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ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM
OBJECTIVES
Identify origins and beliefs of fundamentalist movements.
Research major fundamentalist groups.
Articulate arguments for and against the issue of Islamic fundamentalism as a threat.
WARM UP
What caused the Arab Spring movements?
Economic Conditions High unemployment Low minimum wages Inflation (food prices) Class stratification
Political Conditions No democratic values! Lack voice in govt No free speech/assembly Police
brutality/corruption
WHERE ARE THEY NOW?
Present your poster with the rest of the classmates
FUNDAMENTALISM
Political & social movement promoting a return to traditional, or fundamental, interpretation of any religion.
Islamic Fundamentalism or “Political Islam” Est. Shari’a law as foundation of
government Rid society of non-Islamic influence
ORIGINS Islamic empire
eclipsed, dominated, and exploited by West. Frustrated w/politics.
Frustration with rapid social & economic changes.
Western presence in Holy Lands, ME politics, perceived attack on Islam
RELIGIOUSLY MOTIVATED TERRORISM World Gone
Wrong Religion to cope &
guide Tool for social
activism & poly change
Motivate & justify purpose
No Other Option Tried traditional
channels for change, failed
Lack power, voice Hopeless &
frustrated
Cosmic War Against Enemy Good vs Evil (God/Devil) Stakes so high, cause
so virtuous = any means justify ends
Symbolism & Violence Value to target & timing
“Four Cases” Read
From “Responding to Terrorism: Challenges for Democracy” www.choices.edu
ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM & VIOLENCE Most DO NOT
ADVOCATE violence!
Terrorism as form of jihad
Seek to overthrow secular regimes & rulers they regard as un-Islamic
IMPACT ON FOREIGN POLICY
US Concerns Poly & econ
stability
Terror attacks against Western Interests
“Islamaphobia”- Anti-Arab Anti-Muslim, sentiment born out of fear and ignorance
CLOSURE
Do you consider Islamic fundamentalism a threat to US security? Why or why not?
FUNDAMENTALIST GROUPS
Al Qaeda
Beliefs- establishing rule of God on Earth Attaining Martyrdom Purification of ranks
of Islam
Countries- Afgan., Iraq,
Sudan, Pakistan
Gov participation- recognized part of Libya’s rebel gov
Activities- assassinations, bombings, etc
TALIBAN
Beliefs- Sunni, Islam; Shari’a Law
Countries- Afghan., Pakistan
Gov- Diplomatic recognition from Saudi Arabia, Pakistan
Activities- Brutal oppression of women Burning fertile land Bombings
Outside oppostion- US &UK, India, UN
HEZBOLLAH
Beliefs- Shi’ite Muslim
In Lebanon
Gov- few seats, radio & tv networks
Activities- suicide attacks and kidnapping
Outside Oppostion- US- terrorist group UN- request they
disarm
HAMAS
Islamic fundamentalism
Gaza, West Bank in Israel
Palestine Authority rules 2 houses
Activities- suicide bombings, use rockets, and small arms
MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD
Beliefs- strict Quran following Democratic values Activism & Charity Shari’a Law
In Egypt, Bahran, Jordan, Iraq
Power? Not in most countries Egypt
Activities- Poly party control Nat’l effort toward
reform and progress
Outside opposition- question sincerity
ISLAMIC JIHAD
Beliefs- Wants US and allies out
Countries- Lebanon, Palestine
Power- No gov’t powers but control dozens of NGO’s Operate Mosques
and schools
Activities- kidnappings, bombings, suicide bombings