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Genetics and Punnett Squares

+Heredity

Passing of traits from parent to offspring

(meaning what you look like, personality, etc comes from your family)

+Trait

a distinguishing characteristic or quality, especially of one's personal nature

Meaning eye color, plant leaf shape, your chin having a dimple, how long a dog’s fur is, etc

+Dominant Allele

Allele is the trait

Dominant means more common/ powerful so it COVERS over other alleles

Shown with CAPTIAL LETTER

+Recessive allele

Allele means trait

Recessive is less common meaning it is more likely to be covered example: blue eyes

Shown with lower case letter of the dominant letter

+Hybrid

Think about hybrid cars both gas and electric

Hybrids are something new for example: mule’s do not exist in nature they are a donkey and a horse

+Probability

Chance of something happening

Genetics uses Punnett’s to predict this. They predict offspring traits

Easiest Punnett’s are in four so you have a 25% chance per box

+Heterozygous

Two different alleles

+Homozygous

Two of the same alleles

+Co-dominance

Neither is dominant or recessive so the offspring are new

Example: Red mom white dad (flowers) the offspring will have pink petals 100% new

+How to start a Punnett?

Draw a box with four parts

Red to find the clues

The rabbits are dominant for red fur. The father is homozygous dominant and the mother is heterozygous

+Next step

The rabbits are dominant for red fur. The father is homozygous dominant and the mother is heterozygous

The letter is always the dominant trait. So in this case we will use R. SO go to our notes that means father is the same both big so RR and the mother is different R r (little r is recessive)

+Continued

Male across the top R R

Female down the left side R r

+Shown on board

Look at #3 on your worksheet

+Practice

Mice are dominant for black hair and recessive for pink hair. The dad is homozygous recessive and the mom is homozygous dominant. Find % chance of offspring

+Practice Two

Moose are dominant for purple spots and recessive for no spots the father is heterozygous and the mother is homozygous recessive what are the chances the babies will have spots?

+Co-dominance Pratice

Mother pig is black and the dad pig has white spots. What will the babies have?

+GT

Sex linked