-FROM HUNTERS AND GATHERS TO CIVILIZATION-ASSIGNMENT SUMMARY PARAGRAPH

Describe what a Describe what a civilization is.civilization is.

AIM: How did early humans survive?

DO NOW: How do we know people lived thousands of years ago??

TRACING THE MIGRATION (MOVEMENT) OF EARLY HUMANS

ACCORDING TO THE MAP, WHERE DID EARLY HUMANS ORIGIN?

AFRICA

LOUIS & MARY LEAKEY (1903-1972) - Kenyan archaeologists who began looking for early human remains in East Africa. They found many tools, bones & other artifacts.

DONALD JOHANSON - (1974) archaeologist who found “Lucy”, a part of an early human skeleton in Ethiopia

STANDARDS FOR BEING HUMAN:

1. 90cc (cubic cm) skull size

2. Upright vertebrate

3. Thumb for tool making

WHAT ARE THESE IMAGES & WHAT DO THEY TELL US ABOUT EARLY HUMANS?

*NOTES*

Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age) 2 million B.C. - 10,000 B.C.

1. Hunting & gathering societies

2. Nomads- people who travel from place to place in constant search of food and water

3. People traveled in small groups

4. Simple tools/weapons made of stone, bone & wood

5. Use of clothes & fire

6. Cave paintings found of animals

7. Animism- religion which involves worshipping spirits in nature

FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER CIVILIZATIONS

We begin at about 8,000 BCwhen village life began in the New Stone Age. . . Also known as theNeolithic Revolution.

NEW STONE AGE

WHAT IS THE REVOLUTION? A TOTALLY NEW WAY OF LIVING: From

Hunter-Gatherersto Agriculture

THE INVENTION OF AGRICULTURE CHANGED THE WAY PEOPLE LIVED.

• Agriculture (Farming)

• Growth of Cities

• Division of Labor (Specialization)

• Trade

• Writing and Mathematics

FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF CIVILAZATON

AIM: What advances in government, technology, and culture did early civilizations make?

DO NOW: Write down three words associated with the word civilized. (5 minutes)

OUR CIVILIZATION: NEW YORK CITY

WHAT FACTORS MAKE US A “CIVILIZED” AND COMPLEX SOCIETY? Write down at least 3 ideas.

*NOTES*

CIVILIZATION- (1) group of people living and working together for the purpose of creating an organized society.

(2) “the highest cultural grouping of people which distinguishes humans from other species”

(3) “complex systems or network of cities that emerge from pre-urban culture”

WHAT IS A CIVILIZATION???

Government

Religion

System of Writing

Class Structure

Division of Labor

1. ORGANIZED GOVERNMENT

Organize people to grow and distribute food

Make and enforce laws

Plan / organize large projects

Standardize money / collect taxes

Build an army for protection

2. ORGANIZED RELIGION Theocracy – Government by religion Early civilizations were ruled by priests

Set up rituals, symbols and shrines

Priests were gods or the representatives of gods

Polytheism – Many gods

3. SYSTEM OF WRITING A way to keep track of records

Laws to follow

Taxes to collect

What has been stored

Passes on knowledge to others

Priests were the ones who wrote

4. CLASS STRUCTURE

Ruler – Usually a priest

Priests/Nobles – Priests worked with gods Nobles were warriors with land

Merchants – People who traded

Shopkeepers/Artisans – Working class with some skills

Laborers/Farmers – Workers – no skills

Slaves – No freedom – lowest class

5. DIVISION OF LABORP

rovides goods and services

People develop specialized skills

Encourages trade and new technology

Encourages a system of social classes