \qquad

^12_6\textrmC

\enddisplaymath

126C versus 12

6 C

\begindisplaymath

\Gamma_ij^\phantomijk

\qquad \textrmversus \qquad

\Gamma_ij^k

\enddisplaymath

Γ kij versus Γk

ij

3.7 êÆiNº 55

3.7 êÆiNº

3êÆª¥§TEXâþe©ÀJiN"~X§þI¬ü¤

iN"XJ\rªÜ©ü¤ÛêiN§Ø^ \textrm·

-§Ï \textrm¬6©ª§ diNÅòØå

^"¦^ \mathrm5±iNÅ~"´%§\mathrm

éák",Ã ÑÎÒØå^5"

\beginequation

2^\textrmnd \quad

2^\mathrmnd

\endequation

2nd 2nd (3.10)

k\EIw LATEX(iN"3êÆª¥§^±eo

·-5½µ

\displaystyle (123), \textstyle (123), \scriptstyle (123) and

\scriptscriptstyle (123).

UCª¬Kþew«ª"

\begindisplaymath

\frac\displaystyle

\sum_i=1^n(x_i-\overline x)

(y_i-\overline y)

\displaystyle\biggl[

\sum_i=1^n(x_i-\overline x)^2

\sum_i=1^n(y_i-\overline y)^2

\biggr]^1/2

\enddisplaymath

n∑

i=1

(xi − x)(yi − y)

[ n∑

i=1

(xi − x)2n∑

i=1

(yi − y)2]1/2

ù~f¥)Ò' \left[ \right]Jø)Ò"\bigglÚ

\biggr·-©OéAuÚm)Ò"

3.8 ½n!½Æ!,,

êÆ©§\UI«5ü/Ún0!/½Â0!/ú

n09Ù§aq("

\newtheoremname[counter]text[section]

ëþ name´^5I£/½n0á'i" ëê textâ´ý/½5AMS-LATEX(amsmath)÷±4\textrm·-iNÅÚ"

56 êÆúª

n0¶§§¬3ª©¥<Ñ5"

)Ò¥´Àëþ"üöÑþ^5½“½n”?Ò¯K"¦^

counter ëê5½kc(²/½n0 name"Kd#/½n0òk

c½nÚ?Ò"sectionëê4\5½Ù!ü§ /½n0¬UA

Ù!g5?Ò"

3\©ó«1 \newtheorem·-§\Ò±3©¥¦

^±e·-"

\beginname[text]

This is my interesting theorem

\endname

amsthm÷Jø \newtheoremstylestyle·-§ÏLlný½

Âª¥ÀJÙ5½Â½n*§nª©Oµdefinition£I

KoN§SNÛêN¤§plain£IKoN§SNN¤Úremark£IKN§

SNÛêN¤"

nØþ®²`õ§e¡·éXe¢§ù~fF"U

r\¦¯¿4\ \newtheorem¸'E,Øń)"

Äk½Â½n¸

\theoremstyledefinition \newtheoremlawLaw

\theoremstyleplain \newtheoremjury[law]Jury

\theoremstyleremark \newtheorem*margMargaret

\beginlaw \labellaw:box

Don’t hide in the witness box

\endlaw

\beginjury[The Twelve]

It could be you! So beware and

see law~\reflaw:box\endjury

\beginmargNo, No, No\endmarg

Law 1. Don’t hide in the witness box

Jury 2 (The Twelve). It could be you! So

beware and see law 1

Margaret. No, No, No

/Jury0½n/Law0½n^ÓOêì§Ïd§?ÒÙ

§/Law0½n?Ò´^Se5")Ò¥ëþ^5½½n

IK½´Ù§aqSN"

3.9 oNÎÒ 57

\flushleft

\newtheoremmurMurphy[section]

\beginmur

If there are two or more

ways to do something, and

one of those ways can result

in a catastrophe, then

someone will do it.\endmur

Murphy 3.8.1. If there are two or more

ways to do something, and one of those

ways can result in a catastrophe, then

someone will do it.

/Murphy0½nkcÙ!éX?Ò"\±¦^Ù§

ü§XÙ (chapter)½! (subsection)"

amsthmJø proof¸"

\beginproof

Trivial, use

\[E=mc^2\]

\endproof

Proof. Trivial, use

E = mc2

¦^ \qedhere·-\±£Ä-y..Î"-y..Î%@´3y²(

åüÕu1"

\beginproof

Trivial, use

\[E=mc^2 \qedhere\]

\endproof

Proof. Trivial, use

E = mc2

3.9 oNÎÒ

3 LATEX¥oNÎÒØN´¶ùN´¿§±

Y²üöLÝ¦^§"iNC·- \mathbfoNi

1§´´ÛêN£á¤ êÆÎÒÏ~¦Ń"k

\boldmath·-§´§U^3êÆª"§Ø=ûi1^

uÎÒ"

\begindisplaymath

\mu, M \qquad \mathbfM \qquad

\mbox\boldmath $\mu, M$

\enddisplaymath

µ, M M µ, M

5¿§ÏÒ¤oN§ùNØ´¤I"

58 êÆúª

amsbsy÷£¹3 amsmath¥¤½ tool÷8¥ bmò¬B|N

õ§Ï§¹ \boldsymbol·-"

\begindisplaymath

\mu, M \qquad

\boldsymbol\mu, \boldsymbolM

\enddisplaymath

µ, M µ, M

3.10 êÆÎÒL 59

3.10 êÆÎÒL

±eLÑêÆª¥¤k~^ÎÒ"

¦^L 3.11–3.156"7Lk3ó«¥1\ amssymb÷ XÚ¥

7LSC AMSêÆiN"XJXÚ¥vkSC AMS÷ÚiN§

macros/latex/required/amslatex"¡Lu info/symbols/

comprehensive?é"

L 3.1: êÆªÑÎÒ"

a \hata a \checka a \tildea

a \gravea a \dota a \ddota

a \bara ~a \veca A \widehatA

a \acutea a \brevea A \widetildeA

L 3.2: F1i1"

α \alpha θ \theta o o υ \upsilon

β \beta ϑ \vartheta π \pi φ \phi

γ \gamma ι \iota $ \varpi ϕ \varphi

δ \delta κ \kappa ρ \rho χ \chi

ε \epsilon λ \lambda % \varrho ψ \psi

ε \varepsilon µ \mu σ \sigma ω \omega

ζ \zeta ν \nu ς \varsigma

η \eta ξ \xi τ \tau

Γ \Gamma Λ \Lambda Σ \Sigma Ψ \Psi

∆ \Delta Ξ \Xi Υ \Upsilon Ω \Omega

Θ \Theta Π \Pi Φ \Phi

6ùL guDavid Carlisle symbols.tex, 3 Josef TkadlecïÆeUÄ"

60 êÆúª

L 3.3: 'X"

\±3eÎÒA·-c\þ \not·-§ ÙÄ½/ª"

< < > > = =

≤ \leq or \le ≥ \geq or \ge ≡ \equiv

\ll \gg.= \doteq

≺ \prec \succ ∼ \sim

\preceq \succeq ' \simeq

⊂ \subset ⊃ \supset ≈ \approx

⊆ \subseteq ⊇ \supseteq ∼= \cong

@ \sqsubset a A \sqsupset a 1 \Join a

v \sqsubseteq w \sqsupseteq ./ \bowtie

∈ \in 3 \ni , \owns ∝ \propto

` \vdash a \dashv |= \models

| \mid ‖ \parallel ⊥ \perp

^ \smile _ \frown \asymp

: : /∈ \notin 6= \neq or \ne

a ¦^ latexsym÷âUùÎÒ

3.10 êÆÎÒL 61

L 3.4: $Î"

+ + − -

± \pm ∓ \mp / \triangleleft

· \cdot ÷ \div . \triangleright

× \times \ \setminus ? \star

∪ \cup ∩ \cap ∗ \ast

t \sqcup u \sqcap \circ

∨ \vee , \lor ∧ \wedge , \land • \bullet

⊕ \oplus \ominus \diamond

\odot \oslash ] \uplus

⊗ \otimes © \bigcirc q \amalg

4 \bigtriangleup 5 \bigtriangledown † \dagger

\lhd a \rhd a ‡ \ddagger

\unlhd a \unrhd a o \wr

L 3.5:/0$Î"

∑\sum

⋃\bigcup

∨\bigvee

∏\prod

⋂\bigcap

∧\bigwedge

∐\coprod

⊔\bigsqcup

⊎\biguplus

∫\int

∮\oint

⊙\bigodot

⊕\bigoplus

⊗\bigotimes

62 êÆúª

L 3.6: Þ"

← \leftarrow or \gets ←− \longleftarrow

→ \rightarrow or \to −→ \longrightarrow

↔ \leftrightarrow ←→ \longleftrightarrow

⇐ \Leftarrow ⇐= \Longleftarrow

⇒ \Rightarrow =⇒ \Longrightarrow

⇔ \Leftrightarrow ⇐⇒ \Longleftrightarrow

7→ \mapsto 7−→ \longmapsto

← \hookleftarrow → \hookrightarrow

\leftharpoonup \rightharpoonup

\leftharpoondown \rightharpoondown

\rightleftharpoons ⇐⇒ \iff (bigger spaces)

↑ \uparrow ↓ \downarrow

l \updownarrow ⇑ \Uparrow

⇓ \Downarrow m \Updownarrow

\nearrow \searrow

\swarrow \nwarrow

; \leadsto a

a¦^ latexsym÷âUùÎÒ

L 3.7: ½.Î"

( ( ) ) ↑ \uparrow

[ [ or \lbrack ] ] or \rbrack ↓ \downarrow

\ or \lbrace \ or \rbrace l \updownarrow

〈 \langle 〉 \rangle | | or \vert

b \lfloor c \rfloor d \lceil

/ / \ \backslash m \Updownarrow

⇑ \Uparrow ⇓ \Downarrow ‖ \| or \Vert

e \rceil

3.10 êÆÎÒL 63

L 3.8: ½.Î" \lgroup

\rgroup

\lmoustache

\arrowvertww \Arrowvert

\bracevert \rmoustache

L 3.9: Ù¦ÎÒ"

. . . \dots · · · \cdots... \vdots

. . . \ddots

~ \hbar ı \imath \jmath ` \ell

< \Re = \Im ℵ \aleph ℘ \wp

∀ \forall ∃ \exists f \mho a ∂ \partial

′ ’ ′ \prime ∅ \emptyset ∞ \infty

∇ \nabla 4 \triangle 2 \Box a 3 \Diamond a

⊥ \bot > \top ∠ \angle√

\surd

♦ \diamondsuit ♥ \heartsuit ♣ \clubsuit ♠ \spadesuit

¬ \neg or \lnot [ \flat \ \natural ] \sharp

a¦^ latexsym÷âUùÎÒ

L 3.10: êÆÎÒ"

±3©ª¥¦^ùÎÒ"

† \dag § \S © \copyright ® \textregistered

‡ \ddag ¶ \P £ \pounds % \%

L 3.11: AMS½.Î"

p \ulcorner q \urcorner x \llcorner y \lrcorner

| \lvert | \rvert ‖ \lVert ‖ \rVert

L 3.12: AMSF1ÚFË5i1"

z \digamma κ \varkappa i \beth ג \gimel k \daleth

64 êÆúª

L 3.13: AMS'X"

l \lessdot m \gtrdot + \doteqdot

6 \leqslant > \geqslant : \risingdotseq

0 \eqslantless 1 \eqslantgtr ; \fallingdotseq

5 \leqq = \geqq P \eqcirc

≪ \lll or \llless ≫ \ggg $ \circeq

. \lesssim & \gtrsim , \triangleq

/ \lessapprox ' \gtrapprox l \bumpeq

≶ \lessgtr ≷ \gtrless m \Bumpeq

Q \lesseqgtr R \gtreqless ∼ \thicksim

S \lesseqqgtr T \gtreqqless ≈ \thickapprox

4 \preccurlyeq < \succcurlyeq u \approxeq

2 \curlyeqprec 3 \curlyeqsucc v \backsim

- \precsim % \succsim w \backsimeq

w \precapprox v \succapprox \vDash

j \subseteqq k \supseteqq \Vdash

q \shortparallel c \Supset \Vvdash

J \blacktriangleleft A \sqsupset \backepsilon

B \vartriangleright ∵ \because ∝ \varpropto

I \blacktriangleright b \Subset G \between

D \trianglerighteq a \smallfrown t \pitchfork

C \vartriangleleft p \shortmid ` \smallsmile

E \trianglelefteq ∴ \therefore @ \sqsubset

3.10 êÆÎÒL 65

L 3.14: AMSÞ"

L99 \dashleftarrow 99K \dashrightarrow

⇔ \leftleftarrows ⇒ \rightrightarrows

\leftrightarrows \rightleftarrows

W \Lleftarrow V \Rrightarrow

\twoheadleftarrow \twoheadrightarrow

\leftarrowtail \rightarrowtail

\leftrightharpoons \rightleftharpoons

\Lsh \Rsh

" \looparrowleft # \looparrowright

x \curvearrowleft y \curvearrowright

\circlearrowleft \circlearrowright

( \multimap \upuparrows

\downdownarrows \upharpoonleft

\upharpoonright \downharpoonright

\rightsquigarrow ! \leftrightsquigarrow

66 êÆúª

L 3.15: AMSÄ½'XÎÚÞ"

≮ \nless ≯ \ngtr & \varsubsetneqq

\lneq \gneq ' \varsupsetneqq

\nleq \ngeq " \nsubseteqq

\nleqslant \ngeqslant # \nsupseteqq

\lneqq \gneqq - \nmid

\lvertneqq \gvertneqq ∦ \nparallel

\nleqq \ngeqq . \nshortmid

\lnsim \gnsim / \nshortparallel

\lnapprox \gnapprox \nsim

⊀ \nprec \nsucc \ncong

\npreceq \nsucceq 0 \nvdash

\precneqq \succneqq 2 \nvDash

\precnsim \succnsim 1 \nVdash

\precnapprox \succnapprox 3 \nVDash

( \subsetneq ) \supsetneq 6 \ntriangleleft

\varsubsetneq ! \varsupsetneq 7 \ntriangleright

* \nsubseteq + \nsupseteq 5 \ntrianglelefteq

$ \subsetneqq % \supsetneqq 4 \ntrianglerighteq

8 \nleftarrow 9 \nrightarrow = \nleftrightarrow

: \nLeftarrow ; \nRightarrow < \nLeftrightarrow

L 3.16: AMS$Î"

u \dotplus \centerdot

n \ltimes o \rtimes > \divideontimes

d \doublecup e \doublecap r \smallsetminus

Y \veebar Z \barwedge [ \doublebarwedge

\boxplus \boxminus \circleddash

\boxtimes \boxdot \circledcirc

ᵀ \intercal ~ \circledast i \rightthreetimes

g \curlyvee f \curlywedge h \leftthreetimes

3.10 êÆÎÒL 67

L 3.17: AMSÙ§ÎÒ"

~ \hbar \hslash k \Bbbk

\square \blacksquare s \circledS

M \vartriangle N \blacktriangle \complement

O \triangledown H \blacktriangledown a \Game

♦ \lozenge \blacklozenge F \bigstar

∠ \angle ] \measuredangle

\diagup \diagdown 8 \backprime

@ \nexists ` \Finv ∅ \varnothing

ð \eth ^ \sphericalangle f \mho

L 3.18: êÆi1"

¢~ ·- ¤I÷

ABCDEabcde1234 \mathrmABCDE abcde 1234

ABCDEabcde1234 \mathitABCDE abcde 1234

ABCDEabcde \mathnormalABCDE abcde 1234

ABCDE \mathcalABCDE abcde 1234

A BC DE \mathscrABCDE abcde 1234 mathrsfs

ABCDEabcde1234 \mathfrakABCDE abcde 1234 amsfonts or amssymb

ABCDEa1234 \mathbbABCDE abcde 1234 amsfonts or amssymb

1oÙ ;õU

\n.©§LATEX ;õU§~X¢ÚgÄ

)¤!ë©z+n§¬\±éÏ"['u LATEXA

ÏõU±9UOrõU£ã±3 LATEX Manual [1]Ú The LATEX

Companion [3]é"

4.1 \ EPSã/

LATEXÏL figureÚ table¸Jø?nãã/2ÄNÄ

óä"

kA«±ÏL¦^Ä LATEX·-½ö LATEX*Ð÷5)

¢Sã/ (graphics)§1ÊÙ¥ò¬0Ù¥A«"XJIù

¡[&E§ëThe LATEX Companion [3]Ú LATEX Manual [1]"

3©¥¦^ã/§éN´Ò´¦^;^1)

¤ã/©§,òªã/©\©¥"LATEX ÷Jø

Nõ5¤ùó"3ùÃþp§·?Ø Encapsulated

PostScript(EPS)ã/©¦^§Ï§'ü 2/¦^"

¦^ EPSªã¡§\7Lk PostScript<Å2 5ÑÑ(

J"

d D. P. Carlisle graphicx ÷Jø@éÐã·-"§

´ “graphics”÷8¥Ü©3"

b\¦^XÚSC PostScript<ÅÚ graphicx ÷§@o

\Ò±ÏLe¡Ú½rÌã¡\\\©¥µ

1. ^\ã/^ÑÑEPSª©4"

1~X XFig!CorelDraw!!Freehand!Gnuplot!,,2,±^5ÑÑPostScriptóä´GhostScript§S§§±l support/ghostscript

"WindowsÚ OS/2^rUU^GSview"3macros/latex/required/graphics4XJ\^ØUÑÑEPSª©§\±ÁSCPostScript<Å°Ä§S£~X

Apple LaserWriter¤§,ò\ã/ÏLù°Ä§S<©"$íÐ§ù©¬ÉPS

70 ;õU

2. 3 ©ó¥\þe¡·-51\ graphicx÷"

\usepackage[driver]graphicx

ùp driver ´\¦^“dvi postscript”=§S"~^´

dvips"Ï TEX¥vk5½\ã/IO§¤± driver ¶i´

7I" driver ¶i§graphicx ÷Ò±ÀJÜ·

3 .dvi©¥\'uã/&E",<Ån)ù&E¿U

(\ .eps©"

3. ¦^·-

\includegraphics[key=value, . . . ]file

5r file \\\©"Àëê´XdÏÒm keys Ú

A (values)"keys ±^5UCã°Ý!pÝ±9^="L 4.1

Ñ'c"

L 4.1: graphicx÷¦^'c"

width rã/N½°Ý

height rã/N½pÝ

angle _^=ã/

scale ã/

e¡«~è±Ï·n)L§µ

\beginfigure

\centering

\includegraphics[angle=90,

width=0.5\textwidth]test

\captionThis is a test.

\endfigure

ùãèr© test.eps¥ã/\©p"Äkã/^= 90Ý§

,?1 ¦ã/°ÝuIOãá°Ý 0.5"Ïvk½ã

ª"5¿EPSã¡ØU¹LSN"<Å°Ä§S±²(/½ÑÑEPS

ª"

4.2 ë©z 71

/pÝ§ã/p°Cz'~´ 1.0§Ò´±5p°'"pÝÚ

°Ýëê±½ýéÝü "[&E±31 115L 6.5

¥é"XJ\õù¡£§Ö©z [9]Ú [13]"

4.2 ë©z

\±ÏL thebibliography ¸5)ë©z (bibliogra-

phy)"zë©z^8±Xe·-mÞ

\bibitem[label]marker

,¦^marker 3©¥Ú^ùÖ!ù©Ù½öØ©"

\citemarker

XJ\Ø¦^ëê label§ë©z^8?Ò´gÄ)¤"

\beginthebibliography ·-ëê½?Ò°Ý"3e

¡~f¥§99w LATEXë©z^8?ÒØ¬'êi 99°"

Partl~\citepa has

proposed that \ldots

\beginthebibliography99

\bibitempa H.~Partl:

\emphGerman \TeX,

TUGboat Volume~9, Issue~1 (1988)

\endthebibliography

Partl [1] has proposed that . . .

Bibliography

[1] H. Partl: German TEX, TUGboat Vol-

ume 9, Issue 1 (1988)

éu.8§\NI¦^ BibTEX§S"BibTEX¹3õê

TEXu1¥"§U4\oë©zêâ¥§¿l¥)¤\

Ø©Ú^©z^8"BibTEX)ë©z*´Äu«ª

LVg§§±4\UìþýkOÐª5Mï\ë©z"

72 ;õU

L 4.2: ¢Ú'c«~"

«~ ¢Ú 5º

\indexhello hello, 1 ÊÏª¢Ú

\indexhello!Peter Peter, 3 ‘hello’ef

\indexSam@\textslSam Sam, 2 ªz¢Ú

\indexLin@\textbfLin Lin, 7 Óþ

\indexJenny|textbf Jenny, 3 ªzè

\indexJoe|textit Joe, 5 Óþ

\indexecole@\’ecole école, 4 ÑIP

4.3 ¢Ú

NõÖ7~k^Ü©Ò´§¢Ú (index) "¦^

LATEXÚ9Ïóä makeindex5§·UéN´)¤¢Ú"3ùÃþ

p§0Ä¢Ú)¤·-"?Ú)ë The LATEX

Companion [3]"

¦^ LATEX¢ÚõU§÷makeidx7L3óÜ©1\µ

\usepackagemakeidx

,3ó¥¦^

\makeindex

-¹¢Ú·-"

¢ÚSNÏL·-

\indexkey

½§ùp key ´¢Ú'c"\±3I¢Ú/\\ù^·

-"L 4.2Þ~)ºëþ key "

LATEX?n ©§z \index·-Ñ¬ò·¢ÚÚc

è\;©¥"ù©¶iÚ LATEX ©Ó§äk

53©¶ØUL 8iÎöXÚþ§ù§S·¶ makeidx"

4.4 ½wÚ 73

ØÓ*Ð¶M (.idx)"ù .idx©I^ makeindex§S5?n"

makeindex filename

makeindex§S)¤ ©Ó¶Sz¢Ú©§ù©¦

^ .ind*Ð¶"2g^ LATEX?n ©§ùSz¢Ú©ò

¹ ©¥

\printindex

·-Ñy "

LATEX 2εN÷ showidx±3©><Ñ¢Ú"ùõ

U3é©Ú¢Ú©k^"

5¿Ø>&/¦^ \index·-§ò¬K©¡ÙÛ"

My Word \indexWord. As opposed

to Word\indexWord. Note the

position of the full stop.

My Word . As opposed to Word. Note the

position of the full stop.

4.4 ½wÚ

Piet van Oostrum? fancyhdr÷6§Jøü·-¦

·±½©wÚ"wúºÜ§\ÒUuyù÷

^?"

½wÚ5Ã¯Ò´z¡¤áÙ!¶

¡"LATEXÏLüÚ½5¤ù?Ö"3½ÂwÚ§\±¦

^ \rightmark·-5Lc section¶§¦^ \leftmark5Lc

chapter¶"ùü·-ò3?n chapter½ö section·-#

D"

¼(¹5§ \chapter ·-¿Øé \rightmark Ú

\leftmark?1½Â§ ´ÏLN^\chaptermark·-½ö\sectionmark!\subsectionmark

5#½Â \rightmarkÚ \leftmark"

Ïd§XJ\?Uwþw«Ù¶§I#½Â\chaptermark·

-"

ã 4.1w«XÛ fancyhdr5Ú©qw"ÃØXÛ·

´ïÆ\kÖe fancyhdr÷¤©"

6±3 macros/latex/contrib/supported/fancyhdr "

74 ;õU

\documentclassbook

\usepackagefancyhdr

\pagestylefancy

with this we ensure that the chapter and section

headings are in lowercase.

\renewcommand\chaptermark[1]%

\markboth#1

\renewcommand\sectionmark[1]%

\markright\thesection\ #1

\fancyhf % delete current header and footer

\fancyhead[LE,RO]\bfseries\thepage

\fancyhead[LO]\bfseries\rightmark

\fancyhead[RE]\bfseries\leftmark

\renewcommand\headrulewidth0.5pt

\renewcommand\footrulewidth0pt

\addtolength\headheight0.5pt % space for the rule

\fancypagestyleplain%

\fancyhead % get rid of headers on plain pages

\renewcommand\headrulewidth0pt % and the line

ã 4.1: fancyhdr¢~"

4.5 Verbatim÷ 75

4.5 Verbatim÷

3©c¡Ü©\®² verbatim¸"3ù!¥§\òÆ

¬¦^ verbatim÷"verbatim÷#¢y verbatim¸§¿)û

5 verbatim¸"ù¿vkoAO§ verbatim

÷¢y#OõU§ùâ´·3ùpJù÷Ï"

verbatim÷Jø

\verbatiminputfilename

·-§ù·-#N\rASCIIè©©¹\©¥5§Ò

Ð§´3 verbatim¸¥"

verbatim÷´ ‘tools’÷8Ü©§õêXÚ¥ÑýCù

÷8"XJ\õ/)ù÷§±Ö [10]"

4.6 SC÷

õê LATEX SCÑkþýCª÷§õ÷

±3þ"3péÏéª÷Ì/Ò´ CTAN

(http://www.ctan.org/)"

«÷ ©§~X geometry§hyphenat§5`Ñ¹

ü©µ*Ð¶ .ins§,*Ð¶ .dtx"d§Ï~¬k

readme.txté÷?1`²"\ATkÖù©"

ÃØXÛ§\÷ ©§\é§?1?n¦

(a)\ TEXXÚù#÷§(b))¤`²©"e¡´1Ü©

Ú½µ

1. é .ins©$1 LATEX·-"ùò¬) .sty©"

2. r .sty©£ LATEX XÚUé/"¹e§´3\

.../localtexmf/tex/latexf8¹e£Windows½ö OS/2^rA

TUC¤"

3. M#XÚ©¶êâ¥"äN·-ûu\¦^ LATEXXÚµ

teTeX, fpTeX – texhash; web2c – maktexlsr; MikTeX – initexmf

-update-fndb½ö¦^ã/.¡"

y3\±l .dtx©)¤`²©µ

http://www.ctan.org/

76 ;õU

1. é .dtx©$1 LATEX·-"ù¬)¤ .dvi©"5¿\U

Iõg$1 LATEX·-5(?nÚ^"

2. ue LATEX·-´Ä) .idx©"XJvuyù©§\

Ò±11 5Ú"

3. )¤¢Ú§v\·-µ

makeindex -s gind.ist name

£ùp nameL«Ø*Ð¶Ì©¶¤"

4. 2gé .dtx©$1 LATEX·-"

5. ÚØ´7I§)¤ .ps©½ö .pdf©±BÖ"

k\¬w)¤ .glo (glossary)©"31 4ÚÚ1 5Ú

m$1e¡·-µ

makeindex -s gglo.ist -o name.gls name.glo

(@311 5Úcé .dtx©$1H LATEX·-"

4.7 ¦^ pdfLATEX


PDF´«©© (hypertext)ª"aqu§©¥,

c±óIP"§óù©,/§$´,

©"XJ\:Âùó§\ò=Nó8/"ù¿X3

LATEXª©¥¤k \refÚ \pagerefÑy ÑC¤ó"d

§8¹§¢ÚÚÙ§aq(C¤ó8Ü"

y3õêÑ´^ HTML©IPó?"3E©

ÿ§ù«ªküî"µ

1. êÆúª3HTML©¥Ï~ÑØ|±"¦+édkIO§

´õý3¦^èAìÑØ|±§½ö"IiN"

2. <HTML©´'N´§<(J¬ÏXÚ²ÚèAì

ØÓ ÑyÉ"ù(J·3 LATEX.¥Ïpþ

lZp"

kNõò LATEX=HTMLÁ"Ù¥±`´¤õ§§

UòIO LATEX ©)¤Ü"´8§

IK|±"\m©¦^ LATEXE,õUÚ*Ð÷§@

ÁÒ1ØÏ"eF"=¦úØþ3©pþ§öÒ


4.7 ¦^ pdfLATEX 77

¦^ PDF£Bª©ª¤§§3©ªÚ#NóÊ"y

3õêèAìþAÑ±w«PDF©"

¦+A¤köXÚÑkDVIÚ PSªÖì§\¬uy<

õ/¦Âcrobat ReaderÚ Xpdf5Ö PDF©"Ï JøPDF

ª©ò¦d3ÖöN´Ö"

4.7.1 uÙþ PDF©

k Hàn Thê Thànhmu pdfTEX§S§¦^ LATEX ©5Mï

PDF©òC~ü"TeX)¤ DVI§ pdfTEX)¤ PDF"

k pdfLATEX§Sò LaTeX ©)¤ PDF"

y3õê TEXu1ÑgÄ8¤SC pdfTEXÚ pdfLATEX§

~XµteTEX§fpTEX§MikTEX§TEXLiveÚ CMacTEX"

)¤PDF Ø´DVI§Iò·-latex file.texU¤pdflatex

file.tex"3Ø´¦^·-1 LATEXXÚ¥§\±3 TEX¥%é

;UÜ"

3 LATEX ¥§\±ÏL documentclassëêÀ5½Â¡

§~Xµa4paper½ letterpaper"ùé pdfLATEXk§´Äk

4 pdfTEXù«¡¢S5 PDF©¡"e\¦

^ hyperref ÷£ë1 80¤§¡ògÄN"ÄK§\IÃ

Äòe¡ü1\\©ó«µ

\pdfpagewidth=\paperwidth \pdfpageheight=\paperheight

e5!ò\0 LATEXÚ pdfLATEXmØÓ"ÌØÓ

kn¡µæîN§¹ãªÚóÃÄ"

4.7.2 iN

pdfLATEX ±?n¤kiN£PK :!TrueType!PostScript

type 1!,,¤§´ LATEXÏ~iNª§PK:iN3 Acrobat

Reader ew«J~"¼©pw«J§Ð¦^

PostScript Type 1iN"p? TeXSC§S¬gÄÐ§\ÐÁ

e§XJ§~$§\Ò±aLù!"

PostScript Type 1 Computer ModernÚ AMSFontsiNd Blue

Sky ResearchÚ Y&Y, Inc.§5áuIêÆÆ¬ (AMS)"ù

iN3 1997cm§¿Ñy3õêTEXu1¥"

, §XJ\¦^ LATEX5Mï=©©§\UÊC§LH½

CBiN£'u OT1iN?Øë1 24¤"Vladimir VolovichMï

78 ;;;õõõUUU

cm-superiN§¹Ü EC/TC!EC Concrete!EC BrightÚ LHiN

8"±3

CTAN:/fonts/ps-type1/cm-super¼§8¤?TEXLive7ÚMikTEX"

d Apostolos Syropoulos¤Mïaq type 1 CBF1iN3

CTAN:/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb¼"Ø3´§ùiN8Blue

Sky/Y&Y Type 1 CMiN<MþØÓ"LATEX¬gÄJ«§ ©

3¶4w«JØX Blue Sky/Y&Y type 1 CMiN@o'"3

p)ÛÝÑÑe§§)¤J5EC/LH/CB:iN

"

XJ\¦^«.¶X©5Mï©§\kÙ§ÀJ"

• \U¦^ aeguill÷§Almost European Computer Modern

with Guillemets"I3ó«V\1

\usepackageaeguill§5éÂEJ[iNO ECiN"

• ½ö§\¦^ mltex÷§´§3 pdfTEXmltexÀk

"

AEJ[iN8§MlTEXXÚ§3 CMiNiÎÄ:þMïÜ

"i1¿U EC^S#ü§Ò¦ TEX?n§ÿ@§k

Ü 256iÎiN8"ùÒ¦^Ü©XÚ¥` type 1

ª cmiN"ù@iNy3 T1?è§3.¶Xî³ó¥éÐ

$"ØvÒ´MïAEiÎØ|±Acrobat ReaderéõU§

Ïd\ØU3 PDF©¥|¢@ÑÎÒüc"

éu©§aq)û´¦^ C1 J[iN§ù±3

ftp://ftp.vsu.ru/pub/tex/font-packs/c1fontsþ¼"ù@iN8¤

IOBluesky CM type 1iNÚParadissaBaKoMaCMCYR type

1iN§ùÑ±3 CTAN þé"du ParadissaiN¹©i

1§C1iNpÒvkÙ¦ÜpiÎ"

,«)û´¦^Ù§PostScript type 1iN" ¢þ§Ù¥

iN¹3Acrobat ReaderAó¥"duùiNkØÓ

iÎ§¡þ©ªò¬UC"/§ùaiNÓm'

CMiN§Ï CMiN´«~!miN" ©À

5»§Ï Times, HelveticaÚ CourieriN£ù´ Acrobat

pÄOiN¤vkO53ü©¥Ú²?"

þã8§kü@iN®²Ðµpxfonts§§Äu©i

N Palatino¶ÚÄu Times txfonts÷"I3©ó«\\

eA1Ò±¦^ùiNµ

4.7 ¦^ pdfLATEX 79


\usepackagepxfonts

5µ\?Èÿ§3 .log©¥Ñye¡&Eµ

Warning: pdftex (file eurmo10): Font eur... not found

ù¿X©¦^,iNvké"\7L)ûù¯K§ÄKÑÑ

PDF©UØ¬w«"iÎ¡"

to the preamble of your document and you are all set for creating

excellent pdf output with full support for the full Latin character set.

þ¡?ØXdõiN¯K§AO´"y type 1ª CMiN

Ópþ ECiN(6["C@#¡ Latin Modern

(LM)pþiN®mu¤"ù¦c¡ú%Ñ´õ"XJ\S

C# TEX§\U®²SCÐù@iN§I´3\©

ó«V\

\usepackagelmodern


\usepackagetextcomp

Ò±Mï|±¤k.¶iÎ`PDFÑÑ©"

4.7.3 ¦^ã/

ÏL graphicx ÷£ë1 69¤§\±3©¥\ã/"¦^

pdftex driver À§ù÷û pdfLATEXµ

\usepackage[pdftex]color,graphicx

þ¡ù~f¥§·¹ color÷§ÏdþçÚ©¬wå5

g,"

ÐEd"EÒ´ Encapsulated PostScriptªã/

¿Ø PdfLATEX ¤|±"XJ\Ø3·- \includegraphics (²\1

©*Ð¶§÷ graphicx ò6u driver ÀgÄÏé

Ü·©"éu pdftex§§|±ªk .png!.pdf!.jpgÚ .mps

(METAP OS T)§Ø|± .eps"

)ûù¯Kü´ÏL3éõXÚ¥é epstopdf

óäò\ EPS©=z PDFª"éu¥þã£x¤§ùéÐ

)û§éu ã£¡!×£ã¤§ù¿Ø´én§ÏPDFª

5Ò|±¹ PNGÚ JPEGã"PNGª·Ü¶4ãÚÙ§

80 ;õU

kôÚã"JPEG´«~·Üu¡ª§ Ó^m

"

UéuxAÏAÛã/ùØ´én§3Ð±ÏL;

·-ó5xã/§~XMETAP OS T§§±3õêTEXu1

¥é§¿¹§*ÐÃþ"

4.7.4 ó

hyperref ÷ò\©¥¤kSÜÚ^C¤ó"d§A

Ï´7L§y\usepackage[pdftex]hyperref´\©

ó«1·-"

kéõÀû½Â hyperref ÷J:

• ½ö3 \usepackage[pdftex]hyperref pdftexÀ^ÏÒ

mÑ¶

• ½ö¦^üÕ1·- \hypersetupoptions"

pdftex´7LÀ§Ù§ëê^5UC hyperref%@J7"

e¡L¥%@¤ uprightiN"

bookmarks (=true,false) w«½ÛõÖ\9

unicode (=false,true) #N3 AcrobatÖ\9¦^.¶XiÎ

pdftoolbar (=true,false) w«½ÛõAcrobatóä9

pdfmenubar (=true,false) w«½ÛõAcrobatèü9

pdffitwindow (=true,false) Nw« PDFÐ©zÇ

pdftitle (=text) ½Â Acrobatw« Document Info

pdfauthor (=text) PDF©ö¶i

pdfnewwindow (=true,false) ½Âó,©§ Äm

#I

colorlinks (=false,true) ókçÚµe(false)½öó©

ôÚ(true)"óôÚÏLe¡ëê5(%@ôÚ®

Ñ)75¿´ hyperref÷¿Ø´3 pdfTEXe^"§±ûò PDFAÏ&Ei\dÏ

~ LATEX)¤ DVI©¥",ÏL dvips=z PSª§Âdobe Distillerò PSª=¤

PDF"

4.7 ¦^ pdfLATEX 81

linkcolor (=red) SÜóôÚ(sections, pages, etc.),

citecolor (=green) Ú^óôÚ(bibliography)

filecolor (=magenta) ©óôÚ

urlcolor (=cyan) URLóôÚ(mail, web)

XJ\úù%@Ü·§Ò¦^

\usepackage[pdftex]hyperref

¦Ö\LmÚóçÚ£=trueØIÑ5¤µ

\usepackage[pdftex,bookmarks,colorlinks]hyperref

Mï PDF©´^5<§¦^çÚó¿Ø´Ð¯§Ï

çÚóò¬<¤Ú§l J±Ö"\±Ø<çÚ

µeµ

\usepackagehyperref

\hypersetupcolorlinks=false

½öòóC¤çÚµ

\usepackagehyperref

\hypersetupcolorlinks,%

citecolor=black,%

filecolor=black,%

linkcolor=black,%

urlcolor=black,%

pdftex

\Jø PDF© Document Info&Eµ

\usepackage[pdfauthor=Pierre Desproges,%

pdftitle=Des femmes qui tombent,%

pdftex]hyperref

ØgÄÚ^ó§ÏLe¡·-±¢y3ó

µ

\hrefurltext

è

82 ;õU

The \hrefhttp://www.ctan.orgCTAN website.

)¤J“CTAN”¶üÂc “CTAN”òr\ CTANÕ"

eó8/ØÚRL§ ´/©§\±¦^\href

·-µ

The complete document is \hrefmanual.pdfhere

)¤J “The complete document is here”"üÂ “here”òm©

manual.pdf£©¶6uc© ¤"

e©ÙöF"Öö±N´/ue¨§I3©IK

\author·-¥¦^·- \hrefµ

\authorMary Oetiker $<$\hrefmailto:[email protected]%

[email protected]$>$

5¿ùóØ=w«3ó¥w«3¡þ"e¡ó

\hrefmailto:[email protected] Oetiker

3 Acrobat¥~¦^§¡<§e/òØ"

4.7.5 ó¯K

Oêì#Ð©zUÑye¡&Eµ

! pdfTeX warning (ext4): destination with the same

identifier (namepage.1) has been already used,

duplicate ignored

~X§3 booka©¥¦^·- \mainmatterÒUÑyþ¡´w"

§3Ö1ÙèOêì 1§´ÖSóÜ©kè 1§l

ó/è 10Ø2´§Ñy“duplicate has been ignored.”

)û´ò plainpages=false \\ hyperref À¥"

Ø3´ùéèOêìk"kx)û´¦^

hypertexnames=false§´ù¬¦¢Ú¥èó"

4.7.6 Ö\¯K

Ö\¥©k¿Ø¬\¥@w«§ÏÖ\== /©

0§Ù¥¦îÎ'~ LATEX©õ"Hyperref²~

ùa¯K Ñye¡´wµ

Package hyperref Warning: Token not allowed in a PDFDocEncoded

string:

http://www.ctan.org

4.7 ¦¦¦^ pdfLATEX 83

y3\±ÏLÖ\Jø©iÎG5)ûù¯K§

\texorpdfstringTEX textBookmark Text

5OØ~w«©"

êÆLª´ùa¯K;.Lµ

\section\texorpdfstring$E=mc^2$%

E=mc^2

Ï~3Ö\¥ \section$E=mc^2$w«/E=mc20"

ôÚUC3Ö\w«¥Ñ¯Kµ

\section\textcolorredRed !

w«(J/redRed!0"·- \textcolorÑ" §ëê (red)Ñ

Ñ"

XJ\¦^

\section\texorpdfstring\textcolorredRed !Red\ !

(Jò*"

XJ\ unicode£ÚiÎ?è¤a.©§ÒIV\÷ hyperref

À unicode§ù\Ò±3Ö\¥¦^ unicode iÎ",¦^

\texorpdfstring·-ò4\kiÎøÀJ"

LATEXÚ pdfLATEX ©oN5

n§\©^LATEXÚ pdfLATEX?ÈJAT§ù¡

¯KÌ´¹ã"ü)û´3·-\includegraphics

¥Ø\1ã*Ð¶§§¬gÄ3c8¹Ïéª·Ü

©§\I´MïAªã©"LATEX¬Ïé .epsª§

pdfLATEX¬Á¹*Ð¶ .png!.pdf!.jpg½ .mps£Uù

^S¤©"

e\3 PDFª©¥¦^ØÓè§Iü/3ó«

\\÷ ifpdf 8"cJ´\®²SCù÷§XJvkSC \q¦

^ MiKTEX§§ò3\1g¦^ÿgÄSC"ù÷½Â

AÏ·- \ifpdf§|^§\éN´?^è"~X§Ä

<¤^§ PostScriptª=¦^çxÚ§3wPDFªò´ç

Ú"

8XJ\o¦^ù÷§±ëTEX FAQù98

http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=ifpdf"

http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=ifpdf

84 ;õU

\RequirePackageifpdf % running on pdfTeX?

\ifpdf

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,pdftex]book

\else

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,dvips]book

\fi

\ifpdf

\usepackagelmodern

\fi

\usepackage[bookmarks, % add hyperlinks

colorlinks,

plainpages=false]hyperref



\usepackage[english]babel

\usepackagegraphicx

...

3þ¡~f¥§3 PDF ª¥·¹ hyperref ÷§ù

\href·-3¤k/eÑk§ù¦·Ø^3z¹eÑ¦^^

(²"

5¿cTEXu1£~XTEXLive¤§Ï~TEX¬â©

a.gÄÀJÑÑ PDF´ DVI"XJ\¦^þ¡è§\E,

±¦^ pdflatex·-5 PDFªÑÑ½¦^ latex DVI

ª"

4.8 Mïü«©v


\±ò\Æó¤JÏLç!ß²¡½ö¦^ü«©v

^3\)P>Mþ¥y"

pdfLATEX Ú beamer ©a#N\Mï PDF ªü«©v§(J

\Ûm PowerPointwþØõ§BÏAcrobat

Reader|±õXÚ²"

beamer©a¦^ëê÷ graphicx§colorÚhyperref 5·A¶

4Öü«©v"


4.8 Mïü«©v 85

\documentclass[10pt]beamer

\mode<beamer>%

\usetheme[hideothersubsections,

right,width=22mm]Goettingen

\titleSimple Presentation

\author[D. Flipo]Daniel Flipo

\instituteU.S.T.L. \& GUTenberg

\titlegraphic\includegraphics[width=20mm]USTL

\date2005

\begindocument

\beginframe<handout:0>

\titlepage

\endframe

\section~f

\beginframe

\frametitleThings to do on a Sunday Afternoon

\beginblockOne could \ldots

\beginitemize

\item walk the dog\dots \pause

\item read a book\pause

\item confuse a cat\pause

\enditemize

\endblock

and many other things

\endframe

\enddocument

ã 4.2: beamer©a~"

86 ;õU

\^ PDFLATEX ?Èã 4.2¥è§\ò PDF©§

1IK§1kA98§\üÂ\ü«©§gw

«^98"

beameraMï PDF©`:´)¤^©§ Ø

prosperIkÏL PostScriptÚ½§Ø ppower4÷I

\ó?nâU)¤ü«©"

^ beamera§\±^ ©)¤A«"±3 ©¥

)l¥\\A½À5)¤ØÓ"ke¡A«ªµ

beamer PDF¶4Ö¶

trans ¡¶

handout PDFùÂ"

%@ beamer§\±ÏLØÓÛÀ5?U§~Xµ

^ \documentclass[10pt,handout]beamer5)¤ùÂ"

ü«©v*6u\ÀJÌK"\±ÀJ beamerag

ÌK§±gC½Â#ÌK"ë beameraÏ©

beameruserguide.pdf"

4·25c[©Ûã 4.2¥è"

éu¶4Öü«©v \mode<beamer>§·ÀJGoettingen

ÌK§§ò8¹Ü¤Ê¡"ÏLÀ¡£ù~f

æ^ 22 mm¤§Ú(½¡ £©mý¤"À hideothersubsections

w«Ù!IK§w«cÙ!f!IK"éu \mode<trans>Ú

\mode<handout>´§§òÑy3§IO¡þ"

·- \title§\author§\instituteÚ \titlegraphic½Â

IKSN"\title[]Ú \author[] À#N\½Âw«3

GoettingenÌK¡þIKÚö¶"

¡¥IKÚfIKd frame ¸¡·- \section Ú

\subsection5Mï"

¶4.Ü.ÊãI±4\èA©"§Ñy

Ø6\ÀJÌK"

zÜ¡½z¶4SN3 frame¸¥"|^k)l£<Ú >¤

p¡À§ ü«©ª5½ÂAÏv"3ù~f¥§

1Ø¬duëþ <handout:0> w«ùÂª"

Ø¡IK§rïÆÏL·- \frametitle5#

zÜ¡IK"XJI§¦^ block¸±5½ÂfIK§3ù

4.8 Mïü«©v 87

~f¥NyÑ5"5¿Ù!·- \sectionÚ \subsectionØ

3¡SNþ)ÑÑ(J"

L¸¥·- \pause#N\w«L98SN"·

-µ\only!\uncover!\altÚ \temporal§±4\¼Ù¦ü«

J"éõ¹e§\±ÏLk)l¥SN5½ü«J"

ÃØXÛ§ïÆ\Ö beamera© beameruserguide.pdf5¼

¡)"ù÷3¹/mu¥§§Õ

http://latex-beamer.sourceforge.net/

¼#&E"

http://latex-beamer.sourceforge.net/

1ÊÙ êÆã/

Ü©<¦^ LATEXü©"´Ïù«Ø¡SNÚ(

B§LATEXJøl©£ã)¤ã/ÑÑ«kÛ5

"d§þ LATEX*ÐmuÑ5±Ñù"3!¥§·

òÆSÙ¥"

5.1 Vã

picture¸±3 LATEXpOã/"[0ë LATEX

Manual [1]"¡§ù«kîÛ5§'XãÇÚ

»U3éS",¡§LATEX 2ε picture¸Jø

\qbezier·-§/q0L« “quadratic”"Nõ~^X!ý!½

ö]óÑ±^g Bézier-<÷¿Cq§,ùUI

"£êÆO",§XJ«?§óX JavaU^5)¤ LATEX

© \qbezier¬§picture¸¬r"

,3 LATEXpOã/kîÛ5 Ï~'

¡§§´ék^"ù°©Ò´^§âCNÈé§ØI\

ã¡"

÷§X epicÚ eepic£The LATEX Companion [3]pk0¤§½

ö pstricks±üØ picture¸Û§¿/Or LATEXã/õ

U"

cü÷´\r picture¸ØÓ§pstricks÷kgC±

ã¸§pspicture"pstricksr?3u§2A^PostScript"

,§Nõ÷±^5?n;¯K"k´XY-pic§Ù¬ù

§"The LATEX Graphics Companion [4]£ØÚ The LATEX Companion

[3]· ¤p[0þ÷.

LATEX rã/óäU´ MetaPost§ METAFONT Ì)73§

Ód Donald E. Knuth ?"MetaPost ¦^~rêÆ?§

90 êÆã/

ó§METAFONT" METAFONT)¤:ã¡ØÓ§MetaPost)¤´µC

PostScript©§±\ LATEX¥"°0±w A User’s Manual

for MetaPost [15]§½ö°H [17]"

'u LATEXÚTEXã/£ÚiN¤|±[?ØëTEX Unbound

[16]"

5.2 picture¸

By Urs Oswald <[email protected]>

5.2.1 Ä·-

picture¸1 ±ê¡ü·-¥5Mï

\beginpicture(x, y). . . \endpicture

or

\beginpicture(x, y)(x0, y0). . . \endpicture

êi x, y, x0, y0 ´éu \unitlength ó§?Ûÿ£Ø3

picture¸S±¤§Ñ±¦^·-X

\setlength\unitlength1.2cm

5UC"\unitlength%@´ 1 pt"1êé§(x, y)§3©¥ã

/3Ý/«"À1êé§(x0, y0)§Ý/e?

¿I"

1&Ø&d\§picture¸=IIO LATEX 2ε§/m=^0§ÃI1\÷"


5.2 picture¸ 91

õê±ã·-é¡ü«ª

\put(x, y)object

½ö

\multiput(x, y)(∆x,∆y)nobject

Bézier´~"§I^·-

\qbezier(x1 , y1)(x2, y2)(x3, y3)

5x"

92 êÆã/

5.2.2 ã

\setlength\unitlength5cm

\beginpicture(1,1)

\put(0,0)\line(0,1)1

\put(0,0)\line(1,0)1

\put(0,0)\line(1,1)1

\put(0,0)\line(1,2).5

\put(0,0)\line(1,3).3333

\put(0,0)\line(1,4).25

\put(0,0)\line(1,5).2

\put(0,0)\line(1,6).1667

\put(0,0)\line(2,1)1

\put(0,0)\line(2,3).6667

\put(0,0)\line(2,5).4

\put(0,0)\line(3,1)1

\put(0,0)\line(3,2)1

\put(0,0)\line(3,4).75

\put(0,0)\line(3,5).6

\put(0,0)\line(4,1)1

\put(0,0)\line(4,3)1

\put(0,0)\line(4,5).8

\put(0,0)\line(5,1)1

\put(0,0)\line(5,2)1

\put(0,0)\line(5,3)1

\put(0,0)\line(5,4)1

\put(0,0)\line(5,6).8333

\put(0,0)\line(6,1)1

\put(0,0)\line(6,5)1

\endpicture

!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!

"""""""""""""""

###############

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

((((((((

(((((((

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

ã^·-

\put(x, y)\line(x1 , y1)length

5x"·- \lineküëþµ

1. þ§

2. Ý"

þId±eê¤

−6, −5, . . . , 5, 6,

5.2 picture¸ 93

§Ip£Ø 1±§vkúê¤§ã/w«1¥¤k

25UÇ"Ý´éu \unitlength5`"Ýëþ

Rã´RI§Ù¦¹ÑÝ²I"

5.2.3 Þ

\setlength\unitlength0.75mm

\beginpicture(60,40)

\put(30,20)\vector(1,0)30

\put(30,20)\vector(4,1)20

\put(30,20)\vector(3,1)25

\put(30,20)\vector(2,1)30

\put(30,20)\vector(1,2)10

\thicklines

\put(30,20)\vector(-4,1)30

\put(30,20)\vector(-1,4)5

\thinlines

\put(30,20)\vector(-1,-1)5

\put(30,20)\vector(-1,-4)5

\endpicture

-:

1

*

XXXXXXXyCCCCCO

xÞ^·-

\put(x, y)\vector(x1 , y1)length

Þþ'ãî§=Id±eê¤

−4, −3, . . . , 3, 4.

Ip£Ø 1 ±§vkúê¤"5¿üÞþ·-

\thicklinesJ´þ"

94 êÆã/

5.2.4

\setlength\unitlength1mm

\beginpicture(60, 40)

\put(20,30)\circle1

\put(20,30)\circle2

\put(20,30)\circle4

\put(20,30)\circle8

\put(20,30)\circle16


\put(40,30)\circle1

\put(40,30)\circle2

\put(40,30)\circle3

\put(40,30)\circle4

\put(40,30)\circle5

\put(40,30)\circle6

\put(40,30)\circle7

\put(40,30)\circle8

\put(40,30)\circle9






\put(15,10)\circle*1





\endpicture

bej&%'$&%'$behjm "!# "!# &%'$

r u x z

·-

\put(x, y)\circlediameter

x%3 (x, y)»£Ø´»¤ diameter "picture¸

#N»´ 14 mm§ =¦3ùe§Ø´¤k»Ñ

¼"·- \circle*)¤£W¿/¤"

ã¹§\UIÙ¦÷Ï§'X eepic ½ö

pstricks"ù÷[`²ëThe LATEX Graphics Companion [4]"

5.2 picture¸ 95

picture¸k,U"XJ\Øùæ7O£½ö

§S5?n¤§?¿ÚÝ/Ñ±dgBézier©¤"

w~f Graphics in LATEX 2ε [17]±9 Java ©"

5.2.5 ©úª


\beginpicture(6,5)

\thicklines

\put(1,0.5)\line(2,1)3

\put(4,2)\line(-2,1)2

\put(2,3)\line(-2,-5)1

\put(0.7,0.3)$A$

\put(4.05,1.9)$B$

\put(1.7,2.95)$C$

\put(3.1,2.5)$a$

\put(1.3,1.7)$b$

\put(2.5,1.05)$c$

\put(0.3,4)$F=

\sqrts(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)$

\put(3.5,0.4)$\displaystyle

s:=\fraca+b+c2$

\endpicture

HHHHH

A

B

Ca

b

c

F =√

s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)

s :=a + b + c

2

X~¤«§©úª±¦^ \put·-Uì~ª3 picture

¸¥¦^"

96 êÆã/

5.2.6 \multiput \linethickness

\setlength\unitlength2mm


\linethickness0.075mm

\multiput(0,0)(1,0)26%

\line(0,1)20

\multiput(0,0)(0,1)21%

\line(1,0)25


\multiput(0,0)(5,0)6%

\line(0,1)20

\multiput(0,0)(0,5)5%

\line(1,0)25

\linethickness0.3mm

\multiput(5,0)(10,0)2%

\line(0,1)20

\multiput(0,5)(0,10)2%

\line(1,0)25

\endpicture

·-

\multiput(x, y)(∆x, ∆y)nobject

k 4ëþµÐ©:§lée²£þ§éê8Ú±

é"·- \linethicknessûY²ÚRã§ØU

ûãÚ", §T·-ûgBézier"

5.2 picture¸ 97

5.2.7 ý


\beginpicture(6,4)


\multiput(0,0)(1,0)7%

\line(0,1)4

\multiput(0,0)(0,1)5%

\line(1,0)6

\thicklines

\put(2,3)\oval(3,1.8)

\thinlines

\put(3,2)\oval(3,1.8)

\thicklines

\put(2,1)\oval(3,1.8)[tl]

\put(4,1)\oval(3,1.8)[b]

\put(4,3)\oval(3,1.8)[r]

\put(3,1.5)\oval(1.8,0.4)

\endpicture

#" !#

" !#

" !

!

·-

\put(x, y)\oval(w, h)

½

\put(x, y)\oval(w, h)[position]

±)¥%3 (x, y)?!° wp hý"X~¤«§Àë

þ position±´ b, t, l, r§©OL«=±ý/eÜ0!/þÜ0!/

Ü0Ú/mÜ0§X~¤«§ùëê±?1|Ü"

°±¦^±eüa·-µa \linethicknesslength§

,a \thinlines \thicklines"·- \linethicknesslength=é

Y²ÚR£9gBézier¤k^§\thinlines \thicklines

K±ûã!Úý"

98 êÆã/

5.2.8 E¦^ý½Âã/Ýf

\setlength\unitlength0.5mm


\newsavebox\foldera

\savebox\foldera

(40,32)[bl]% definition

\multiput(0,0)(0,28)2

\line(1,0)40

\multiput(0,0)(40,0)2

\line(0,1)28

\put(1,28)\oval(2,2)[tl]

\put(1,29)\line(1,0)5

\put(9,29)\oval(6,6)[tl]

\put(9,32)\line(1,0)8

\put(17,29)\oval(6,6)[tr]

\put(20,29)\line(1,0)19

\put(39,28)\oval(2,2)[tr]

\newsavebox\folderb

\savebox\folderb

(40,32)[l]% definition

\put(0,14)\line(1,0)8

\put(8,0)\usebox\foldera

\put(34,26)\line(0,1)102

\put(14,128)\usebox\foldera

\multiput(34,86)(0,-37)3

\usebox\folderb

\endpicture

ã/Ýf±¦^·-

\newsaveboxname

?1(²§,¦^·-

\saveboxname(width,height)[position]content

?1½Â§¦^·-

\put(x, y)\useboxname

?1?¿gêE±"

5.2 picture¸ 99

Àëê position ^´½Âã/Ýf/e:0"3~¥T

ëê bl§l òe:ã/Ýfe"Ù¦

£ãk tÚ r§©OL«/þ0Ú/m0"

ëþ name² LATEX;ø§«Ù·-£3~¥

¤"ã/Ýf±i@µ3~¥§\foldera^3 \folderb½Â

¥"

du·- \line3ãÝu 3 mmÿØU~ó§¤±

7L¦^·- \oval"

5.2.9 g Bézier


\beginpicture(6,4)


\multiput(0,0)(1,0)7

\line(0,1)4

\multiput(0,0)(0,1)5

\line(1,0)6

\thicklines

\put(0.5,0.5)\line(1,5)0.5

\put(1,3)\line(4,1)2

\qbezier(0.5,0.5)(1,3)(3,3.5)

\thinlines

\put(2.5,2)\line(2,-1)3

\put(5.5,0.5)\line(-1,5)0.5

\linethickness1mm

\qbezier(2.5,2)(5.5,0.5)(5,3)

\thinlines

\qbezier(4,2)(4,3)(3,3)

\qbezier(3,3)(2,3)(2,2)

\qbezier(2,2)(2,1)(3,1)

\qbezier(3,1)(4,1)(4,2)

\endpicture

HHHHHHHDDDDDD

X~¤«§ò© 4^g BézierJØU-<÷¿§

I 8^"Tã2gÐ«·- \linethicknesséY²½R±

9·- \thinlinesÚ \thicklineséãK"T~Ów«µù

üa·-Ñ¬KgBézier§z^·-Ñ¬CX±c¤k·-"

- P1 = (x1, y1), P2 = (x2, y2)Úm1, m2 ©OL«^g Bézier

100 êÆã/

üà:9ÙéAÇ"¥m:S = (x, y)Kdeã§Ñ

x =

m2x2 −m1x1 − (y2 − y1)

m2 −m1

,

y = yi +mi(x− xi) (i = 1, 2).(5.1)

'u)¤7 \qbezier·- Java§SëGraphics in LATEX 2ε [17]"

5.2.10 ]ó

\setlength\unitlength1cm

\beginpicture(4.3,3.6)(-2.5,-0.25)

\put(-2,0)\vector(1,0)4.4

\put(2.45,-.05)$x$

\put(0,0)\vector(0,1)3.2

\put(0,3.35)\makebox(0,0)$y$

\qbezier(0.0,0.0)(1.2384,0.0)

(2.0,2.7622)

\qbezier(0.0,0.0)(-1.2384,0.0)

(-2.0,2.7622)

\linethickness.075mm

\multiput(-2,0)(1,0)5

\line(0,1)3

\multiput(-2,0)(0,1)4

\line(1,0)4

\linethickness.2mm

\put( .3,.12763)\line(1,0).4

\put(.5,-.07237)\line(0,1).4

\put(-.7,.12763)\line(1,0).4

\put(-.5,-.07237)\line(0,1).4

\put(.8,.54308)\line(1,0).4

\put(1,.34308)\line(0,1).4

\put(-1.2,.54308)\line(1,0).4

\put(-1,.34308)\line(0,1).4

\put(1.3,1.35241)\line(1,0).4

\put(1.5,1.15241)\line(0,1).4

\put(-1.7,1.35241)\line(1,0).4

\put(-1.5,1.15241)\line(0,1).4

\put(-2.5,-0.25)\circle*0.2

\endpicture

-x

6y

u

3ã¥§]ó y = coshx− 1é¡üdgBézier©OC

q/±¤"mÜ©ªu: (2, 2.7622)§éAÇm = 3.6269"

5.3 XY-pic 101

2g¦^úª (5.1)§·±O¥m:"O(J (1.2384, 0)Ú

(−1.2384, 0)"ã¥iý]óþ:"Øuz©§éJ

uy"

T~Ñ·- \beginpictureÀëê^"TãÏL¦^

·-

\beginpicture(4.3,3.6)(-2.5,-0.25)

½ÂB/êÆ0Iµ§e£dçÚ:IÑ¤I´

(−2.5,−0.25)"

5.2.11 Ié5


\beginpicture(6,4)(-3,-2)

\put(-2.5,0)\vector(1,0)5

\put(2.7,-0.1)$\chi$

\put(0,-1.5)\vector(0,1)3

\multiput(-2.5,1)(0.4,0)13

\line(1,0)0.2

\multiput(-2.5,-1)(0.4,0)13

\line(1,0)0.2

\put(0.2,1.4)

$\beta=v/c=\tanh\chi$

\qbezier(0,0)(0.8853,0.8853)

(2,0.9640)

\qbezier(0,0)(-0.8853,-0.8853)

(-2,-0.9640)

\put(-3,-2)\circle*0.2

\endpicture

- χ

6β = v/c = tanhχ

t

úª (5.1)Ñü^Bézier:"©|dP1 = (0, 0), m1 =

1Ú P2 = (2, tanh 2), m2 = 1/ cosh2 2(½"c~Ó§ã½Â3

êÆþBI§eI´ (−3,−2)£ç:¤"

5.3 XY-pic

By Alberto Manuel Brandão Simões <[email protected]>


102 êÆã/

xy´±6§ã;^÷"¦^§§I3ó«\þµ

\usepackage[options]xy

optionsÑ\I1\XY-picõU"ùõUÄþûNÁ

ù÷¦^"ïÆ\¦^ all§±4 LATEX1\XY¤k·-"

XY-pic6§ã±3Ì±Ý½ xÙþ§z6§ã

3Ýü¥µ

\begindisplaymath

\xymatrixA & B \\

C & D

\enddisplaymath

A B

C D

·- \xymatrix7LuêÆª¥"ùp§·½ü1ü

Ý"xÑ6§§·I¦^·- \arO\Þ="

\begindisplaymath

\xymatrix A \ar[r] & B \ar[d] \\

D \ar[u] & C \ar[l]

\enddisplaymath

A // B

D

OO

Coo

Þ·-3ÙÑu@üp"ëþ´Þ£uµþ§dµ

e§rµm±9 lµ¤.

\begindisplaymath

\xymatrix

A \ar[d] \ar[dr] \ar[r] & B \\

D & C

\enddisplaymath

A

@@@

@@@@

// B

D C

xé§±½Øëþ"¢Sþ§\±EÓ

5Þ"

\begindisplaymath

\xymatrix

A \ar[d] \ar[dr] \ar[drr] & & \\

B & C & D

\enddisplaymath

A

@@@

@@@@

''PPPPPPPPPPPPPP

B C D

5.3 XY-pic 103

·±±k6§ã§Þ\þI\§I¦^Ê

ÏþIÚeI"

\begindisplaymath

\xymatrix

A \ar[r]^f \ar[d]_g &

B \ar[d]^g’ \\

D \ar[r]_f’ & C

\enddisplaymath

Af //

g

B

g′

D

f ′

// C

Xã¤«§ÒêÆªp¦^þeI"«O3uµþIL

«3/Þþ0§eIL«3/Þe0"r©Þþ

±^ |"

\begindisplaymath

\xymatrix

A \ar[r]|f \ar[d]|g &

B \ar[d]|g’ \\

D \ar[r]|f’ & C

\enddisplaymath

A f //

g

B

g′

D f ′ // C

±%Þ·-´ \ar[...]|\hole"

,¹e§I«©ØÓa.Þ"±§bþI\§½ö¦

^ØÓ*5¢yµ

104 êÆã/

\shorthandoff"

\begindisplaymath

\xymatrix

\bullet\ar@->[rr] && \bullet\\

\bullet\ar@.<[rr] && \bullet\\

\bullet\ar@~)[rr] && \bullet\\

\bullet\ar@=([rr] && \bullet\\

\bullet\ar@~/[rr] && \bullet\\

\bullet\ar@^(->[rr] &&

\bullet\\

\bullet\ar@2->[rr] && \bullet\\

\bullet\ar@3->[rr] && \bullet\\

\bullet\ar@=+[rr] && \bullet

\enddisplaymath

\shorthandon"

• // •

• oo •

• _?/o/o/o/o/o/o/o •

• •

• /o/o/o/o/o/o/o •

• // •

• +3 •

• _ *4 •

• _•

5¿e¡üÌ6§ã«Oµ

\begindisplaymath

\xymatrix

\bullet \ar[r]

\ar@.>[r] &

\bullet

\enddisplaymath

• //// •

\begindisplaymath

\xymatrix

\bullet \ar@/^/[r]

\ar@/_/@.>[r] &

\bullet

\enddisplaymath

• ''77 •

ü^m?»û½ATXÛxÑ"XY-picJøéõ

5UC/G¶[SNëXY-pic©"

18Ù ½ LATEX

8c§$^\¤ÆL·-±ÑUýõêÖöÉ

©"¦+ù©wþØÛ©§§Ìpþü®k5

K§ù5K±¦©N´Ö§Ówå5~Ó·"

, 3¹e§LATEXN¿vkJø·Ü\I·-½ö¸§

½öyk·-)ÑÑÚ\ØÓ"

Ù¥§·òÁÑ#Eâ§$^ùEâ±¬ LATEX

#rZ§±¦ LATEX)¯ØÓÑÑ"

6.1 #ï·-!¸Ú÷

\N®²5¿·3ùÖ¥0¤k·-Ñ¹3Ý/

µp§¿Ñy3Ö¢Ú¥"·¿vk¦^¤I LATEX·-

5¢yù§ ´Mï÷ (package)§¿3Ù¥½Â·¤I

·-Ú¸"y3·±üµ

\beginlscommand

\cidum

\endlscommand

\dum

3ù~f¥§·¦^#¸µlscommand"ù¸KI3

·-±xÑÝ/µ"Ó·¦^·-µ\ci§ù·-K

IÑÑ·-¶i§¿3¢Ú¥V\A^8"\±3Ö¢

Ú¥é·- \dum§,\¬uyk \dum^8§ù^8¥Ñ

¹k \dum·-¤kè"

·Ø2U3Ý/µ¥ü·-§·±tUC

lscommand ¸½Â§5Mï#*"Jl¿?U¤k¦^©

LATEX·-3©i±xµ/'§ù«N´õ"

106 ½ LATEX

6.1.1 #ï·-

ïá\gC·-§±¦^Xe·-µ

\newcommandname[num]definition

Äþ§ù·-küëþ§1 name´\ïá·-¶

¡§1 definition ´·-½Â")Òpëê num ´À§ u

½#·-¤Iëþê8£õ 9¤"XJØÑùëê§%@Ò´

0§Ò´#ï·-Ø?Ûëþ"

e5ü~fkÏ\n)"1~f½Â#·

-µ\tnss"ù·-´éf “The Not So Short Introduction to LATEX 2ε”

"XJ\I3©¥õg¦^Ö¶¡§@o½Âù·-ò´

~B"

\newcommand\tnssThe not

so Short Introduction to

\LaTeXe

This is ‘‘\tnss’’ \ldots

‘‘\tnss’’

This is “The not so Short Introduction to

LATEX 2ε” . . . “The not so Short Introduc-

tion to LATEX 2ε”

e~fü«XÛïáÉëê·-"3·-½Â

¥§IP #1ò\½ëþ¤O"XJ\¦^õëþ§@o±

g¦^ #2!. . .!#9IP"

\newcommand\txsit[1]

This is the \emph#1 Short

Introduction to \LaTeXe

% in the document body:

\beginitemize

\item \txsitnot so

\item \txsitvery

\enditemize

• This is the not so Short Introduction

to LATEX 2ε

• This is the very Short Introduction

to LATEX 2ε

LATEXØ#N\#ïyk·-¶·-"XJ\(¢Iùo

§kAÏ·-;û?nù«¹µ\renewcommand"§¦^

·- \newcommandÓ"

3,¹e§\U¬F"¦^ \providecommand·-"§¤

\newcommand·-Óó"XJ·-®²3§LATEX 2εò¬ww

Ñk@"

?n LATEX·-k5¿¯§ëw1 5±¼

õù¡&E"

6.1 #ï·-!¸Ú÷ 107

6.1.2 #ï¸

\newcommand·-aq§k·-ûïá#¸"ù·-Ò

´ \newenvironment§§Xe¤«µ

\newenvironmentname[num]beforeafter

Ó/§\newenvironment·kÀëþ"3 before¥SNò

3d¸¹©c?n§ 3 after ¥SNò3 \endname

·-?n"

e¡~fü« \newenvironment·-^µ

\newenvironmentking

\rule1ex1ex%

\hspace\stretch1

\hspace\stretch1%

\rule1ex1ex

\beginking

My humble subjects \ldots

\endking

My humble subjects . . .

ëþ num ¦^ª \newcommand·-Ó"LATEXÓy\

Ø¬Ø%#ï¶¸"XJ\(¢F"UCyk¸§\±

¦^·- \renewenvironment§§¦^Ú·- \newenvironmentÓ

"

3ù~f¥^·-ò3)ºµ\rule·-)º±ëw

1 121§\stretch·-)º±ëw1 114§'u \hspace&E

±31 114é"

6.1.3 xmå

Mï#¸§\½N¬xmå 6§ùmå

U)îJ"'X\ïáIK¸§QØg ?Ø

;Xeã ?§3begin¥\\·- \ignorespaces¬¦#¸

Ñ1 beginxmå§ endÒINsç§Ï

·¸(åâm©?n"¦^ \ignorespacesafterend§LATEX

¬3 end?n.§) \ignorespaces"

108 ½ LATEX

\newenvironmentsimple%

\noindent%

\par\noindent

\beginsimple

See the space\\to the left.

\endsimple

Same\\here.

See the space

to the left.

Same

here.

\newenvironmentcorrect%

\noindent\ignorespaces%

\par\noindent%

\ignorespacesafterend

\begincorrect

No space\\to the left.

\endcorrect

Same\\here.

No space

to the left.

Same

here.

6.1.4 ·-1 LATEX

XJ¦â UnixöXÚó§\U¬3¦^Makefilesïá\

LATEX8"@§ ·-1ëêöLATEX5MïÓ°©Ø

Ó´©k"XJre\\©µ

\usepackageifthen

\ifthenelse\equal\blackandwhitetrue

% "black and white" mode; do something..

% "color" mode; do something different..

y3§\±ù5öLATEXµ

latex ’\newcommand\blackandwhitetrue\inputtest.tex’

Äk§½Â·- \blackandwhite§,¦^ input5Ö\¢S©"

MïçÚ©§I½ \blackandwhite false"

6.1.5 gï÷

XJ\½Âéõ#¸Ú·-§\©óÜ©òC

§3ù«¹e§ïá# LATEX÷5¤k\gC½Â·-

6.2 iNÚiÒ 109

Ú¸ò´Ð?nª",\±3©¥¦^ \usepackage·

-5Ú\g½Â÷"

% Demo Package by Tobias Oetiker

\ProvidesPackagedemopack

\newcommand\tnssThe not so Short Introduction

to \LaTeXe

\newcommand\txsit[1]The \emph#1 Short

Introduction to \LaTeXe

\newenvironmentking\beginquote\endquote

ã 6.1: ÷~"

÷ÄóÒ´ò\é©óSN,

©¥§ù©I± .sty("\\\;^·-µ

\ProvidesPackagepackage name

ù·-AT3\÷c¡"\ProvidesPackagew LATEX÷

¶¡l 4 LATEX3\ÁügÚ\Ó÷ÿÑ²w

Ø&E§ã 6.1Ñ÷«~§Ù¥¹·c½Â

·-"

6.2 iNÚiÒ

6.2.1 iNC·-

LATEXâ©Ü6(£Ù!!5!,,¤5ÀJÜ·iNÚi

N"3,¹e§\U¬ÃÄUC©¦îN9Ù"

¤ù8§\±¦^L 6.1ÚL 6.2¥Ñ@·-"zi

N¢SÓ¯K§¿§6u©¤¦^©a9ÙÀ

"L 6.3Ñù·-3IO©a¥ýé pt"

\small The small and

\textbfbold Romans ruled

\Large all of great big

\textitItaly.

The small and bold Romans ruled all ofgreat big Italy.

LATEX 2εAíN«á5´pÕá§ù¿X\

±UCiN E,3iNkoN½öNA5"

110 ½ LATEX

3êÆª¥\±¦îNC·-56òÑêÆª§,Ñ

\~©i"XJ\F"UCêÆúª¤¦îN§LATEXJ

ø,@·-"ëwL 6.4"

¦îN·-ÿ§)Ò (curly braces)üÚ"§

ûïá¤¢|"|õêLATEX·-^"

He likes \LARGE large and

\small small letters.

He likes large and small let-ters.

XJãá3iN^¥(å§@oiÒ·-òUCãá¥1

å"Ïdû©|)Ò ØAT@Ñy"5¿ \par·-

ü~f1"

1\paru1

L 6.1: iN"

\textrm... roman \textsf... sans serif

\texttt... typewriter

\textmd... medium \textbf... bold face

\textup... upright \textit... italic

\textsl... slanted \textsc... Small Caps

\emph... emphasized \textnormal... document font

L 6.2: iÒ"

\tiny tiny font

\scriptsize very small font

\footnotesize quite small font

\small small font

\normalsize normal font

\large large font

\Large larger font

\LARGE very large font

\huge huge

\Huge largest

6.2 iNÚiÒ 111

L 6.3: IO©a¥ýé pt"

size 10pt (default) 11pt option 12pt option

\tiny 5pt 6pt 6pt

\scriptsize 7pt 8pt 8pt

\footnotesize 8pt 9pt 10pt

\small 9pt 10pt 11pt

\normalsize 10pt 11pt 12pt

\large 12pt 12pt 14pt

\Large 14pt 14pt 17pt

\LARGE 17pt 17pt 20pt

\huge 20pt 20pt 25pt

\Huge 25pt 25pt 25pt

L 6.4: êÆiN"

\mathrm... Roman Font

\mathbf... Boldface Font

\mathsf... Sans Serif Font

\mathtt... Typewriter Font

\mathit... Italic Font

\mathcal... CALLIGRAPHIC FONT

\mathnormal... Normal Font

112 ½ LATEX

\Large Don’t read this!

It is not true.

You can believe me!\par

Don’t read this! It is not

true. You can believe me!

\Large This is not true either.

But remember I am a liar.\par

This is not true either. Butremember I am a liar.

XJ\F"UCã$õ©iN§\UAT¦îNC·

-¸"

\beginLarge

This is not true.

But then again, what is these

days \ldots

\endLarge

This is not true. But thenagain, what is these days . . .

ùò¦\læ)Ò¥)øÑ5"

6.2.2 ÔÔ©©§XÁX

XÙmÞQ²`L@§3\©¥$^ù²(·-?

Uª´~x¯§Ïù«ªÚ LATEXÄ:ng"3?

LATEX ©ÿ§©ª5¿r©ÙSÜÜ6Ú*I£©

m"ùÒ¿XXJ\3©Ùõ/æ^,«AÏª5?»

²~¦^&E§\ÒAT¦^ \newcommand5½ÂÜ6µC·

-§¿ÏLù·-5?U&ELª"

\newcommand\oops[1]%

\textbf#1

Do not \oopsenter this room,

it’s occupied by \oopsmachines

of unknown origin and purpose.

Do not enter this room, it’s occupied by

machines of unknown origin and purpose.

ù«äk²w`:§\±3±û½¦^Ø´ékr

º¢yAO*¿¦ØÓu \textbf§@\ÒØIH\©

Ù5éÑ¤k \textbf/§,/(½´ØÚ¤vkr

º*"

6.3 må 113

6.2.3 ïÆ

o(ùÙ¥'uiNÚiÒ·-§e¡´áïÆµ

Remember! The MO RE fonts you use in a document, the

more readable and beautiful it becomes. P4\3©Ù¥

¦îNõ§©Ùwå5Ò*"

6.3 må

6.3.1 1å

XJ\3©¥¦^1å§\±3ó¥¦^Xe·-?1

½µ

\linespreadfactor

X \linespread1.3) 1.51å§ \linespread1.6K)

V1å""¹e1å 1"

5¿ \linespreadJîx Ø·ÜÑó"ÏdXJ\

éUC1åU¬F"¦^Xe·-µ

\setlength\baselineskip1.5\baselineskip

\setlength\baselineskip%

1.5\baselineskip

This paragraph is typeset with

the baseline skip set to 1.5 of

what it was before. Note the par

command at the end of the

paragraph.\par

This paragraph has a clear

purpose, it shows that after the

curly brace has been closed,

everything is back to normal.

This paragraph is typeset with the baseline

skip set to 1.5 of what it was before. Note

the par command at the end of the para-

graph.

This paragraph has a clear purpose, it

shows that after the curly brace has been

closed, everything is back to normal.

6.3.2 ãáª

3 LATEX¥§küëê±KãáÙÛ"3©óÜ©§

±ÏLXe½Â5UCãáÙÛ"

114 ½ LATEX

\setlength\parindent0pt

\setlength\parskip1ex plus 0.5ex minus 0.2ex

ùü·-O\ãámå§¿òÄ1 ? 0"

~f¥§Ý½¥ plusÚ minusÜ©ò¦TEXUì½Ø

ÚÐãámå"¦ãá(w«3¡þ§TEXò3 0.8ex

1.5exmNãámå"

3î³º§ãáÏ~^x©¿Ä1Ø ?"´

5¿´§ù¬K8¹"8¹1å¬C~Õt"

;ù«¹§\UIòþ¡ü·-ló¥£©¥

\tableofcontents±e·Ü §½öØ¦^ù§Ï5

`;Ö7Ñ´^ ?¿Ï~Ø^x5©lãá"XJ\ ?

5vk ?ãá2§±3ãám©¦^·-µ

\indent

,§ù·-k3 \parindentØ"¹eâkJ"

MïØ ?ãá§\±3ãám©Ü©¦^·-µ

\noindent

©±© Ø´Ù!·-m©ÿ§ù·-¬JøB"

6.3.3 Y²må

LATEXXÚgÄû½ücÚéfmål"O\Y²ål§¦^

·-µ

\hspacelength

XJùY²må=¦31Ä½ö1"AT±§^·-

\hspace*O \hspace"·- length ëê3ü¹e´k

ü êi"Ýü 3L 6.5¥Ñ5"

This\hspace1.5cmis a space

of 1.5 cm.This is a space of 1.5 cm.

2 ?Ù!IK1ãá§±¦^ indentfirst"

6.3 mmmååå 115

L 6.5: TEXü "

mm millimetre ≈ 1/25 inch

cm centimetre = 10 mm

in inch = 25.4 mm

pt point ≈ 1/72 inch ≈ 1

3mm

em approx width of an ‘M’ in the current font

ex approx height of an ‘x’ in the current font

e¡·-ò)AÏÝµ

\stretchn

§ò1¿÷"XJü \hspace\stretchn·- uÓ1§@

o§òâ Ïf©m"

x\hspace\stretch1

x\hspace\stretch3xx x x

3©¥¦^Y²måÿ§éuiÒ5Nmå¬k

n"ù±ÏL¦^©k'ü emÚ ex5¢y:

\Largebig\hspace1emy\\

\tinytin\hspace1emy

big ytin y

6.3.4 Rmå

3ãá!!!!!,,mål´d LATEXXÚgÄû½"XJ

7§±3üãmO\ål§¦^·-Xe¤«µ

\vspacelength

ù·-Ï~ûü1m"XJù1åØAT3u

ºÜÚ"§@o¦^ù·-(Ò \vspace*5O \vspace"

·- \stretchÚ \pagebreak(Ü¦^±31ÑÑ©§

±^5y©3¡þRØ¥"

116 ½ LATEX

Some text \ldots

\vspace\stretch1

This goes onto the last line of the page.\pagebreak

Óã½ÓL¥ü1mål±^Xe·-5½µ

\\[length]

¦^·- \bigskip Ú \smallskip \±¼ý½ÂRm

å"

6.4 ¡ÙÛ

LATEX 2ε#N\3 \documentclass·-¥½Üº (paper size)"

,§ògÄÀJÜ·>å"kÿ\UØ÷¿ LATEXý

§ùÿ\±gCUCùëê"ã 6.2¥w«¤kUUC

¡ëê"ùã´^ layout÷)3"

k! ,,3\m©/4ùdÄ¡wå5°:0c§

ksm"Ú LATEX¥õê5½§"¡ÙÛ´kÙ

ÜnÏ"

(¢§éu\MS Word¡5`§§wþ~dÄ"´w

w\UÖ74¿ÚOzIO©1iÎê8"\¬uyz1i

ÎØL 66"y3\ LATEX¡´Xd"²w«§XJ31¥

l\õiÎ§ÖòC(J"ù´Ïú«l1m©£Ä1(

åC(J"ù´Ûü¤õ9/ªÏ"

ÏdXJ\û½O\°Ý§ÞM¥²x\3¦\Öö

E(J" w®²`õ§e5·òw\XÛ,,

LATEXJøü·-5UCùëê"¦Ï~3©ÙóÜ©¦

^"

3macros/latex/required/tools4·`´Rk(ÑûªÑÖ7"

6.4 ¡ÙÛ 117

Header

Body

Footer

Margin

Notes

i8 -

i7

?

6

i1 -

-i3 i10 -

- i9

6

?

i11

i2?

6i46

?

i56

?

i6

6

?

1 one inch + \hoffset 2 one inch + \voffset

3 \oddsidemargin = 28pt 4 \topmargin = 23pt

or \evensidemargin

5 \headheight = 12pt 6 \headsep = 18pt

7 \textheight = 598pt 8 \textwidth = 345pt

9 \marginparsep = 7pt 10 \marginparwidth = 115pt

11 \footskip = 25pt \marginparpush = 5pt (not shown)

\hoffset = 0pt \voffset = 0pt

\paperwidth = 597pt \paperheight = 845pt

ã 6.2: ¡ÙÛëê"

118 ½ LATEX

1·-,ëê½µ

\setlengthparameterlength

1·-,ëêO\Ýµ

\addtolengthparameterlength

1·-¢Sþ' \setlength·-¢^§Ï\±éuy

k5¼¤I(J"©°ÝO\ 1f§·òXe·

-©óµ

\addtolength\hoffset-0.5cm

\addtolength\textwidth1cm

ùÿ§\U¬ww calc§§#N\3 setlengthëþ¥?

1â$"§±$^?Û^ê¼êëþ/"

6.5 kÝ

kU§ÒAT;3 LATEX ©¥¦^ýéÝ"·¿

ÏL¡¥Ù§°Ý½pÝ5½Ý"'Xã/§·½

\textwidth§°Ýl ¦ã/TÐ¿÷¡"

e¡n·-#N\¼©G°Ý!pÝ±9Ý"

\settoheightvariabletext

\settodepthvariabletext

\settowidthvariabletext

e¡~fw«XÛA^ù·-µ

6.6 Ýf 119

\flushleft

\newenvironmentvardesc[1]%

\settowidth\parindent#1:\

\makebox[0pt][r]#1:\

\begindisplaymath

a^2+b^2=c^2

\enddisplaymath

\beginvardescWhere$a$,

$b$ -- are adjoin to the right

angle of a right-angled triangle.

$c$ -- is the hypotenuse of

the triangle and feels lonely.

$d$ -- finally does not show up

here at all. Isn’t that puzzling?

\endvardesc

a2 + b2 = c2

Where: a, b – are adjoin to the right angle

of a right-angled triangle.

c – is the hypotenuse of the

triangle and feels lonely.

d – finally does not show up here

at all. Isn’t that puzzling?

6.6 Ýf

LATEX¦^Ýf5ïá¡"Äk§ziÎÑ´Ýf§ù

ÝfÊ(å5¤üc§ücÊ(å5¤1"5¿´§ücm

Ê(´«AÏY§§´k5§±¦ LATEXØ ½öò¦

ücòTÐ¤¡1"

·«@§ùp£ã´¢S¹4Ýz§':3u

TEXéÝfÚY?1ö"Ø´ki1âU¤Ýf§\A±r?

ÛÀÜ)Ù¦ÝfÝf¥", LATEXò¬?nüi1

?nùÝf"

3LÙ!¥§¦+·¿vk²(`Ñ5§\®²Ý

f"~X tabular¸Ú \includegraphics·-ÒÑ)Ýf"ù

Ò¿X\±tòüL½ã¿"\IyÒ´§

°ÝoÚØu©°Ý"

120 ½ LATEX

¦^Xe·-±rãáÝf¥µ

\parbox[pos]widthtext

½öê¡ù¸¤Ó¯µ

\beginminipage[pos]width text \endminipage

ëê pos±±eiÎ¥ c!t ½ b§ùëêûÝf

é±©ÄRéà"width´ÝëþûNÝf

°Ý"minipageÚ \parbox«O3u\UÃ3 parbox¥¦^

¤k·-½ö¸§ A?ÛÀÜÑ±3 minipage¥¦^"

,\parbox±ãá§¤©13SA¤k¯§LATEX

¥3dØÓ,aÝf·-û?nY²éàá"·®

²Ù¥))\mbox§§´ü/òÙ§Ýf¹3Ýf

p§l LATEXämüüc"ÏÝf¥±¹Ýf§§±

öAÃ(¹5"

\makebox[width][pos]text

width ½Â)¤ÝfÜ°Ý5"ØÝLª§\±D4

\width!\height!\depthÚ \totalheight width"ùA´ÿþÝ

fSÜ©5¼"ëê posÉiÎµc –Ø¥!l –!r –

mÚ s –ò©þ!©ÙÝf¥"

·- \frameboxÚ \makebox¤Óó§ØÓ?3u§3SÜ

©±xÑÝ/µ"

e¡~fü«\¦^·- \makeboxÚ \frameboxU¤

óµ

5ù¿X3ÝfSÜw5§Ýf°ÝU¬§\$±òÝf°Ý 0pt§ù

±¦Ýf¥SNØKÙÜÙÛ"

6.7 IºÚ| 121

\makebox[\textwidth]%

c e n t r a l\par

\makebox[\textwidth][s]%

s p r e a d\par

\framebox[1.1\width]Guess I’m

framed now! \par

\framebox[0.8\width][r]Bummer,

I am too wide \par

\framebox[1cm][l]never

mind, so am I

Can you read this?

c e n t r a l

s p r e a d

Guess I’m framed now!

Bummer, I am too wide

never mind, so am ICan you read this?

y3·®²NoÝfY²Ý§e5Ú½´Æ

SXÛR6"éu LATEX5`§ ´Þ"·-

\raiseboxlift[extend-above-baseline][extend-below-baseline]text

4\U½ÂÝf3R5"3c¡nëê¥§\±¦

^ \width!\height!\depthÚ \totalheight§ù±¦Ýfëê

UÝfSÜ©"

\raisebox0pt[0pt][0pt]\Large%

\textbfAaaa\raisebox-0.3exa%

\raisebox-0.7exaa%

\raisebox-1.2exr%

\raisebox-2.2exg%

\raisebox-4.5exh

he shouted but not even the next

one in line noticed that something

terrible had happened to him.

Aaaaaaargh

he shouted but not

even the next one in line noticed that some-

thing terrible had happened to him.

6.7 IºÚ|

éõc\U5¿ù·-µ

\rule[lift]widthheight

In normal use it produces a simple black box. Ï~§^5ÑÑü

çÚÝf"

6¡==Ý²ÚRÓ$^,,

122 ½ LATEX

\rule3mm.1pt%

\rule[-1mm]5mm1cm%

\rule3mm.1pt%

\rule[1mm]1cm5mm%

\rule3mm.1pt

ù·-±^5)Y²ÚR^"~XIKþ

Ò´^ \rule·-Mï"

«AÏ~f´vk°ÝkpÝIº"3;Ñ¥§ù

¡| (Struts)"§^5y¡,äk(½pÝ

"\±3 tabular¸¥¦^| 5¦,1äkA½pÝ

"

\begintabular|c|

\hline

\rule1pt4exPitprop \ldots\\

\hline

\rule0pt4exStrut\\

\hline

\endtabular

Pitprop . . .

Strut

(å"

ë©z

[1] Leslie Lamport. LATEX: A Document Preparation System. Addison-

Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, second edition, 1994, ISBN 0-201-

52983-1.

[2] Donald E. Knuth. The TEXbook, Volume A of Computers and Type-

setting, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, second edition, 1984,

ISBN 0-201-13448-9.

[3] Frank Mittelbach, Michel Goossens, Johannes Braams, David Carlisle,

Chris Rowley. The LATEX Companion, (2nd Edition). Addison-Wesley,

Reading, Massachusetts, 2004, ISBN 0-201-36299-6.

[4] Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz and Frank Mittelbach. The LATEX

Graphics Companion. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1997,

ISBN 0-201-85469-4.

[5] Each LATEX installation should provide a so-called LATEX Local Guide,

which explains the things that are special to the local system. It should

be contained in a file called local.tex. Unfortunately, some lazy sysops

do not provide such a document. In this case, go and ask your local

LATEX guru for help.

[6] LATEX3 Project Team. LATEX 2ε for authors. Comes with the LATEX 2εdistribution as usrguide.tex.

[7] LATEX3 Project Team. LATEX 2ε for Class and Package writers. Comes

with the LATEX 2ε distribution as clsguide.tex.

[8] LATEX3 Project Team. LATEX 2ε Font selection. Comes with the LATEX 2εdistribution as fntguide.tex.

124 ë©z

[9] D. P. Carlisle. Packages in the ‘graphics’ bundle. Comes with the

‘graphics’ bundle as grfguide.tex, available from the same source

your LATEX distribution came from.

[10] Rainer Schöpf, Bernd Raichle, Chris Rowley. A New Implementation

of LATEX’s verbatim Environments. Comes with the ‘tools’ bundle as

verbatim.dtx, available from the same source your LATEX distribution

came from.

[11] Vladimir Volovich, Werner Lemberg and LATEX3 Project Team. Cyrillic

languages support in LATEX. Comes with the LATEX 2ε distribution as

cyrguide.tex.

[12] Graham Williams. The TeX Catalogue is a very complete listing

of many TEX and LATEX related packages. Available online from

CTAN:/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/catalogue.html

[13] Keith Reckdahl. Using EPS Graphics in LATEX 2ε Documents, which

explains everything and much more than you ever wanted to know

about EPS files and their use in LATEX documents. Available online

from CTAN:/tex-archive/info/epslatex.ps

[14] Kristoffer H. Rose. XY-pic User’s Guide. Downloadable from CTAN

with XY-pic distribution

[15] John D. Hobby. A User’s Manual for MetaPost. Downloadable from

http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/

[16] Alan Hoenig. TEX Unbound. Oxford University Press, 1998, ISBN

0-19-509685-1; 0-19-509686-X (pbk.)

[17] Urs Oswald. Graphics in LATEX 2ε, containing some Java source files

for generating arbitrary circles and ellipses within the picture en-

vironment, and MetaPost - A Tutorial. Both downloadable from

http://www.ursoswald.ch

ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/catalogue.html

ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/info/epslatex.ps

http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/

http://www.ursoswald.ch

¢Ú

\!, 51

", 19

"’, 31

"-, 31

"---, 31

"<, 31

"=, 31

">, 31

"‘, 31

$, 45

$, 45

$, 45

\,, 46, 51

-, 19

−, 19

\-, 18

–, 19

—, 19

., space after, 31

. . . , 21

\:, 51

\;, 51

\@, 31

\[, 45

\\, 17, 36, 37, 39, 116

\\*, 17

\], 45

~, 31

A4 paper, 10

A5 paper, 10

å, 22

abstract, 37

accent, 21

Acrobat Reader, 77

acute, 22

\addtolength, 118

advantages of LATEX, 3

æ, 22

aeguill, 78

\Alph, 30

\alph, 30

amsbsy, 57

amsfonts, 47, 67

amsmath, 46, 49–52, 54, 55, 58

amssymb, 47, 59

amsthm, 56, 57

\and, 33

ansinew, 24

\appendix, 32, 33

applemac, 24

\ar, 102

\arccos, 49

\arcsin, 49

\arctan, 49

\arg, 49

array, 52, 53

arrow symbols, 48

article class, 9

\Asbuk, 30

126 ¢Ú

\asbuk, 30

\author, 33, 82

B5 paper, 10

babel, 18, 22, 23, 30, 31

\backmatter, 33

backslash, 5

\backslash, 4

base font size, 10

beamer, 84–86

\begin, 35, 90, 101

\bibitem, 71

bibliography, 71

\Big, 51

\big, 51

\Bigg, 51

\bigg, 51

\biggl, 55

\biggr, 55

\bigskip, 116

\binom, 49

blackboard bold, 47

block, 86

bm, 58

\bmod, 49

bold face, 110

bold symbols, 47, 57

\boldmath, 57

\boldsymbol, 58

book class, 9

braces, 50

brazilian, 25

calc, 118

\caption, 42, 43

\cdot, 48

\cdots, 51

center, 36

\chapter, 32

\chaptermark, 73

\ci, 105

\circle, 94

\circle*, 94

\cite, 71

CJK package, 28

\cleardoublepage, 43

\clearpage, 43

\cline, 39

color, 84

coloured text, 9

comma, 21

commands, 5

\!, 51

$, 45

$, 45

\,, 46, 51

\-, 18

\:, 51

\;, 51

\@, 31

\[, 45

\\, 17, 36, 37, 39, 116

\\*, 17

\], 45

\addtolength, 118

\Alph, 30

\alph, 30

\and, 33

\appendix, 32, 33

\ar, 102

\arccos, 49

\arcsin, 49

\arctan, 49

¢Ú 127

\arg, 49

\Asbuk, 30

\asbuk, 30

\author, 33, 82

\backmatter, 33

\backslash, 4

\begin, 35, 90, 101

\bibitem, 71

\Big, 51

\big, 51

\Bigg, 51

\bigg, 51

\biggl, 55

\biggr, 55

\bigskip, 116

\binom, 49

\bmod, 49

\boldmath, 57

\boldsymbol, 58

\caption, 42, 43

\cdot, 48

\cdots, 51

\chapter, 32

\chaptermark, 73

\ci, 105

\circle, 94

\circle*, 94

\cite, 71

\cleardoublepage, 43

\clearpage, 43

\cline, 39

\cos, 49

\cosh, 49

\cot, 49

\coth, 49

\csc, 49

\date, 33

\ddots, 51

\deg, 49

\depth, 120, 121

\det, 49

\dim, 49

\displaystyle, 55

\documentclass, 9, 13, 17

\dq, 27

\dum, 105

\emph, 34, 110

\end, 35, 90

\enumBul, 30

\enumEng, 30

\enumLat, 30

\eqref, 46

\EURtm, 20

\exp, 49

\fbox, 19

\flq, 27

\flqq, 27

\foldera, 99

\folderb, 99

\footnote, 34, 43

\footskip, 117

\frac, 49

\framebox, 120

\frenchspacing, 30, 31

\frontmatter, 33

\frq, 27

\frqq, 27

\fussy, 17

\gcd, 49

\headheight, 117

\headsep, 117

\height, 120, 121

128 ¢Ú

\hline, 39

\hom, 49

\href, 81, 82, 84

\hspace, 107, 114

\hyphenation, 18

\idotsint, 52

\ifpdf, 83

\ignorespaces, 107

\ignorespacesafterend, 107

\iiiint, 52

\iiint, 52

\iint, 52

\include, 13, 14

\includegraphics, 70, 79, 83,

119

\includeonly, 14

\indent, 114

\index, 72, 73

\inf, 49

\input, 14

\int, 50

\item, 35

\ker, 49

\label, 33, 46

\LaTeX, 19

\LaTeXe, 19

\ldots, 21, 51

\left, 50, 51

\leftmark, 73

\lg, 49

\lim, 49

\liminf, 49

\limsup, 49

\line, 92, 99

\linebreak, 17

\linespread, 113

\linethickness, 96, 97, 99

\listoffigures, 42

\listoftables, 42

\ln, 49

\log, 49

\mainmatter, 33, 82

\makebox, 120

\makeindex, 72

\maketitle, 33

\marginparpush, 117

\marginparsep, 117

\marginparwidth, 117

\mathbb, 47

\mathrm, 55

\max, 49

\mbox, 18, 19, 21, 120

\min, 49

\multicolumn, 40

\multiput, 91, 96

\newcommand, 106

\newenvironment, 107

\newline, 17

\newpage, 17

\newsavebox, 98

\newtheorem, 55, 56

\newtheoremstyle, 56

\noindent, 114

\nolinebreak, 17

\nonumber, 54

\nopagebreak, 17

\not, 60

\oddsidemargin, 117

\oval, 97, 99

\overbrace, 48

\overleftarrow, 48

\overline, 48

¢Ú 129

\overrightarrow, 48

\pagebreak, 17

\pageref, 33, 76

\pagestyle, 11

\paperheight, 117

\paperwidth, 117

\par, 110

\paragraph, 32

\parbox, 120

\parindent, 114

\parskip, 114

\part, 32

\phantom, 43, 54

\pmod, 49

\Pr, 49

\printindex, 73

\prod, 50

\protect, 43

\providecommand, 106

\ProvidesPackage, 109

\put, 91–95, 97, 98

\qbezier, 89, 91, 100

\qedhere, 57

\qquad, 46, 51

\quad, 46, 51

\raisebox, 121

\ref, 33, 46, 76

\renewcommand, 106

\renewenvironment, 107

\right, 50–52

\right., 51

\rightmark, 73

\rule, 107, 121, 122

\savebox, 98

\scriptscriptstyle, 55

\scriptstyle, 55

\sec, 49

\section, 32, 43

\sectionmark, 73

\selectlanguage, 23

\setlength, 90, 114, 118

\settodepth, 118

\settoheight, 118

\settowidth, 118

\sin, 49

\sinh, 49

\sloppy, 17

\smallskip, 116

\sqrt, 48

\stackrel, 50

\stretch, 107, 115

\subparagraph, 32

\subsection, 32

\subsectionmark, 73

\substack, 50

\subsubsection, 32

\sum, 50

\sup, 49

\tableofcontents, 32

\tan, 49

\tanh, 49

\TeX, 19

\texorpdfstring, 83

\textcelsius, 20

\texteuro, 20

\textheight, 117

\textrm, 55

\textstyle, 55

\textwidth, 117

\thicklines, 93, 97, 99

\thinlines, 97, 99

\thispagestyle, 11

130 ¢Ú

\title, 33

\tnss, 106

\today, 19

\topmargin, 117

\totalheight, 120, 121

\underbrace, 48

\underline, 34, 48

\unitlength, 90, 93

\usebox, 98

\usepackage, 11, 20, 23, 24, 109

\vdots, 51

\vec, 48

\vector, 93

\verb, 38

\verbatiminput, 75

\vspace, 115

\widehat, 48

\widetilde, 48

\width, 120, 121

\xymatrix, 102

comment, 6

comments, 5

\cos, 49

\cosh, 49

\cot, 49

\coth, 49

cp1251, 24

cp850, 24

cp866nav, 24

cross-references, 33

\csc, 49

curly braces, 5, 110

dash, 19

\date, 33

DC font, 18

dcolumn, 40

\ddots, 51

\deg, 49

degree symbol, 20

delimiters, 50

\depth, 120, 121

description, 35

\det, 49

Deutsch, 26

\dim, 49

dimensions, 114

displaymath, 45

\displaystyle, 55

doc, 12

document font size, 10

document title, 10

\documentclass, 9, 13, 17

dotless ı and , 22

double line spacing, 113

double sided, 10

\dq, 27

\dum, 105

eepic, 89, 94

ellipsis, 21

em-dash, 19

\emph, 34, 110

empty, 11

en-dash, 19

Encapsulated PostScript, 69, 79

encodings

font

LGR, 24

OT1, 24

T1, 24, 30

T2*, 30

T2A, 24, 30

T2B, 24

¢Ú 131

T2C, 24

X2, 24

input

ansinew, 24

applemac, 24

cp1251, 24

cp850, 24

cp866nav, 24

koi8-ru, 24, 30

latin1, 24

macukr, 24

utf8x, 24

\end, 35, 90

\enumBul, 30

\enumEng, 30

enumerate, 35

\enumLat, 30

environment, 35

environments

abstract, 37

array, 52, 53

block, 86

center, 36

comment, 6

description, 35

displaymath, 45

enumerate, 35

eqnarray, 53

equation, 46

figure, 41, 42

flushleft, 36

flushright, 36

frame, 86

itemize, 35

lscommand, 105

math, 45

minipage, 120

parbox, 120

picture, 89, 90, 94, 95

proof, 57

pspicture, 89

quotation, 37

quote, 37

subarray, 50

table, 41, 42

tabular, 38, 119

thebibliography, 71

verbatim, 38, 75

verse, 37

epic, 89

eqnarray, 53

\eqref, 46

equation, 46

equation system, 53

eurosym, 20

\EURtm, 20

executive paper, 10

\exp, 49

exponent, 48

exscale, 12, 51

extension, 11

.aux, 13

.cls, 13

.dtx, 13

.dvi, 13

.fd, 13

.idx, 13

.ilg, 13

.ind, 13

.ins, 13

.lof, 13

.log, 13

132 ¢Ú

.lot, 13

.sty, 11

.tex, 8, 11

.toc, 13

fancyhdr, 73, 74

\fbox, 19

figure, 41, 42

floating bodies, 40

\flq, 27

\flqq, 27

flushleft, 36

flushright, 36

foiltex, 9

\foldera, 99

\folderb, 99

font, 109

\footnotesize, 110

\Huge, 110

\huge, 110

\LARGE, 110

\Large, 110

\large, 110

\mathbf, 111

\mathcal, 111

\mathit, 111

\mathnormal, 111

\mathrm, 111

\mathsf, 111

\mathtt, 111

\normalsize, 110

\scriptsize, 110

\small, 110

\textbf, 110

\textit, 110

\textmd, 110

\textnormal, 110

\textrm, 110

\textsc, 110

\textsf, 110

\textsl, 110

\texttt, 110

\textup, 110

\tiny, 110

font encoding, 12

font encodings, 24

LGR, 24

OT1, 24

T1, 24, 30

T2*, 30

T2A, 24, 30

T2B, 24

T2C, 24

X2, 24

font size, 109, 110

fontenc, 12, 24, 30

footer, 11

\footnote, 34, 43

\footnotesize, 110

\footskip, 117

formulae, 45

\frac, 49

fraction, 49

fragile commands, 43

frame, 86

\framebox, 120

French, 25

\frenchspacing, 30, 31

\frontmatter, 33

\frq, 27

\frqq, 27

\fussy, 17

\gcd, 49

¢Ú 133

geometry, 75

German, 23, 26

GhostScript, 69

graphics, 9, 69

graphicx, 69, 79, 84

grave, 22

Greek, 29

Greek letters, 47

grouping, 110

HLATEX, 28

hLATEXp, 28

header, 11

\headheight, 117

textttheadings, 11

\headsep, 117

\height, 120, 121

\hline, 39

\hom, 49

horizontal

brace, 48

dots, 51

line, 48

space, 114

\href, 81, 82, 84

\hspace, 107, 114

\Huge, 110

\huge, 110

hyperref, 77, 80, 83, 84

hypertext, 76

hyphen, 19

hyphenat, 75

\hyphenation, 18

\idotsint, 52

ifpdf, 83

\ifpdf, 83

ifthen, 12

\ignorespaces, 107

\ignorespacesafterend, 107

\iiiint, 52

\iiint, 52

\iint, 52

\include, 13, 14

\includegraphics, 70, 79, 83, 119

\includeonly, 14

\indent, 114

indentfirst, 114

index, 72

\index, 72, 73

\inf, 49

\input, 14

input encodings

ansinew, 24

applemac, 24

cp1251, 24

cp850, 24

cp866nav, 24

koi8-ru, 24, 30

latin1, 24

macukr, 24

utf8x, 24

input file, 6

inputenc, 12, 23, 30

\int, 50

integral operator, 50

international, 22

italic, 110

\item, 35

itemize, 35

\ker, 49

Knuth, Donald E., 1

koi8-ru, 24, 30

134 ¢Ú

Korean, 27

Korean font

UHC font, 28

Korean input files, 27

\label, 33, 46

Lamport, Leslie, 1

language, 22

\LARGE, 110

\Large, 110

\large, 110

\LaTeX, 19

LATEX3, 3

\LaTeXe, 19

latexsym, 12

latin1, 24

layout, 116

\ldots, 21, 51

\left, 50, 51

left aligned, 36

\leftmark, 73

legal paper, 10

letter paper, 10

\lg, 49

LGR, 24

ligature, 21

\lim, 49

\liminf, 49

\limsup, 49

\line, 92, 99

line break, 17

line spacing, 113

\linebreak, 17

\linespread, 113

\linethickness, 96, 97, 99

\listoffigures, 42

\listoftables, 42

\ln, 49

\log, 49

long equations, 53

longtabular, 40

lscommand, 105

macukr, 24

\mainmatter, 33, 82

\makebox, 120

makeidx, 12, 72

makeidx package, 72

\makeindex, 72

makeindex program, 72

\maketitle, 33

\marginparpush, 117

\marginparsep, 117

\marginparwidth, 117

marvosym, 20

math, 45

math font size, 55

math spacing, 51

\mathbb, 47

\mathbf, 111

\mathcal, 111

mathematical

accents, 48

delimiter, 51

functions, 49

minus, 19

mathematics, 45

\mathit, 111

\mathnormal, 111

\mathrm, 55, 111

mathrsfs, 67

\mathsf, 111

mathtext, 30

\mathtt, 111

¢Ú 135

\max, 49

\mbox, 18, 19, 21, 120

METAP OS T, 79, 80

\min, 49

minimal class, 9

minipage, 120

minus sign, 19

Mittelbach, Frank, 1

mltex, 78

mltex, 78

modulo function, 49

\multicolumn, 40

\multiput, 91, 96

\newcommand, 106

\newenvironment, 107

\newline, 17

\newpage, 17

\newsavebox, 98

\newtheorem, 55, 56

\newtheoremstyle, 56

\noindent, 114

\nolinebreak, 17

\nonumber, 54

\nopagebreak, 17

\normalsize, 110

\not, 60

\oddsidemargin, 117

œ, 22

one column, 10

option, 9

optional parameters, 5

OT1, 24

\oval, 97, 99

\overbrace, 48

overfull hbox, 17

\overleftarrow, 48

\overline, 48

\overrightarrow, 48

package, 6, 9, 105

packages

aeguill, 78

amsbsy, 57

amsfonts, 47, 67

amsmath, 46, 49–52, 54, 55, 58

amssymb, 47, 59

amsthm, 56, 57

babel, 18, 22, 23, 30, 31

beamer, 84–86

bm, 58

calc, 118

color, 84

dcolumn, 40

doc, 12

eepic, 89, 94

epic, 89

eurosym, 20

exscale, 12, 51

fancyhdr, 73, 74

fontenc, 12, 24, 30

geometry, 75

graphicx, 69, 79, 84

hyperref, 77, 80, 83, 84

hyphenat, 75

ifpdf, 83

ifthen, 12

indentfirst, 114

inputenc, 12, 23, 30

latexsym, 12

layout, 116

longtabular, 40

makeidx, 12, 72

136 ¢Ú

marvosym, 20

mathrsfs, 67

mathtext, 30

mltex, 78

ppower4, 86

prosper, 86

pstricks, 89, 94

pxfonts, 78

showidx, 73

supertabular, 40

syntonly, 12, 14

textcomp, 20

txfonts, 78

ucs, 24

verbatim, 6, 75

xy, 101

page layout, 116

page style, 11

empty, 11

headings, 11

plain, 11

\pagebreak, 17

\pageref, 33, 76

\pagestyle, 11

paper size, 10, 116

\paperheight, 117

\paperwidth, 117

\par, 110

paragraph, 15

\paragraph, 32

parameter, 5

\parbox, 120

parbox, 120

\parindent, 114

\parskip, 114

\part, 32

PDF, 76

PDFLATEX, 86

pdfLATEX, 77, 84

pdfLATEX, 77

pdfTEX, 77

period, 21

\phantom, 43, 54

picture, 89, 90, 94, 95

placement specifier, 41

plain, 11

\pmod, 49

Português, 25

Portuguese, 25

PostScript, 3, 8, 28, 69, 77, 78, 89,

90

Encapsulated, 69, 79

ppower4, 86

\Pr, 49

preamble, 6

prime, 48

\printindex, 73

proc class, 9

\prod, 50

product operator, 50

proof, 57

prosper, 86

\protect, 43

\providecommand, 106

\ProvidesPackage, 109

pspicture, 89

pstricks, 89, 94

\put, 91–95, 97, 98

pxfonts, 78

\qbezier, 89, 91, 100

\qedhere, 57

\qquad, 46, 51

¢Ú 137

\quad, 46, 51

quotation, 37

quotation marks, 19

quote, 37

\raisebox, 121

\ref, 33, 46, 76

\renewcommand, 106

\renewenvironment, 107

report class, 9

reserved characters, 4

\right, 50–52

right-aligned, 36

\right., 51

\rightmark, 73

roman, 110

\rule, 107, 121, 122

sans serif, 110

\savebox, 98

Scandinavian letters, 22

\scriptscriptstyle, 55

\scriptsize, 110

\scriptstyle, 55

\sec, 49

\section, 32, 43

\sectionmark, 73

\selectlanguage, 23

\setlength, 90, 114, 118

\settodepth, 118

\settoheight, 118

\settowidth, 118

showidx, 73

\sin, 49

single sided, 10

\sinh, 49

slanted, 110

slides class, 9

\sloppy, 17

\small, 110

Small Caps, 110

\smallskip, 116

space, 4

special character, 21

\sqrt, 48

square brackets, 5

square root, 48

\stackrel, 50

\stretch, 107, 115

structure, 6

Struts, 122

subarray, 50

\subparagraph, 32

subscript, 48

\subsection, 32

\subsectionmark, 73

\substack, 50

\subsubsection, 32

\sum, 50

sum operator, 50

\sup, 49

superscript, 50

supertabular, 40

syntonly, 12, 14

T1, 24, 30

T2*, 30

T2A, 24, 30

T2B, 24

T2C, 24

table, 38

table, 41, 42

table of contents, 32

\tableofcontents, 32

138 ¢Ú

tabular, 38, 119

\tan, 49

\tanh, 49

\TeX, 19

\texorpdfstring, 83

\textbf, 110

\textcelsius, 20

textcomp, 20

\texteuro, 20

\textheight, 117

\textit, 110

\textmd, 110

\textnormal, 110

\textrm, 55, 110

\textsc, 110

\textsf, 110

\textsl, 110

\textstyle, 55

\texttt, 110

\textup, 110

\textwidth, 117

thebibliography, 71

\thicklines, 93, 97, 99

\thinlines, 97, 99

\thispagestyle, 11

three dots, 51

tilde, 20, 48

tilde ( ~), 31

\tiny, 110

title, 10, 33

\title, 33

\tnss, 106

\today, 19

\topmargin, 117

\totalheight, 120, 121

two column, 10

txfonts, 78

ucs, 24

umlaut, 22

\underbrace, 48

underfull hbox, 17

\underline, 34, 48

\unitlength, 90, 93

units, 114, 115

upright, 110

URL, 20

\usebox, 98

\usepackage, 11, 20, 23, 24, 109

utf8x, 24

\vdots, 51

\vec, 48

\vector, 93

vectors, 48

\verb, 38

verbatim, 6, 75

verbatim, 38, 75

\verbatiminput, 75

verse, 37

vertical

dots, 51

vertical space, 115

\vspace, 115

whitespace

after commands, 5

at the start of a line, 4

\widehat, 48

\widetilde, 48

\width, 120, 121

Word, 73

www, 20

WYSIWYG, 2, 3

¢Ú 139

X2, 24

Xpdf, 77

xy, 101

\xymatrix, 102

140 ¢Ú