Lesson 1: Jamestown & the Virginia Colony

Jamestown & the Virginia Colony

Key Terms

Joint-stock company

Virginia Company John Smith John Rolfe Cash crop Tobacco

Powhatan House of

Burgesses Bacon’s Rebellion Indentured servant Slavery

What we want to know

Why was Jamestown founded? How did geography impact the

development of Virginia? What was the relationship between

the colonists and the Native Americans?

What allowed Jamestown to prosper? How was self-government developing

in Jamestown?

Motivation for founding Jamestown

Money Promise of gold for King James

& English government Land for small farmers pushed

off their land Land & wealth for younger

sons who couldn’t inherit More than a few of the early

explorers were younger sons on a quest for wealth and fame

Early Efforts at Colonization & theLost Colony of Roanoke

First effort: Newfoundland Roanoke – founded in 1585 by Sir

Walter Raleigh off coast of Virginia Croatoan

Founding of Jamestown

April 1607 Jamestown founded by a group of investors who formed The Virginia Company, a joint-stock company

The goal was to get rich quick. No one was thinking of long-term settlement

Jamestown became the 1st permanent English settlement in the Americas

Founding of Jamestown: The Colonists

The Colonists Most were single men Few had any practical skills like a knowledge

of farming, carpentry, etc. They planned to find gold and return to

England John Smith

Took over the colony in 1608 Pocahontas –Powhatan people help colonists

at first “He who shall not work shall not eat.”

PocahontasRebecca Rolfe

Founding of Jamestown

Conditions were terrible Mosquitoes spread diseases like malaria Colonists died of disease, malnutrition, &

starvation Many spent time looking for gold rather

than storing food & building shelter

Founding of Jamestwon

The “Starving Time,” Winter 1609-160 Only 60 of the 400 colonists survived (attempted

cannibalism) Colonist raided Native Americans to get food & this

increases tensions between the two groups 1610 Remaining colonists try to leave, but are

ordered by back by the new governor, Lord De La Warr

1625 Virginia Company was bankrupt & King James made Jamestown part of the royal colony of Virginia

In 1625 only 1200 out of 8,000 who had come to Virginia since 1607 were still alive

The English & the Native Americans

Relations remained tense & two major wars were fought

European diseases were the worst enemy of the Native Americans

By 1669, only 10% of the original Native American people who lived in Virginia remained

Evolution of Democracy in Virginia

1619 The Virginia Company started the House of Burgesses

Governor appointed men to the H of B, which was the first representative legislature in the colonies

Members had to be male, over 21, and own a certain amount of property

Jamestown & Tobacco

Tobacco was introduced to Europe in the 1580s & a smoking frenzy began

1612 John Rolfe introduced a hybrid tobacco with a smoother taste

By 1700, Virginia exported 40 million pounds of tobacco per year

Impact of Tobacco

Increased the need for land which caused colonists to move west

Increased the need for labor

How to get workers to Jamestown?

Head right system – a person who paid for another persons’ ticket to the new world got 50 acres of land

Indentured servants -- a person who could not afford the journey to America agreed to work for 7 to 14 years

Who were the indentured servants?

3/4s of Chesapeake Bay colonists were indentured servants Young, unskilled males A few were women & children

Masters provided food, clothing, and housing They were treated like slaves 2 out of 5 died before they finished their

indenture Most went to live on the frontier or returned

to England

Bacon’s Rebellion

Ex-indentured servants live on cheap frontier land

They had lots of conflicts with the Native Americans

They paid high taxes and wanted the governor of Virginia to send the army to protect them

Gov. William Berkley (fur trade) refused to send help when fighting between colonists on the frontier & Native Americans in 1676

Bacon’s Rebellion

Nathaniel Bacon led the former indentured servants on a march to Jamestown, capital of the Virginia colony

Bacon and the rebels got control of Jamestown

The governor ran away But Bacon died & the rebellion

ended

Why is Bacon’s Rebellion important?

Using slaves seemed better than indentured servants

Showed power of "common man“ (an important theme in American history)

Lesson 2: The Puritans Settle New England

Massachusetts and Rhode Island

Lesson 2 Vocabulary & Key Terms

Purify Puritans Separatists Plymouth Colony Pilgrims Mayflower

Compact Massachusetts Bay

Colony Port

Electorate General Court Dissenter Roger Williams Rhode Island Anne Hutchinson Treaty Metacom King Philip’s War

The New England Colonies

What We Want to Know

Why did the Puritans settle New England? What type of colony was New England? What was the relationship between the

Puritans and the Native Americans? What kind of government did the New

England colonies have? Why was the colony of Rhode Island

founded? What ended Native American power in

New England? What caused the Salem Witch Trials?

Settlement of the New England Colonies

The Puritans A religious group in England Wanted to “purify” the Church of

England of Catholic rituals Believed in hard work and community

Some Puritans said purifying the church was impossible, so they would have to separate from the Church of England These people were called Separatists

Plymouth Colony & the Mayflower Compact

Separatists called the Pilgrims came to America on the Mayflower. ½ the people on the Mayflower were

Pilgrims ½ were not . Mayflower Compact – document

signed by Pilgrim men. 1st document of self-government in

America Pilgrim men would make laws for all

colonists

Founding of Plymouth Colony

Mayflower Compact

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Founded in 1630 Founded by Puritans as a joint-stock

company Puritans wanted religious freedom

Society in the New England Colonies

Unlike Jamestown, Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay were settle by families

Religion was very important.

Massachusetts Bay Colony Government – The Puritans had town meetings to make

laws and decisions about government Men who owned stock in the Massachusetts

Bay Company could vote Men who belonged to the Puritan church could

vote A large electorate – compared to England The town meetings were an early form of

democracy in America

Religious Dissenters in Massachusetts Bay

In Massachusetts the Church controlled the government

Religious difference were not tolerated Roger Williams disagreed with Puritan Church Williams said

The Puritans should pay Native American for their land

The government shouldn’t punish people for disagreeing with the Puritan church

The Puritans forced Williams to leave MBC and he founded the colony of Rhode Island.

Roger Williams & Native AMericans

Religious Dissenters

ANNE HUTCHINSON

Said Christians didn’t need ministers or the church to interpret the Bible

Hutchinson and her family were forced to leave MBC

(Later Hutchinson & her family were killed by Native Americans.)

Puritans and Native Americans

Native Americans & Puritans made treaties about using the land

Native Americans believed treaties were for a short time

Puritans believed the treaties were forever

In 1637 there was a war between Native Americans and Puritans over land

Puritans won

Puritans and Native Americans

Many Native Americans were poor and had to work for the Puritans and obey Puritan laws

1675 Metacom (King Philip), a Native American leader, started a war against the Puritans

The war was called King Philip’s The Puritans won and the Native

Americans did not challenge (desafio) the Puritans again.

The Salem Witch(Bruja) Trials, 1692

Puritan society was very strict – no cursing, no gambling, long church services, lots of rules to follow

Puritans also had to worry about Indian attacks

Puritan girls had very little power in their own lives

Salem Witch Trials

Salem Witch Trials

1692 young girls began accusing women in Salem of witchcraft (brujeria)

Most people in the 1600s believed in witches

The most important people in town were listening to the girls

19 people were executed for being witches

Finally, the girls accused the wife of the governor

Lesson 3: The Middle Colonies:New York & Pennsylvania

New Jersey & Delaware

The Middle Colonies Key Terms & Vocabulary

Dutch Netherlands Diverse (diversity) Fur Trade Proprietary Quaker Minister William Penn

Tolerance

The Middle Colonies: What we want to know

Why did the Dutch settle the New Netherlands (New York)?

Why did the Quakers settle Pennsylvania

What kind of societies developed in New York and Pennsylvania?

The Middle Colonies: New York

The New Netherlands (New York) were colonized by the Dutch

The Dutch wanted to trade with the Native Americans for furs.

The Dutch let many different types of people settle in New Netherlands, so the New Netherlands had a very diverse population. Germans, French, Scandinavia, free

Africans

The Middle Colonies: New York

In the 1660s, the Dutch colony of the New Netherlands separated the Virginia colony from the New England

England took the New Netherlands from the Dutch.

The English renamed the colony New York

The colony became a proprietary colony.

The Middle Colonies: Pennsylvannia

Quakers were religious dissenters. They believed a church didn’t need a

minister. They did not believe in war.

William Penn was a wealthy Quaker. He wanted to start a colony for Quakers.

The Middle Colonies: Pennsylvannia

Penn’s colony was called Pennsylvania.

Penn had strong beliefs about his colony No slavery Religious tolerance

Fair relations with the Native Americans

Penn let people from France, the Netherlands, Germany, and other countries live in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania was a diverse colony.

The Thirteen Colonies

New Hampshire 1623 Maryland 1634 – founded for

Catholics Connecticut – 1634 Delaware 1638 North Carolina 1653 South Carolina 1663 New Jersey 1664

Home Sweet Home:Georgia

King George III of England gave James Oglethorpe a charter to establish the colony of Georgia

In England in 1700s, people who could not pay debts were sent to jail.

Oglethorpe believed it was better to give people a chance to work and pay their debt

Oglethorpe wanted these people to live in Georgia

Georgia

1736 Oglethorpe established his colony on Saint Simon’s Island. Few debtors actually came No rum and no slaves Georgians saw South Carolinians getting rich from rice

plantations

Lesson 4: England and Her Colonies

Lesson 4 Vocabulary

Marketplace Raw materials Mercantilism Theory Self-sufficient Navigation Acts Parliament

Why did England want colonies?

America provided raw materials Examples? ?

__________________________________________________________________ America was a marketplace for

English manufactured products Mercantilism

Mercantilism

What is mercantilism? An economic theory

What are the goals of mercantilism? To be self-sufficient – a country shouldn’t

depend on other countries for anything To get as much gold and silver as a

country can Is America self-sufficient?

Economic Activities in the Colonies

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES Shipbuilding Rum Fishing Lumber Trade

MIDDLE COLONIES

Furs Wheat Glass Livestock Flax (used to make

linen cloth)

Economic Activities in the Colonies

SOUTHERN COLONIES

Tobacco Rice Indigo Wheat Lumber

Navigation Acts

Colonists were selling some products to other European countries. England didn’t like this.

England’s Parliament passed the Navigation Acts – laws to control colonial trade

Some colonists didn’t like the Navigation Acts

The Southern Colonies

Agricultural economy Cash crop – one grown primarily for sale▪ Examples: tobacco, rice cotton, indigo

Very little industry or diversification Patterns of settlement:

Most Southerners from British Isles or Germans

Plantations & small farms▪ Crops transported to port cities along South’s

many rivers Result: few cities and towns develop

The Southern Colonies: Slavery

Slavery Indentured servants & enslaved Indians

didn’t meet need for labor Colonists turned to African slaves▪ (1690 – 13,000; 1750 – 200,000)

The Slave Trade

African slaves used in West Indies on sugar plantations

Triangular Trade Rum shipped from New England to Africa Slaves shipped from Africa to West Indies Sugar & molasses shipped from W. Indies to

New England Middle Passage – passage from Africa to the

West Indies▪ Enslaved Africans shipped in horrible conditions▪ Up to 20% died on the voyage over

Life in the American Colonies

Began full-time work at 12 Most worked in fields Worked to maintain their culture –

dance, song, stories

The North

The North: Diversified economy

Poor, rocky soil, not good for large farms▪ (Agriculture does well in the Middle Colonies;

e.g. PA) Industries: fishing, lumber, ship

building, rum production Slavery did exist, but it wasn’t that

profitable

The North

Cities and towns developed Education – important in New

England More diverse society – Germans,

Dutch, British, Scandinavians, Jews, Protestants, Catholics

Salem Witch Trials

Young girls accused older women▪ Belief in witches was real▪ Fear of Native American attacks –

preoccupied with death

Probably result of social and class tensions

Ended when girls accused wife of governor of Massachusetts

The Great Awakening

1650s- early1700s Puritan church in decline Puritans prospered and were focusing on

money, not God Half-Way Covenant, 1661▪ Let children of church members join church even if

they couldn’t give required testimony of conversion

1690s – MA had to permit other forms of worship when it became a royal colony

Great Awakening

Jonathan Edwards, Puritan leader tried to revive the Puritan Church

1730s & 1740s – Wave of religious revivals swept colonies▪ Number of colonists in church increased

dramatically▪ New denominations – Baptists, Methodists

Christianity brought to slaves Led to interest in higher education, Ivy

Leagues est.▪ Need for literacy

Great Awakening and Revolution

Focus on individual & human reasoning Questioning of traditional authority

French and Indian War, 1754-1763

________and Britain were competing over the Ohio River Valley (French had settled in Canada for _____ trade) Brits think French giving Native Americans _________.

1754 – GW sent to evict French citizens from part of ORV

GW defeated & had to surrender his fort War________________

1st – French winning British get new Prime Minister who revamped the

army 1763 British defeated French at Battle of _________

French and Indian War, 1754-1763

Treaty of_________ [1763] ended the war Britain got all of North America east of

Mississippi River, including _________ from Spain

(________ – got French lands west of Miss R.)

(_______ – kept a few small islands off Canada)

Native Americans – British harder to deal with than the ____________

Who won the French and Indian War?

Importance of French and Indian War

Proclamation of _____ – no settlement west of Appalachians. If you are there, you _________________

British War ____ – Who is going to pay for the war?

How could this cause problems between the colonies and England?