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الرحيم الرحمن الله بسم
GIT Diseases
ByDr. Ghada Ahmed
Lecturer of PathologyBenha Faculty of Medicine
Objectives Discuss different
diseases of the esophagus
Hiatal herniaEsophgeal
varicesEsophagitisBarrett’s
esophagusTumors Causes of
dysphagia
Discuss different diseases of the stomach
Pyloric stenosisGastritis Gastric ulcersTumorsCauses of
haematemesis
III. Esophagitis
Causes: Reflux Gastric intubationIngestion of irritant substanceInfection (viral, bact, fungal)Cytotoxic/ radiation ttt
V. Esphageal tumors
Esophageal tumors
Benign
Epithelial Mesenchymal
Malignant
Epithelial Mesenchymal
Carcinoma of the esophagus
Squamous cell carcinoma (90%):
PFSitesMorphology
Adenocarcinoma
PFSiteMorphology
Pathogenesis of peptic ulcer
Damaging forces:
e.g. H.pyloriGenetic, hormonal
EnviromentalStress
Mucosal defenses:
MucinBicarbonate secEpithelial barrier
Complications Bleeding (hematemesis- melena)
Perforation
Fibrosis----- (stenosis)
Malignant transformation
IV. Tumors of stomach
Benign
Epithelial :
Adenoma
Mesenchymal
Leiomyma, fibroma, lipoma,
GIST
Malignant
Epithelial: *Adenocarc. *Mucinous carcinoma, *Signet ring carcinoma,
*Undifferentiated carcinoma
Mesodermal
Lymphosarc.Carcinoid
LymphomaGIST
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST)
Definition:(interstitial cells of Cajal)
Age > 40 ysSites 60% gastricMorphologyEffects
Gastric carcinomaIncidence old male gp A
Aetiology:
PF : Diet as nitrates Dried salted fish& meat Decreased intake of fresh veg& fruits:
Precancerous lesions(gastritis- ulcer- polyp)
Spread & metastasesDirect spreadLymphatic spreadBlood spreadTranscoelomic spread
Effects & Complications(bleeding-obstruction-
hypoHCL- cachexia)
Haematemesis
Local causes
1- esophgeal 2- gastric 3-
duodenal
General causes
Blood diseases &
vitamin def.