Features of all matter that can be observed

and measured without changing the chemical composition of the substance

State of matter Volume Mass Weight Density Many, many more

Physical Properties

Physical properties that will change depending

on the amount or size of a substance: Volume – the amount of space an object takes up Mass – the amount of matter an object has Weight – a measure of the force, or pull, on

objects due to gravity On Earth, mass and weight are equal. However,

on the moon mass and weight would be different because the Moon’s gravity is less than Earth’s

Size-dependent properties

1. Would your mass be different on the Moon?

No. Mass is the amount of matter you have. That would not change.

2. Would your weight be different on the moon? Yes

3. Would you weigh more or less? You would weigh less because the Moon’s

gravity is less than Earth’s gravity

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Physical properties that stay the same no matter

how much of a substance there is: Color, taste, odor State of matter (solid, liquid, gas) Malleability – can be hammered into thin sheets Brittleness – break if they are hammered Ductility – can be drawn into a wire without

breaking Conductivity – heat and electricity move easily through

them

Size-independent properties

Take the copper wire out of the bag Observe it. Answer yes or no on your whiteboard for the

following properties; 1. malleability: 2. brittleness: 3. conductivity: 4. ductility :

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Magnetism – can be attracted by a magnet Melting point – solid turns to liquid or liquid

turns to solid Boiling point – Liquid turns to gas or gas turns

to liquid Density – The amount of mass per volume of

an object (g/cm3)

More Size-independent properties

Use the magnet at your desk to test which of the

items are magnetic Write the magnetic items on the dry erase board

and hold them up when you are done Lead fishing weight Copper wire Aluminum can tab Steel Bolt Steel paper clip Steel is a ferrous metal (contains iron – Fe)

Iron is magnetic!

Assessment Time

Changes in the appearance of a substance,

but NOT what it is made of, is a physical change

Changes in size or shape Changes of state

Ice melts to water Water boils to vapor It is still water

Physical Changes

Condensation

Gaseous H2O molecules cooling on a cold glass of ice water and forming water droplets on the outside

Sublimation A gas going directly to a solid Sublimation of Dry Ice (Solid CO2) Another Sublimation video Cool sublimation trick

Deposition A solid turning directly into a gas

More Physical Changes

Mixture – formed when 2 or more substances

come together, but do NOT combine chemically to make a new substance Can be a combination of solids, liquids and

gases Soil is a mixture of sand, clay, silt, decaying

plant and animal matter, air and water. Salads are a mixture of vegetables, fruits, and

dressing

More Physical Changes

The mixture is the same throughout Salt and water mix together to make a saltwater

The salt seems to disappear The salt and water molecules are spread evenly

throughout Salt dissolves in the water making a solution The substance that dissolves is called a solute The substance in which the solute dissolves is

the solvent

Homogeneous Mixture

Write the words and answers on the white

boards In a salt water solution, identify the; Solvent: Solute: Solvent: water Solute: salt

Assessment Time

A measure of how much solute will dissolve in a

certain amount of solvent at a certain temperature

The amount of solute compared to the amount of solvent is called concentration A large amount of solute in a small amount of

solvent would have a high concentration – unsaturated solution

A small amount of solute in a large amount of solvent would have a low concentration – saturated solution

Solubility

A mixture where the substances do not mix evenly Suspension – the particles of one substance are

temporarily mixed in another substance Muddy water – the soil particles will eventually settle Oil and vinegar salad dressing

Colloid – the particles are not dissolved, yet they do not settle out In between a solution and a suspension Milk Gelatin Mayonnaise Fog – tiny water droplets in air

Heterogeneous Mixture