..

386 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENAT}4. JANUARY 10,

By Mr. GOODE : The petition of George Smith, for :1 pension-to the Committee on Invnlid Pensions.

By Mr. JAMES: The petition of Mrs. E. Elliott :md 20 other ladies, of Heuvelt~n, New York, for such legislation as will make effective the anti-polygamy bw of 1862-to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Also, the petition of :Mrs. Y. F. Clemson and 25other ladies, ofWad­dingtpn, New York, of similar import-to the same committee.

By Mr. JONES of Ohio: The petition of Willard Comly, against the extension of McKay & :Mathie's sewing-machine patent-to the Committee on Patents.

By Mr. KETCHAM: The petition of Mrs. J. C. Hoyt and 19 others, of Garrison's, New York, for the enforcement of the anti-polygamy law of 1862--to the Committee on the Judiciary.

By Mr. KIDDER: The petition of Oscar P. Kemp and others, for ~ new land office in the Territory of Dakota, near Kampesk::t-to the Committee on Pablic L:mds.

Also, the petition of D. C. Thomas and others, of similar import-to the same committee. .

By Mr. LAPHAM: The petition of Willard Comly; against the ex­tension· of the McKay & Mn.thie's sewing-machine patent-to the Committee on Patents.

Also, the petition of ladies of Dansville, New York, for legislation that will ma.ko effective the :mti-polygamy law of 1862-to the Com­mittee on tho Judiciary.

By Mr. LATHROP.- The petition of Mrs. Jennie Caldwell and 118 other women, of Geneva, Illinois, of similar import-to the same committee.

By Mr. McGOWAN : The petition of Vorina Miller, and !)5 others, 'Of Barry County, Michigan, of similar import-to the same committee.

Also, the petition of Hon. George Willard and 30 others, citizens of •Calhoun County,. Michigan, for legislation to prohibit the adultera-­tion of sugars and other sweets-to the Committee on Commerce.

By Mr. MONEY: The petition of J. R. Howard, for compensation ·.for services rendered the United States in the TreMury Department­to the Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury Department.

By Mr. MONROE : The petition of Mrs. Lydia Johnston and 131 !ladies of Rochester, Ohio, for legislation to make effective the anti­l!>Olyga.my la.w of 1862--to the Committee on the Judiciary.

By Mr. OVERTON: The petition of Mrs. Mary Oliver and 37 other 'Women, of Wyoming and Luzerne Counties, Pennsylvnni..'l, of similar import-to the same committee. •

By Mr. POTTER : The petition of women of Westchester County, New York, of similar import-to the same committee.

Also, the petition of Fr:mces E. Fry, for arrears of pension-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

Bv Mr. PRICE : The petition of the Women's Christian Temperance Union and other citizens of Iowa, for a. commission of inqmry con­cerning the alcoholic lif)_uor traffic-to the Committee on the Judi-ci~ .

By Mr. REED: The petition of Armine P. Rowe and other women, of'Baldwin, Maine, for legislatioJl to make effective the anti-polygamy law of 1862-to the same committee.

By Mr. RICE, of Massachusetts: The petition of Willard Comly and others, citizens of W estborou~h, Massachusetts, against the extension of the McKay & Mathie sewmg-machine patent-to the Committee

· on Patents. By Mr. RYAN: The petition of Cynthia Miller a.nd others, for legis­

lation to ma.ke effective the anti-polygamy law of 1862-to the Com­mittee on tho J udicin.ry.

By Mr. SAPP: The petition of the p38tor and 26 women, members of the Presbyterian church at Mount Ayr, Iowa, of similar import­to the same committee.

Alsa, the petition of 42 women, members of tho Methodist church at Mount Ayr, low::., of similar import-to the same committee.

:Also, the petition of all the nationa.l b:mks of tho ei~hth congres­sional district of Iowa, for the repeal of the law authonzing a tax on deposits-to the Committee of Ways :md Means.

By Mr. STEW ART : Memorial of ::. committee of the lake improve­. ment convention held at Saint Paul! Minnesota, December 18, 1878,

for the improvement of the great bites-to the Committee on Com-merce. .

Also, the petition of citizens of Lacqui, Minnesota, for a post-route from Lacqui to Canby, via Cerro Gordo, Minnesota-to the Commit­tee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. ' By Mr. STONE, of Iowa: The petition of the city and Board of Trade of Burlington, Iowo., for an appropriation for the improvement of the harbor of Burlington-to the Committee on Commerce.

Also, the petition of Mary Ella. McCalla. S. J. Risk, :md 125 other women, of Jefferson County, Iowa, for such legislation as will make effective the anti-polygamy law of 1862-to the Committee on the Judiciary.

By Mr. TIPTON: Papots relating to the claim of Dr. Macy E. W a.lker-to the Committee on War Claims.

By Mr. WILLIAMS, of Wisconsin: The petition of Rev. John Bramer and 38 others, of Spring Prairie, Wisconsin, for legislation to make effective the anti-polygamy law of 1862-to the Committee on· the-Judiciary.

By .Mr. WILLITS: The petition ofMrs. Myrta Harris and 45 other women, of South Litcllfield, Michigan, of similar import-to the same committee.

Also, the petition of Mrs. C. W. 'Holmes and 54 other women of Palmyra, Michigan, of similar import-to the same committ-ee. '

Also, the petition of Mrs. A. C. Voorhies and 327 other women of -Saline, Michigan, and vicinity, of similar import-to the same c~m­mittee.

Als_o, the pet!tion of George. B. Smith and 49 others, of Otb. wa Lake, Michigan, a~amst such a tariff on the lower grades of su"'ar as will prohibit therr importation-to the Committee of Ways an~l Means.

Also, the petition of G. H. Gilman and 48 others, coopers for su"'ar refiners of Riga, Michigan, of similar import-to the same commit~.

By Mr. WRIGHT: The petition of John A. Steiner, for an increase of pension-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

Also, the petition of S. T. Wilson and 570 others, citizens of Altoona Pennsylvania, for the passage of Mr. WRIGHT's supplement to th~ homestead bill, or some other measure of like relief-to the Commit­tee on Public Lands.

IN SENATE. FRIDAY, January 10, 1879.

Prayer by the Chaplain, Rov. BYRON SUNDERLAND, D. D. The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved.

EXECUTIVE COIDIIDUCATION. The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communication

from the Secretary of War, transmitting, in response to a resolution of the Senate of December 91 1878, a statement of amounts and rates paid by disbursing officers ot the Quartermaster's Department to the Oregon Steam-Na.vigation Company for Government transportation and hire of steamboatA on the Colombia River and its tributaries; which, on motion of Mr. MITCHELL, was referred to the Committee on Railroads, a.nd ordered to be ptinted.

PETITIONS Al\"'D MEMORIALS.

Mr. DAVIS, of illinois, presented the petition of Thomas J. Bigford and others, of lllinois, praying for the passage of the bill (H. R. No. 42:~) granting arrears of pensions· which was ordered to lie on tho table.

He also presented a memorial of wholesale grocers and deruers in sugar, of Chicago, lllinois, remonstrating against the recommendntion of the Secretary of the Treasury that high-grade and low-grooe sugars be admitted at a one-rate duty; which was referred to the Comlllit­tee on Finance.

Mr. MATTHEWS presented the petition of M. J. C'l.mpbell and others, citizens of Montgomery County, Ohio, praying for the prompt passage of the bill (H. R. No. 4234) granting arrears of pensions; which was ordered to lie on the table.

Mr. KERNAN. I present four memoria.ls of different parties, simi­lar in character, remonstrating against the passage of the bill (S. No. 1330) to q oiet title of settlers on Des Moines River lands, in the State of Iowa, and for other purposes. These memoria.ls n.re from people in New York State and some in Maasa.choaetts. The bill having been reported, I move that the memoria.ls lie upon the table.

The motion was agreed to. Mr. KERNAN presented a memorial of Williams & Guion and othe!S,

merchants and ship-owners, in favor of the passage of House bill No. 3547, to reguhte interstate commerce and prevent unjnst discrimi­nation by common carriers; which was referred to the Committee on Commerce.

He a.lso presented the petition of Dr. Marr E. )V:nJker, late acting assistant surgeon United States Army, praymg to be allowed a pen-sion; which was referred to the COmmittee on Pensions. :

Mr. KERNAN. I have received a resolution passed by the senn.te of the State of New York. It is short, and I ask that it be read.

The VICE-PRESIDE~""T. It will be reported :1.t length. The resolution was read, as follows:

STA.TE OF NBW YoRK, In Senate, .Albany, January 7, 1879.

hi~~~u~· !!:Jf!c~~~~!~·~~~~~~~~~r!:8a¥uWi~ tgJ~ arsenals; to sell all the arsen.'l.ls, which thus become unneoeSSI\ry, and hereafter to pnrchase ordnance n.n.d ammunition from private manufacturel'S only! Therefore,

Be&ol'Jed, That the Senators od :Representatives of this State in Congre88 be re­qu~ted to oppose the P3&_8g_e of said bill, or at least the portions relating to the Ordnance department, Unir.eu States arsenals, and ordnance stores.

By order: JOHN W. VROOMAN, Olerk.

The resolution w-as ordered to lie on the table. Mr. ARMSTRONG presented tb,e petition of 0. P. Riley :1.nd others,

citizens of Plattsburgh, Missouri, prayin~ for the passage of the bill (H. R. No. 4234) granting arrears of pensions; whioh wns ordered to lie on the table.

Mr. HARRIS presented the petition of Levi L. Fancher :md 77 others, of Tennessee, praying for the passage of the bill (H. R. No. 4234) grant­ing arrears of pensions; which waa ordered to lie on the table.

Mr. HARRIS. The Public Health Association of America, at its session in Richmond, Virginia, in November last, adopted a l'Osolutiori appointing ::.committee to memorialize Congress for the publicn.tion of an index to the medicallibrncy. As the memorial is short :1.ud upon

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1879. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 387 a subject of ~eneral interest, I aak that it may be read and referred to the Commtttee on Printing.

The VICE-PRESIDENT. It will be reported. The memorial was referred to the Committee on Printing, and reaa,

as follows: · To the h01torabk the Sena.te and House of .Representatives

• of the United States in Oongress a~sembled : This memorial respectfully showeth that at the recent meeting of the American

Public Health Association, held at Richmond, Virginia, November 19 and 22, 1878, the following preamble and resolutions were unanimously adopted:

"Wbereas there has been formed at Washington, under the direction of the Snr­~eon General, United States Army, one of the most valuable medical and sanitary libraries in the world ; and

" Whereas there has been prepared und&' the same direction the manuscript of an index catalogue of this library, which, if published, would more than double the pra{}tical utility of the collection, and would be of the greatest value to all medical men and sanitarians eve• if the librarY itself were not in existence: Therefore,

" Be it resolved., That a committee of five be appointed to urge upon Congress the immeeiat.efpublication oi this catalogue, setting forth that suCh publication, in the opinion of this association, is one of the most important steps which can be taken by the General Government to :promote the interests of sanitary science and aid inves.tigation into the causes and prevention of diseases."

In accordance with the abovet·esolutions, the following committee was appointed: Drs. R . W. Mitchell, Memphis, Tennessee, (chairman;) H.· I. Bowditch, Boston, M~s.ac~OB~tt!l.i S.M. Bem1ss, ~ew ~l~s, Louisiana ; Wirt .Johnson, .Ja{}kson, Miss18S1pp1; .u. B. Baker, Lansmg, Michigani E. H. James, (secretary.)

We the undersi~ed, having been duly appomted to act as the committee referred t o in these resolutions, do therefore, in the name of the American Public Health As­sooiation, and in behalf of the interests of sanitary science in this and other coun­tries, respectfully but urgently request that you will ·authorize and direct the publication of the catalogue referred to with the least possible delay. The informa­tion which it contains is of verygreatimportanooto all classes ofpoople because it will aid all who are laboring for the promotion of either individual or public health. It is information which cannot otherwise be obtained, and its publication by the GovernnJent is a duty the early performance of which will tend greatly to promote the cause of public health and prosperity in this country.

R. W. MITCHELL, 1L "l>., Memphis, 'tennessee, (chairman,) H. I. BOWDITCH, M. D., Boston, Massachusetts, S.M. BEMISS, M.D., New Orleans, Louisiana, WIRT .JOHNSON'-M. D., .Jackson, MissisRippi, H. B. BAKER, M. .u., Lansing, Michigan,

Oommittee. Mr. CONKLING. I present the petition of Eliza. J. Hughesj another

petition of Catharine M. Brownell; and still another of Lysander Brooks, citizens of the State of New York, praying for pensions. I move their reference to the Committee on Pensions.

The motion was agreed to. Mr. CONKLING. I present also a resolution of the senate of the

State of New York remonstrating ag~inst the paasage of the bill to reorganize the Army. Being a resruution of the senate of New York, I ask that it be read. ·

'Fhe VICE-PRESIDENT. It has· just been .read upon the request ()f the Senator's colleague.

Mr. CONKLING. Then I do not ask to have this copy read. I was not aware it had been read. ·

The VICE-PRESIDENT. The resolution will lie on the table. Ml-. CONKLING. I present also the memorial ef Ira Davenport, a

citizen of Steuben County, in the State of New York, protesting, for very well-stated and cogent reasons, against the passage of Senate bill No. 1330, being a bill heretofore reported from the Committee on Public Lands, which bill, according to its title, is to quiet the posses­sion and ownership of a large body of land in the State of Iowa. This memorialist thinks, as others do, that the effect of the bill would be not to quiet the title but to work very manifest and grievous in­justice. The bill has been reported, is on the Calendar, and I suppose this memorial ought to lie on the table.

The VICE-PRESIDENT. It will be so ordered. Mr. WINDOM presented the petition of B. F. Farmer and others,

citizens of Spring Valley, Minnesota, and the petitien of P. E. Liddy and others, citizens of Minnesota, praying for the passage of the bill (H. R. No. 4234) granting arrears of pensions; which were ordered . to lie on the table.

Mr. ROLLINS P.resented the petition of Ellis Copeland and others citizel!B of Washington, New B~mpshire, praying f~r the passage of the bill (H. R. No. 4234) granting arrears of pensiOns; which was <>rdered to lie on the table. . Mr. McMILLAN presented the petition of E. J. Cutts and others citizens of Minnesota, praying for the pa-ssage of the bill (H. R. No: 4234) granting arrears of pensions; which was ordered to lie on the table.

Mr. WALLACE presented the petition of Solomon Calehoof and others, citizens of Pennsylvania, praying for tbe paasage of the bil). (H. R. No. 4234) granting arrears of pensions; which was ordered to lie on the table.

He also presented the petition of May & Somers and others mer­chants aml ship-owners of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, prayi~"' for the passage of the bill (H. R. No. 3&47) to regulate interstate ~m­merce and to prohibit unjust discriminations by common carriers· which was referred to the Committee on Commerce. '

Mr. MITCHELL presented the petition of Daniel McGrath late private in Company H, Twenty-first Infantry, United States Army praying for an increase of pension; which was referred t<> the Com~ mittee on Pensions.

Mr. MITC.BELL. I present a petition nw:ileronsly signed by mer­chants and 1mporters at the port of Portland, Oregon, in which they represent b~t:?flY tha.t "the ~uilding at present occupied by the ens­toms authonties at that port 1s so far removed from the business center

of the city as to render it veiy inconvenient and extremely burden­some to those having business transactions with the office;'' that' from · the time that collection district "was first established until within a year or so past the customs office was located on the water front .at a point convenient to importers as well as masters of vessels, and was removed to its present location by order of the honorable Secretary of the Treasury from economical motives;" that the "apartments as­signed to the customs department in the.public building in the city are inadequate to the wants of the public service, there being barely sufficient room for the present limited clerical force. Aside b.:mn these objections the Government· is obliged to rent additional build­ings for bonded warehouse, appraiser's store, and steamboat inspect­ors' offices at great cost, which buildin~s are fully three-fourths of a mile from the present customs office.' They state that " the close business relations existing between these different customs g,ffi~ers render it absolutely necessarv that they should be located in the same

·building." ~ . . They further represent that the large increase of business in the

post-office department in that city" has already occasioned a demand for more room; that the money transaction alone has more than doubled, and amounts to fully $1,500,000 annually;" and "should the business in the money-order office alone increaae during the next year as it has in the past, the post-office department," in which the' pres­ent custom-house is located, "will requ~re and demand from the proper authorities the entire ground :door of the present building for the px:oper transaction of its business."

For all these reasons they respectfully and earnestly memorialize Co~gress to make an appropriation of a sum sufficient for the con­struction and equipment of a suitable building at some suitable point on Front street for a custom-house, appraisers' store, United States bonded warehouse, and steamboat inspectors' offices; and as in duty bound they will ever pray. I move the reference of the memorial to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, and I call the atten­tion of that committee to it. I have already introduced a bill on this subject, and I hope the matter will receive the attention of the com­mittee.

The motion to refer was agreed to. Mr. INGALLS. I present a petition very largely signed by citizens

.of Kansas, praying for tile prompt passage of the.biU (H. R. No. 4234) granting arrears of pensions; and I repeat the notice I have hitherto given, that upon the conclusion of the pending measure I shall ask the attention of the Senate to this bil1. ·

The VICE-PRESIDENT. The petition will lie upon the table: , Mr. COCKRELL presented the petition of J. R. Walker and others,

citizens of Richland, Missouri; the petition of JOhn E. Jacoby and others, citizens of Warrensbnrgh, Missouri, and the petition of John Proud:fi.it and others, citizens of Summit, Missouri, praying for the passage of the bill (H. R. No. 4234) granting arrears of pensions; which were ordered to lie on the table.

He also presented additional papers in the case of George Heard, assignee of Chester Hebner, praying for the passage of a law author­izing the proper officers of the Interior Department to prepare and issue to him a bounty land warrant in pursuance of act of Congress of 1847 for one hundred and sixty acres of land in lieu of a w~t which was burned in the land office at Clinton, Missouri, in Novem­ber, 1861; which were referred to the Committee on Private Land Claims. ·

Mr. CONKLING. Since presenting the former memorials I have received one signed 8y D. M. K. Johnson, John Stryker, and other neighbors of mine residing at Rome, in the county in which I live, and whom I know very wellt :protesting against the passage of the bill against the passage of which the remonstrance of .Mr. DaYenport protested. I am told that a motion is to be made to recommit the bill or to refer it to a committee. I suppose of course the memorials that now lie on the table would go with the bill should it be repom­mitted.

The VICE-PRESIDENT. The memorial will lie on the table for the present. .

Mr. MORRILL presented the petition of C. B. Simpson and othei'R, citizens of Vermont, praying that Edwin W. Reed, late of Company E, Eighth Vermont Volunteers, be resto.red to the pension-rolls; which was referred to the Committee on Pensions.

Mr. HOWE presented the petition of M. E. Gates and others, citi­zens of Wiscon~in, praying for the passage of the bill (H. R.1fo. 4234) granting arrears of pensions;, which was ordered to lie on the table.

Mr. DAWES presented the petition of Benjamin Reynolds .and others, citizens of Monson, Massachusetts, praying for the passage of the bill (H. R. No. 4234) granting arrears of pensions; which was orderecl to lie on the table. . .

LIBRAIUAN78 REPORT.

Mr. ANTHONY. I am instructed by the Committee on Printing, to whom was referred a resolution to print 500 extra copies of the annual report of the Librarian of Congress, to report it without amend­ment and to recommend its .passage. I ask for its present considera­tion.

The resolution was considered by unanimous consent, and agreed to, as follows : · ·

Resol"d, That the annual report of the Librarian of Congress on the Library and the copyright department for the calendar year 1878 be printed, and tha1i 500 extra copies with paper covers, be printed for diStribution by the Librarian.

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388 CONGRESSIONAL RECO~D-SEN.ATE. JANUARY 10,

BILLS L"'TRODUCED.

Mr. HOWE asked, and by unanimous consent obtained, leave to introduce a · bill (S. No. 1585) for the relief of such members of the Menomonee tribe of Indians as may desire to become citizens of the "United States; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs.

Mr. DAVIS, of illinois, (by request,) asked, and by unanimous con­sent obtained, leave to introduce a bill (S. No. 1586) relating to writs of execution in the District of Columbia; which was read twice by its tit1e, and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Mr. ALLISON. At the request of my colleague, [Mr. KIRKwooD,] who is absent on public business, I ask leave to introduce a bill.

J;ly unanimous consent, leave was granted to introduce a bill (S. No. 1587) to provide for the payment of additional bounty to the soldiers of the Army of the United States during the war of the rebellion; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on lfilitary Affairs.

Mr. Ii.ARRIS asked, and by unanimous consent obtained, leave to introduce a bill (S. No. 1588) for the relief of Talley & Eaton; which was rood twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Claims.

Hr. DAWES asked, and by unanimous consent obtained, leave to introduce a bill (S. No. 1589) for the relief of tho legal representa­tives of William S. Robinson, lat~ of Malden, Massachusetts; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Cemmittee on Claims.

Mr. SARGENT (by request) asked, and by unanimous consent ob­tained, leave to'introdnce a bill (S. No. 1590) to enable the people of Dakota to form a. constitution and St~te government, and for the admission of the said State into _the Union on an equal footing with the original States.; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Territories. ·

A.l\IK.."'illl\IENTS TO POST-ROUTE BILL.

:Mr. PLUMB and Mr. DORSEY submitted amendments intended to be proposed by them respectively to the bill (H. R. No. 5218) to estab­lish post-routes herein na111ed; which were referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads.

WAR CLAIMS OF WEST VIRGINIA.

On motion of Mr. HEREFORD, it was Ordered, That the Committee on Claims be discharged from the further consid­

eration of the bill S. No. 937, and papers relating to the claim of the State of West "irgi'?lla. for expenses incurred in organizing and equipping troops, &c., and that the claimants have leave to ~tbdraw the same from the files of the Senate.

CHIEFS OF NAVAL BUREAUS.

llr. ANTHONY submitted the following resolution; which was con­sidered by unanimous consent, and &oiTieed to :

Ruolt:ed, That the Committee on Naval Affairs be instructed to inquire into the expediency_ of enacting tkat the selection of the chiofs of the nureans of Steam En­gineeringhProrisions and Clothing, and Medicine and Surgery hall be made from iffi.cers w ose relati"e rank is not below that of captain.

.ADJOUR."'iMENT TO 1\IOSDAY.

Mr. INGALLS. I move that when the Senate adjourns to-day it b~ to meet on Monday next.

. The motion was agreed to. Mr. WINDOM subsequently said: I ask permission to enter a mo­

tion to reconsider the vot~ by which the Senate agreed to adjourn over until Monday. I do not ask a vote upon it now, but if we fail to pass the Indian appropriation bill this afternoon I shall a.sk to have the \ote reconsidered.

The VICE-PRESIDENT. The motion to reconsider will be entered. THEOPHILUS P. CHANDLER.

:Mr. HOAR and Mr. DAVIS, of West Virginia, addressed the Chair. · The VICE-PRESIDENT. Under the notice given by the Senator

from"\\ ... est Virginia yesterday, the Chair feels bound to recognize that Senator.

Mr. MITCHELL. I desire to state that I have been giving notice ever since before the adjournment for the holidays that I desired to submit a few remarks to the Senate. I do not know when the notice of tho Senator from West Virginia was/ giyen, whether before the holidays or since.

Mr. HOAR. If the Senatdr from West Virginia will permit me, I desire to ask the· Senate to take up a bill from the Committee on Claims. It is the unanimous report of that committee, and one which I think will occupy no time except the reading of a very brief report. It is \ery important, with reference to the settlement of some estates, that the bill shou1d be passed at once.

Mr. D...\. VIS, of West Virginia. If there is to be no debate upon the bill whate>er I will give way, subjeC?t to my right to the :floor.

M1;. HOAll. I think t'bat tho readjng of a 'ery brief report is all that is required, if indeed that will be required.

Mr. DAVIS,1of West Virginia. I dislike to insist upon the floor against the Wish of a Senator; but I believe it was the rule of the Benato.long before I was here, and perhaps before any Senator now present came here, that when a Senator gave notice that .ho desired to address tho Senate on a. particular subject tho floor was always accorded to him. ·

Mr. HOAR. I do not tJnestion in the least that rule, and if the rule did not exist I should prescribe it as a rule for the government of my own conduct, and certainly should not antagonize the right of the Sena.ter from West Virginia to the floor. I do not propose to do so.

I merely inquired of the Senator whether it would be agreeble to him to yield for the passage of the bill to which I referred. · Mr. DAVIS, of West Virginia. If there is no objection to the bill -whatev~r I shall of course yield to the Sen~tor from Massachusetts.

Mr. HOAR. I will ask to have the bill read subject to the Senator's right to the floor.

The bill (S. No. 1531) for the relief of Theophilus P. Cftandler was read; and by unanimous consent the Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to consider the bill. It relieves Theophilus P. Chandler, late assistant treasurer of the United .States at Boston, from all liability for the acts of Julius F. Hartwell, late disbur&ing clerk and cashier in his office, in loaning or advancing the moneys or fnnds of the United States to Mellen, Ward & Company, and from all liability to account for any moneys or funds of the. United. States which were loaned or advanced by Hartwell to 1\lellen, Ward &Com­pany, the same having been without the default or negligence of Chandler.

The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to~engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed.

HARBOR OF REFUGE ON PACIFIC COAST.

Mr. AVIS, of West Virginia. I understand the Senator from Ore­gon [Mr. MITCHELL] has on several occasions given notice that he wisked to address the Senate. That being the case, I feel that I ought to give way to him this morning. I will, however, gi~e notice that I shall follow the Senator from Oregon with the remarks that I wish to submit to the Senate, or that I shall ask to be heard on Mon­daymornin~.

The VICE-PRESIDENT .. On Monday morning at the close of the morning business f

Mr. DAVIS, of West Virginia. Yes; but if the speech of the Sen­ator from Oregon does not detain 'Q.S too long, I may follow him to-day.

Mr. MITCHELL. I am much obliged to the Senator from West Virginia. I move that the Senate proceed to the conaideration of the bill (S. No.1451) authorizing the construction of a breakwater and a. ·• harbor of refuge on the Pacific coast.

The motion was agreed to; and the Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to consider Jjhe bill.

Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. President, I beg the attention of the Senaoo while I submit briefly as I may some considerations bearing upon a sub­ject in one sense local to that portion of the country which I have the honor in part to represent on this floor, but which in fact concerns the future protection, develop~ent, and prosperity of a very large share of the commerce of our common country. Although not a mereber of the Committee on Commerce, I trust I may be pardoned in striving ~ attract the serious attention of that very able committee to the sub­ject referred to in the bill now under consideration. I am not nil­mindful, Mr. President, of the fact that it is a not uncommon occur­rence in the history of congressional legislation for members to pro­pose at each session numerous measures looking to the development of their particular section or Stn.te, oftentimes, it may be, hoping thereby to win the approbation of their constituents. Conscious of this fact, and desirous, as I frankly confess I am, to merit tho good opinion of my constituents by my labors in their behalf, I trust I shall, in the measure now under consideration, be able to convinoo the Senate that the end sought to be gained in this instance is one that is neither visionary, impracticable, nor in any sense void of merit ; but rather one demanding in the name of the commerce of our country respectful and earnest consideration, and early and prompt action. I refer, as the bill states, to the construction of a breakwater and harbor of refuge on the Northern Pacific coast.

The subject is not one, I take it, that should excite either local jeal­ousies or State pride as to poi~t of construction, but one to be viewed. in the more enlarged intelligence and comprehensive vision of gen.­era} commercial advancement and national prosperity. The time was, within the memory of the present generation, when the Great ·west, extending from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific and from the Brit­ish dominions to Mexico, was comparatively a wilderness, and when the waters of the Pacific Ocean ~ordering on these extended shores were undisturbed by the ships of commerce. The inquiring and en­terprising spirit of the age, however, has wrought a change. Emi­gration set its foot thitherward; Terntories were organized, States created, society established, cities built, agriculture, mechanic arts, mining, manufactures-all have sprung into existence, and to-dn.y the Pacific slope is in point of wealth, national resources, not to speak of its unquestionable prospective greatness, an empire in itself; while the Pacific Ocean, whose waters beat forever on the golden shores of the far West, are thronged by the ships of all nations and enlivened by the busy eommerce of the world. Indeed, as I have before re­marked, so rapid has been the transition state of the growth and pros­perity ef the Pacific coast that a mere statement of the real facts seems to strike eastern ears as the rehearsal of an Arabian tale-a. mere product of the imagination. Hence the difficulty in concentrat­ing the public mind and inducing public action in reference to these matters of such vital importance, not only to the Pacific coast butq;o the countrr at large.

I appre01at~ and frankly concede this difficulty in attracting pllb­lic attention to the crying wants of our commerce upou the Pacific coast is not the re&nlt of any disposition upon the part of eastern· or southern statesmen to ignore any section of the country, but rather

\

1879. CONGRESSIONAL REC0RD-SENATE. 389 -the result of a not surprising failure upon the part of those who have never visited tho Pacific slope to note and comprehend the rapidity .of the chan~e by which the late frontiers of the West have beep

~ transformed mto an empire of greatness, of commercial wealth, and. political, social, and moral power. It is in vain that the six Senators and seven or -eight Representatives of the Pacific coast raise their voices and bend their energies in favor of national legislation in the interest of the commerce of the far West, unless indeed we can engage the attention and secure the influence and support of our"eastern and southern friends . . To you, therefore, fellow Senators, whose long ex­perience upon this floor makes your influence and power felt and recognized, not alone in the councils of the nation, but throughout the land, I appeal, basing it as I do upon no flimsy fabric woven by the imagination, but upon facts and statistics as irrefragable as trutk itself. I ask, in the name of the suffering commerce of theW est and in the interest of the real growth and prosperity of our nation, to ex­tend us a helping hand, that the blessings of national legislation in aid of national commerce and for its protection may be extended in equal measure to all States and sections, to all rivers and harbors of our great Repablic. Whatever national aid is given to protect and. encourage our commerce, whether internal or external, even in the remotest portions of our national heritage, is not lost, but returns in vitalizing influence and power to strengthen the heart and energize our whole national being.

It is a fact no less startling than it is true, when viewed in the light of the rapidly increasing commerce of the eastern portion of the Pacific Ocean, that between San Francisco, California, and t4e strait of luca, a distance of over seven hundred miles of sea-coast, there is not a. single harbor that can be entered in safety during a southerly' gale.

This statement finds support in more than one report of the United States Engineer Corps and of the Coa.st Survey. To these I shall attract attention as I proceed. The mere statement of this fa-ct, were I to stop here, it seems to me, taken in connection with what every one of common intelligence must concede in reference to the existing commerce of that coa.st, should arouse from their slumbers and startle from their lethargy those whose duty it is through congressional leg­islation to provide for the protection of our commerce. But when I point to the myriad merchant vessels, with their valuable cargoes and freighted treasures of life and property, as I shall do as I proceed, that have, as I have stated heretofore elsewhere, for the past twenty years, year after year, one by one, until the number in vessels, in values, an<l in human life becomes appalling, mainly for the want of some harbor of refuge, gone down amid storms, as By1·on describes it, into that-

Vast, salt, dread, eternal deep,

the s-ubject becomes one of deep interest, demanding serious consid­eration and prompt action. Before closing, I shall attract attention to the number and character of these disasters.

In considering the question a.s to the necessity of the construction of an artificial harbor of refuge on the Pacific coast at some point between the two points designated, it is not well to confine ourselves solely to the consideration of the coasting trade or the augmentation of the internal c<1Inmerce of the Pacific States and Territories, but to examine it in the more comprehensive view as to what relation this portion of our seaboard sustains to the transoceanic aDd transconti­nental commerce of the world. Until the people of this country had eXtended the area of their civilizatil)n and planted its banner on the shores of the Pacific, the commerce of Asia and the islands o.f the interve!ling ocean was not attracted toward ·the thea uninviting western shores of the new continent. British statesmanship, then .exercising its customary strate~ic influence and aggressive power in giving direction to and in obtaming control of the commerce of the world, had for centuries and ever since it had grasped the commerce -of the East, which from the earliest period of the Christian era had been ca¢ed on by land from Western Asia to the shores of the Med­iterranean, enriching the cities of Western Asia, Northern Africa, and Southern Europe, reaped golden harvests that annually flowed from these prolific sources of wealth.

The tracks of commerce did not th•m lie in the direction of ow· shores. The mighty magnets of civilized communities, of-organized Territories, of dignified and iafluential States, of cnltivated and pros­perous cities, of energetic and ambitions populations, of productive mines, of prolific fields of agriculture, of pa-storal wealth, of vine­yards unsurpassed in beauty and fruitfulness, of industry, of enter­prise-of all that is implied in the·titular designation of empire in its most comprehensive sensa and which now constitute the States and Territories of the far West-formidable, majestic, and wealthy rivals in commercial greatness of an equal number of any of the most enter­prising aml wealthy of the sisterhoods, did not then exist to attract to our western sh9res the merchants of the east and the west, and the ..ships of Europe and Asia and their dependencies. To-day it is differ­ent. No longer does the miner of the Pacific States and Territ-ories send to Chili for bread to sustain life, or to France for wine to cheer the failing spirit-s, as he was compelled to and did do a quarter of a century ago ; for Calilornia's export trade to-day is nearly forty mill­ions, her wpeat crop worth in value nearly forty millions, her wine -<:rop reachmg annually from 6,000,000 to 8,000,000 gallons, or more than dQ.nble the whole wine crop of the United States in 1870, the -total of which was then but 3 09'2,3~0 gallons, while tho inward and

outward tonnage of San Francisco alone is not less than 1,550,000 tons. In 1876 the inward foreign tonnage was 72d,319 tons and the outward foreign tonna~e 76{),770 tons; while Oregon, surpassing in propor­tional productive capacity her more widely-known neighboring State, with her population of 160,000 souls, raises annually not less thau. 8,000,000 bushels of wheat, and export-s annually an aggregate of over $100 to every man, woman, and child within its liinits, these consist­ing of wheat, flour, wool, beef, fish, timber, lumber, furs, fruits, coal, and other products, including gold and silver bullion.

The ablest and most far-seeing statesman of a quarter of a century • ago had not the faintest conception of the immense natural resourcesJ the wonderful capabilities, the vital eletnents, the internal and ex­ternal wealth, and commercial greatness and grandeur of the western shores of this continent. Daniel Webster, in speaking of California in this Chamber in 1B50, (I quote from a recent work,) used. this language:

I am sure that everybody has become satisfied that although California may have a very great seaboard and a large city or two, yet that the agricultural products of the whole surfaoo now are not im<f never Will be equal to one-half part of those of the State of lllinois, no, nor yet a fourth or perhaps a tenth part, no one will pretend to deny.

Yet, notwithstanding this prophetic declaratioQ .from the lips of one of the ablest, most far-seeing, and eminent statesmen this country has ever known, b~fore twenty-four years had passed away California pro­duced more wheat per annum by $2,191,~ in value than the State of Illinois, and more by $1,063,480 in value than any other State in the Union, while to-day its wheat cFop exceeds in value that of the State of Illinois by mo.re than $15,000,000; its barley crop is over four times that of IUinois; its wool crop double that of lllinois and grooter than that of aby other State in the Union except Ohio. But not only so; the Pa-cific States and Territories in 1877 exported about 40 per cent. 'of the total exports of "\1"heat from the United States to fot'eign lands, perhaps not so much the past year owing te the drouth in California, and the day is not in the distant future when over one-half of all the wheat exported from the United States will be grown in the States of California and Oregon and Territory of Washington, while Oregon and Washington, I confidently predict, will produce over half of this amount, or one-fourth of our total exports. Although the Pacific belt, from Behring Strait to the thirty-third parallel of north latitude and from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, is the greatest gold and silver producing area. of the world, producing annually over ei~hty millions of these precious metals, yet this annual product of this extended field, ·immense and princely in value as it is, is to-day dwarfed into comparative insignificance in commercial value and national importance by its annual contributions to the commerce of the world in the shape of grain, lumber, timber, frnit.s, wine, fish, wool, and kindred products.

In speaking of this subject the Chicago Journal of Commerce, in a recent editorial~ makes this truthful statement:

When Oregon and Washin2fun came into actual possession of our people, who even dreamed that they woufil become distin~hed for the abundance of gopd qualities of their wheat fields ' And yet ordinary men, attracted to the Pacifl.o coast by the reports from its mines, its fish, and its ~me, but were disappointed in their expectations, retrieved their fortunes by sowing and reaping wheat and cul­tivating fruit. And now this immense coast is the wonder of all hillds, for it poiH'S into the la.p ef commerce grain, fruits, and fish beyond any other country ~own to man.

Yes, Mr. President, well may this influential patron and advocate of the nation's c~mmerce speak of the Pacific coast in referen9e to ita grain; its fruits, its fish as the "wender of all lands," and of its co~ tributions to the ''lap of commerce" as being "beyond any other country known to man." ....

Well may it be said, in the apt and scriptural quotation of Pro­fessor Robert Ellis Thompson, of the University of Pe11l.Dsylvania, in a recent article from his pen on our commercial future, that the great North Pacific coast is "a land where thou shalt eat bread without scarceness, thou shalt not Ia.ck any· thing in it; a laud whose stones are iron, and out of whose hills thou mayoot dig brass." (Dent., viii, 9.)

Bnt, again, hear what the San Francisco Journal of Commerce, lo­cated as it is in the midst of this mighty domain of unparalleled capabilities for productiveness, said two years ago. After speaking of the wheat-producing areas of the Pacific States and Territories, it uses the following language :

This Territory is thus capable of producing 2,500,000,000 buahels of wheat annu­ally, worth, at the low rate of fifty cents, 1,2:l0,000,000, or dt seventy-five cents I>&' bushel, or ~U.25 percental, et,875,000,000. It would feed a. population of 500,00~000, or something less than one-half the whole population of the earth at tha.present time-a population exceeding that of Europe and Africa, or Europe and America together, nearly twice that of British India, and greater, even, than the teeming population of the great empire of China.

After &peaking further of the great fertility of the wheat-producing valleys of the Pacific Northwest, speaking of ·them as the peocs ()f the celebrated valley of the Nile, which in ancient times supplied the world with bread, it proceeds as follows:

In <lays to come· these valleys will do the same for the great world of India_, China., and Japan, ·which, ·with their vast populations, are now opening up to our commerce and to Caucasian civilization- The populations of these vast regiona are at present estimated as equaling 750,000,009 of people. By and by a large pro­portion of these, at least one-third, will become as accustomed to wheaten breads as are the urban populations of Europe to-day, and the sources of supply for them will naturally be the Pacific coast of the United States. California and Or,.gon are capable of producing 1,06a,OOO,OOO bushels of wheat yearly from their wheat lands, and this will supply over 200,000,000 of people. The wheat lands of the coast are extensive eno~h to supply a million farmers and their families with one-hun- · dred .. acre farms. Those of California are ample enough to locate a quarter of a.

/

390 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 10,.

million.farm&a of Europe and the older States on small-sized farms of their own, while those of California and Oregon have room for 430,000. Reckoning in work­men and their familiesJ. ~e wheat lands of the coast can give employment in their cultivation to a. popwation of 15,000,000; while taking iii. to acconnt tradesmen, manufacturers, merchants, &c., they can support in comfort and afHuence not less than 35,000,000, or a population equal to that of France to-day, greater than of Italy or Great Britain, and almost eqnal to that of Germany, and these countri'es are the greateRt and most powerful on the globe. In fine, the capacity of the coast as a wheat producer, and only on these lands which are immediately available for tillage, · is eqnal to nine times the largest production of the whole United States in the best crop years recorded. ,

It is proper to remark in this connection that at the time the above was written, two years ago, the great extent and unparalleled capac­ity of the wheat-producing area of Oregon ·and Washington Territory were but partially known or understood. These mighty factors in external and internal commercial prosperity to which I have attracted attention, operating as they do through our foreign and coastwise trade, have transformed the waters of the Pacific Ocean between the strait of Fuca and San Francisco into one vast national highway, where pass and repass daily in scores the ships of all nations. Four regular steamship lines are now operating regularly the whole distance between San Francisco and PQrtland, Oregon, via the mouth of the Columbia River, one between Portland and Sitka, and one l.letween San Francisco, the straits, and Puget Sound, to say nothing of the fleets of first-cl388 sailers. According to official figures .during the past twelve months an average of 3,150 persons passed each month by ocean steamers from San Francisco to Portland, Oregon, and an aver­age of 1,166 each month from Portland to San Francisco, makmg n. total average of 4,316 persons each month, or an aggregate of 51,792 souls, not including officers and crews of vessela, who have passed up and down this coast during .the last year on ocean steanwrs al01te as th1·ough passengers between those ports; while the trade of ports to the northward of San Francisco with the Sandwich and other Paci6.c Ocean islands, South America, Centml America, China, and Japan is gradually growing into importance; while from the distant British Isles annually come in their long and perilous journey around Cape Horn and up the waters of the north Pacific to the Columbia River and Portland, Oregon, hundreds of the largest sailers, to carry from Oregon to Liverpool our surplus millions of the finest wheat of the continent. Will it be sn.id, therefore, that Congress will not inquire

into the conditions of the harbors of that coast, or that Government will refuse to enter upon a work so imperatively dema.Jlded by the tl'ue inte1·ests of commerce f While the Atlantic coast from the Bay of Fundy to -Florida Keys, through the generous and just action of our Government, is lined with breakwaters, artificial harbors of refuge, light-houses, life-saving stations, and other aids to marine commerce and protection to life and property on the hiO'h seas, must the mari­ners, the shippers, the traveling public of the North Pacific Ocean f8r nearly two thousand miles of sea-coast be left to brave compn.ratively unaided the daily perils of whn.t not unfrequently-w-onld seem to be a misnamed and treacherous Pacific 'f

1861. Jan · --·

. MII!Y·-· .May·-· June . . -July .. . Sept .. . Oct·-·· Oct·-·· Oct·-·· Oct ... . Nov . . . Nov . . . Nov· .. . Dec .. .

1862. Jan .... Jan ___ _ Jan ... . Jan ... . Jan . .. . Jan . .. . . F eb , . . . :March .. April .. Sept . . . Oct . .. . Nov . .. . Nov ... . Nov . .. . Nov .. . . Dec ... . Dec ... . Dpc ... . Dec . . . .

1863. Feb ... . Feb ... . Feb . .. . Feb .. . . ApriL. ApriL ­Apf"U._. April .•. Nov. __ _ I>eQ .••• May ... . May . . . June .. _ Nov . .. . Jan . .. . ;Nov·-· Sept ...

18ti4. Jnne- .. Jnne ... Nov.·-·

From a personal experience of over thirty voyages between the ports of San Francisco n.nd Portln.nd I nm able to speak with some degree of accuracy in reference not only to the commerce and its necessities but the petits also of this coast. I will only sn.y in refer­ence to these last that while they are no greater than those of ordi­nary ocean travel, and in fact much less than those of many Gther routes, they are, nevertheless, none the less, as some may suppose, from the fa.ct that these are waters of n.n ocean called the Pacific. But no other wei~htier argument is needed than that conveyed in the lists of marine <llsaste.rs I hold in .my hand-disasters which have occurred on the Pacific Ocean on the coast line north of San Francisoo since January 1, 1861, and which I ask to have incorporated in my remarks. These lists, aggregating as they do disasters to some four hundred and twenty-seven vessela, resulting in many instances in total loss, to say nothing of the loss of cargo and human life, speak in tones more convincing than any mere words of mine, not only of the extent of the shipping in these waters, but of the present need of govern­mental aid for this shipping.

The first of these lists that contains a statement of the disasters between January 1, 1861, and December 31, 1869, was obtained from custom-house statistics in San Francisco, and furnished by Captain William Tichenor, of Oregon, to the Alta of that city, and published in that paper in its issue of March 10~ 1873. The other, containing statement of disasters from January 1, 1870, to the present time, has been furnished me by S. I. KimbaU, esq., general superintendent of the United States life-saving service of the Treasury Department, and is authentic :

.Jfa1·itinte disasters north of San Francisco j1·ont January 1, 1861, to December 31, 1869.

~am e.

Bark Acadia .• _·- ...... - .... -.··-· .•.• - .•. Ship Sea.Nymr-··-·············-···· · ····

~~~ ra~tn~ .. ~:: :::::: ~ ~:::: :::::::::::: Schooner Shooting Star . .. . . . -.- .••• . •. --. Brig Persevere . . __ .. ··-·-·-··· .• ··- · ··----Schooner Anglo-American . - ....• -- •••.•. . Bark H..'U'tford ···--- ...... ···-·· .. . ... ---· Schooner Jlln.rin .. __ •.. . • . .. • . __ •• _ .••... _ . Schooner European . .... - ..• _ •.•...•. -. - .. Schooner Ginn. Rood-- · ·-····-··-·---··--·

~~!:~~~~~~ :~: :::::::::::::::::::: Schooner Queen of the Isles . - .•.•. - .. . - -··

Schooner T. H. Allen ......•.......•... - .. Schooner Kalnna . ••• - •....••.... _ .... -_ . . Schooner Sparkling Wave . . -... - .••.••. --. Ship Bald Eagle .....•. --··········---·· ...

~~~~~c;aR~~aiie: : :::::::::::::::::::::::: Bark Anna. Barnard .• ·--···---··-···-···· Schooner Ella Josephine·-··· -· -···-····-· Schooner Tongawa.nda .• ·--···-----···-··· SchooncrPrid{) of the West·-········· -·-· Schooner Florence E. "W\lton. -----· ..... .

~~~!~g.h;.-:Bi~t:.::::::::~::::::::::: Schooner .Monterey- ....•.••.•••.. _ .... _ •. llrig Lopud .. _ •. ····-············· · ····-·· Schooner Sovereign_.-.- ... .. .. _ •• _ •••. _ •. Schooner C. W. Gnnnel. ··-·-··-···- ··-·-· Schooner H. T. ClaY-·- · ····-···-······---Steamer SierraN evada _-. ___ . . _ •...•.....

Schooner J. R. Whiting .. ·-······· .••..••.

~t:~:~ 1!~:\V:i::_ ·.:: ~ ·:::. ·_·_-::.:::::::: Brig Quoddy Belle._ •....•.. . •.. _ •..... _ •. Schooner Union Forever.- ......•... _ •. _ .. Schooner Josephine Willcutt.- •.....•• - ••• Schooner Francis Helen . .••. _ ... -- ..•••••. Schooner J. E. Mnrdock .•• -·····-·······­Schooner Frances Helen._ •••.••••..•••••. Schooner Pride of the West ..•..•...•.••• Schooner Eagle •.• _ •••. - ....•.. ~ .•..•.••.. Schooner Gafveston .. -. ~ •••.• _ .•.......••. Schooner Bril.llimt.·-··· ····-· .......•.•.. Schooner Mendocino.---- •... - ••... -.••.•. Brig Eolus ...••• ·-··········-·-··--····--· Schooner Dash away .•••.•••••• - __ •.... ___ .. Steam Corvette Novick-------··-·-··--·--

Place.

Trinidad, stranded··-· .. ·-·····--·-··-·· •• ··-··· . ·· · -· •••.•••• Point Reyes, stranded . .•.•••.•••••.••••• _ ••••.•. __ ..••••••• __ . Columbia River Bar, stranded.··-····---·····-···---·······-··

8: ~N!i~o~~iz~:::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: 011' Cape -Flattery, foundered .....•.•••••••• _ ••.•.•.•.•••••.... Off Tomales, strandAd ..••••• _ ..•...•...•... _ .•..........•..• _. H001boldt Bar, deck swept.--.-- .....•.•.•••....••.••.•..••••• Tomales, stranded. ·-··--···-·········-·-···-···-·········· .••.

~;~.=~~~~;;d~d-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~~~ ~~~~:r~~~: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: North Pacific, mis ing -··--··· · ------······-·-···-······-·····

Humboldt Bar . .......•••••... . .. ··-······- ... . .. . ......•...... Humboldt Bar . . _ ..••... _ ... _ .....• ·-·· .•••••.•••••. ··- .•...•.. Between San Francisco and Shoal water Bay._ •.•••. __ •.•.••••• Between Hong-Kong and San Francisco ..•••• _ . _ ••••.....•. _ ..

~~~e~!:.g~~:_a:cr.~ ~~ -~~~s-~:. ~~~ -~-~t~~~ .. :::::: Cape Flatt.ery, stranded . ..•... ·-·······-···--·--····· · ····--· · Between San Francisco and Humboldt. __ ..•... _ •. . _ ... • ... __ . Capsized 12 miles north of San Francisco Heads .. _ .•.. _ ...... .

ts~~~~pe~~~~;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Waterlogged off Alb10n River .. . .•... ··-·- .••. __ . __ •.•. _ •..••. Point Re:ves. stranded ..••.•• ···- ... -··-.-·.·-··· . _____ ......•. Between Po get Sound and San Francisco, leaky .. _ .•••. __ ..• _ Navarro River, stranded·-·-··- · -················-············ Point Arena,s, stranded .•.•• _ .•.•••••.•••••.••..•. _ . . _ .. _ •..•.. Noyo River, stranded .•• ____ •... ·-····-·- .••..• --- .. ·--· ..••... Between Colnmbia River and Victoria, hurricane ...••• . ..•.•..

Mendocino, stranded. _. _ .•... _ •... . _ .•..••....•... _ ..•.••..• _.

"f~~~~a!iR~e~~=d~d:: ::::::::: :~ ::::::: :~: ~:::::: ::::: : :::

~~7[~~~~:~~~~~~~~:: :::::: :::~~~::~:::::::~~:::: Et~~a~:~r:::::::::::H/::~:::::.E::: Off Mendocino, dismasted ··-··· · -·-· -· ···--··-···-···-. --·--·· Between San Francisco and Mendocino, sails carried away __ •. Struokon HnmboldtBar ··-···---· ····-······-····-····· ···-·· Capsized off Humboldt ......... -·····-·.-·-····-··.· · -·-·-···· Wrecked on Point Reyes ..... _ •...•. :·-···--·-·····-··-··· ····

Shlp Winged Arrow·-···-····-·-······.- · North Pacific, dismasted ·-· · · .. ___ . . . ..•••.• -·-······ __ . .••.••

~lk ~~: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: t'~r~~::U~"It~v.~~: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Amonnt.

$5,000 300,000 30,000 60,000 3,650

48,000 4,500 1,000 3,500 1,000 4,800 3,000 2,000 8, 000

6,000 6,000 5,000

300,000 30, 708 1, 000 4,500 4, !>00 7, 200

500 742

1, 000 700

7, 000 346

3, 000 4,500 5, 250

600

7,500 6, 000

50Q 3, 000 8, 000 3,000 5,000 1,500

12,000 3, 500 4,000

10,000 1, BOO 1,000

10,000 40,000 30, 000

El,910 1,000 6, QOO

Total loss. Total loss. Total loss. Total loss.

Total loss.

Tot..11lloss.

Total loss. I

Total loss.

Remarks.

Total loss of vessel and crew.

Totalloss . . .

Missing ; total loss. Missing ; tot..'\lloss.

Total loss. Total loss. Missing, tot..'\lloss. Total loss.

.Total loss.

Total loss. Total loss.

Total loss.

Totalli>ss.

Total loss.

Total loss. Total loss.

Total loss. Total loss.

1879. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 391 Ma1itimc dis~ters nortlt of San Francisco from January 1, 1861, to December 31, 1869--Continued.

Date.

18Q4. Dec ... Feb ..•. Oct .•• . Dec ... . llov ... . ApriL. July .. . Dec .. . Dec .. . Dec .•. Dec •.. Dec ... Doo .•.. Nov . . . Aug .. .

ll:l65. Nov •.. Feb ..•. :March. Sept .. . Nov .. . Nov .. . Nov .. . Nov .. . Nov ... . Nov ... . ~ov ... . Nov ... . Yov .. . . Dec ... . Dec ... . Dec .. . March .. July .. . Feb ... . June . . . :Nov .. . .Nov .. . Yov~ .. Nov .. . Dec ... . Dec ... . Deo ... . . Jan .. . Dec ..• Dec .••.

1866. Nov ... . Dec .••. March. April .. April .. July .. . Aug .. . Sept .. . Oct ... . Oct ... . Oct ... . Oct •. . Oct ... . July .. . Jan ... . Dec .••. Feb .... Feb ..•. Nov . . . Nov .. . Dec •••. Deo ... . :flee ... . Dec ... . Dec .••. Feb .... April .. Dec .••. Sept ...

18Q7. Jan •.•. March. May .•. July .. . Sept .. . .l)eo .••. April.. April .. April .. May ... Sept·-· Bee ... . Dec .. . Dec . •. . April.. .May .•.

Yam e.

Schooner J. M. Chapman •. ; ...•..•..••.... Brig Energy .•...•...••. . . -.- ..• ···-···-· Schooner Cornelia. Terry ..•..••...•...••..

~~ftrB:a~~;d::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::: Bark Ocean Bird ..•..•• ...•.....•....•.• .. Ship E. Bulkely .....•.•.•••.........•••••. Barkan tine Constitution •••..••..•...••••• Bark MaJlo7n: ....•.•••••. . : ....••...•....

~~{~~~om!~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::: Ship Caroline Reed .....••••••......•..... Bark Gilorge Washington .......•••... .... Bark Leonora ..•....•• ...•••••.••.••••• ••. Bark Victor .• .•.. •... .•..•••.•••••.•.••..•.

Schooner Sarah Louise •..•.•.••••.•.. ... .. Schooner J. K. F. Mansfield.-~---········· Schooner Ann G. Doyle .••.•••......•.••... Sc-hooner Leah .•••••...........••••.••..•. Schooner Golden State ...........•.......• Schooner J. R. Whiting .•••.•..•..•••...•. Schooner Metis ...•..•••••.•••••..••..... Schooner Storm Cloud ..••.•••••••..••..... Schooner Albion .•••.•.••••••..•••.••.••.. Schooner Lizzie Wild ..••.••.....•••••..•. Schooner Helen ........••.....•....••••... Schooner Phrebe Fay •..•.•.•••••..•..... Schooner Don Leandro ........•.......... . SchoonerJ. K. F. Mansfield ...........•.. Schooner European ........••....•...•..... Bark Monitor .........•............• ... .... Bark Industry .•••.•.••..•••••..•......... Steamer Brotli.er Jonathan ..••••....••....

~~t 1:~~~tt~-: ::::::::::::::::::::::: Ship Dublin •. .. •..••..•.•....••••..•.....

:hf~ ~~~~~t:::::::~:. ::::~: :::::::::::: Bark Dictator ........•.•.•........ ...... ... Bark Vidette .•.•.•.•.....•................ Bark Milan ..••.. ... ...••....••••••....... Bark Scotland ......•...•...• . •.•••.•...... ShipElizabethKimball .•................

~hi: Willf:~0Ten:::::: :::::::::::::::::: Schooner Union Forever .......•••••.••... Schooner Brilliant .•.....•.......•.....•.. SchuonerW. F. Bowne .••..•............. Schooner. Pet ...••••.•• •••... •............ Schooner Ann C. Anderson ...••..•....... SchoonerC.P. Huestes ..•................ Schooner Coquette ••••••...•.•.••.•..•. •.. Schooner Pacific.: ...•.. ...... .• ..•.... ... Brig Perpetua ........••••..•••.....•..... . Schooner Glenarm .......••.•..•••••.••... :Harken tine Sue :Menill . ..... ......•...... Schooner Sarah . ....•......•.............. Schooner Hannah J,onise...... . . • . .....•. Bark Harvest Queen .••.••.•..... . ....... . Bark Monitor ...•.•.•.••..•...•..•........ Schooner Toando •...•...............• .. ... Bark Oak Hill ....... . .......... . ........ . Bark Ella Francis ...• ........ ......•.•.. • . Steamer Transport ...••........ . .....••.•. Bark Delaware .....••..••.......• . ........ Ship Caroline Rood .... , ..•.•.•..•....••... ·ship Nicolas Biddle ..•.••..•..••.......... Bark .Adelaide Cooper ..••............... .

~:~ r~~~: :::::::::::::::::::::::: Bark Mustang ... • ..........••.• . ......... Steamer Labouchere .....•...••............ Brig Deacon .•...................••....... Schooner Pride of the West ..•..........•.

Sohooner Two Brothers .. .......... .. ..•.. Schooner Pacific ..••••.•••••.....••..•••.. American schooner Flying Mist .•....•... American schooner Two Brothers .•... .. . American steamer Shubrick .•••••........ American schooner Kaluna ...•.. ..... •••. .A.meriean schooner Sine Johnson ........ . American schooner Mendocino ...•.••••••• American schooner Josephine Willcut .... American schooner Noyo ..••..•••.••.....

±::~~ :~~~~:~ r~Yf\r~t!~ ::::::::: American schooner Eliza. Walker.· •.•..... American schooner Enterprise .•••••...... American bark N ahumkeag •.••••..•..... American bark W. B. Scr~ton ..•••••.... American bark Nicholas Biddle ..... . ..•.

·AmericanbarkG. Washington .••.••...... Sept . . . American bar Lizzie Bo_ggs ............. . Jan ..•. British ship Vertigew ••••••....•..•......

1868. Jan .... American schooner Hannah :B. Bourne .••. Jan... . American schooner Mornmg Light .••..••. Jan .••. American schooner Sarah .••••••.••••••••. JIIJl •... American sloop :Malvina. .•.•.••••••••••••• Feb •••. American schooner Golden Rule .••••••••• Feb ..•. American schoonerS. F. Blunt . .•••••..•.

Place.

Between Shoal water Bay and San Francisco, foundered .•..... .

~t ii~l:!ie~~~ ::::~:: ::: == ~::::: :::::::::::::::::::::: Humboldt Bar, lost .•..•... .•• ; ......•...•.......•.......•.... Coast of Oregon, capsized .......•.•..•...........•............. Point Arenas, stranded ..••••.•••••.... ••• , .••. .. ....•••••.••.. Between Ptiget Sound and San Francisco, heavy weather ...••. NeahBay, stranded .....•.••..•...•••••.••.••.......•.•••.••••• Between Puget Sound and San Francisco, shifted cargo ...... . Off Cape Flattery, foundered ..•..••...•....•.•.•••••...•.• , .. . Between Bellingham Bay and San Francisco, heavy weather .. Between Puget Sound and San Francisco, heavy weather . ... . Between Puget Sound and San Francisco, heavy weather .... . Between Paget Sounll and San Francisco, heavy weather .. .. .

Thirty miles north of San Francisco, stranded ...... : •...•.... Between Mendocino and San Francisco, heavy weather ...•.•..

~!g~~~;:~::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :Mendocino, wrecked ..... .......•• ....... ..••• . .. . .•.••.....•. Albion River .•••.•.....•.••.••.•...•.•.. -~- ..•••••........•••. Caspar Creek, wreckell ...•.•..•.••••••••.•••••••••••.•••••.•.. Between Mendocino and San Francisco, wrecked .•••..••.•.... For Albion River, from San Francisco .••.••••••..•..•.....••. For Umpqua, wrecked atsea ...•........ .. . .. ....•.• . ..•••.... Point Arenas, wrecked ........................ . ...... . ....... . Little River, stranded •.•..•.••..••••• ··-········· .........••. Little River, stranded ...•••.........•.•..•• ••.•••••....... •• • For Noyo River . ...•.. .. . .. .. . .•........ ..... ..••.. ..... ..•••. For Timber Cove . ... ...... ...•.•..........•• . ....•.........•.. Humboldt Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . • . ..•. Columbi~RiverBar, wrecked . •.•..•..•..•.•••.•• .. ..•••..••.• Near Saint George's Point, wrecked .... ...........•... .. ..•.. Between Bellingham Bay an<l San Francisco, heavy weather .. Skaget Head, stranded .. ...........•••••...•.•.....•..••..••. Between N anaimo and San Francisco, heavy weather ...•...•. Port Discovery to San Francisco, dismasted ..........•....... Bellin:;rham Bay to San Francisco, heavy weather ....... .. : ••. Puget Sound to San Francisco, capsized ....•.................. Puget Sound to San Francisco, heavy weather ....... . ......•. Puget Sound to S..'tn Francisco, heavy weather ...... .. ..•. . ... Pnget Sound to San Francisco, heavy weather •... ••........•. Trial Island, went a-shore ....•.....••.•••.....•...••..•.•.•.... San Francisco to Victoria., heavy weather ....•..•...•..•..• .• .. Strait of Fuca, rrrccked ....••.•.•... · ••....•..•..•.••..••••...

ilt%~~i~~~~~~: ~: ~:::: ::~: ::::::::::: :! ::::::::: ~ ::::::::: Umpqur. Bar ........ . ..........•.•••••••••••..••••.•..•.•••••. Stewart's Point, wrecked ...•••...•••••••• •••.•. •••••.••••••••• San Francisco and ShoalwaterBay, foundered .....••...•••.••. .Albion River, heavy weather .•••.•.•••••••...•.•••••...•.••••. Off Bollega, capsized.. ...................... .............. •. San Francisco to Umpqua, heavy weather .. .....••••••••.•• ' ••• Coos Bay, wrecked ..............••••.•.....•••••••.••••••....• Albion Ri>er, stranded .....•.........•.•.•...•.....••.....•••. Noyo lliver, 'VJ'ecked ... ..........•.......•. .. •. .... ...••• . .... San Francisco to Victoria, heavy weather .......•....••••..••. San Francisco to :Mendocino, heavy weather ...•..•••......•.. Hnmbolrlt Bar ........ .......••... .. .....••...•............•••• Humboldt Bar .. ......... . ....•••.•..........•..•••........••. Capsized north of San Francisco ...•....•..•...•••••..•......•• Puget Sound to San Francisco, heavy weather •..• •..... . •.•.•. Puget Sound to San Francisco, aban<loned at sea ..•••••.•••••• Vancouver's Island ....•...........•••••..••••.•............... Nanaimo to San Francisco, heavy weather ..••••••..••.•.•..•.. Puget Sound to San Francisco, heavy weather .••....•.•..••... N anaimo to San Francisco. heavy weather .........•.• . .••..... Puget Sound to San Francisco, heavy weather ...........•..••. Puget Sound to San Francisco, heavy weather .... . ........... . Pu~et Sound to San Francisco, heavyweather ........••.••.•• Vancon>er's Island. wrecked .•••..•..•...... ... ... •. .....•••.. Sunk off Point Royes ......•.. , •..••.••••••••.•.•.•.••...•..••. San Francisco to Puget Sound, dismasted .••..• ; ...•........•.• San Francisco to North Pacific .•••.••••..........•....•....••.

Stove ...... . ....................•..•....•.. ...... ... . ......•.•.

~:s~~~~r:~=:~~~~=:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~~~:~ Stranded at Capa.:Mendocino ••••••.•...•..•.••...•.•...•.•....

~N~;~ c~?.~~e-~~t-~~~::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::: Wrecked at Mendocino ......••••••.•••••.•.•••.••.•••••..•••. Wreck¢ at Mendocino . .. ..•••••....•••..•• .••••••••••••••••. Struck Umpqua Bar and burned at Coos Bay •.••••••••••.....• WrP...cked at Bowen's Landing .••••••••••••••.....•••..•...•••• For Cape Mendocino ....••.•••••..•..••.••.••••••••..•.•••....

j~~ ~~Eri~~~~~~~::::::: ::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::~ :::~:: Wrecked at Drake's Bay ..••••..••.••..•.•••••..••••.••••••••. Wrecked on Columbia River Bar .••.. . .••• ••.•••••..•• •••••••. Wrecked in strait of Fuca ..••••...••••• ·---~- .•••••.•.......• Wrecked in strai~ of Fuca ..••••........•••••...•.•.•.•••.•••.. Wrecked near Cape Flattery .•.•.•..••..••••..••••.•••••...... From Puget Sound to Auckland, ran for Victoria, condemned.

~~:~:edt ~0:!~~::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::: ~ :::::::::: g:~:iz~ ~~ ~t;;! :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Stranded at :Yavarro ....••..••••.•••••••••••..••••.•.•...•••.• From Noyo, stranded at Drake's Bay .•••••..•..••.•• .• ...••.•.

Amount.

S!), 500 10,000 3,500

15,000 2,000 9,000

24,500 3,000 6,000

500 11,800 5,000 1, 500

500 10,000

1,000 600

5, 000 1. 661 6,000 7, 500 7,000

13,000 13,000

7,000 12, ooo-2, 500

500 5,000 5, 000 1,228

75,000 230,000

2, 000 27,742

7, 000 7,867 1,600

21 000 4:806 1,000 5,000

18,147 3,500

40,000

12,000 1 500 3:196 7,000 4,000

500 2,500 2,812

15,000 4,255

16,000 1,000 1,800

940 1,228 9,500

12, 7'22 12,700 12,000

887 956

7,390 9,615

12,000 7, ~36

25,000 160,000

8, 010 15,000

1,205 2, 800 2,000

902 75,000 10,000

5, 000 10,000

8, 000 60,000 5,000 6, 000 7,000 6,178

11,500 225,000 32,000 10,000 12,000 50,000

3,250 4,000

. 1;500 800

1, 500 3,000

Remarks.

Missing.

Total loss, passengers and crew.

Total loss.

Total loss.

Total loss. Total loss. Total loss. Total loss. Missing.

Total loss.

Missing. Missing.

Total loss. Total loss.

Total loss.

Total loss.

Total loss.

Tota.lloss. Missing.

Total loss.

Missing.

Repaired. Repaired. Total loss. Repaired.

Abandoned at sea.. Stranded and repaired. Total loss. Total loss. Total loss. Total loss. Never heard from. Never heard from. Damaged in g'al.e and repaired. ~I'otal loss. Total loss • Repaired in Pnget Sound Total loss. Total loss. Vessel and cargo sold.

Got off and repaired. Total loss with cargo. Recovered and repaired. Recovered and repaired. Got off and repaiied. Got off and repaired.

•

392 · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 'J A.l.~ARY 10,

Mm'itime dl.sasters 1w1·th of San Pran<?isco jron~ Janua1-y 1, 1861, to Decembe1· 31, 1869-Continued.

Date.

1868 Feb ... . June .. . Nov ... . Dec ... . Dec ... . Dec ... . Feb .•..

Feb .••. J!'eb . ... March. March. April .. May ... Sept ... Oct .. .. Sept .. . . July ... Oct ..•.

Name.

.American schooner A.da May ......••••••• American brig Commodore ...........•.••• .American schooner Ella Florence .••..••. American schooner Sine Johnson .••...... American schooner C. P. Huestes .......•. American schooner Henrietta. .•••.•.••••• American brig Sheet .Anchor .....•...•....

A.merican brig Hugh Barclay ..••••••.•••• American schooner .Anna Beck .....•..••. American s<..'hoonerColnmbia. ...•••••...... A-merican schooner Sa.rah ............... . .American schooner B. H. Ramsdell •••••• American schooner S. F. Blunt ......... . .American schooner J. A. Burr .•...•.••.•. American bark D. M. HalL. ...••• ••.. .•.. American bark Ocean .................... . .American schooner Louisa Downs ...••..• Italian bark Palestro ..................... .

Nov •... .American bark Mary .................... . Dec.... American 3-m. schooner Forest King ..•..• Dec.... Gautemalan ship Clarissa ............... ..

1869.

~:~ ~::: !.::~= :g:~=~ ~~~ ~71~~:: :::::::: Feb .... American schooner West Evans .....•.... .April .. American schooner A. J.Mooje ......... .. Apri1 .. American schooner .Amazon ....••.•••.•.. Au_g . . . American schooner Costa Sacramento ..... Sept!>.. .American schooner Louisa Simpson . ...•.. Sept . . . American schooner Twin Sisters ......... . Nov . . . AmeriCan. schooner J. J. Fransen .•••••.••• Dec ..• . American schooner .Alaska ...•••... . •••. Dec .... .American brig Ida D. Rodgers ........... . Dec .... American schooner .Ajax ................. . Nov .... .American schooner Sovereign ...•..•.....• Dec.... .American schooner Haze.... • . • . . • . • • . • .. Dec.... .American schooner Oste~ .....•....•.. : • . Feb.. .. .American bark Harvest Queen .•••••..•••• Nov ... ·American bark Kutustoff . .......•••••.... Nov... American bark W. A. Banks ............. . Dec.... American schooner Ward J. Parks .•..•.. June ... .American schooner Lizzie ..••...•...... ... Feb .•• . British ship John Bright .••........••.....

Nov. .. .American bark M. J. Smith .............. .

Dec.... British bark Ruby ...................... ..

Dec .... American bark Vernon ................... .

Place.

From .Albion, stranded at N oyo ............................... . Struck Coos Bay Bar, sprung leak .•.•••.•••••.•••••.•.•..•... Wrecked at Mendocino ....................................... . Stranded at .Albion ..••••. ..•••. .••.•.•••••••••••••.••••••.•••• Capsized at sea and drifted ashore at Noyo .•.• .•••••...••••••. Wrecked at Tomales ......................................... . Wrecked at Coos Bay ........................................ .

:O~i~;~.~~~~2a~-~i8:: :::::::::::::.:::::::::::::::::::: Wrecked at Cnffey's Cove in gale ..•..••••••.•.••.......••..•.. Stranded at Noyo ...•••.•..••••••.•••.....•••.••••..•••.•••.••. Bound for Mendocino, lost foremast-head . .•••••.....•.•.. .. .. Wrecked at Point Arenas ..•••••.•••••...••...•..... .••.•• •••. Sunk at sea., off Russian Ri7er ................. ...... ........ .

~a~~~ ~~~:i;a:::~~i: ::::::::::::: ~:::::: ::::::::::::: For Paget Sound, injured in gale, ran to San Francisco, con-

demned. From Po~et. Sound, injured in gale ........ . .................. . From Paget Sound to Honolulu, damaged in gale .••.••••..•.•• From Puget Sound to Valparaiso, da.triaged in gale .......... ..

Stranded in .Albion River ...••• .• .......••.••...•••...........• Stranded at Point Arenas .............................. . .... .. Stranded Cuffey's Cove ....................................... . Wrecked at Bowen's Landing ..... ...••••.•••••...••.•.•..•••. Stranded Point Arenas ....... ........ ........................ .

~~~l~f~l!-?~::-~-~-~-:~-~-~·::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::: ~a~~ i~~li~~ ~ ~ ~ ·~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~=~~ ;l~:6~;-~~~::: :::::::::: ~:: :::::::::::::::::::: Off Cape Mendocino, foundered ..•••.•••••...••.• . .....•••...•. From Hellingham Bay, foundered ............................. . Wrecked strait of Fuca .•..• .•.•••...•.•...• ........•.•••...•. Stranded strait of Fuca .................. .. .................. . For Sitka, damaged in gale .•••••••••••.•••••.•••••..••••.••••. ~~nluget ~und to Coquimbo, wrecked at Vancouver's

From Paget Sound to A.ustralia, wrecked at Vancouver's Island. •

From Puget Sound to New Zealand, wrecked at Vancouver's -Island.

From Puget Sound to Honolulu, foundered ......••..••••...•••

Amount.

$i50 4,278 5,500 2, 500 6,000 4, 000 7,313

12,000 750

5,000 1. i50

500 3,000 2,500 9, 000 8,000 5,000

15,000

Remarks.

GQt off and repaired. Repaired, San Francisco. Got off and repaired . GQt off and repaired: Total loss of vessel and cargo. Total loss of vessel and cargo. GQt off after six months' detention and

repaired. Total loss. Returne(l to San Francisco for repaire. Tot.alloss. Got off and repaired.

Totallos11. 'l.'oulloss. Total loss . Total loss. Total loss.

1, 200 Repaired. . 1, 160 Repaired in San Francisco. 8, 766 Repaired in San Francisco.

14,100 1,500 5, 962 5,000 2, 870 1, 500 1,500 5,600

12,000 5,000

l2, 000 8,500 2,000 2, 500 1,200

13,000 14,800

6,600 3,827 1,500 15~ 000

21,000

22,500

Got off and repaired. GQt off and repaired. Got off and repaired. Total loss . Raised and repaired. Saved. Put in Albion. Saved. Total loss. Total loss. Total loss. Total loss. GQt off and repaired. GQt o~ water-logged, nnd repairod. Repaired. Never heard from. Never heard from. Total loss. 6-Qtoff. ~tu_~s~ San Francisco.

Total loss.

Total loss.

10, 000 AU perished.

Maritime disasters '1/orth of San Fra11ci.sco ft·om January 1, 1870, to June 3Q, 1878.

Name of ve83el.

1870. Feb .. : . .American bark Charles"De,rins ... ......•.

May ... June ... June .•. Oct ••.. Nov ... Nov .. Nov ... Dec .••. Dec ..•. Dec ••••

1871. Jan •••. Jan •••. Jan .••. Feb •••. Feb •••. Feb •••. Feb ..•. Feb .. .. Feb ... . Feb .. .. Feb .••. Feb ..• . Feb . .• .. Feb .••. March. April .. April. May ... May .•. June .•. July ... Oct. •••. Nov .. . Nov .. . Nov .. . Nov .•. Nov ...

American brig Occident .••.••...•........ American steamer Active .•.•............ American schooner Bunkalation ....... . . . American schooner Alice . ............••••. American schooner Wild Pigeon •....•..•. American schooner Idaho .....••••........ .American schooner Florence. . . . . . . . ..•.. .American schooner Norwester ...•.•....•. American schooner Alice Haake ......... . .American schooner Potte11 •••.••••••.••••.

.American bark Massachusetts .•........ . . A.merican bark Forest King ......•.••••.. American ship B. Aymer .............•... American schooner Kate Piper.· .•..•.•.•.. American schooner William .......•....• . American schooner Anna .•••..•.. .. .•.... American schooner Francis ..•....•....... .American schooner Lizzie Derby ....•.... .American schooner Fannie A. Hyde ..•.•• American schooner George Hinrich ..•.... American schoonhl' Huiehica ...........•. .American schooner J. H. Roscoe ..•.....•. American schooner Fanny Piper ........•. .American schooner Tolo ...•.....••..•.. .. .American schooner William F. Bowne ..•. .American schooner ¥argaret Crockard ... .American schooner GQlden Rnle .••....••. American schooner ~Cleveland .•...•• American schooner Clara L. West ......•.. .American schooner Brilliant ......••.•.... American bark Washington .••..•••••... . American bark Whistler ....... ..... .... .. .American brig Crimea .•••••...........•.. .American schooner Vanderbilt ........... .

!:~:~ t~~~;~t1f~·a·.-~~ia:::: America.n bark Live Yankee ..••••..•.....

Place of disaster. Remarks.

Coos ".Bay to San Francisco, parted hawser while in tow, went $5, 000 Partial los . ashore ancl sunk.

San Francisco to Coos Baitui . . . . • . . . • . . . . . . • • • . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • . 15, 000

f~~!!~~~N!=: s·~i: :::::::::::::: ::~ ~: ::::::::::: : ~~~ ~~ ~~ Went ashore at Stewart's Point ........................................ . Alaska to San Francisco ..•..•••••••••••••••.......•....• . ......•.••••••

~g;!de~s~{!I!~~:r~f:~~~:::: :::::::::::::::::::::: ::·::: :::::::::: Humboldt Bar ................................................ .•••. : ... . San Francisco to Arctic Ocean ......................................... .

San Francisco to Scammon's Lagoon .............................. . ... ..

1}~~d~~~:t,BA~~~~~:: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::: Driven ashore at Stewart's Point in a gale. ........••••.........•••••.... Stranded at Stewart's Point in a gale.................... . • . . . . . ...•.....

~lk!Ii~ !i!~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~=~ ~~~ ~~:::: ~~~~~~ ~=~~~~~::: Went ashore at Stewart's Point ......••.••••••.......•••...•...•••.•.•• Stranded at Stewart's Point. Alaska coast, stranded . . • . . . . . . . • . . • . • • . . • . • • • • • . • . • • • • • . • • • • • . •.•••.... Stranded in a gale at Stewart's Point ..••.••..•.......•••••••••...•...••. Stranded at mouth of Casper Creek .••.••..•..............••..•.•••••.... Stranded at mouth of CasperCreek ........ ... .................... · •.•.... Capsized at Coos Bay Bar . • • • • • . • • • . • • • .. • • • • • . . . • • . . • • .. • • • • • 3, 000 Stranded at Bowen's Landing .. ........................................ . Stranded at Stillwater Cove .••••••••••••.••..•••••••••••.•••••••••.•.••. Cook's Inlet ............................................................ .

~=~: :~ g~~~~~~~~~-~:::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::: San Francisco to Portland .............................................. .

~ ~~~= f~ s~~~~g{fJ,~~::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::: San Francisco to Stewart's Point ....................................... .

~~1~?fo:EJ:!~~~~~~~-~~~~-~~-~~~~~-~~~::::::: ::: ... :~: ~-

Total los;;. Total loss. Total loss. Total loss. Total loss. Never heard from; Total loss. Total loss. Partial loss . Never heard from.

Total loss. Total loss. Lost at sea.

8 li\VeS loat.

Partial loss ; repaired. TotallQss. Repaired. l:.epaired. Returned to San Francisco foc repaiftl . Returned to San Francisco for repaits. Total loss.

GQt off and repaired. Total loss. ¥:.~r~. and 2 lives lost.

Repaired in San Francisco. Disabled, and towed to San Franciaoo. Towed to San-Francisco and repaired. Total loss. Total loss. Totallo83. Partial loss. Returned to San Francisco for repairs. Partial loss. Partial loss. Total loss. Never heard from.

• 1879. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 393

MarUi11te disasters nm·t-h of Sa1L Francisco jron1r Jamtary 1, 1870, to June 301 1878-Contiimed.

Date. Name of vessel. Place of disaster. Remarks.

• I Sill.

"Nov .•• American schooner .Amanda. A.ger •••..••. Humboldt to San Francisco .•••••.....•..••.•..•••••••.•........•••••.••. Never he:mlf:rom. 'Doo. •• . American brig Kitty Coburn .••••••••...•. Betwoon Bnrrard's Inlet and San Francisco .••••...••••••••••••••••••••. Partial damago. Deo.... American ship Winawa.rd . . . . . . • . • • • • . . . • . Off Columbia River........................ . • • • • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • . • •• • • • . • • . Cnt away masts to save 8lU .... Dec •••• American bark Shooting Star ............. San Francisco to Nanaimo; stranded .................................... Got off and returned to SaD. FraacifJoo

for repairs. Dec ....

1872. Jan ..•. Feb ••.. Feb .... Feb .••. Feh ..•. Feb .... Feb •••. Feb .... March. .April .. April .. .April .. May .. . May .. . .iJune .. . June .. . ..A.ng .. . .()ct •••. Nov .... Nov ..•. Nov .... Dec ..•. Dec .••.

t873. Jan .. . Jan .... . Feb .••. April .. June .. . Oct ... . Oct ... . -Oct ... . ·Oct ... . .:Nov •.•. Nov- .. J>ec .••. .Dec .•.. Dec .••. Dec .... .Dec ..•. Dec ..•. Dec ... . Dec ... . Dec ... .

1874. .Jan ... . Jan .. .. . Jan .•.. Feb ••• Feb •... March. March. March . Jrlaroh. April .. May .•• .June ... .July ..• Ang ... . <Oct. .. .. Nov .. . Nov .•.

11875. . Jan .. .. .Jan ... . Jan ... . .Jan ... . Feb .. .. Feb .. . March. llarch . .April .. May .. . May .. . :May .. . June .. . .June .. . July ... . .July ... . . July .•.. .July ....

~~~::: Nov •. _ .

American schooner Liberty ..••••••••.•••. American schooner Alaska .•.•••.•••.••••. Amerir.an steamer Commodore ..•••.....•. American steamer U. S. Grant ........... . American ship Helen Foster •••••••••..••. American bark Mallory .................. . German ship CorneliJl. ................... . Am ex} can sloop Decatur ...... ....... .... .

American schooner Starr King •••.••.....•

±::~~ :~~:~=~ ~il~=~:: ~ ~ ~:: :: American schooner Meldon ..•••••.••...• . American schooner Therese ..•.••..•..•. . American schooner B. F. Lee ............ . American schooner West Evans .••......• American schooner Emilie Schroder ...•.. British bark Speedwell ............... .. . . American schooner Elnora ..•....•••....•. American schooner C. A. Drew ...•.....•. American schooner Hannah Louise ..•.••. American schooner D. S. Williams ..... .. American schooner W. H. Meyer .....•.•. American steamer California ...••..••.••. American steamer Idaho ................ . American schooner Energy ..••...••...••• American schooner Walter Raleigh . .••••• American bark Chris. Mitchell .......... .. American ship CoqnimbD ................ .

~~=t~~;; :Fre~o~i: ::::::::::: American steamer George S. Wright ...... American schooner Amethyst .•.......... American bark Almetra ................ .. American schooner Meldon ...........••. American schooner Emma Adelia ........ .

American schooner Wm. Mighel. ........ . American schooner Sovereign ..•...••.••• American schooner Mary creveland ..••.. American schooner Light Wing .••• : .•••. American schooner Enterprise .•••••...... American schooner Nellie Edes .....••••.• American schooner William Ireland ...•.. American steamer Fearless ............ .. American schooner Bobolink ..•....•...•. American schooner Pinol .•••••.•.•.....•. American llchooner John Httnter •••••••.•. American schooner Mary Hare •........•. American schooner Ann M. Iverson .••••• American schooner Elida ...•.•.•••.. ..• .. American sloop .Artfnl Dod gar .•...••••••. Amerian~loopN. L. TibbalS .............. . American sloop True Blue .•••••.......•.. American schooner Forest King .••••.•.•. British"bark Resedale ................... . British bark Fanny ...................... .

American ship Panther .................. . American schooner Laura May .•.•....... American steamer Diana ................ . Amerian steamer North Pacific ••.......•. American schooner H. Caroline .......... . Fr0nch brig Side .•.......•..•..•••..••.• . . American schooner J. :Mora. Moss ........ . American bark Chris. Mitchell .••..•.•.••. American schooner :Margaret ....•...••.•. American ship James Cheston •••••••...•. American steamer Eastport .•••....•••••.. British ship Prince Alfred ..........•.•..• British ship Warrior Qnoon ...•..••...•... American schooner J. E. Haskins .•....... American bark Shooting Star ....•........ American schooner Sine Johnson ...•.•... American schooner Emily A. Farnham ....

American schooner Osceola •••••..•.•..... American schooner N ortbwester .••..••••. American schooner Ellen Adelia •••.•.••.• American schooner Barbara ••••••.••••... American steamer Los Angeles .••.•.•.•.. American schooner Venus .......•••••••.. American bark Architect . ••••••.......... American schooner Ontario .............. . American steamer Eastport ..••........••. American bark Union .................... . .American schooner Glenarm ............ .. .American schooner Orient ...•..........•. .American steamship .Ajax ................ . British bark Forward .....•..........•.... .American sloop Lizzie Brown ....•..•••.•. .American schooner Silas Coombs ......... . American bark Clara. R. Sutil. ........... . American schooner Eaatport ..•.•........ . American schooner Sitka. ................. . American btig Willimantic ............... . American schooner Dud .................•.

Stranded at Timber Cove .............................................. .. Month of Coqnille River ................. .-.................... $2,500 Wrecked off Coqnille River................................... 4, 000 Driven ashore at month of Columbia River ..... ~ ....................... . NeahBay .............................................................. .

~::e~~~d: :::::::: ~=:::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::: Off Washington Territory .............................................. .

San Francisco to Coos Bay .. .. . . . . . . . • .. • • • • .. • • • • ... • .. • .. .. • 15, 000 Stranded off Navarro River ............................................ . Broke from moorings at Mendocino .................................... . Stranded in Cnffey's Cove . ........ .... ................................ .. Dragged ashore at Point Arenas ........................................ .

~~~ ::~~;: :~~~~! ±::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ~==: :: :::::::::: Dragged ashore at Point Arenas ........................................ . Dragged ashore at Point Arenas ........................................ .

~"1l'~i~~ru.~~~:::: :: ~ ::::: ~::: ::::::::::: ~=::: :::::::::::::: :::::::::: Wrecked off Rnssian Gulch ........................................... .. Between Humboldt and San Francisco .................................. . Pnget Sound, stranded ................................................ .. Damaged on passage from Victoria to Portland, Oregon .••......•...•....

~?':&~c~~~ ~~~\~~-~:: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::·: :::::: Capsized anll drifted ashore near Cape Flattery .•.•••..••••..•. Sprang a leak at Port Madison .............................. .. Sprang_ a leak at Port Madison ...... .. .... . ................. . From .rort Discovery. . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. • .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . . . . . ........ . San Francisco to Oonalarka .. . .. . . . . . . . .. • . . .. . . .. . • . .. . .. . • .. .. • . .. .. . Sitka to Portland ...................................................... .. San Francisco to Port •.rownsend .... . .................................. . Bnzzard Inlet to Australia .......................................... . .. .

~ff'~::a~~a~~ed~~~ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10,000

San Francisco to Tomales ............ . ..... .... .................. ...... . Ofl'Rnssian River, California .......................................... .. San Francisco to Point Arenas, stranded ...............•.•......•.•..... . Stranded at Salmon Creek .............................................. . Stranded at month of Umpqua Bay . . . . . . • . . . . . • .. • • .. . • • . . . . . 10, 000 Struck roof in Cook's Inlet .. ............................... ........ ... .. Stranded on Oren[a Island in a gale . . .. . • . .. . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 0, 060 Stranded in Coos .t53Y • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. • • • .. • .. • .. • • • • . • • • • • • • • • 8, 000 Stranded at month of Umpqua River.......................... 14, 000 Stranded at Stewart's Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 500 Stranded at Yaqnina :Bay . ..... ...... .... .• .... .. ....•.. ...... 10,000 San Francisco to Humboldt, capsized...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !:!, 000 Drove a-shore at Point Arenas.................................. 5, 000 Coos Bay to San Francisco, capsized in a st{)rm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 000 Stranded at Protection Island.......... . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. .. .. ....... .

~~n~~~!:dg~! tc~~~~r·:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::: ~::: ::: Stranded on Vancouver's Island ......... ... .......................... . . . Stranded on Vancouver's Island ......................................... . Stranded on Discovery Island ......................... ,. . . . . . . . . ........ .

N anaimo to San Francisco, lost in snow storm at N avatTO Reef. 39, 000 Stranded nine miles north of Coos Bay . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . 14, 000 Off Cape Flattery, disabled. drove ashore, and broke np . . . . . . . 10, 000 Stranded in gale in strait of Fuca. .. . .. • . . . . . . . .. .. . . . .. • . . .. .. 4, 000 Wrecked at Tomales.......................................... 1, 175 Wrecked at Sand Island, month of Columbia Ri\er. .... .. . . 52,000 Capsized in a beary squall off Stewart's Point................. 4, 000 Wrecked at Dungeness............ .... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. • . . . . . . 6, Bi.> Sitka to San Joan Isklnd. wrecked in a heavy gale ..................... .

~~~:: il:z:eoa::tt~ ::::::::::.-.-.- ,._-_-.-.-.-:.-::::::::::::: :: ~: ggg Stranded on Duxbury r.eef . ........ :. . . . • . . . . .. ... .. . . . . .... . . 120,000 Stranded north of Point Reyes............................ . ... 40, 000 Capsized off Point Reyes .......................... -........... 2,500 Nanaimo to San Francisco ........................................... .. . . San :Francisco to Point Arenas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 000 San Francisco to Crescent City .................... ·...... . ..... 12, 000

Partial loss. Total loss. Total loss. Partial loss. Partialloils. Partial loss. Total loss.

Never heard from. Total loss. Total loss. Repaired and lannched. Got off and repaired. Got off and repaired. :&ebnilt. Got off and repaired. Total loss; part of cargo Mved. Partial loss. Partial loss. Total loss. Repaired at San Francisco. Pal1ialloss. Taken to San Francisco for repa.irs. Partial los. . . Dismast€u. All lost. Repaired at San Franci ·co. Rep:lirod at an Francisco. Put into San l<"rancisco for repairs. Disabled. Never heard from; 33lives loi!t. Fartialloss. PartialloS3. Total los." wit·h all on board. Vessel aml ono mau lost.

One man lost. Total loss. Returned to San l<'ranciS('O for repairs. Total wre<·k.

Disa.bled. '.rotalloss.

i~~~ 1~ss: Total loss . Total loss. Total loss; 6live loi~t. Total loss. Total loss; 15 li>es lost . Total loss. Total 'loss . Total loss. •.rotalloss. Partial los . Total loss.

Tota.llosa . Tota.lloss. Totallosa . Partial load. Total loss. T&talloss. Total loss ; 1 man lost Total loss. Total loss. Partial loss. Pa.rtiallo s. • Total los.;; . Totnllos . Total loss. Partial loss. Total loss. Never helll'(l from ; 11 lives.toet.

Dragged ashore at Fort Ross . . . . • • . . • • . . . . . . .. . . . . . • . . .. . . .. .. 1, 500 I Partillli loss. Stranaed on Rogne River Bar.................................. 7, 500 Total loss. Stranded in heavy [!ale a.t C.rescent City....................... 3, 500 Partial los<!. Driven on shore south of Kodiak .... . ................................... Total loss. Off Tillamook Head, Oregon .......•.................... •...... 10, 000 Partialloos. Dragged ashore in hea·vy gale a.t Point .Arenas................. 8, 000 Partial loss. Dragged ashore at mouth Columbia River..................... 8, 000 Total loss. Stranded in heavy gale at San Juan, strait of Fuca............ 1, 000 Total loss. Stranded at Duxburv Reef.................................... 20,000 Partiallos.s. Stranded at Clark's island, Wasltington Sound................ 12, 000 Total loss; 1 life los • San Francisco to Russian River; stranded in heavy sea . . . . . . 8, 500 Total loss. Stranded on Shoal water BayBar...... ............ .... .. ...... 5, 000 Partialloss .

~i;~g:s ~~ ±:~%:: ~ ~ ~.:::: ~::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: .... ~: ~- 1 ~:~~ t~: Stranded mouth of Colomb1a R1vet..... ... . . . . . .. • . • . .. . . .. .. . 150 I Partial loss . Dri>en ashore at Little River.................................. 16,000 Total loss . Struck by hea•:v sea on passage from San Francisco to Coos Bay. 1, 800 I Total loss. Stranded :!?ear Point Arenas................................... 64, 000 Totalloss; 3li>es loat. Wrecketl m gale at Wrangel, Alaska.......................... 1, 050 Total loss. Foundered in heary gale ncar Humboldt Bay..... ............ 10,000 Total loss ; lives lost. Capd:m I slantl. strandetl in a gale.. . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 000 . Total loss.

394 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. J.L'WARY 10,

Maritime -disasters nm·tlt of San Francise6 from, January 1, 1870, to June 30, 1878-Continued.

Date. Name of vessel. Place of clisaster. Remarks.

• 1875.

:Yov.. •• American steamer Pacific ................ . Collision with the American ship Orpheus, tbil-ty miles south- 100,000 Total loss; 236lives lost ..

Total loss. Nov .. .. Nov ... . Nov .. . Nov .. . Nov .. . Nov ... Nov .. . Nov .. .

American ship Orpheus .................. . American schoonerW. S.Phelps ........ .. American ship ll:mily Farnham ..•.••.. . ... American steamer Gussie Telfair •.•..•.•. American schooner Meta Bend .••...•••••. American bark David Hoa.dly ............ . American bark Florence .................. . American schooner Sunshine .•...••......•

west of Cape Flattery. Barclay Sound, British Columbia., stranded .................. . San Francisco to Shoal water Bay, stranded in a tornado .. ..•.• Stranded at Destruction Island ........................ . .... .. Stranded near mouth Columbia River . ......••• .. . ......•...... Stranded mouth .Rogne River ........ . ........................ . Lost part of cargo in heavy gale off Columbia. River .••..•••.• Abaridoned twenty miles south of Umpqua River .......... .. Ten miles north of Cape Foulweather, capsized and drifted

ashore.

40,000 3,000 ~.ooo. 6,000 7,000

450 8, 000

45,000

Partial loss. Total loss ; 2lives lostt. Partial loss. Totallo s. Partial loss. Total loss; 9 lives lost. Total loss ; 20 li-ves Jo&t,

Nov . .. American ship Coquimbo ........ ...... .. . Stranded at Point Wilson on passage from Port Madison to San Francisco.

3, 000 Partiallo s.

Dec ... . Dec ... . Dec ..•. Dec ... .

1876. ,Tan ... . Jan .. .. Jan .•.. Jan ... . Feb ... . Feb ... . Feb ... . .April .. April .. May ... June ... June ... Aug ... Aug ... Sept ... Oct •••. Oct .. .. Nov .. .. Nov .. .. Nov .. .. Jan ... . Jan .. .. Feb .. .. Feb .. .. Feb .. . April ..

April .. April .. June .. . June .. . Aug .. .

1877. Sept .. . Oct .. .. Oct .. .. Oct ... . Oct .. .. Oct .. .. Ntlv .. .. Nov .. .. Nov .. .. Nov .. .. Nov .. .. Nov .. .. Nov .. .. Nov .. .. Dec .. .. Dec .. .. Dec .•.. Dec .... Dec ••••

1878. Jan .. .. Jan .. .. ,Jan ... . Jan .. .. Jan .. .. Jan .. .. Feb .. .. Feb .••. Feb .. .. Feb .. .. Feb .• · .. Feb .... Feb .· ... Feb .••. Feb .. .. Feb .. .. March. March. April .. April .. April .. Jtily .. . Sept .. . Sept ·· ­Sept ... Sept .. . Oct .. .. Oct .. ..

American steamer Los Angeles .... . ..•... American bark Oak Hill ................. .

Broke en~e in heavy gale south of Columbia. River ................... . Port Blak:ely to San Francis'co ................ . :.. . . • .. . • .. . . . . 5, 000

One life lost. Partial loss. Partiallo . Partial loss.

American schooner Sparrow .........•.••. American bark Powhatan ...•......••.•••.

Stranded at mouth of Umpqua. River ......... ... ....................... . At sea off Cape Foul weather, heavy weather.. . . . • • . . . . . . • . • • . 200

American bark Rival .......• . ......•..•.. American schooner Kate L. Heron .••....• American schooner Ca.rolita. .••.......•.••. American schooner Harriet Rowe .... .... . American schooner Uncle Sam ........... . American schooner Susie ................. . American bark Iconium ................ .. American schooner Caroline Medan .••..•• American schooner Albert and Edward ... American schooner Jas. Townsend ..• ••••. American schooner Bill the Butcher ..••• ~ American steamer Panama ....•...... .• 5 American schooner Undaunted ...•.••.•. .

~:I~!~~c:o~~~rnfi~;~~;;b::::::: :: American brig Perpetna ..... ........... . . American schooner Fidelit.er .••••.. . .... .. American schooner Fairy Queen .•••••..•. American steamer Pelican ....•••.••...... American bark Gem of the Ocean .........

!::g:~-t~lkco:k~~:: :::::::::::::: American schooner Artful Dodger •••..... American schooner Ida Schnauer ...•.•.•. American schooner Sparkling Sea ......••. American schooner MorniBg Star .. .....•.

American schooner Lizzie ..•.••.......... American Schooner Mose .•••.•....••...•. American ship Washington Libby ....... . American bark Cambri<lge ........•......• American bark Modoc .................. ..

American schooner American Girl. •. ..... American schooner C. H. Mf¢thew ..•.. t American steamer Monterey ••••••..•.•• S American schooner Selma. ................ . American schooner Nautilus ......... .... . American schooner Johannes .•...•....... American steamer Bouquet .•••.•..•..... . American schooner Martha and Elizabeth. American steamship City of Chester ..•.•• American schooner Mary Cleveland ....•.• American brig Hazard ............. ~ -- ... . American schooner Eden ..•....• ....••.•• American steamer San Vicente ..•...•. ..• American bark Oak Hill ................ .. American schooner Emilie Fransen ..... ~ American schooner B. F. Lee ........... 5 American schooner Marrett.a ....•...••..•. American ship Leading Wjnd ..•...••••.•• American ship Pilgrim .. .•••••.••••• •••. .•

Stranded at mouth Columbia. River .••...•..•••......• . .•••.••. From Tillamook, dra~ged ashore at Smith's Point ......••...•. Stranded at Fisk's Mill ....................................... . Stranded at Port Orford ..................................... . . Wrecked off Cape Foul weather .............................. .. Stranded at Stewart's Point ........................... . ...... . Southwest of Cape Flattery .................................. . Stranded at Yaquina Bar ..................................... . Capsized at Humboldt Bar .... .. ........................... .. Off Dod ega, in rough sea ..................... ............. ... .. Collided off Bowen's Landing ........... .. ........... ........ . Stranded at Bowen's Landing ................................. . Stranded near Columbia. River Bar ........................... . Stranded tttPointReyes ..................................... .. Coos Bay to San Francisco, foundered at·sea off Cape Gregory. Dragged ashore at Cu.trey's Cove ............................ .. Off Mendocino, SJ?rung a leak ............ · ... .................. . Off Capo llendocmo ... ....................................... .. At sea, on passage from San Francisco to Seattle .....•..•••.. ~ . Stranded at Cape FlAttery . .................................. .. Slranded in thick weather at North Point Shoal, Wa.ah. T ... . Stranded at Bowen's Landing in heavy sea .... .' .............. . Drap:ged ashore in gale at Dnngeness .................... -· .. .. San Francisco to Coos Bay ............... ... ................. . Sprung a leak, water-~ogged, and capsized southwest of Point ~yes.

Stranded at Yaqnina Bar ................................... .. San Francisco to Coquille River; gale and heavy sea .....•. ... Seattle Harbor; accidental ...... ..... ........................ . Capsized fifteen miles southwest of Cape Flattery R()cks ..••.• Stranded in strait of Fuca .................................... .

Stranded at Duxbury :Reef .. .. .. .. .. • .. • .. .. • • .. .. .. .. .. • .. .. Collided off Bowen's Landing ................................. .

~=~~ ~~ ~~t~:hit~:: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Stranded at mouth of Little River in heavy sea ....•••••••.••.

~~~!~ ~~~o;?:~ ~~g: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Mouth Columbia. River in heavy sea ......................... . Wrecked in heavy sea at mouthNoyo River .................. . Dis~ted, &c.t at month Columbia. River ... ................. .

~tullie3~lih:.;s0Rrv!:!.~~ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:: :::::: Port Blakely to Australia, at sea, off Cape Mendocino, in a storm. Cuffey's Cove, collided ...... ." ........................... . ... · { Stranded at Humboldt Bar .................................. .. Dragged ashore on bar north of Columbia River ..•...•.•....•• Moutn Columbia. River, stranded .... .......... .............. ..

American schooner Susan A. Owens.... .. Stranded at Mendocino . ............ . .......... ........... .... . American schooner Annie Gee ..... . _.... CooR Bay to San Francisco, off Cape Mendocjno . . . . . - ...•...•.. American bar-King Philip............... San Francisco to Pt!get Sound ................... . ............ . American schooner 'Lola.................. Trinidad, stranded, stress of weather ........................ .. American schooner Free Trader .......... Drake's :Bay, stranded ........................................ . American schooner Mose ... .•..•.••.......

1

Drag~ed a-shore in Drake's Bay .. ............................ . . AmericaJI. schooner B. H. Ramsdell . ...... Humooldtto San Francisco .................................. .. American bark Orep;on . .. .. . . • .. . . . . . . . . . Seabeck to San Francisco, at sea ............................. . American schooner Courser. . . • . . • . . . . . . . Port Ludlow to. San Francisco, continuous gales on passage .. . American schooner Alice . . .. . . . .. .. • . . . . . Port :Blakely to San Francisco ................................ . American schooner Fourth of July . . . . . . . l!{orth of Point Bonita, heavy gale ........•••• ..••..... .....•. American ba.rkantine Hattie Flickinger . . Port Blakely to San Francisco ........................ .. ...... . Amertcan bark Gem of the Ocean . • • . . . • . Departure Bay to San Francisco, strained in heavy gales ...••. American schooner James Townsend..... Off Cape Mendocinoi heavy gales .................. .......... .. American barkantine ~onstitution ........ DuXbury Reef, whir wind . .... ............ ................... . American schooner Twin Sisters . . • • . . • .. Trinidad, stranded ....................................... : .••. American schooner J. G. Wall............ Crescent City, stranded ......................... . ........... .. American schoonerJ. P. Haven ..... . .... Foundered ten miles north of Tomales Point .............. . .. . American steamer Cordelia . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . San Francisco to Coquille River . .•.•••••••••••••••.••••• .• .••• American schooner Johanna M. Brock .... San Francisco to Humbolde Bay .............................. . American schooner Lizzie Madi on . .. . . .. Eureka to San Francisco, ,heavy co~tinuous gales ............ . American ship Western Shore ............ Duxbury Reef, stranded .................................... .. American steamship An con ..••••••....• ~ N tb u R" llided 5 American schooner -phil Sheridan ....... 5 ear mou mpqua tver, co · • .. · • • • • • · · · · · • ·- • · ·- • 'l British ship Jesse Osborne................ Between Point Bonita and Duxbury Reef .................... . American schooner Mary Hart . . . . . . • . . . . Bowen's Landing, foundered .•....••••.•••••...•••.•••••..•. •. American schooner Mary Lunt ........... Mouth of Navarro River, stranded in a gale .................. . American barkantine Free Trade ...... . . . OffQuilleyute Rooks, Washington Territory, water-logged an'd

200 200

16,000 8,000

14,000 5,800 2, 000 8,200

11,750 5,500 3,200 4,000 2, 500

110. 17,000 30,000

1:10 1, 750

150 20,000

100 4, 300

150 600

12,175

Partial loss. Partial loss. Total loss. Total loss. Total loss; 6lives lost. Total loss. Partiallo s. Total loss. Total loss; 5lives lost. Partial loss. Partial loss. Partial loss. Partial loss. Partial loss. Totallo ; 4 lives lost. Total loss. Partial loss. Partial loss. Partial loss. Total loss. Partiallo s. Totallo . Partial loss. Partialloss. , Total loss ; 1life lost.

3,500 Totalloss. 600 Partialloss.

4, 000 Partial loss. 11, 000 Total loss; 1life lost. 1, 500 Partial loss.

1, 200 Partial los . 1,100

8,900 3,280

10,000 1,500 5, 400

250 6,576 1,000 4. tl!lO 2,.000

600 1,400

13,000 12,400

9, 200 16,000

12,000 400

19,000 16,000 6,000 4,000 1 300 2;ooo 4,000 1, 300 2, ggg

600 1,000 1,500 2,100 2,500 3,000

11,000 12,000 3,400

71,000 50

16,000 &3,000 4,620 3,800

11, soo

Partiallo s Total los . Totallos . Total loss. Partial loss. Totallo s. Partiallo s; Total loss. Partial loss. Total loss. Partial lo s. Partial loss. Partiallo s. Totallo Total loss. Partial loss. Partial loss.

1life lost..

Total lo ; 1 life lost­Partial loss. Partiallo s. Total loss. Partiallo . Partial loss. Partial loss. Partial loss. Partial loss. Partial loss. Total loss; 3 lives lost. Partial loss; 2 lives lost.. Partial loss. Partial loss. Partial loss. Partial loss. Partililloss. Total loss. Never heard from; :; lives lost~ Ne-.er heard from; 6lives lost. Partial loss. Total loss. Slight damage. Total loss. Total loss. Total loss. Totallo s. Total loss.

stranded, heavy weather. Oct .... American schooner John Stitson .......... Between Fort Ross and-San Francisco ........................ . 2,000 Total loss.

. I

1879. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. . 395 I have, Mr. President, thus relucta;ntly felt constrain~ ~o bring

forward this array of marine loss of life and property, believmg that true statesmanship would not, for mere temporary ~enefit or local pride, permit any concealment of the truth o.r suppressiOn of re~l bc~s.

The permanent aid to our commerce designed by the pending bill wil1, I trust, in the future, when years shall have passed away, more than com pens ate for any supposed temporary cloud that may be thrown over the commerce of .that coast by a truthful exposition, not only of its extent and advantages, but of its disadvant-l.ges and perils as w~ll. While we may not in all things welcome Mahomet as our pattern, he, we are told "destroyed to· save, and planted science and art in fields fertilized by blood." The physician who would effect a cure in an intelligent and speedy manner must of necessity understand the nature. of the disease and the perils to which the patient is exposed, and how often then to save must tbe knife be applied and the limb amputated.

The true sentinel on the watch-tower, unlike the pirates on the coast of Barbary who allure but .to deceive and destroy, will proclaim aloud to approaching fleets the dangers of the. passage. . .

The Government, in view of these frequent disasters, has Withm the past two years taken one important step in the right direction by establishing, thro~gh the v_ery efficien~ United State!J life-saving serv­ice eight life-saVl.ng stations on thlB coast, to Wit: at Neah Bay, Sh~alwater Bay, Cape Disappointment, Cape Arago, Humboldt Bay, Bolinas Bay, Golden Gate Park, and Point Con~eption. This was d~ne in accordance with an act of Coogress passed m 187 4; and the serVIce should be extended to other points. Impressed, therefore, Mr. Presi­dent with this view of my duty, feeling called upon to "cry aloud and ~are not," I feel constrain~d, in addition to :vhat I have alre~y stated on this branch of my subJect, t.o call attentiOn to the followmg statement made by the United States board of engineers for the Pa­cific coast in their report of February 14, 1877:

The distance from San Francisco to Neah Bay, at .the entrance to the strait of Fuca, is SIJVen hundred· nautical miles. While there are many open anchorages scattered :ilong the coast between t.h~s.e places which a!ford reasonabl~ good pro­tection for vessels against .the prevailing northwest wmds and seas m summer, there are none for this entire diStance that a vessel can en~r in heavy s~u~erly weather when the wind is south, southeast, or southwest, as It frequently Ism the winter season. It is true that vessels can generally cross the bar o.f ~e Columbia. Biver and seek shelter at secure anchorages on the river. But this 18 not always the case. In heavy southerly wea.ther1 when a harbor of refuge is mast W!lJlted. >essels daro not approach the bar of this river. It cannot therefore be coDSlde~ a secure harbor of refuae. A good har~r of refuge ought, o~ co11;rse, to proVIde secure anchorarre for·aif vesselS for all wmds from whatever direction. But what i"l more partic{ilarly needed on this coast is prote(!tion against heavy southerly storms.

This board, proceeding further to give their views in the report referred to upon the proposition as.to whet~er th~ Governmet;t t should build one large breakwater on this coast, mclosmg a capamous har-. bor, or several smaller ones distributed along the coast, uses the fol­lowing language : · One of the first questions w.hich arise in conside~ti?n of this subject is whether~

in case protection for vessels lS to be sought by artifi.cml constructions, we shoulo. build one large breakwater, inclosing a capacious harbor, or several smaller ones distributed along the coast, each affording protection for a few >essels only. Our examinations and studies of this question have satisfied us that if any breakwater is to be built on the coast now under consideration, it should be large enough to afford all the protection that is needed for a harbor at that place for the present and for many years to come. We are led to thi~ conclusion princi_pally because any construction at any P.lace on the coast affordrng secure anchorage for even a few vessels will necessanly be very expensive; and before undertaking any econd work we should profit by the experience to be acquired by the first.

.AO'ain, Major John M. Wilson, of the United States Engineer Corps, and

0

for over three years in charge of river and harbor improvements in Oregon and Washington Territory, in his report on Port Orford, of date September 23,1878, says:

The preva.illng winds on the coast from November until April are from the south and southwest. In May they veer around to the north and northwest. and continue in that direction until about October. The gales most dreaded by manners are from the southwest and are at times fearful in their severity. On the whole of this northwest coast between San Francisco and the strait of Fuca, a distance of seven hundred and fifty miles, there is no harbor that a sailing-vessel will attempt to enter during a heavy southerly gale. A harbor of refuge is absolutely nec-essary, and nature seems to have indicated that Port Orford by its location and natural ad van· ta.ges should be selected for man to complete, and thus present a safe ;arbor to wliich mariners can run for shelter in any gale. ·

The Legislature of the State of Oregon at its late session gave ex­pre8sion to their views on this subject through a memorial to Congress, which I h9ld in my hand, and which reads as follows: To the &:nate and House of Repruentatives

· of the United States in Oongress assembled : Your memopalists, the Legislative Assembly of the State of Orep;on, respectfnlly

represent that on the northwest coast of the United States, between Point Reyes to Puget Sound, a distance of more than two degrees of Iati tude, there is no harbor that a. vessel can enter in heavy southern weatlJ.er. The imperative necessity for the creation of a port of refuge is illustrated Wl~ emphasis, by the immense loss of life and property annually occasioned by our winter gales. During the last winter, seven ve.ss-els with their entire crews were lost, and are only another addi­tion to the sad disasters of past years. The increase of the commerce of,the coast is fully 50 per cent. annually, and no question is of more importance to our mer. chanta and ship-owners than the creation of a port to whicll the commerce can re­sort for safety during stress of weather. Commissioners have been appointed to examine the different pointa as to their practicability for an improvement of the cll.ara{}ter demanded, and reports made, a-s far as yonl' petitioners have been in· formed, all concur that the most practical point, the one offering ~e greatest num­ber of advantages, is Ewing Harbor or Port Orford; it is geographically central be­tween San Francisco and Puget Sound, the most western point on the coast; the l.argest roadstead, admitting vessels of the largest a~ good llllchorage, material of the best quality immediately at hand for use and all improvements, never sub­ject tQ fogs, easy of access, with no danger ~f a lee shore ; and believing, as we do,

from all the advantages possessed by the point named, we would ask for the imme­diate construction of port of refuge irrespective of any local considerations, :uul would so pray.

Adopted by the house, Sep~mber 13, 1878.

Concurred in by the senate, September 25, 1878!

J. M. THOMPSON, Speaker of the HOfl-Be.

JOHN WHITEAKER, President of the Senate.

That the vast interests involved in the present commerce of these waters, the present disadvantages and perils being considered, would more than justify an immediate expenditure of the amount necessary to· complete within a ye:u- a breakwater and harbor of refuge, were such a thing a physical possibility, there can be, it seems to me, no question. When you take into consideration the time that must necessarily be employed in completing a great maritime work like this, even with. the most lavish appropriations and under the most favorable condi­tions, the necesSity for the speedy commencement of the work becomes at once conclusively-apparent ..

A suggestion or two in regard to the great length of time neces­sarily required in completing any ~llch work: a partial breakwater accopllng to a survey made at Trinidad on the Pacific coast, esti­mated to cost $3,076,500, containing 762,000 cubic yards of stone, and requiring two tons to the cubic yard, would, according to the report of the board of United States engineers for the · Pacific coast, with the necessary money appropriated each year, require under the most favorable circumstances of wind and tide nearly eight years in the construction; while the completion of the whole work, costing accord­ing to the estimate $7,694,500, would under like favorable circum­stances require necessarily seventeen and nine-'tenths years in com­pleting it. The board of engineers for the Pacific coast, therefore, very properly state in reporting upon th.e necessities af a breakwater on the Pacific coast, that although the interests of commerce at any time on any pn.rticular coast may not be of such magnitude as to­require so vast an expell(liture immediately, still, say they, if we can fix upon any time in the future when the wants of corr1'merce will require one, it is manifest from the great magnitude of tho work, M · well as the uncertainty of the n.ppropriations, that such a construc­tion should be commenced more than twenty years before that time. If, therefore, a work of this character should in the opinion of our­Engineer Corps be begun twenty years before the commercial necessi­ties required it, then, a fortiori, may I insist upon the inauguration of this work when the magnitude of the commercial interests are such,. as I confidently insist I have shown them to be, asto require it now. . Now, as to the point of location. And as to this I insist that the

principle of the "greatest good to the greatest number" should pre­vail in the construction of a great national work such as this must necessarily be. While Congress may not undertake to, and perhaps should not, select or undertake to decide definitely as between points. within certain parallels of latitude, within and between which it must be apparent to all the harbor should be lQcated, still it is the duty of CoBgress, upon its knowledge of g,eograpbicallines and distances, the nature and extent of the commerce intended to be benefited, th~ area of the arc of the sea within which the shipping is to be aided by the­contemplated work, to determine definitely the lines toitltin, which the work should be located. In this instance the commerce to be benefited is, in one sense, that of a coast extending from San Francisco to Behr­ing Strait, a distance of over two thousand miles; but more directly and immediately that of a eoast extending from San Francisco to the strait of Fuca, a distAnce of seven hundred miles. It is clearly evi­dent then, at a glance, that this harbor of refuge should be located as far to the northward at least as half the distance from San Fran­llisco to the mouth of the straits. A breakwater constructed at any point south of this would not give that general and equal protection to the shipping intended to be protected by the construction of one such breakwater on that coast. A central point between San .Fran­cisco and the strait of Fuca would be a point about three hundred and fifty miles north of San"'Francisco, on the Oregon coast. The forty-second parallel of north latitude is distanced a fraction less than three · hundred miles north of San Francisco, and about midway be­tween San Francisco and the mouth of the Columbia; and therefore I have provided in the pending bill tha.t it shall be located -at some point north of that para1lel. This should be so, whether the interest.s of commerce require that this marine asylum for ships should be located centrally between the great ports of San Francisco and Ast-o­ria or mid way pet ween San Francisco and the strait of Fuca. But inasmuch as there are various candidates for the honor north of that and within the line of the central location, and at two of which at least surveys have been made undet,. the direction of Congress, t-o wit, at Port Orford and Foulweather, I have provided that it shall be at such point between the line of the forty-second parallel and the strait of Fuca as tbe board of United States enginee1'S for the Pa~ifi.c coast, or the majority of them, may select. Either Port Orford, Coos Bay, or Foulweather would doubtless be sufficiently central. Port Orford is about midway between the strn.it of Fnca and San Fran­cisco, while Foulweather is one hundred and twenty miles to the north ward, Coos Bay being between the two. ·

I hold in my hand reports of surveys and estimates made within the past year by the engineer department under the direction of the Secretary of War in pursuance of an act of Congress of Jnne1 1878, at Port Orford and Cape Foulweather, which I beg to incorporate into· my remarks. From these it will be observed various estimate-s are-.

396 CONGRE~SIONAL RECORD-SENATE. J.A.NU.A.RY 10,

submitted for different kinds and dimensions of artificial structures, a.nd the great question to be determined in inaugurating a national work of this character, namely, its location and extent, is, in view of these dHferent proposed localities and estimates, one that manifestly belongs to the Enginee.r Corns rather than to Congress. Since I have been in the Senate the Legislature of Oregon has memorialized Con­gress atdifferenttimesinfavor of bothPort Orford and Foulweather. Differences of opinion among the unscientific will necessarily exist while conflict of opinion resulting from conflict -of mere personal in­terest and personal wish, regardless of the great overshadowing ques­tion of national interest, is sure to arise. Who, then, iR better qualified to decide between these various conflicting views than the Engineer Corps of the Army, who by law are placed in charge of the improve­ment of our rivers and harbors, educated as they are by the Govern­ment with special reference t8 a proper performance of these import­ant duties T

From these considerations, then, it is proposed by the pending bill to BUbmit the question of locality to the determination of a majority of the United States board of engineers for the Pacific coast. It will be observed the estimate of the total.cost of the proposed breakwater at Port Orford of 5,000 feet in length, running from the outer part of the head toward Coal Point, and which would, as stated in the report of Major John M. Wilson, engineer in charge, "secure a harbor of about threo hundred acres with depth of from four to twelve fathoms out­Bide of the three-fathom curve," and "give ample protection to a large :fleet during the heaviest g~les," is $9,405,000, w bile the total es­timate of one 2,000 feet long at the same place, and which the engineer in his report states would "secure a valuable ·Q.nchorage of about ninety acres with equal depth," and which would "for present pur­'Poses be sufficie.nt," as it could be extended whenever the commerce rendered it necessary, is $3,427,000.

Major Wilson in his report on Port Orford makes this statement as ~result of his investigations of that locality:

After a careful examination of this subject, I beg to report that in my opinion Port Orford is a very valuable point for a harbor of refuge. It is easily accessible, occupies a. position nearly midway between San Francisco and the strait of Fuca, presents a doop nud capacious harbor offering secure anchorage from gales from .all points exceP-t south, southeast, and southwest, is not subjected to northwest fogs, has no shifting sand·bars or bidden reefs within its limits; the land around is high and prominent and presents all the necessary materia1s easy and accessible for a sto!le breakwater. All that is now needed to make it a secure harbor of ref. uge at all seasons is a breakwater, behind which vessels can ride safely at anchor during winds coming from the southeast, south, and sou til west, from which it is

• not already protected by nature. A careful examination of the chart of the cur. rents and tile general direction of the gales leads me to the conclusion that a break· water about 5,000 feet long, running from the outer point of the head toward Coal Point, would give ample protection to a lar,ge fleet during the heaviest gales. For present purposes 2,000 feet would be suflic1ent, and this coulcl be extended when. -ever it became necessary.

He says further in this connection : I think tilis breakwater should be connected witil the headland, and that the

United States should purchase so much of the bead as will be necessary for works .of defense after tile harbor is completed tnd for stone.quarries, buildings, &c., for the construction of the breakwater. • ·

I now attract attention to the estimates and remarks of engineers .ip reference to the proposed breakwater at Cape Foul weather. Three •several plans and estimates are submitted as to this locality. The first proposes a breakwater starting from near Yaquina Head, run­ning west, theu curving to tlle north and terminating about a mile and a half from the cape.

Such a harbor-Says Major Wilson in his report-

would present a large area :unplv protected from southwest gales with a depth ,of from three to eight fathoms. The cape proper already presents a good pro too-' tion from gales from the north and north west.

"This work would require a breakwater of about 9,900 feet in length, and the estimate of its total cost is $11,462,487.

The engineer reports, however, further, to use his own language, that- •

It is highly probable that far present purposes a break"Water would be sufficient starting from Yaquina Head running on the line projected, tenn.inating in four .and a. half fathoms water, and having a length of 4,900 feet.

The total estimate for such a work is $4,606,-122. Such a break­water would make a harbor of about two hundred acres, protected from gales from the south and southwest. ,,

Major Wilson still furtbE'Ir reports thn.t from the examination made under his direction by Assistant Engineer Robert A. Habersham, n.nd from his report and his own observation, be is of the opinion tlillt a better harbor can be made north of t.he capo than south of it. To use his own language :

By ~~~~cting a breakwater running in a northwest direction just inside the reef · g out from the cape, such a breakwater would be n.bout 600 feet long .and would contain within it an available anchorage of from 50 to 100 acres, with a depth of from 3 to 8 fathoms. ·

The total cost of thi latter work is estimated n.t $656,~51. Such a harbor-Says Assistant Engineer Habersb,am in his report-

would sntisfy present necessities not only as a refuge and also as a port of entry, Yo.quina Bay being accessible only to light-draught coasting.vesselS, and it may ,00 enlarged at any future time, if desired, by extending the lia.rbor along the reef.

To correct what seems to have been a false impressim~, I beg atten-

tion to the following extract from the report of Major Wilson in refer­ence to the reef of rocks off Yaquina Bay:

About three and one-half miles south of Ca.pe Foulweather is Yaquina. Bay, the mouth of Y.aquina River. A railroad is projected to connect this bay wlt.h the Willamette River. It is anticipated that when that is completed a large amount of ~in and other products now finding its way to market \ia tl!.e Columbia and Willamette will seek an outlet via Yaquina Bay. About three-fourths of a mile off the entrance to this bay a dangerous reef of rocks extending in a north and south direction, with many narrow and dangerous channels across i~·~ is reported by the Coast SUITey and laid down on their charts. I am informed mat the resi­dents in the vicinity presumo that the reef extends from Yaquina Head toward the cape, and incloses an area of about one thousand acres-the ridge being, they thou~ht, well de.fined, and that upon it a breakwater could be constructecl which would form a fine harbor of refuge. As far a~ I could learn, the object of this sur­vey was to locate a. breakwater upon this supposed reef for a harbor of refuge. The chart of the United States Coast Survey shows no such reef, and a very care­ful examination by Assistant Engineer Habersham shows that four reefs of rock, apJlarently much harder than the rest of the bottom, from twelve to fourteen feet under low.wat~r level, situated in a curved linoin the direction abo'e indicated, hut distant. from each other from one.fonrth to one·half a mile, and with from six to eight fathoms of water between them. On these, during low tide, a beary water or sea breaks constantly. ·

Major Wilson concludes his report on Cape Fonlweather and the advantages of a breakwater there in these words:

The value of the commerce to be benefited by this work would run up into mill· ions, as the benefit would be felt b:y everv vessel navigating the Pacific Ocean be· tween San Francisco an(l the stri1ts of Fuca. For the necessity for a. harbor of refuge on theN orthern Pacific coast, I respectfully call attention to the interesting and elaborate report of the board of enginee:t;a for the Pacific coast, dated Febru. ary 14, 1877.

I have already called attention to this report, which, in strong lan~ guage, points out the necessity for the early commencement of a har-bor of refuge on the Pacific coast. .

And· now, in conclusion, may I recur once moro with pro~riety to the magnitude of the Pacific Northwest and the m11rterial mterests that center there-great not alone in territory and natural resources in soil, in climate, in productiveness, but also in the bold, enterpris­ing, self-reliant spirit of the pioneer people, who amid uncounted perils by sea and land have established on it.s shores, broad and deep, the foundations of a civilization whose structure in the ages to come shall be more than grand, whose light shall penetrate the remotest borders, and of a commerce which, if properly encouraged and sus­tained by national aids, will in the no distant future ont8trip that of any country on the globe of either ancient or modern times~ Will not, then, the influence of this Government, its wealth, its dignity, tts power, be greatly augmented both at home and abroad by aiding in a proper manner the development of such a commerce n.nd such a civilization, whether it be by aiding in the improvement of its rivers and harbors, the construction of its canals or railroads or of any other ~eat national internal improvement, from which private capital n.nd mdividual enterprise shrink and are afraid? Will not our Government gain wisdom from the legislation and history of other nations in the vital matter of national development through legitimate constitu­tional aid to internal improvements 1 How do Great Britain and France maintain their supremacy and extend their dominion over commerce into all lands and into every seaY Why is it that in the trade, for instance, of the West India Islands, Central America, and eastern South America, situate as they are at our very doors, we import annually over $155,000,000, and export to the same annually about $58,000,000, while England, situate from them across a mighty ocean, imports from their shores annually $121,576,000 and exports to them $117,231,000.

In other words, why is it that while in our total commerce with these countries, amounting to about $214,000,000 annually, and in which there is an annual average balance against us of over$9tl,OOO,OOO, the total of that of England with these same countries exceeds that of ours by nearly $25,000,000 annually, or amounts in all to about $238,800,000 annually, while her exports of this s;:tme trade only fall short of her imports by about $4,000,000 annuallyY Why is it that 62per cent. of the importations which go into Japan come from Great Britain, while but 4 per cent., or less than one-fifteenth as gJ.ncb, are sent from the United States; or that of her export trade Great Brit­ain rec~ives 55 per cent., while we get but 17 per cent. Y Why is it that while with pride we hav,e hailed the coming in of the era that bas changed the balance-sheet of our commerce with Europe, which now shows that our exports are largely in excess of our imports, and which points so strongly and unmistakably to our future prosper­ity, we are humiliated by seeing the marts of our immedia.te neigh­boring countries filled with the products of Europe, amounting to millions in value in excess annually of tho~e from our 9wn shores, many of which are in truth the products of this country, shipped by us to.Eugland and by that country sent back to the West Indies, and nearly all of which .we are so abundantly able to produce and supply' Why have we in the last fifty years faiied to increase the value of our export trade to Mexice, with all her mari'y wants, which we ought to supply, and lying upon our borders. They were $5,000,000 half a century ago; they are less now, being· only about $4,500,000 out of her $~,000,000 annual importations. Why is it that of the $90,000,000 and over imported annually by Brazil, the United States furnishes less than one-twelfth part, or only about $7,000,000, and this in the main indirectly through the ports of Great Britain t Why is it that of $60,000,000 purchased annually by the Argentine Confedera­tion we sell them but little in excess of $2,000,000~ Why of tha

1879. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 397 liO,OOO,OOO of South American imports do we furnish less than one­

eighth part, while France sends lllree-eigkths, and Great Britain one­half; or, of tho $100,000,000, or about that, purchased annually by Cuba, do we £end them but one-seventh part1. or about $14,000,000 t Why of the over $300,000,000 imported annually by Russia are Great Britain and Germany able to supply over 220,000,000, or nearly 75 per cent. of the whole amount f · ·

Why is it that Great Britain, with a less population than the United States and infinitely less natural resources, has within the past gen­eration increased her annual import and export trade from less than £80,000,000 sterling to nearly $3,000,000,000, or about £600,000,000 sterling Y Why is it that her export trade to-day is in the aggregate nearly double that of the United States, and more than double per capita of popnlation that of onr country ! Why is it that although now our annual exports largely exceed our imports, even in the past year to the extent of $261,733,045, Europe should send fr0m her store­house into the markets of the world about $1,115,000,000 annually, while we, with our unparalleled capacity to supply so great a pro­~rtion of the wants of Christendom, expor:t annually only about lp071771,153, including merchandise, coin, and bullion; or only $680,709,268 in merchandise alone Y Why has American tonnage, entered at ports in the United States, increased in the last ten years bnt 1,339,949, while foreign tonnage entered at our ports has increased in the same time 7,807,941 Y Ot why is foreign tonnage entered at our ports to-da.y 12,218,365, while American tonnage in our ports is but 4,711,949, or 7,506,416 less; and this too in the face of the fact that ships can be built in this country to-day as cheap or cheaper than in England, whether constructed of wood or iron, and when, as I have seen it stated recently on reliable authority, the building of one ship of twenty-five hundred tons burden will give employment to and feed the average-sized families of six hundred men a year Y

Why is all this so f Of course there are for it a number of reasons, all of which, however, may be summed up in the one general state­ment that

1the commerce of this country, both internal and inter­

national, never bas received, and does not now receive, that national aid, sympathy, encouragement, and support that have been, are now, and ever will be in Great Britain, France, and other European conn-

. tries such potent agencies in building up, maintaining, and extend­in~ the influence and power of the commerce of these nations. And th1s aid to our commerce1 this development of our commercial re­sources must not be confine(} to merely one species of legislation, nor for the benefit of our internal to the exclusion of our external commerce, nor vice versa; nor should it be given at all, in a pecun ianJ sense, to those agencies wherein private capital for private gain will necessafily supply the want; but it should cover and include, to the extent of our fiscal ability, all rea-sonable and constitutional means, s:nch as the improvement of onr ~reat rivers and harbors, the encour­agement of domestic ship-buildrng, the strengthening ~f onr mer­chant marine by wholesome legislation in reference to the naviga­tion laws;. the securing of such commercial relations with foreign nations through treaties of reciprocity and otherwise, as will give our country at lea-st an equal standing among the nations in the great eonilict for the control of the commerce of the world. Why England, we are told, has expended in India alone over $500,000,000 in inter­nal improvements, while many of her leading statesmen are to-day boldly advocating, and with fair prospect of success, an additional expenditure of $150,000,000 more to be expended in the single item of irrigating the desert lands of India. France, thro~h a system of internal improvements, at one time doubled the value of her com­merce in a little over five years. Similar and numerous examples may be gleaned from the history of other European as well as Asiatic countries; but time fails me.

It is a source of gratification that these great questions, which look to the development of the resources of our country, wllich more than anything else will tend to the real solution of all our labor troubles, the building up of commerce, the revival Qf our industries, giving employment to the million, and at the same time adding strength, and vitality, and power to our nation, both on land 'hnd sea, are attracting the serious attention of our Government and people. The recent message sent to Congress by the President bearing upon this subject of the revival of our commerce,. with the very important accompanying letter from the Secretary of State, I regard as most timely, and the suggestions they contain of incalculable importance to the country. I trust they will receive the attention to which their importance justly entitle them. Well does Mr. Secretary Evarts sug­gest, in speaking of the South American trade, and after referring to the means through and by which Great Britain and other countries have obtained and controlled it, that it is" this enterprise and saga­city of European nations that have actually 1'ere1·sed the advantage which our geographical position gives us in relation to this extensive commerce of the American hemisphere."

And now should America, learning wisdom from other nations, profit by their examples. Their sagacity and their enterprise in these im­portant respects are worthy of imitation by any nation Gr any people, and never was the occasion· with us more opportune than now, our Government having through wise congressional-action and most able, efficient, ana praiseworthy executive administration upon the part of the present Sec~tary of the Treasury, business prosperity and pnblic confidence co-operating, reached a specie basis, without even t;Jle slightest strain on _the public credit or the least disarrangement of the

business of 'the country; and when the signs of the times in view of this, the grandest financial achievement, when considered in the light of all the circumstances, of either ancient or modern times, point with unerring certainty to an early and complete resurrection of our busi­ness industries and a healthy revival of our prosperity as a nation and a people. And in the consideration of these great questions, while the South, rising from the ashes of her great affiiction, should find remembrance in the just and generous action of a great and impar­tial' Government, may it not be forgotten tha.t amon~ the potential elements which contribute in a large degree to the digmty, the wealth, the greatness, the grandeur, and the power of our nationality, and which tend to promote her pre-eminence and add to her invincibility among the nations, the least in importance and wortk aro not those that are being evolved from a civilization planted, cultured~ fructi­fied, amid perils, persecutions, bereavements, and tears on the west­ern shores of ouT Republic.

I move the reference of the pending bill to the Committee on Com­merce.

The motion was agreed to. The report referred to in the preceding ~emarks is as follows:

EXAMIXATIO:S OF CAPE FOULWEATHER HARBOR, OREGON.

U~JTED STATES ENGlli'RER tlFFICE, Po1·tland, Oregon, September 23, 187".

GE.."\ERAL: I h.we the honor to transmit herewith a chart of Cape Foul weather Harbor, Oregon, together with the report of Mr. R. A. Habersham, assistant en­gi:Beer, and to submit the following report of an examination and survey made under my direction in accordance with the act of Congress approved .Tunc 18,1878.

Object of the examination. The o~iect of tho examination and slrr\"ey of this harbor was "to ascertain its-

adaptability as a h~bor of refuge." . Early in August I organized a party for this work and placed it in charge of Mr.

R. A. Habersham, assistant engineer, with orders to proceed to Cape Foul weather and make the neces ary sorve~s to ca!!Y out the law. This party procoodefl to Corvallis, Oregon, via the Willamette River; thence by wagons across the Coast Ran11:o of mountains to Newport, on Yaqoina Bay, and thence to Cape Foul weather, where they camped until the slrr\"ey was com{lleted. On September 8 I tisited Cape Foul weather and made a general examination of the locality . .

De&cription of the harbors. Cape Foulwea.ther is situated on the western coast of Oregon, in latitude 44:> 43'

north, longitude 124° 05'west, and forms a headland boldly jotting out about three­fomibs of a. mile into the sea. from the Jow beach, with high mountains in rear of it. It is a mass of black basalt rising to a height of from 80 to IOOfeet above the sea,

the base honeycombed with ca"'"es formed by the action of the waves. The cape, by its position, forms bays on the north and sooth, the one fronting northwest and the other south and southwest. · On the north the shore lineiscresr.ent·shaped, the outer extremity pointing north, a reef making; out from it in a direction north­northeast a distance of about 5,000 feet, terminating at a lone rock about 1,800 feet from fie beach. Tho depths on this reef vary from 10 to 30 feet, except for a. dis­tance of about 1,200 feet near the cape, where there is a channel of that width witb a depth of from 30 to 40 feet. The Ion~'! rock refenoed to at the north end of the reef seems to be connected with a rocky point opposite on shore by a well-marked reefr upon which there is a depth of four fathoms.

The north bay is inclosed, therefore, on the east by the mainlanll, on the sooth by the cape, and on the wt-st by the long reef. It is nearly a. mile long, and about 1, 700 feet wide between the three-fathom Clrr\"e and the reef. It con tain.s about 200 acres, with a depth of from 3 to 8 fathoms, and a sandy bottom. As far as could be ~~f:: ~C:Sr:l ~J1o~e~o~~~~~ound for anchoring vessels, although I understand

This south bay is formed by the main shore and the cape, and is protected on the east, north, and northwest. On the sooth and southwest it is open and exposetl to the tenoible southern gales, from which it is most desired to find shelter. The bot­rom is sandy, the depth gradually increasing from neartheshore, where it is 3fath· oms, to 20 fathoms 2 miles off shore. The general depth, on a line drown sooth from the cape, is from 4 to 6 fathoms.

Tides, fogs, <f:c. The spring tides rise and fall about 9 feet. Dense fogs overhang the cape from

tiruo to time during the year, particularly during the month of .July. • The harbQr of refuge.

About 3! miles south of Cape Foul weather is Yaquina Bay, the mouth of X a­quina Ri'\"er. A railroad is prujected to connect this bay with the Willamette River. It is anticipated that when this is completed a large amount of grain and other produce now finding its way to market via the Willamette and Colombia. Ri"'"ers will seek au outlet via. Yaquina Bay.

About tbree-qua.sters of a mile off the entrance to this bay a dangerous reef of rocks, extending in a north and south direction, with many narrow and dangerous. channels across it, is reporte<l by the Coast Survey, and laid down on their charts. I am informed that the residents in the vicinity presumed that a reef ex: tended, from Ya{!uina Head toward the cape, and incloseil an area of about 1,000 acre~J, the ridge being, they thoo~~:ht, well defined, and that upon it a breakwater could be constructed which would form a tine harbor of refuge.

As far as I could learn, the object of this Slrr\"ey was to locate a breakwater upon this supposed reef for a harbor of refuge.

The chart of the United States Coast Survey shows no such reef, and the very careful examination of Assistant Engineer Habersham reports four knobs of rock apparently much harder than the rest of the bottom from 12 to 30 feet under low­water level situated in a curved line in the direction above indicated, bot distant from each other from one-fourth t~ one-half a mile and with from () to 8 fathoms of water between them. Ou these during low tide and heavy weather the sea breaks constantly.

The chart transmitted herewith shows a breakwater projected on this line, stut­ing from near Yaquin.a Head and running west, then curving to the north, and terminatinp; about a mile and a. half from the cape. Such a harbor would present a large area amply protected from southwest gales, with a depth of from 3 t~ 8 fathoms. The cape proper already presents a. good protection from gales from the north and northwest. This breakwater would be about 9,900 feet long, and con­structed upon the plan adopted by tho board of engineers for the Pacific coast. It is described in their report of February 14, 1877, as follows:

"We propose to build the base of any breakwat-er up to the height of 15 feet below .the level of low-water of small stone ; that is to say, of sucli stone as any quarry will furnish, and while quarrying out this great mass to lAy away all large stones of 5, 10, or 20 tons for the construction of that nortion of the breakwater from 15 feet np to low-water. U~n this foundation wepropoaeto build a masonry wall faced with granite 25 feet wtde aad 20 feet high, mcloding foundation. pro­tecting the seaward side by blocks of artificial st~ne (if natural cannot be obtained)>

l

:398 CONGRES_SIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 10,

-of large stze (20 to 30 tons each) and thoroughly paving the harbor side with large blocks of granite to reooi>e without displacement the water that will be thrown over the wall in great storms."

The cost of snell a breakwater is estimated by Assist-aut Engineer Habersham to 8e as follows : . Ninety-nine hundred feet, at $1,052.57 per foot . .•.................• $10, 420, 443 00 .Contingencies, 10 per cent • • • . • • . • • • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . 1, 042, 044 00

Total........................................................ 11,462,487 00 It is hi~hly probable that for present purposes a breakwater would be sufficient

·starting rrom Yaqu.ina Head, running· on the line projected, terminating in 4~ fath­oms of water and having a length of 4,900 feet; such a work would cost as fol­lows: Fo~-nine hundred feet, at $854.57 per foot......................... 4, 187, 393 00 Contingencies, 10 per cent . . . . • • . • • . . • . . . . . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 418, 739 00

Total ••••••..•••••••••...• . .......•.•.•.•..•.••.. • . • . • • • . • . . • . . 4 606 132 00

Such a breakwater would present an area of about 200 acres protected from gales from the south and southwest. The difficulty to be contended with in nsin~ this harbor would be that sailing-vessels entering during a southwest gale would be -obliged in rounding the outer end to face the wind.

ASsistant Engineer Habersham made a careful examination of the bay north of the cape; no stiiTey baa ever before been made, it is believed, of this bay, and as tar aa he could learn his boat was the first that ever entered it. He reports that it is a natural harbor of considerable extent without further imJ.>rovement, and that he was informed that during southwest gales quite an area ins1.de is comparatively smooth. Several of the seamen who were employed as boatmen on the survey, who had sailed for a number of years between San Francisco and Puget Sounil, :and claimed to be familiar with the coast, said that if buoys were placed to mark ¢he entrance, vessels could now ente1· for shelter from soutiiwest gales. From the exanrina.tion made under my direction by Assistant Engineer Habersham, and from his report and my own observation, I think a be~ter liarbor can be made north of the cape than south of it, by constructing a breakwater running in a. northwest direction just inside the reef running out from the cape; such a breakwater would be about 600 feet long and would contain within it an available anchorage of from 50 to 100 acres with a depth of from 3 to 8 fathoms.

The plan for such a work would be similar to that already described, and the cost is estimated by Mr. Habersham at $656,251. ·

The harbor could be greatly increased in size by constructing a breakwater on the reef parallel to the Shore already describec;l.

This north harbor, with the 600-feet breakwater, woulcl oulv be available in south and southwest gales; but during heavy weather from the' northeast vessels <:<>uld anchor on the other side of the cape. •

Attention is respectfully invited to the interesting report of Assistant Engineer Habersham transmitted herewith. In making the examinamon there were numer­ous minor difficulties to overcome, and Mr. Habersham deserves credit for the effi­cient manner in which he carried out my instructions.

Cape Foul weather is in the collection district of Southern Ore~OI_t. The nearest oport of entry is at Newport, Yaqniua Bay; no revenue was collectea during the last fiscal year; there were no foreign imports or exports; about 600 tons of assorted merchandise are brought in annually by coastwise vessels which carry away lum­ber and oysters; two sailing-vessels of about 100 tons b;;;den each, with a draught of 9 feet, are running between San Francisco and Yaquina. Bay.

There is a first-order light-house on the cape, visible nineteen miles. The near­eat works of defense are at the month of the Columbia River.

The value of the commerce to be benefited by this wor.k would run up into mill­ions, as the benefit would be felt by evecy vessel navigating the Pacific Ocean between San Francisco and the strait of Fuca.

For the 'necessity for a harbor of refuj;te on this Northern Pacific coast, Ire pact­fully ooll nttention to the interesting ancl elaborate report of the board of engineers for the Pacific coast dated February 14, 11:!77.

I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, . JOHN M. WILSON,

, Major of Engineers, Brevet Colonel United StateJJ .A.1-my. Brigadier-General A. A. HUMPHREYS,

Ohiej of Engineers United States Army.

RR:PORT OF :&ffi. ROBERT A. ll.ABERSRAM, Af!SISTA..'\T E..'\GL'\EER.

U:r.!TED STATES E.~GISEER OFFICE, Portland, Oregon, September 16, 187 .

CoLONEL: l have the honor to submit the following report of a sun-ey "at ·Cape Foulweather, to ascertain its adaptability as a harbor of refuge, " with a. gen­eral plan of improvement, and an approximate estimate of its cost, made in pursn­ance'-of your instructions dated August 8 of the present year. ·

This -work waa performed between the 9th and 23d of the same month. To save -repetition, I will here state that nil depths given refer, nuless otherwise specified, to the lowest of mean low tides, as nearly as could be determined from the tide tables for the Pacific coast, published in San Francisco, and from information furnished by residents of the locality.

No extreme tides occurred during the pro!ITess of the survey, not even at full .moon, an unusual circumstance.

Topography• and hydrography at Cape Foulu:eatheT 11.11d its vicinity. From Yaqniua He::ul, which marks the north side of the entrance to Yaqniua.

Ri"\"er, the shore libe runs a. little t-o tho east of north for 4 miles, to the end of South Foul weather Beach ; thence westward for three-fourths of a mile to the southwest elbow of the cape, where it bee:ins to curve north ward and eastward until it reaches the extreme point of Cape Foul weather, which points north; thence .southeast, curving round to east, to the point where the cape joins the mainland again; thence north for a.bout 7 miles to a point known as Old Uafe Foul weather.

The shore line of Cape Fonlweatherproper describes the figure o a half crescent, the curved tip pointing north. From this point a. reef makes out in a. nearly direct lint>, course north-northeast, for 5,025 feet, terminating in a bare rock, which, for .convenien-ce, I have called Round Rock, distant l,EOO feet from the low-tide line on the north beach, and immediately opposite Rocky Point, a vertical cliff formed of rock of the same character, of which it was formerly a portion, as the soundings show a well-marked ridge connecting them about 4 fathoms under watbr. ·

The depths on this long reef, which is nearly fiat on its crest, VIU'Y. from 10 to 30 feet from Round Rock to within 1,200 feet of the cape where a depre8sion occurs which shows from 30 to 40 fee.t ;· the center being the deepest. The north side of this gap is marked by a rock on which the swell breaks constantly, and which is said to be bare at extreme low tide. . It is seen that the cape forms two bays, one frontiua northwest, the other south

and southwest. Tke No~!:&n the outlines of which have just been given, is in­closed on the east by the · d; on the south and southwest by tlie cape; on the west by the long reef; and on tho north by the reef which connects Round Rock wiili Rockv Point. It is nearly one mile in length and one-third of a mile across, the width 6eing measured from the cune of 18 feet depth to the west reef, and con­tains about 200 acres. The bottom is sandy, generally smooth, forming good hold­ing·gr9und as far as can be judged, uo vessel or craft of any kind having np to this time enterffi hero that I can learn. Th-e depths vary from 3 to 8 fathom .

The South Bay, so called, is open to the south and west. It ia bounded on the north by the cape and on the east by the lJlaiuland. The bottom is sandy sloping seaward, the depth increasing uniformly from near the beaoh where it'i~ 18 feet, to 20 futhoms at a distance of 2 miles from the shore. The geii.eral depth on a. line drown south from the cape is from 4 to 6 fathoms. It is rather a roadstead than a bay; aad while it is easy of IUlCess from the ocean in any dir~tion, is sheltered only from north and east winds, which are never violent.

From ~aqniua Head to the north end of Foul weather Beach the shore present a slope of fr?m 5QO to SOO, ~lerablynniformiu direction generally, but much brokt>n by sharp pomts and by ravmes and small valleys. The face of the cliff shows soft sandstone overlying at greater or less depths a bed of marl fUled with fossil Rhells. ~umerous ~m~ veins of water ~ckle d?wn the face of the sandstone, softening It and contributing to the destructive action of the weather, while the marl under­neath is also wea;rmg away under the heavy blows of the surf.

Between Yaq~a Head and the cape four streams large enouah to furnish good water-power, floWing through sma.ll va.lleys more or less hea.Vlly timbered enter the ocean. ExceJ.>t m these valleys the vegetation, although luxuriant, is of small growth, an?- coni!Ists of salal, whortleberry,_fern, and ·catteriug spruce shrubs. '£he beach 1.8 from 300 to 800 feet wide, generally sandy, but the frequent occur­rence of rocks above the surface show that the sand has little depth. The shore nortll of the ca.oo is of tho same .e:enornl cha1·acter.

Cape FC?ulweather is a. promontory, coyered with a thick carpet of grass and f~rn. making out from the continent, its crest line ~g from east to west, at nght angles to the general course of the shore line, crossing two conical summits respectively 400 and 850 feet high, descending the latter at a slope of about 3()0 and terminating in a fiat point 80 feet above mean sea-level, on which the light-house stands. The neck w~ere the promontory joins the con~ent is 2,300 feet across between low-water line and about 200 feet above sen.-level at its hiahe.st point. The promontory is a. mass of dense, hard, black basalt, which seems to"'ru\Ve been forced like a wedge into a cleft in the sandstone. It rises vertically from the sea to a height of. from 80 to 150 feet, in many places overhanging the water ; its face hollowea out mto caverns and seamed with fissures, with sharp projections of fan­tastic shape; the whole orumblin~.~way slowly from the effects of the winter frosts and rains. The base of the clin is honey-combed with caves some of which mi;ght well be called t~els, ~ tbe~ extend a long di. tance into the rock. One is smd to penetrate 80 feet m a direct line from the mea. It was not possible to ver­ify this statement by measurement, as the surf was washing in and out of the c-ave wi~ great fOl'Ce, but it is probably not far from the truth. The west end of tht;~ cape 1.8 surrounded by a number of pinnacles of rock rising vertically to a height of from 40 to 80 feet out of the water. Seen from a boat at a short distance ~ blB:ck,jagged mass towering into the air, with the surf lashing its base with a nol.Se like thu:uder the scene excels in grandeur the sight of Devil's Canon and Cape Horn, on the Central Pacific Railroad ; but it must be a sight of terror to the unfortunate mariner who should see it as a lee coast during a . outhwest gale.

Weather. From November to April the prevailing winds are southerly. Sometimes

stJ:ong west winds occur, changing round to northwest, breaking into heavy squalls, accompanied by rain, hailt ~hunder, and lightning. This is generally from February to April. The gales wnich are principally dreaded by mariners come from the southwest. These are sometimes so strong that a. man c..'\Dllot keep his feet, and pebbles as large as hazel.nnts are caught up from the beach and dashed ag~st the light tower, a heiiZht of more than 100 feet. These gales reach a VO · loc1ty of 60 miles per hour. Fogs so dense that the shore is not visible from a dis­tance of 500 feet out at sea occur at all seasons, but principally during the month of·July. Rain during the winter is not so frequent as in the 'Willamett~ Valley, but heavier; snow is of rare occurrellll6, alwayslie:ht, and soon melts .•

For the information contained in this para!ITaph I am indebted to Capt.'lin . P. Wass, custodian of the 1igbt-house at CaJ)e Foul weather.

Tides. The spring tides, with the ocean in its normal condition, rise and fall 9 feet.

Durinrr strong west winds the high tides have reached a height of 12 feet above mean fow-water mark. The influence of ordinary hiYsh tides extends to Pioneer, ~e~iles above the month of the Yaquina, the tide r iug and fulling from 4 to 6

Location for a harbo-r of refuge. It has generall:r been believed by the residents of the conn try around Yaquina

Bay that a reef from 3 to 5 fathoms under water extends in :1 cuned line from Yaqniua Head toward Cape Foul weather, terminating about one and a half miles south of :the cape, inclosing a. basin having a smooth, a.ndy bottom, which covers an !Lf68 of nearly 1,000 acres, and that a ureakwatcr built along the crest of the sup­posed reef would convert the basin int~ a harbor of shelter for vessels in distress as well as a port of entry. It was-for the purpose of ascertaining the feasibility of this project that a sur­

vey was requested by these interested, among whom may be included all of the people of that section of Oregon whose nearest outlet to the ocean lies throu~h the valley of the Yaqniua River. The chart of the United States Coast Snrv;ey m this locality and my soundings over the same ground show that no such reef exists. There are 4 knobs of sandstone, harder than the rest of the bottom, from 12 to 30.feet under low-water level, situated in a. curved line in the direction above indicated, but distant from each other f1-om one-fourth to one-half a mile, and with from 36 to 50 feet of water between them. On these, during low tides and heavy swells, the sea breaks constantly, sn~gesting the presence of a. continuous reef.

The length of breakwater which this project contemplates would be 9,900 feet, with an ayerage depth of 26 feet below low-tidb le"\"eL

Its cost ~r linear foot, on the general plan recow.mel'lded by the board of engi-neers, Pacific coast, would be aa follows : · Ashlar masonry, 2l.67 cubic yards, at $18 . ......................... .. Rubble masonry1 14.08 cubic ~ards, at 8!J. ..... . . . . .. .............. . . Small rough rubble, 73.00 onb1c yards, at $3 ....••.•••.•••••••..•... Large rough rubble, 59.25 cubic yards, at S5 ..........•. · ...... .•....

Per linear foot ............................... .. .' .. .... ...... ..

$410 60 126 72 219-00 296 25

1, 052 57

Niue thousa~d linear feet, at 1,052.57 ....••.•.••••.....•....• ••. •.. 10, 420, 443 00 Add for contingencies 10 per cent. . . • .. . .. .. • • .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. • • . 1, 042, 01•1 30

Total . . • . • • . . . • . . . . . .. . . . • .. .. • • • . . . . . .. . • • . . • .. . . . . . . . . • . . . • . 11, 462, 487 30 The estimate for I"Ongh rubble may appear e:xcessive1 but the stone would have

to be brought fro.!D Cape Foul weather, the nearest poinli where ~d rock is found, and where, owing to the prevalence of heavy seas, the loading df barges :would be expensive and dangerou~, ofteD. impossible, necessitating the suspension of the work until the recurrence of smoother wat~r should allow the boats to approach the quarries with safety.

There is no question tlul.t such a work, "if carried out, would greatly benefit navigation by affordin__g shelter from southwest gales. Some such protection is absolutely required: !Jut a better harbor, at muoli less cost, would be secured by building a breakwater from the extreme point of Cape Foulweather north ward, inside of the reef above described, for a distance of 600 feet. This would inclose an area of about 100 acres, under the lee of the cape, with good anchorage in from 4 to 8 fathoms of water, having a free entrance from the west 1,200 feet wide. Such a harbor would satisfy the present necessities, not only as a refuge but also as a.

,

I

1879. CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-· SENATE. 399 I>Ort of entry, Yaquina Bay being accessible only to light-draught coasting vessels; :and it might be enlarged at any future time, if desired, by extending the break-water along the reef, . · The cost per linear foot of a. breakwater here, on the plan recommended, would

be, as ni'Mly as can be estimated from the dam obtained, as follows, its dimensions being: Length 600 feet, average depth below low tide 31 feet. ·

.Ashlar masonry ••••••.•.•••.•••.•...••.......••••••.. - ...•.•..... --.--­:Rubble masonry .••••..••••.•••••••••••••.•....••...••....••.••....•..• .Small rough rubble, 110 cubic yards, at 2 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Large rough rubble, 59.25 cubic yards, at $4 ........................... .

Per linear foot ......................... ·•· ........................ .

410 60 126 72 220 00 237 00

994 32

Making for its length of 600 feet .••••••.•••••.••.......... :. • . . . . . . . . . . 596, 592 00 Add for contingencies 10 per cent...................................... 59,659 20

Total ••••••••••••••••••••••••..••.•..............•.•..... :. • . • . . . . • 656, 251 20

Here the stone could be obtained from the shore end of the wall and .hauled in ..cars along the top, e:rlendinj!; the track as the work progressed, making the cost of transportation less than in the south bay. The above estimates are in gold coin.

The hydrographic work of the Coast Survey in this vicinity te~ates a~ the extremity of Ca~ Foulweather. No survey had ever been ma<le of this bay, and, so far as "l could learn, my boat was the first that had ever entered it. It is a na­tural harbor of considerable extent even without improvement. I am informed that during southwest gales the whole of the area inside of the reef is comparatively smooth, and the southeast portion quite so. Several of the seamen em_plo;yed as boatmen on this survey, who had sailed for a number of years between San Fran­cisco and Puget Sound, and claimed to be familiar with the coast and its climate, said tbat if two buoys were placed to mark the entrance, and the fact published for the information of mariners, vessels of any drau~ht could enter here, not only for shelter, but for purposes of eommerce. If this opmion be correct-and there seems to be no reason to the contrary-the circumstance is of interest in connection with the fact that n. narrow-gauj!;e railway is now under construction from Corvallis, on the Willamette, to Yaquina Bay. .

Last winter there were a number of vessels in distress off Cape Foul weather .a.t different times, and one that I am aware of was lost, with all on board. In de­.scribing this bay I omitted to mention that there is a rook on which the swell breaks .during westerly and northerly weather. It is small, &nd lies about 500 feet from the mainland, nearly opposite the entrance. It is not in the way of vessels anchor-ina". •

:Learning that a cove, with good anchorage, existed about ten miles north of the ..cape, and wishing to get all information possible on the subject of a refuge, I went there by sea, two members of my party being familiar with the spot. r found it to be an indentation in the rooky coast, three-fourths of a mile long and about 1,000 -feet wide ; its longer diameter parallel to the general direction of the coast line with from 6 to 10 fathoms depth, well sheltered from north wind, but open to the west and southwest. This place is called Wrecker's Cove, the name ba-ring been j!;iven by men who sav~1 or, rather, collected, some fragments of the schooner ·uncle Sam. lost a mile norm of the cove about two years since.

:Respectfully submitted.

Colonel JOHN M. WILSON,

:ROBE:RT A. HABERSHAM, Assi~tant .E11ginur.

MajOT Oo-rps of .Engineers, U.S. A.

EXAliiNATION OF PORT ORFORD H.ARBOR,,OBEGOX.

UNITED STATES E..'\'GD."EER OFFICE, Portland, Oregon, September 23, 1878.

GENBRAL: I have the honor to transmit herewith a chart of Port Orford Harbor, .()regon, and to submit the following report of an examination made by me in accord­.ance with the act of Co6greas approved June 18, 1878.

Object of the ea:aminati~n. The object of the examination of this harbor was " to ascertain its adaptability

for a harbor of refuge." I left Portland, Oregon, on the morning of September 2, 1878, for Port Orford,

..330 miles distant, reaching the latter place on the evening of September4, the jour­ney requiring three days.

I fortunatelY: had a fine opportunity to judge of the capuity and availability of the harbor, as I entered it from the Pacific Ocean during a northwest gale, and our vessel anchored in 7 fathoms, opposite " Battle Reck." in smooth water.

I ..-emained two days at the harbor, during which l: made a careful examination ..of it and ita surroundings, and conversed freely with all parties who were ac­quainted with its general character and the force and direction of the seas from which it needs protection.

Description of t.heharbor. Port Orford, the most westerly port of the United States south of Alaska, is sit­

uated on the weatem coast of North America, in latitude420 44', longitude 124°29', nd according to the Coast Pilot of Oregon, published by authority of the Coast

Survey, is by far the best summer roadstead on the P3.cific coast between Loa :Reyes and the strait of Fuca.

The harbor is deep and capacious, and is formed by a headland boldly jutting out into the sea, nearly vertical on its water face, the portion forming the shelter from westerly gales attaining an altitude of about 350 feet; from the outer point the ground sfopes gradually down to an elevation of about 60 feet above low-water, Dear the northem pari of the bay, opposite which the town of Port Orford is situated.

The survey made by the Coast Survey, and plotted on their chart, is reported as follows by the Coast Pilot:

"From the extremity of the southwest point eastward to the main shore the distance is two miles, and from this line to the greatest bend of the shore northwanl the distance is one mile. .

"The soundings within this space range from 16 fathoms close to Tichenor's R.ock, forming the southwest point of the bay, to 3 fathoms within one-fourth of a mile of the beach on the northeast aide, with 5 fathoms at the base of the rock;y ·points on the northwest aide toward Tichenor's Rock; one mile of the shores of the bay the average depth is about 14 fathoms, regularly decreasing inshore."

From my own exaunnation and all the information I could collect, I find the ·, bottom of the harbor to be of sand and mud, presentin~ a good holding-ground, and that there are no sunken rocks or bidden reefs to enaanger vessels after getting inside the head. It is said that northwest fogs seldom, if ever, enter the roadstead; which gives it, consequently, a great advantage over other harbors on the coast south of the Columbia .River.

From my own observation I am led to believe this is so. ·while off the coast, between Cape .Arae:o and Pert Orford, a dense fog_ enveloped the ahore; but when we reached Cape Bfanco this seemed to veer off ana follow the line of the reef north of Orford, and we entered the harbor where it was perfectly clear. On the follow­ing day, while examining the coast north of Orford on shore I found a dense fog enVeloping Cape Blanco, seven mile north, while at Port Orlord it was perfectly

. cle:u- and pleasant.

Tide$. The mean rise and fall of tides is 5.1 feet; of spring titles, G.8 feet; and of neap

tides, 3.7 feet. Danger in entering the harbo·l'.

Between Port Orford and Cape Blanco, and abont 3 miles off the coast, ther/is a. group of rocky islets and sunken rocks called Orford :Reef, wbich renders the approach to Port Orfoi! from the north somewhat dangerous; thet'e is, howe\'"er, a good wide shlp-channel between this reef and the main shore.

General 1·e-marks. In reference to the present condition of the harbor during winter gales the Coast

Pilot notifies mariners as follows : "In winter, anchor far enough out to put to sea. when a southeaster comes up;

during a protracted gale in December, lfl51, a terrible sea rolled in so that no vessel could have ridden out.

"The old steamer Seagull was driven northward, and lost two weeks in regain­ing her position, and the mail steame1· Columbia hardly held her own for many hours off Orford Reef.'' ·

In the fall of 1872 Major H. M. Robert, Corps of Engineers, made a careful examina­tion of ~his harbor, and in January, 1873, presented an elaborate report, with plans and estimates for a breakwater. In the summer of 1876 the board of engineers for the Pacific coast made a. similar examination, and in February, 1877, presented a report, with a plan and estimates; these very interesting reports were laid before Congress, and to them I respectfully call attention for details.

Oon.clu&ons. After a careful examination of this subject I beg to report that, in my opinion ,

Port Orford is a verx available point for a harbor of refuge. It is ea.sify accessi ble, occupies a position nearly midway between San Francisco and the strait of Fuca, presents a deep and capacious roadstead, offering secure anchorage from gales from all points except south, southeast, and southwest; is not subjected to northwest fogs, has no sliifting sandbars or hidden reefs within ita limits; the land around is high and prominent, and presents all the necessary material , easily accessible, for a stone breakwater. All that is now needed to make it a. secure harbor of refuge at all seasons is a breakwater, behind which v~sels can ,ride safely at anchor during gales· coming from the southeast, south, and southwest, from which it is not alreaay protected by nature .

A careful examination o~ the chart of the currents and the general direction of the gales leads me to the conclusion that a breakwater about 5 ... 000 feet long, run­Din~ from the outer point of the head toward Coal Point, wowd gi">e ample pro­tectiOn to a large fleet during the heaviest gales; for present purposes 2,000 feet would be suffiCient, and this could be extended whenever it became necessary .

A breakwater 5,000 feet long would secure a harbor of about 300 acres, mth a depth of from 4 to 12 fathoms outside the three-fathom curve, while one of 2,000 feet in length would ecure an available anchorage of about 90 acres with the ame depth.

The plan of breakwater recommended is that proposed by the board of engineers for the Pacific Coast and de.scribed in their report of February 14,1877, as follows:

"We propose to build the base of any breakwater up to the height of 15 feet. below the level of low wat~r of small stone, that is to say, of snell stone as any quarry will furnish, and while quarrying out this ~eat mass to lay away all large stones of 5, 10, or 20 t~ns for the construction of that portion of the breakwat~r from 15 feet up to low water. Upon this foundation we propese to build a masonry wall, faced with granite, 25 feet wide and 20 feet high, including the foundation, pro­tecting the seaward aide by blocks of artificial atone (if natural stone cannot be obtained) of large size, (20 to 30 tons each,) and thoroughly paving the harbor side with large blocks of granite to receive without . displacement the water that will be thrown over the will in great storms."

I think this breakwater should be connected with the headland, and that the United States should purchase so much of the Head as will be necessary for works of defense after the harbor iB completed, and for stone-quarries, buildings, &c. , for the construction of the breakwater. ·

The proposed breakwater of 5,000 feet is estimated to cost as follows: 108,333! cubic yards of ashlar masonry, at $18 ...................•.••..• $1,950,000 70,000 cubic yards of rubble masonry, at $9...... .... .. ... ... ... ... . .. . 630, 000 295,000 cubic yards large atone, at f5. . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 475, 000 2,247,500 cubic yards small stone, at f2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 495, 000 Contingencies, 10 per cent...... . • • . • • . .. . . . . • • . .. . . . . • . . . . • • • . . . . • . . . .. 855, 900

Total . . . . . • . . .. . . • . . . . .. . . . . . . • . • .. • . . • . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 9, 405, 090 A breakwater 2,000 feet long is estimated to cost as follows :

4l,33:J1 cubic yards ashlar ma-sonry, at 118 .....•...... ••.•.•.....•.•.••. 28.000 cubic yards rubble masonry, at $9 ............................... . 118,000 cubic yards large atone, at $5 . •• . ••••••••••••. .. . ••••.••.••••••. 747,080 cubic yards small stone, at 2 .....•.•.•••.••..•••••.••..•••.••. Contingencies, 10 per cent ........................................... ..

$780,000 252 ooo· 590:000

1, 494,000 311, ooe

Total . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . • • . • . . • . . . . • . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 427, 000

Gales. The prevailinQjwindson the coast from November until .April are from the south

and southwest; m May they \'"eer around to the north and northwest and continue from that direction until about October; the gales moat dreaded by mariners are from the southwest and are at times fearful in their severity; on the whole of this northwest coast between San Francisco and the strait of Fuca, a distance of 750 miles, there is no harbor that a. sailing-vessel will att~mpt to ent~r during a heavy southwest gale.

A harbor of refuge is absolutely necessary, and nature seems to have indica tAM! that Port Orford by its location and natural advantages should be selected for man to complete, and thus pre ent a safe harbor to whicli mariners can run for sbelte1·

in P::!t ba;:~rd is in the collection district of Southern Oregon; it is no longer a port of entry. In the range of hills in rear of the harbor there is said to be an inex­haustible supply of coal, and between the b>wn and the Coquille River there are forests of the beat ce<lar timber.

The nearest port of entry to Port Orford is at Ellens burgh at the mouth of Rogue :River, about 25 miles south of the harbor. I was unable to learn what, if any, rev­enue was collected at Ellens burgh during the last fiscal year.

The nearest li<Tht-honse is on Ca~ .Blailco, 7 miles distant, and the nearest works of defense are at the mouth of the Columbia :River, ahouti 220 miles distant.

Since completin~ the foregoing I have receh·ed a very able anu interesting com· munication from Captain William Tichenor, an experienced sailor and old resident of Port Orford, upon the great stream setting from the Japanese Islands northeast to the northwest coast of America, and ita eftoots and changes on our shore line in eddies, shoals, &rift-sands, &e. Captain Tichenor has gone into the whole subject, and gives his opinions as to the effeets npon our coast from Cape Mendocino to the strait of Fuca, and particularly at Port Orford. I quote from the closing portion of his letter as follows :

"Port Orford has the followin~ advantages: it is the central point between San Francisco and Puget Sound ; it 18 the most western harbor on the coast, and it is therefore not liable to calma; it is exempt at a.U timu from black fogs, and it is very seldom visited by gray or calm fogs ; it is the most capacious I'Oad.st.ead upon the

.·

400 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 10,.

eoa.st., and large enough to accoiD.IDD<late our rapidl.f gro~Ying COJ?llllerce for all ~e I The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to consider· to come· it is exempt from nil. sunken d8!lgers,, ei~her mit or.Its approae.h; Lt ls the bill (H. R. No. 5534) making appropriationa for the current and shielded from all danger of bemg filled w1th drifting sands ; 1t has the very best . f th Indi d t t d f f""l ~ll· holding-ground of any roadstead upon the coast, composed of sand, loam, and de- contmge~t ex.t>enses .e e. an . e_par. men , an or w..u ~ng ~mpo~ slate; it a1fords inmledia.tely at band all the material, and of excellent treat.y st1pnlations Wlth vanons Indian trtbes, for the year ending. quality, for any impro>ement desired. . · . Jnne 30, 1880, and for other purposes.

"Its approaches .are un~urpassed, havm,~t on tht; east of,.the harbor a promment Mr. WINDOM. Before the Secretary proceeds to read the bill l sugar-loaf moun tam of rughteen hundred feet altitude, laved by the waters of the k l t k b · f t t t · f . :L_ th t' 1

bay, and fow· miles east of this mountain another, with an altitude of twenty-three as eave o rna e a yery ne s a ell?-e~ 1n re er~nce w e ac 10n hundred feet, thus -presenting to the navigator la_n~~ that cannot be nns~kt;n of the S~nate 9omm1ttee on Appropnatwns _upon 1t. in•approa<Jhing the shore. ~he country m the. mtt;rwr 18 ID?doubtedlY: as ncb m The bill as 1t passed the House appropnates $4,681,278.58. Th& resources as ~Yother portwn of 0 0! coast,, Wlth ~exhaustible depoSlts of coal, total estimates were $4 933 244.20. It will be observed that the House· iron copper, sil•er, and gold, e:rtens1ve bodies of timber, and fertile valleys, all . ll ' ' h . teenrlng with nature's riches, but, like the major portion of our iron-bound coast, has substantia y c~m~ormed to t e estiJ?-!Ltes. The total of th~ act destitute of a. place of shipment. for 1879 was $4,746,27v.70. The net add1t1ons made by the Uomnnttee'

".At the same time, important as are these intemal resources, they should be con- on Appropriations of the Senate are $58,757.25, and em brace the fol-­sidered but secondary to the great commercial demand for a. port of refuge for the lowing items . afety of the lives and propertv engaged in our coast traffic. We have only to · l\

refer to the sad detail of the sacrffice of life and property during the last ~nter, to For the n?rther~ C~eyennes _and Arapahoes, !$2,500. raise our voice in prayer to the Government to look to our safety. .A.l.l: ~h1pmasters For the Swux of different tnbes, $23,400. In both of these cases-on~~ coast, those c?mmanding our magnificent steamers as we~~ sailing-vessels, the amormt was increased by the Committee on Appropriations to· ~1te ~ r~mmending Port Orford as the place adapted for an rmprovement of conform to the number of Indians as stated in the House bill. The ~ ~~of Port Orford showing proposed brea1..-water and the direction of the treaties allowing a. certain amount for each roaming Indian and for heaviest seas and currents, is transmitted. . each Indian engaged in agriculture, the House state the number, but

I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, the amount is not appropriated according to the number and the · JOHN M. WILSON, t d . th t t d th S t 'tte h . 1 Majo1· of Engineers, Brevet Colonel u. s. A.. amo~ na~e m e rea Y, an e en a e comm1 e ave s1mp y

B · di G -alA. .A.. HUMPHREYS complied With Daboll and the treaty. rJ..ga er- enei Ohicf of Enginee!rs, u.s. A.. For the Tonkawa Indians at Fort Griffin, Texas, the committee

have added $37,291. EXECUTIVE SESSION. Mr. EDMUNDS. I think it quite desirable to the public interest

that there should be a short executive session, after which the doors can be again opened, and we can proceed to whatever legislative business there is. I move that the Senate proceed to the considera­tion of executive business.

Mr. DAVIS, of West Virginia. Mr. President--Mr. WINDOM. It is the understanding that the doors will be

opened again. Mr. EDMUNDS. Certainly. . The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the motion of the

Senator from Vermont, [Mr. EDMUNDS.] The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the consid­

erati·on of executive business. After ten minutes spent in executive session the doors wfire reopened.

INDIAN APPROPIUATION BILL.

Mr. DAVIS of West Virginia. Mr. President--Mr. WINDOM. I wish to appeal to the Senator from West Vir­

ginia.. If it would be quite as convenient for him to address the Senate on some future day, I should be very glad indeed to have his consent to·the consideration and passage of the Indian appropriation bill this afternoon.

Mr. DAVIS, of West Virginia. Is that bill ready ? Mr. WINDOM. It is now ready for action, and I should like to

have the attention of the Senate to it. Mr. DAVIS, of West Virginia. The appropriation bills are consid­

ered privileged questions, and they are of a great deal more impor­tance than what I might have to say. I presume it would be proper for me to give way, though I am prepared to go on with what few remarks I b.ave to submit. I therefore yield to the Senator from Min­nesota, and will allow thQ Indian appropriation bill to be taken up.

lli. McCREERY. Mr. President, before the holidays I gave notice that on this day I should move to proceed to the consideration of Senate bill No. 855, for the relief of Warren Mitchell; but as there is an appropriation bill ready for action, I shall postpone that motion.

The VICE-PRESIDENT. The business before the Senate is the unfinished business of yesterday, being the bill (S. No. 300) to amend the statutes in relation to patents, and for other p-arposes.

Mr. W1NDO:M. I ask that the bill for the revision of the patent laws be informally laid a-side, and I will say to the Senate that I think tbe ~dian appropriation bill will occupy but very little time.

The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the suggestion of the Senator from Minnesota that the bill for the revision of the patent laws be laid aaide without prejudice f

Mr. WADLEIGH. I object to it, Mr. President. I fe~l compelled to object to it.

Mr. WINDOM. I move, then, that it be laid aside- . Mr. 'V AD LEIGH. I can only yield to the expressed wish of the

Senate. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senator from Minnesota moves that

the unfinisAed business and all prior orders be postponed and that the Senate now proceed to the consideration of the Indian appropriation bill.

Mr. WAD LEIGH. Rather than have that order passed I think I will accept the proposition of the Senator from Minnesota. I yield to the Indian appropriation bill. .

The VICE-PRESIDENT. By unanimous consent the unfinished business is laid aside without prejudice for the consideration of the Indian appropriation bill.

For the pay of Indian police the committee have added $29,400. I will explain that item when it is reached in the reading of the bill,. if it is desired.

The VICE-PRESIDENT. The bill will now be reported at length •. :Mr. WINDOM. I ask that the amendments be acted on as thB

reading proceeds. There are but very few amendments proposed to · the bill.

The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Secretary will report the bill, and the amendments of the committee will be acted on as they are reached. in regular order in the reading. ·

The Secretary proceeded to read the bill. The first amendment reported by the Committee on Appropriations .

was, in section 1, line 8, before the word "agents," to strike out "se'i'­enty-four" and insert" seventy-one;" so as to make the clause read:

For pay of seventy-one agents of Indian affairs at the following-named agencies, at the 1-a.tes respectively indicated.

The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, in line 592, under the head of ":Miamies

of Kansas," to diminish the appropriation "for permanent provision for blacksmith and assistant, and iron and steel for shop, per fifth article of treaty of October 6, 1~18, and fourth article of treaty of June 5, 1854," from $411.43 to $348.20.

The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, in line 597, to decrea-se the appropriation

"for permanent proviBion for miller, in lieu of gunsmith, per same articles and treat~~~ and per :fifth article of treat~ef October 23, 1834,"~ from $262.62 to $~.t".&.26. ·

The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, in line G03, to decrease the appropriation.

"for interest on · 21,884.81, at 5 per cent., for educational P.nrposesp per third article of treaty of June5, 1854," from 1,094.24 to :t)926.08.

The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, in line 608, to decr~ase the total appro­

priation for these Indiana from $5,051.01 to 4,779.26. The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, in line 707, under the head of "Northern

Cheyennes and Arapahoes/' to increase the appropriation "for first of ten instaJlments, to be expendedfby the Secretary of the Interior for · each Inilian engaged in agriculture (one thousand eight hundred and seyeuty-five Indians) in t.be purchase of such articles as from time to · time the condition and necessities of the Indians may indicate to be proper, as per sixth article of treaty of May 10, 1868," from $35,000 to . $37,500.

The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, in line 714, to increase the total appro- ­

priation for these Indians from· $53,000 to $55,500. The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, in section 1, line 1039, under the head oE.

"Sioux of different tribes, including Santee Sioux of Nebraska," to -increase the appropriation "for tenth of thirty installments, to pur­cha e such articles as may be considered proper by the Secretary of the Interior, for twenty-one thousand persons roaming; and for tenth of thirty installments, to purchase such articles as may be considered proper by the Secretary of the Interior, for one thousand four hun­dred and twenty persons engaged in ag1-iculture,'' from 215,000 to . $238,400.

The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, in line 1064, to increase the total appro­

priation for these Indians from 1,4S3,900 to 1,507,300. Mr. SAUNDERS. I should like to hav-e the Secretary read again

from line 1051 to 1059. The Secretary read the clause fromlines1053 to 1059 inclusive.

Mr. DAVIS, of West Virginia. I give notice that on Monday I shall ask the Chair to recognize me after the morning 'business is concluded, so that I may submit the remarks I intended to submit

Mr. SAUNDERS. That does not make sense. It seems to have been The Chair will recognize the Senator at wrongly printed in some way. It says "Spotted Tail Sioux Indians

from them February 19, 1867," and lines 1056 and 1057 should be .

to-day. The VICE-PRESIDENT.

that time.

I

1879. CONGRESSION~L RECORD-SEN_._i._TE. 401 stricken out, and then it would read: "From the ::\Iissouri River and Sidney, Nebraska, or Cheyenne, Wyoming;" and after "Wyoming" the words ''to be expended under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior" should be inserted. It would then make sense. I move that that alteration be made. It is endently a misprint as the bill is, I think.

The PRESIDING OFFICER, (Mr. WALLA CE in the chair.) The bill will be corrected accordingly, there being no objection. .

The Secretary resumed and continued the reading of the bill. The next amendment of the Committee on Appropriations was, in

line 1278, after the word "dollars," to strike out: And the President of the United States is hereuy directed t{) prohibit the re­

mo>al of any portion of said tribes of Indians t o the Indian Territory unless the same shall be hereafter'lluthorized by act of Congress.

So as to make the clause read : Collcctin::; and subsisting Apache and other Indians of Arizona. and Xew Mex­

ico : For this amount, to subsist and properly care for the A pnche and other Indians in Arizona and New Mexico who have been or may be collected on reservations in New Mexico or Arizona, 8320,000.

Mr. :MAXEY. :Mr. President , I move tonon-concnrwiththeAppro­priations Committee in the amendment just reported. I have so often explained my reasons to the Sena.te for opposition to the introduction of wild tribes among the civilized tribes in the Indian Territory that I will not repeat that argument. I have only to say that the five civilized tribes occupying the Indian Territory are in a condition of peace, of progress, and of comparative prosperity; that in my juclg­ment it is exceedingly injurious to those tribes and their advance­ment, as well as to the surrounding States of Kansas, Arkansas, and' Texas, that wild tribes should be moved in among them. For these reasons I move to non-concm·, and I hope the Senate will sustain the motion.

The PRESIDING OFF ICER. The question is on agreeing to the amendment, which is to strike out the words that have been read.

:Mr. WINDOM. A single word in reply. There is no law now, as I understanil it, authorizing wild Indians to be removed into that Ter­ritory. The treaty with the Cherokee Indians and the others resi­dent tbero permitted friendly Indians who are civilized to be brought there; but I think there is no law now authorizing wild Indians to be removed to that Territory, so that tho provision which the House propose to insert, and which is important legislation, is not necessary.

Mr. COCKRELL. Have they not already been taking these wild Indians tl1ere and putting them there without any authority of law ~

Mr. 'VINDOM. I am not aware that they have. There is certainly no law for it that I have found yet.

Mr. COCKRELL. There is no law for it, but they have been doing it all the time. • .

.Mr. WINDOM. I hope the Senate will agree to the amendment proposed by the Committee on Appropriations.

Mr. MAXEY. 1\Iy motion was to non-concur in it. Mr. PLUMB. I cannot at present call attention to the law nuder

which it has been done, and it may be as the Senator from Minnesota says that there is no law for it, but it is one of those things which we understand to have been (lone and repeate(lly done-I mean the trans­portation and location of wilu and hostile tribes of Indians in the Indian Territory. An evidence of that is that which is well known to all members on this :floor, the ra,id made by the Cheyennes through the western portion of Kansas and Nebraska last year-a very de­stntctive raid in which some forty or fifty men were killed and a very ]arge !).umber of women ravished and other outrages commit-ted. It is against incursions of this kind that the surrotmding States seek to protect themselves by providing specifically that the President shall not under any circumstances place Indians within that Territory without the consent of Congress to it having been obtained.

If it be true, as the Senator from Minnesota says, that the law would remain without this clause of the House bill precisely as it is now, certainly the most .that can lJe said about this provision would be that it would be a matter of extra precaution; it could do no burt; and in view of the action that has been heretofore taken by the Presi­dent, or by the Interior Department representing him, in placing In­dians in that Territory, I think it is entirely proper and absolutely necessary in point of fact that a provision of this klnd should be enacted. lf there can be nothing more said against it than that it is merely superfluous, that ought not to weigh against what we know has taken place heretofore.

Mr. :MAXEY. It is true, as stated by the Senator from Minnesota, that the various tre~ties with all the five tdbes authorize the intro­duction of friendly Indians among them by the consent of the nations. It is true that there is no law which authorizes the introduction of wild or savage tribes among those people. It is a fact, most nnfortu:.. nately, however, that such have been introduced among that people. Now, I want a prohibition there that cannot be mistaken; and the House has acted on that idea and has placed that prohibition in the bill, and I ask the Senate to supp01·t them in it. The Senator from Minnesota cannot know, as I know a.nd as gentlemen who surround that Indian Territory know, the great EWil to the people of that Terri­tory as well as to the surrounding States, and the necessary interest which we feel in the sustainment of the position taken by the House and non-concurrence with the amendment of the Senate Committee on Appropriations to strike it out.

Mr. WINDOM. The only prohibition which the pr~position of the

VIII--26

House makes is against the removal of "Apaches and other Indians of Arizona and New Mexico" into that Territory. Now, if there are any civilized Indians there friendly to the Indians in the Indin,n Ter­ritory, whom those now occupying the Territory are willing to receive, I think they; ought not to be prohibited; and as that is tho present condition of the law, I think the provision is more than superfluous. I think it forbids the removal of Indians who ought to be removed there. As matters now stand, to state myself a little more clearly, no Indians can be removed there, as I understand, unless they be civilized and friendly and have the consent of the Indians in tho Judian Ter­ritory. If that be true, I think we ought not to prohibi:; that class of Indians from being r emoved there.

Mr. DORSEY. That is not true, except to a degree. Unuer the original treaties with the five or six tribes oflndians who occupy that country it was provi<lefl t hn.t no Indian shonlu be removed t here ex­cept friendly Indians, with the consent of those tribes; but .since that time the United States have bought of those several tribes of Indians a. large part of that terrHory, and ma.y now remove there Indians of any clas , without regard to the wishes of the Indians occupying the other part of the Territory. In that way the northern Cheyennes were moved down from Nebraska or Dakota, and kept there surrounded for a time by soldiers; and as soon as the soldiers were removed thsy broke through the country and passed t hrough the States of Kansas and Nebraska, committing murder, rapine, and devastation wherever they went. It is to prevent that that t ho sur­rounding States to that Ten-itory enter a protest against action such as this, striking out a provision to prevent the removal of Indians from Arizona and New Mexico to tha.t Territory.

There are no friendly Indians in Arizona and New Mexico that want to be remove<.l. The only friendly Indians there are the Pueblos that never remove from the place where they live. They own their land and cultivate their farms. The other Indians are the Apaches and the Navajoes and the Utes. They are wild, savage Indians, ;1nd have committecl probably more murders than any other similar number of Indians in this country.

Mr. MAXEY. I a3k the Senator from Arkansas to state if it is not true that the Apaches are among the very worst of the savages we have ever had on that frontier1

Mr. DORSEY. I was just remarking that those Indians have com­mitted more murders and outrages than any similar number of Indi­ans in this whole country. They are now located on a. reserva.tion in Arizona where they have always lived, where they belong, surrounded by the military now upon that 1'\--'Servation, and a. number of forts have been built at grea~ expense to secure them. To take those Indians ­from that distant country and remove them to the Indian Territory would be an outrage on the people surrounding that Territory.

I hope tha~ the amendment proposed by the Committee on Appro­priations will be voted down.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the amendment of the Committee on Appropriations to strike out the words which have been read. ·

Mr. ALLISON . . I desire·to say one word on this question. I know of no intention or pm·pose anywhere at present to remove any por­tion of these tribes to the Indian Territory; at least I have heard of none. Has the Senator from Ark::tnsas Y

Mr. DORSEY. I donotknowthat I canstn,tethatanycommunica­tion of that sort has been ma-de to me officially; but I know that the Commissioner who has charge of this branch of the public business has over and over again on many occasions said that he thought it was the duty of thiR country to remove all the wild Indians into the

·Indian Territory. I know that that in his mind is a settled conviction. Mr. ALLISON. There area great manypeoplewho believe it would

be a wise thing to collect the Indians upon a smaller number of res­ervations than t.hey naw occupy, and thus open up to the settlement and occupation of white people and civilized people a portion of their present reservations. Now under the treaties made with the civilized tribes, so called, I understand that friendly Indians may ~o into the Indian Territory by agreement with the civilized tribes, without the interference o;f Congress, or without an act of Congress, it .requiring only the approval of the President of the United States. If we have made such treaties with the Cherokees and tke other civilized tribes as will justify them in making arrangements with those Indians, I do not see why Congress should interfere.

Mr. DORSEY. The intention, I think, of that treaty was to per­mit these Indians, the Cherokees, Chocta~s, &c., to amalgamate with any other tribe of Indians they saw fit to amalgamate with, and let those other Indians go in there and live with them. That is not a question of removal at all; that is simply a matter of arrangement between two separate tribes of Indians.

Mr. ALLISON. As I understand the treaty, by article 15 any friendly tribe of Indians may unite with those civilized tribes east of the ninety-sixth meridian.

Mr. DORSEY. . Certainly. Mr. ALLISON. And any other friendly tribe may b0 located there

west of the ninety-sixth meridian with the approval ol. the President of the United States. -It seems to me that it is hardly wise to require in advance theactionof Congress tojustifyor anthorizethisremova1. This Indian Territory is an immense domain, and I understand is un­occupied to a large degree west of 9SO, and it seems to me if any of the tribes that are now occupying New liexico desire to remoye per-

402 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 10,

manently to the Indian Territory they ought to have under this treaty tho privilege of doing so; and if that should be found to be wise and expedient it seems to me that we onght not to put upon our statute­books a. law which will prevent its consummation until such time a-s Congress can legislate upon the subject. Therefore I think this provision ou,ght to be stricken out. I think we can trust the Presi­dent of the United States not nnneoossarily to interfere with these treaty provisions or with the rights of the Indians now occupying that Territory, or with the feelings of the adja-cent States.

Mr. DORSEY. I am very sure that the chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs does not wish to mislead the Senate on one im­portant point; but his remarks leave the impression that the several tribes of Indians must give their consent before any other tribes can be removed into that Territory. That does not apply to all of that country w~t of the ninety-eighth meridian. The Commissioner of Indian .Aftairs or the executive authority of this Government can remove anybody they see fit, or any tribe they see fit that they have control of~ into the country west of the ninety-eight.h meridian, with­out regard to the civilized tribes living east of that line.

Mr. INGALLS. Mr. President., in my judgment this provision as it came from the lloUBe of Representatives should not only be retained, but its terms should be so enlarged as to prevent the removal of any Indians whatever to the Indian Territory without direct authority by act of Congress. The Senator from Minnesota sta.tes that there is now no law authorizing the President to remove unfriendly Indians into the limits of the Indian Territory. But whether that is so or not, if the Senator from Minnesota is not aware of the fact, everybody else is, that during the past six years the process has boon gradually going on of concentrating all the unfriendly Indians within these limits whenever they become dangerous in the localities where they have been residins:.. I need only refer for illustration to the Modoc-s. When they commttted the outrages that became historical, as soon as they were conque~d they were removed by order of the Executive, without any sanction or authority on the part of Congress, into the Indian Territory. So with the northern Cheyennes and various other bands that I might name that have been from time to time located there with the design of carrying out what I believe to be a fixed purpose to consolidate all Indians within that portion of our conn try known as the Indian Territory.

Now, Mr. President, the Senator from Iowa states that in his judg­ment this is a matter that concerns solely the Indians who made these treaties under which this region is occupied. It is easy for him,liv-

. ing in a State that is not exposed to the dangers of Indian depreda­tion, to reas<m philosophically upon the subject i but there are three great communities surrounding that Territory, Texas and Arkansas and Kansas, that have very material interest-s at stake, and that have at least as good right .to be considered as the civilized Indians living within the limits of that Territory.

In September last, in consequence of the unauthorized location of the northern Cheyennes within the Indian Territory, depredations were committed in Kansas that rivaled all the savage atrocities that were ever committed in colonial America. Not less than-thirty citi­zens of KamUlB, unarmed, unoffending, attending to peaceful pursni ta, were deliberately massacred in cold blood by these barbarians who had boon placed there against their wishes, against their protest, by the Executive Department, without theanthorityorsanction of Con­gress. Moro atrocities, more wrongs, more outrages, were committed than could b<: atoned for by the ntter extirpation and annihilation of evety Indian on the continent. Property to the amount of hundreds of thousands of dollars was destroyed or stolen, innocent women and children were . brutally murdered, houses, grain, all the products of industry. were wantonly destroyed by fire. And now, when we ask that we may be protected against further injuries resulting from this unauthorized policy, we are met by the statement that there is now no law which requires the Administrntion to do the acts of which we complain, and that therefore such a provision is superfluous.

I trust, Mr. President, that this provision will not only be agreed to by the Senate as it came from the Honse, but that it will be en­larged ; and at the proper t~e I shall move to so Amend it as to pre­vent the removal of J)>ny Indians hereafter into the Indian Territory without the direct authority and sanction of Congress.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the amendment of the Committee on Appropriations, to strike out the clause which baa been reported.

The question being put, a division was called for, and the ayes were7.

Mr. INGALLS. We had better have the yeM and nays. Mr. ALLISON. "Yes; let us have the yeas and nays. The yeas and nays were ordered. Mr. SAUNDERS. Mr. President, I wish to make one reiilftrk before

the vote is taken on this amendment. If I understand the policy of the 1)resent Administration, it is not, as has been stated by one of the Senators who has spoken, to concentrate a.ll the Indians in the Indian Territory, but to place them on fewer reservations than they now occupy. As ·I understand, we have now seventy-odd agencies in the United States, and troops are required at almost every one of these agencies to protect the India.ns, not only one tribe from a.nother, but to protect the whites from the Indians. It is asserted by the Senator from Arkansas that troops are already required to protect the Indians in New Mexico. The same troops could much more easily J:lrotect, in

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addition to ~he Indians that art'l already there, other Indians concen­trated on a reservation than they could protect them where they are separated.

The great mistake, it appears to me, that is being now made on this subject is that with our present small Army we have to scatter the troops over the country, so that there are only a very few at any one point. Look, if yon please, at the Cheyenne war, if yon may call it a war-I refer to the effort made by the Cheyennes tQ get away from the Territory only a short time ago. The Indians passed from their country through Kansas and through Nebraska and up into the northern Territories, while there were not troops enough on the right or on the left of them, within striking distance, to st.op their prog­ress. 'Ve have not troops enough now, and that is the trouble. In­stead of the same troops being scattered as they are now, a part of them engaged in protecting members of the same tribes in the Indian Territory, while part of them are protecting others in New Mexico, we shonld put the Indians together if they want to go together; and the same number of troops would certainly answer for all the Indians that now answer for only a part of them. In that way we could save much expense to the Government. I can see no crood reason why, if the Indians want to go there and the Indians of that Territory want them to come, (and that has- to be agreed npon before they can be removed,) they should not be removed. I believe there are now thirty-odd tribes in the Indian Territory and there is room. for thirty more of the same size. The country is useless to us as it now stands, and if the Indians want to go there and go to work and hecome civil, or if they can be even kept better and cheaper there, we ought to remove them. I think that the amendment of the Committee on Appropriations ought to be agreed to.

Mr. INGALLS. The Senator from Nebraska seems to intimate or endeavor to leave the impressfun that the Indians who ha.ve been re­moved te the Territory went there because they desired to do so. Nothing could be more inaccurate. Take the · ca~e of the Nez Perc6s. After having revolted in the Northwest they were captured and taken to Fort Leavenworth. They desired to be returned to thQir original reservation. Their request was refused, and they were sent to tho Territory a~ainst their wishes and over their -protest; and they are to-day rapi<1ly becoming exterminated from chmatic influences and from the want of proper medicine and food.

Mr. SAUl'l'DERS. Will the Senater from Kansas allow mo to ask him if it was not Congress in place of the Administration that sent them down there!

Mr. INGALLS. No, sir; it was not Congress • Mr. SAUNDERS. Yes, sir; I understaull that it was.

. Mr. ll{GALLS. It was by an order of the Executive, without san-c-tiOn of law. .

Mr. SA.lThTOERS. I certainly am more mistaken than I ever was in my life if we did not pass an act here authorizing those Indians to be sent to the Indian Territory. I remember opposing it mys6lf at the time, and I know that I was outvoted and the bill was carried and they were sent down there.

Mr. INGALLS. The Senator is mistaken. There never was aov oot passed authorizing the removal of the Nez Perces to the Indian 'Ter­ritory. It was an inhuman and an outrageous aot; and the result of it has been that in consequence of climatic influences largely, and through neglect and want of prop~r food, medicine, 'lnd clothing, thoso Indians, who had been the traditional friends of the white man for the greater part of a century, having boon driven to revolt by the aggressions of their neighbors, were exiled and are now gradually being destroyed. ·

Mr. ARMSTRONG. Over 25 yer cent. of them have died. Mr. SAUNDERS. That is al true, and I was as much opposed t-o

it as the Senator from Kansas; but nevertheless he will find himself mistaken. I have not the records at hand just now to refer to, but there was an act passed here within the last twelve months aut.bor­izing those same Indians to be taken from Fortr Leavenworth and · put in the Indian Territory. The Sonator is evidently mistaken, because at that very time I rose and objected to it on the ground that they being from the north, if taken into the humid atmosphere of the south, would die; and they are dyin#t. I have soon those Indians since myst"lf, and know that what the Senator cites is true, that 25 per cent. of them are already in their graves. I speak of that be­cause if the amendment provided for Indians coming from a north­ern district or country going into the Indian Territory I should oppose it; but these Indians that we are talking about now live in a south­ern country and are adapted and suited to that kind of climate.

Therefore I have no objection t.o their removal to the Indian Ter­ritory, while I did have great objectio:q to the removal of northern Indians.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yea-s and nays have boon ordered on the amendment reported from the Committee on Appropriation~, and the Secretary will call the roll.

The question being taken by yeas and nays, resulted-yeas 8, nays 32; as follows :

YBAS--8. Allison, Hoar, :Monill, Saunders, Davis of W.Va., Mitchell. Rollina, Windom.

NAYS--32. Armstrong, Burnside, Christiancy, Coke. Bayard, Butler, Cockrell, Conkling,

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1879. CONGRESSIOKAL RECORD-HOUSE. 403 Davia of Dlinois, .Dennis, = ~

Ingalls, J onee of Florida, · Kernan, McCreerY, McDonald, :Matthews,

Maxey, Morgan, Pa.tterson, Plumb, Randolph, Ransom,

ABSENT -36. Anthony, Chaffee, Bailey, Conover, Barnum, Dawes, Beck, E.'l.ton, :Blaine, Edmunds, ~th, Eustia, :Bruce, Ferry, Cameron of Pa., Ga.r1Jmd, Cameron of Wis., Gordon,

Grover, Hereford, Howe, Johnston. Jones of Nevada, Kellogg, KirkwOod,

it3iii~;n,

Saulsbury, Sharon, Voorhees, 'Vallace,

~T:rs. McPherson, ::Merrlmon, Oglesby, Paddock, Sargent, Spencer, Teller, Thurman, W::tdleigh.

So the amendment was rejected. Mr. INGALLS. I .now move to amend the bill, in line 1280, by

striking out from the clause as it came from the Honse the words "portion of said tribes of;" so as to rea-d:

And the President of the United States is hereby directed to prohibit the re­movol of any Indians to the Indian Territory unless the same shall be hereafter an~rlzed by act of Congress.

Th~PRESIDING OFFICER. Tp.e question is on the amendment of the Senator from Kansas, [Mr. INGALLS.]

Mr. WINDOM. I shall not debate the question. I only hope the Senat-e will do no such thing; but from the expression just given I think they are disposed to vacate the ·Indian Territory.

The question being put, there were, on a division-ayes 13, noes 16; no quorum voting.

Mr. CONKLING. The yeas and nays are to be demanded, I sup­pose, and! rise to ask that the amendment be reported.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Secretary will report the amend-ment. ·

The Secretary read the amendment. Mr. INGALLS. At the suggestion of some friends of the bill aa it

came from the-non.se, I withdraw the amendment. . The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment of the Senator from

Kansas is withdrawn and the Secretary will proceed with the reading of the bill.

Tlie Secretary resumed the reading of the bill. The next amend­ment of the Committ~e on Appropriations was, in line 1301, to increase the appropriation 11 for the support of the Tonkawa Indians at Fort Griffin, Texas," from $2,000 to $5,729.

The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment of the Committee on Appropriations was, in

line 135l') after the word ''pay," to strike out ''and expenses of de­tectives~ and insert" of employes;" so as to make the clause read:

Incidental expenses of Indian service in .Montana.: For general incidental ex· penscs of the Indian service, including pay of employes, $6,000.

The amendment waa agreed to. The next amendment was, in line 1399, before the word "hundred,"

to strike ont " four " and insert ''eight ;" in line 1400, after the word "' exceeding," to strike out " fifty " and insert" one hundred;" and in line 1404, after the word ''reservations," to strike out "thirty thou­sand six hundred" and insert " sixty thousand ;" so as to make the clanRe read :

Pay of Indian police: For the services of not eJtceedin:t eight hundred privates at $5 per month each.

and not exceeding one hundred officers at $a per month ~ch. of Indian pollee, and fur eqnipments, to be employed in mainta.inhi1Z order and prohibiting illegal traffic in liquor on the several Indian reservations, $60,000.

The amendment was a~d to. The reading of the bill was resumed and concluded. The last

amendment of the Committee on Appropriations wa~ to strik~ out the clause from line 7 to line 13 of section 6, in the following words :

And the Secretary of the Interior, under the direction of the President may nse agy surplns that may remain in any of the said appropriations herein made for the pnrchaae of subsistence for the several Indian tribe8, to supply any subsistence deficiency that may occur for any tribe: Prwided, lwwerer, Thatftinds'appropria.ted to ful1ill treaty obligations shall not be so used.

The amendment was agreed to. The bill waa reported to the Senate aa amended, and the amend­

menta were concurred in. It was ordered that the amendments be engrossed a.nd the bill read

a third time. The bill was read a third. time, and passed.

ADJOUR..~MENT TO MO~"'DAY.

Mr. wmDOM. I ask leave to withdraw the motion I entered this morning to reconsider the vote of the Senate adjourning over to Mon­day.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The motion may be withdrawn by common consent. The Chair hears no objection) and it is withdrawn.

ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED.

A message from the Honse of Representatives, by Mr. GEORGE M. ADAMS., it6 Clerk, announced that the Speaker of tke Honse had signed' tpe following enrolled bills:

A bill (S. Nc. 89) for the relief of James W. Richard and J. S. Brown & Brother, of Denver, Colorado;

A bill (8. No. 347) to remove the political disabilities of. Manning M. Kimmell, of Cap-e Girardeau County, :Missouri;

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A bill (S. No. 882) to authorize the proper aoo~unting officer of the Treasury to pay the claim of the Stat-e of Tennessee for keeping Unit~d States military prisoners ; .

A bill (S. No. 986) for the relief of William S. Morris, Wllliam S. Mann, Charles A. Oakman, George W. Hillman, the Union Transfer Company, all of Philadelphia, the Union Transfer Company of Balti­more, Maryland, and John R. Graham, late of Philadelphia, now of Washington, District of Colnm bia ;

A bill (S. :No. 992) for the relief of Columbus F. Perry and Elizabeth H. Gilmer, of Chambers County, Alabama.; and

A bill (S. No. 1244) for the relief of the legal representatives of George Williams, deceased.

E.."U:CUTI\~ SESSION.

Mr. ALLISON. I move that the Senate proceed to the conaidera­tion of executive business.

The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the consid- . eration of executive business. After three minutes spent in execu­tive session the doors were reopened, and (at three o'clock and thirty minutes p.m.) the Senate adjourned.

HOUSE OF REPRE~ENTATIVES. FRIDAY, Jwnuary 10, 1879.

The Honse met at twelve o'clock m. Prayer by Rev. Dr. C. K. MARsHALL, of Mississippi.

The Journal of yesterday was rea-d and approved. SUB.rncT CATALOGUE OF SURGEO~-GID\"ERAL'S I.:IBRARY.

Mr. O'NEILL, by unanimous consent, present.ed a memorial of the College ofPhysicians of Philadelphia, suggesting that there be printed by Con~ess the "tmbject catalogue of the library of the Surgeon­Generals Office" as of great importance to the medical pro.fession; which wa~ referred to the Committee on Printing.

HENRY 1\llLLS.

Mr. EDEN, by unanimous consent, introduced a bill (H. R. No. 5773) for the relief of Henry Mills; which was read a first and second time, referred to the Committee on Invalid Pensions, and ordered to be printed.

JOHN NAIL.

Mr. EDEN also, by unanimous consent, introduced a. bill (H. R. No. 5774) to place the name of John Nail, late a private in Company F, Second Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, on ~e pension-roll; which was read a first and second time, referrea to the Committee on Invalid Pensions, and or{lered to be printed.

JOHN BEABOUT.

Mr. EDEN also, by nna.nimons consent, introduced a. bill (H. R. No. 5775) to place the :pame of John Beabout, late a private in Company E, Forty-eighth Regimentlllinois Infantry, on the pensi<>n-roll; which was read a first and second time, referred to the Committee on Inva­lid Pensions, and ordered to .be printed.

JAMES F. BOTI'ORFF.

M:r. EDEN also, by unanimous consent, introduced a bill (H. R. No. !1776) granting a pension to James F. Bottorff, ·late a private in Com­pany I, Ninety-eighth Regiment Dlinois Volunteer Infantry; which was read a first and eecond time, referred to the Committee on Inva­lid Pensions, and ordered to be printed.

WAR CLAIMS.

Mr. EDEN also, by unanimous consent, introduced a bill (H. R. No. 5777) making appropriations for the payment of claims reported allowed by tlie commissioners of claims under the act of Congress of Mareh 3, 1871, and nets amendatory thereof; which was read a first and second time, referred to the Committee on War Claims, and ordered to be printed.

UNITED STATES ARSENALS AND ORDNANCE STORES.

Mr. TOWNSEND of New York, by unanimous consent, presented the following resolution of the senate of the State of New York; which was referred to the Committee on Military Affairs, and ordered to be printed in the RECORD:

STATE Olo' NEW ~RK. In Senate, Albany, Janvary 1, 1879.

Whereas, the 'Army reorganization bill, now before Congress, proposes to pro­hibit the future manufacture of ordnance and ordnance stores at United States arsenals, to sell all the arsenals which thus become unnecessary, and hereafter to purcbaso ordnance and ammunition from private manufacturers only: Therefore,

Resolved, That the Senators and Representatives of this State in Congress be re­quested to oppose the passage of said bill, or, at least, the portions relating to the Ordnance department, United ~ates arsenals, and ordnance stores.

:By order : JOHN W. VROOMAN, Olerk.

PROCE~DS OF Pt;BLIC LA...~DS FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES.

Mr. GOODE. By direction of the Committee on Education and Labor I ask unanimous consent that the bill to app1y the proceeds of sales of the public lands to the education of the people may be made a special order for Thursday the 23d of January, immediately afte.r the reading of the Journal .

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