Upload
earl-dixon
View
216
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
How might the ideals of the
Renaissance contribute to Exploration? Classical Learning- Renaissance society had
wanted to learn more Worldly Pleasures- Focused on living in this
world; enjoying what the world had to offer was a way to accomplish this
Celebration of the Individual- Glory for explorers (& eventually nations)
Renaissance on the High Seas?
The “3 G’s” of Exploration: Gold: Search for Profits
Begins with the search for Spices and grows to other elements (gold/silver, cotton, coffee, etc.)
Cut out Arab/Turkish middlemen by going straight to the source
Could make a lot of $$$ Exploring the Seas Glory
Have one’s name remembered forever… eventually turned into a source of national pride
God: Spread Christianity Sacred duty to convert all non-believers
Why Explore the Sea? The Motivations
Caravel: A Faster
Ship constructed frame-
first and covered with planks fitted flush to one another.
carried three or even four masts with lateen (square or triangle) sails
How to Explore? New Technologies
Astrolabe:
ancient astronomy tool used to map stars and planets. Renaissance seamen used it for navigation by measuring the angle of the sun or stars.
More New Technology!
Magnetic compass: aligns with the Earth’s magnetic north-south poles. Mariners used it (and still do to today) to chart their courses and indicate direction.
Wait, There’s More!
Portuguese: Prince Henry
Sponsored school of navigation Expand his Christian Kingdom Quest for wealth
Africa (mid 1400’s) Gold & Ivory Established trading ports on Gold Coast & West
Africa African Slaves: ideal source of labor after plague
60 years—50,000 African Slaves
First Nautical Explorers
Bartholomew Dias (1488)
Navigates the southern tip of Africa; Cape of Good Hope
Vasco da Gama July 8, 1494 leave for India 10 months later arrives Calicut,
India Returns with cinnamon & pepper
in 1499 to heroes welcome—gets $$$
Leads to agreement with Arabs for exclusive trade rights in Indian Ocean, China, and the Spice Islands (Indonesia)
Portuguese Explorers
Christopher Columbus
Helped to propel Spain into the forefront of European exploration, conquest, & settlement
Amerigo Vespucci North & South America named after him
Vasco Nunez de Balboa Claims Pacific Ocean for Spain
Ferdinand Magellan 1519-1522 Travels around the world Proves globe was bigger than thought;
Americas are separate continents
Spanish Explorers
Many explorers (Columbus incl.) were trying to
find an alternate route to Asia (China/India) Instead of going East, we can go West to get to
Asia. Explorers believed there was a water way that led
to Asia. Named The Northwest Passage, this mythical body of water was believed to: 1. Go directly from Europe to Asia
later, after Americas discovered…
2. Connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans– Unfortunately, it did not exist, and North America
stood in their way…what links the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans today?
Northwest Passage
Spain vs. Portugal Pope Alexander VI and later Julius II
demands both countries sign Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
Line of Demarcation defined what territories was Spanish and Portuguese in the New World West= Spain East= Portugal
Who Get’s What?
Following Treaty of Tordesillas, other European
nations race to cash in on the New World In defiance of Spanish/Portuguese monopoly
England & France explore North America in search of NW Passage, spices, and gold…later furs, fishing, & to convert the Indians to Christianity John Cabot (1497) claims island of Newfoundland
(east coast of Canada) for England Jacques Cartier (1534) claims St. Lawrence River
and surrounding areas (Quebec/Great Lakes) for France
…Not So Fast!
Exploration of Africa begins with Dias
and De Gama Search for profit: Africa was a region
rich in resources (gold, ivory, salt, etc.) 16th century: Establishment of
plantations and Slave Trade What was the effect on the African
continent?
Exploration of Africa
Columbus begins in 1492: Search for
route to India and eventually the NW Passage
Establishment of Spanish and Portuguese colonies
Conquest of ancient Indigenous American civilizations Aztecs (Cortes) Inca (Pizarro)
Exploration of Americas
Spanish-Dominated colonial
structure/Hierarchy of Power (why would they do this?) Peninsulares – people born in Spain Creoles – American-born descendants of
Spanish settlers Mestizos – Native/European descendants Mulattoes – African/European descendants
Treatment of Indigenous Population Spread of Christianity
Latin American Colonial Life
Europe dominates much of the world
from 1500 to 1900 Connection of African, American, Asian,
and European economies and politics Trade (sharing of ideas), Different foods
introduced to Europe (Corn/Maize, Fruits, Potato) helped end famine in both ends of the world.
Advancement of Western Civilization… precursor to the United States.
Consequences of Euro Exploration
Epidemics (Diseases that spread
quicker than they can be cured): Small Pox, Influenza. These diseases were devastating to the people of the Americas because the Indigenous (Native) population had not yet built immunities to the diseases.
Indigenous Population of the Americas in 1492: 54-100 million. Indigenous Population of the Americas in 1750: Less than 500,000
Consequences of Euro Contact with Native
Americans
Encomiendas: System of forced labor
indigenous Americans had to endure…horrible working conditions
Atlantic Slave Trade: Triangular Trade between Europe,
Africa, Americas Middle Passage (2 million die in transit) 9-11 Million Africans Come to Americas
Social and Economic Consequences