Imperialism One nation takes control over another nation politically, economically and/or culturally Colonialism Takes control over foreign dependencies When is this justified? Is this ever justified? Why? In 1899, British novelist and poet Rudyard Kipling wrote a poem entitled The White Mans Burden: The United States and The Philippine Islands He urged the US to take on the burden of empire (like the British and other nations had done) This poem came out at the same time as the Philippine-American War and the Treaty of Paris US gained Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines, and Cuba Take up the White Mans burden Send forth the best ye breed Go send your sons to exile To serve your captives' need To wait in heavy harness On fluttered folk and wild Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half devil and half child Take up the White Mans burden In patience to abide To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple An hundred times made plain To seek anothers profit And work anothers gain Take up the White Mans burden And reap his old reward: The blame of those ye better The hate of those ye guard The cry of hosts ye humour (Ah slowly) to the light: "Why brought ye us from bondage, Our loved Egyptian night? Take up the White Mans burden- Have done with childish days- The lightly proffered laurel, The easy, ungrudged praise. Comes now, to search your manhood Through all the thankless years, Cold-edged with dear-bought wisdom, The judgment of your peers! Take up the White Mans burden Send forth the best ye breed Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered fold and wild Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child Increasing Industrial Output, CoalSteel million tons850 million tons million tons6,746 million tons million tons24,216 million tons Industry as a Percent of the Economy AgricultureManufacturing and Mining percent33 percent percent58 percent Image 4 The British Empire 1900 (all orange territories) Feeling of superiority (Social Darwinism) Religious zeal Manifest Destiny Attitude prevalent during the 19 th century period of American expansion The US could AND was destined to stretch from coast to coast (Atlantic to Pacific) Helped fuel western settlement, Native American removal, and the war with Mexico Response to Census of 1880 which noted that the American Frontier has ceased to exist. The Frontier Thesis Frederick Jackson Turner The frontier is a space where individuals and society can be renewed, begin again, and seek out new opportunities. The frontier is what makes America special Increasing Industrial Output, CoalSteel million tons850 million tons million tons6,746 million tons million tons24,216 million tons Industry as a Percent of the Economy AgricultureManufacturing and Mining percent33 percent percent58 percent Producing lots of stuff in factories Need markets & raw materials Increasing Industrial Output, CoalSteel million tons850 million tons million tons6,746 million tons million tons24,216 million tons Industry as a Percent of the Economy AgricultureManufacturing and Mining percent33 percent percent58 percent Competition with Europe (economically & sense of nationalism) National Security Britain had the most colonies around the world, controlled 25% of the worlds land and people Racist attitudes through minimal contacts with Africans non-white races represented a paradigm of racial otherness physically, mentally, culturally different and inferior Need for benevolent guardianship over other nations Alfred Mahans ( ) President Naval War College friendly with TR 1890 The Influence of Sea Power upon History Those with best navys dominated - shipbuilding Bases Caribbean and Pacific Feeling of superiority (Social Darwinism) remember Manifest Destiny? Religious zeal Running out of room (Frontier Thesis) Producing lots of stuff in factories (need markets & raw materials) Competition with Europe (sense of nationalism) National Security Which are justified? Rank them in order How do they justify this? Markets Raw materials National security Desire more land Competition Social Darwinism Culture superiority Economic superiority Political superiority