Humans normally have 2 kidneys however, they can function quite normally with 1

This allows kidney transplant to be possible Donating 1 kidney to someone else

First kidney transplant 1954 Peter Bent Brighton donated to his twin

brother who was suffering kidney disease Recipient was able to live another 8 years Donor lived another 50 years

Kidney transplant is a very long process Must find a match where

Blood type, antigen type and cross match all match

If your blood type is: You can donate to these blood types:

TYPE O TYPE O, A, B, AB

TYPE A TYPE A, AB

TYPE B TYPE B, AB

TYPE AB TYPE AB

Blood types must match Different blood types have anti-bodies against other blood types

HLA Typing HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen Antigens are proteins on the cells in the body six that have been shown to be the most

important in organ transplantation Of these six antigens, we inherit three from each

parent Very rare to find a match of all 6 antigens (1 in 100

000) Can still reject kidney even with a match of 6

antigens

Cross Matching Blood from the donor and recipient are mixed If the recipient’s cells attack and kill the donor

cells, the crossmatch is considered positive. This means the recipient has antibodies “against”

the donor’s cells. If the crossmatch is negative, the pair is

considered compatible. https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=h5NyHVjROj0

Any ethical issues? https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=Ur7WRvh_un4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-

tcAFhAfC2k https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a-

zDqtjRMok

Two needles are inserted into blood stream Plastic tubes attached to these needles

connect them to a special filter called a dialyzer or artificial kidney

The blood leaves your body via one needle, and is pumped through the dialyzer.

There is an artificial membrane in the dialyzer. It removes wastes and extra fluid.

The clean blood is then returned to your body via another needle or port inserted into your fistula, or through a tube into your vascular access catheter.

Both needles are removed at the end of the session. Only a small amount of blood (about 200ml or less

than 1 cup) is outside your body at any one time. Hemodialysis usually needs to be performed three

times a week. Each treatment takes 3 to 6 hours. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQKQ4eoKfTg