© EUROASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2012 …

Евразиатский энтомол. журнал. Том 11. Прил. 2: 45–54 © EUROASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2012

A review of Paratendipes Kieffer (Diptera, Chironomidae)from the Yaeyama Islands, the Ryukyus, Japan

Îáçîð ðîäà Paratendipes Kieffer (Diptera, Chironomidae)ñ îñòðîâîâ ßçÿìà (Ðþêþ, ßïîíèÿ)

M. Yamamoto*, N. Yamamoto**Ì. ßìàìîòî*, Í. ßìàìîòî**

* 1-6-12, Satomachi, Yoshimi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture 759-6525 Japan. E-mail: [email protected].* Симоносеки, префектура Ямагути, Япония.

** Osaka Prefecture University, Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Life and Environment Science, Nakaku Gakuen-cho 1-1,Sakai, Osaka Prefecture 599-8531 Japan. E-mail: [email protected].** Лаборатория энтомологии, университет префектуры Осака, Япония.

Key words: Chironomidae, Chironominae, Paratendipes, Yaeyama Islands, Japan.Ключевые слова: Chironomidae, Chironominae, Paratendipes, острова Язяма, Япония.

Abstract. Three species of Paratendipes Kieffer, 1911from the Yaeyama Islands, the Ryukyus, Japan, namelyP. irioheius Sasa et Suzuki, 2000, P. nigrofasciatus Kieffer,1916 and P. tamafuscus Kobayashi et Sasa, 1991, are re-vised. P. irioheius is recognized as an independent speciesdistinct from P. nigrofasciatus.

Резюме. Проведена ревизия трёх видов рода Para-tendipes Kieffer, 1911: P. irioheius Sasa et Suzuki, 2000,P. nigrofasciatus Kieffer, 1916 and P. tamafuscus Kobayashiet Sasa, 1991 с островов Язяма (Рюкю, Япония). Данаотличительная характеристика видов P. irioheius иP. nigrofasciatus, считавшихся ранее трудно различимыми.

IntroductionFor over decade, we have continued to survey the

chironomid fauna in the Ryukyu Archipelago, espe-cially in the Yaeyama islands (24°17’–24°28’ N,123°17’–124°10’ E). During this survey, we couldconfirm three species of the genus Paratendipes Kief-fer are distributed in this area: these are P. irioheius(Sasa et Suzuki, 2000), P. nigrofasciatus Kefir, 1916and P. tamafuscus Kobayashi et Sasa, 1991. Of thesespecies, P. nigrofasciatus was treated as a senior syno-nym of Chironomus (Prochironomus) bifascipennisTokunaga, which was described from Taiwan, by Wangand Zheng [1989]. Furthermore, P. irioheius, whichwas firstly described under the name ProchironomusKieffer, was placed to a junior synonym of P. nigro-fasciatus by Kobayashi and Endo [2008]. However,we could recognize the former is distinct from thelatter through our recent investigation. P. nigrofascia-tus was previously known from Taiwan and China[Kieffer, 1916; Wang, Zheng, 1989]. Therefore, thespecies is new to Japan. The third species, P. tamafus-

cus was previously known only from Kanagawa Pre-fecture, midland of Honshu, Japan. The species is newto Yaeyama islands, Ryukyus. In addition to above-mentioned species, three other species, P. albimanus(Meigen, 1818), P. nubilus (Meigen, 1930) and P. nudi-squama (Edwards, 1929) are known from Japan [Toku-naga, 1965; Yamamoto, 1995, 2000]. In the presentpaper we describe the female of P. irioheius and rede-scribe P. nigrofasciatus.

Material and MethodsThe type specimens of Parachironomus irioheius

deposited in Sasa Collection were loaned from theNational Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba(NMST). The type specimens of Chironomus bifasci-pennis deposited in Tokunaga Collection in KyushuUniversity were preserved in alcohol. After being mac-erated in 5 % KOH solution, these specimens weretemporarily mounted in glycerol for drawing. The spec-imens used for re-description and illustration were fi-nally mounted permanently on slide in Euparal.

The terminology and measurement mainly followSæther [1980]. Egg-guide is used as a neutral term forthe lobes of gonapophyses VIII of Sæther [1980] in thefemale genitalia.

The measurements are given as the range, generallyfollowed by mean when 4 or more measurements weremade, followed by number of specimens measured (n)in parentheses.

Paratendipes irioheius (Sasa et Suzuki, 2000)Figs 1–4.

Prochironomus irioheius Sasa et Suzuki, 2000: 16;Paratendipes nigrofasciatus Kieffer: Kobayashi, Endo 2008:

59 (syn.).

46 M. Yamamoto, N. Yamamoto

Fig. 1. Paratendipes irioheius (Sasa et Suzuki, 2000), #. A — head, frontal view; B — ditto, posterior view; C — cibarial pump, posteriorview; D — epipharynx; E — head and thorax, lateral view; F — wing.

Ðèñ. 1. Paratendipes irioheius (Sasa et Suzuki, 2000), #. À — ãîëîâà, âèä ñïåðåäè; B — òî æå, âèä ñçàäè; C — «cibarial pump»,âèä ñçàäè; D — ýïèôàðèíêñ; Å — ãîëîâà è ãðóäü, âèä ñáîêó; F — êðûëî.

47A review of Paratendipes from the Yaeyama Islands

Material. Type material: Holotype, #, (NMST Type No.385: 043), Japan, Ryukyus, Okinawa Prefecture, YaeyamaIslands, Iriomote Island, Funauki, Kuira River, sweep net,2.VII.1999, H. Suzuki; paratypes: 5##, (NMST 385: 40–42,47–48), the same locality as holotype; 1#, (NMST 385: 29), thesame place, Ishigaki Island, Mt. Omotodake, 1.VII.1999. Addi-tional material: 3##; 4$$, idem, 21.VI.2005, M. & N. Yamamo-to; 2##; 3$$, idem, Hoshino; 1$, Iriomote Island, Uehara,21.III.2000, M. Yamamoto; 4$$, idem, Kanpira Falls, 17.XI.2001;2##, idem, 20.XI.2001.

Diagnostic characters. The species can be separatedfrom Paratendipes nigrofasciatus Kieffer in the followingcharacters: antennal ratio of 0.48–0.59; fuscous wing lackinganal lobe; superior volsella slenderer than that of the latter.

Male (Figs 1–2). The detailed description was given bySasa and Suzuki [2000: 16–17]. The following can be add-ed to the original description: scutum with small but distincthumeral pit; fuscous wing with anal lobe absent (Fig. 1F);fore tibia with a slender terminal spur.

Female (n=7, unless otherwise stated). Total length 1.7–2.3, 2.0 mm. Wing 1.0–1.3 mm long, 0.3–0.4 mm wide;wing length/wing width 2.74–3.15, 2.89.

Coloration. Head including antenna and mouthpartbrown. Thorax including pleura brown in color; scutal vit-tae, scutellum and postnotum dark brown. Halter yellowishwhite. Wing membrane largely tinged with brown, with twodistinct transverse broad bands. Legs predominantly yel-lowish white; all coxae brown, all trochanters yellowishbrown; all femora brown except yellowish white bases, tarsislightly darkened apically. Abdomen entirely dark brown.Cercus yellowish brown.

Head (Fig. 3 A–C). Temporal setae 9–12, uniserial.Flagellomere lengths (in µm): 76–94, 82; 52–56, 54 (6);54–60, 57 (4); 46–50 (3); 80–90 (3); with 9–11, 5–6, 5–6,6, 1 setae, respectively. Last antennal flagellomere withsubapical seta. Palpomere lengths (in µm): 30–40, 36; 34–42, 39; 88–102, 95; 110–118, 115 (6); 160–182, 173 (5);palpomeres with 0, 6–11, 24–29, 23–26, 14–16 setae, re-spectively; third palpomere with 4 sensilla clavata. Clypeuswith 17–21 setae. Cornua well developed.

Thorax (Fig. 3 D–E). Humeral pit small but distinct.Lateral antepronotal 0; dorsocentrals 15–20, including 5–7humerals, uniserial (6); acrostichals 9–14 (6), biserial; pre-alars 3 (6). Scutellum with 10–15 setae (5), biserial.

Wing (Fig. 3 F). Anal lobe absent. VR 1.30–1.41, 1.35.R, R1 and apical 1/2–3/4 of R4+5 with 9–15, 5–10, 12–21setae, respectively. Brachiolum with 2 medaian setae; with8–11 (5) basal, 3 median (6), and 7–9 (5) subapical sensillacampaniformia. Squama without seta (6).

Legs (Fig. 3 G). Scale of fore tibia low, rounded, withshort, slender apical spur. Fore, mid and hind coxae with2–5 (5), 4–6 (6), 3–5 (5) marginal setae, respectively; fore,mid and hind trochanters with 5–10 (4), 5–7 (5), 4–6 (4)marginal setae, respectively. Lengths and proportions oflegs as in Table 1.

Genitalia (Fig. 4 A–C). Sternum VIII with 15–16 (6)setae on each side. Laterostenite of T IX with 1–2 setae.Notum as long as length of sternum VIII, 136–160, 150 (5)µm long. Egg-guide large, not divided into two lobes. Post-gental plate slender and long.

Remarks. Sasa and Suzuki [2000] described Prochi-ronomus irioheius as distinct from Chironomus (Prochi-ronomus) bifascipennis Tokunaga in having an antennalratio of 0.48–0.59 against 0.91, the superior volsella widestat base against at middle. But the latter statement is wrongas shown in Fig. 2. The species was described as the genusProchironomus Kieffer because of lacking a terminal spuron the fore tibia. However, we could confirm the terminalspur on the fore tibia in some additional specimens. There-fore, it is distinct that the species is belonging to the genusParatendipes Kieffer. On the other hand, C. bifascipenniswas placed as a junior synonym of Paratendipes nigrofas-ciatus Kieffer by Wang and Zheng [1989]. Furthermore,Kobayashi and Endo [2008] concluded that Prochironomisirioheius is a junior synonym of P. nigrofasciatus based onthe shapes of superior and median volsellae, and peculiarwing markings. However, we concluded that P. irioheius is

Fig. 2. Paratendipes irioheius (Sasa et Suzuki, 2000), malehypopygium. A — dorsal view, B — ventral view.

Ðèñ. 2. Paratendipes irioheius (Sasa et Suzuki, 2000), ãèïîïèãèéñàìöà, A — âèä ñâåðõó, B — âèä ñíèçó.

P fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3 ta4 ta5 LR BV SV

P1590-722,

652492-615,

546 631-697 (2) 352-361 (2) 271 (2) 197-205 (2) 107-115 (2) 1.22-1.23 (2) 1.92-2.03 (2) 1.74-1.84 (2)

P2607-713,

664541-640,

593303-377,

335131-156,

14398-123,

11166-90,

8166-74,

690.55-0.59,

0.573.78-4.09,

3.943.59-3.88,

3.75

P3582-705,

634607-722,

657353-443,

389172-221,

194156-189,

17190-115,

10166-90,

800.57-0.63,

0.592.98-3.17,

3.073.17-3.45,

3.32

Table 1. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs of Paratendipes irioheius Sasa et Suzuki, femaleÒàáëèöà 1. Äëèíà ÷ëåíèêîâ íîã (ìêì) è èõ èíäåêñû ñàìêè Paratendipes irioheius Sasa et Suzuki


Fig. 3. Paratendipes irioheius (Sasa et Suzuki, 2000), $. A — head, anterior view, B — ditto, posterior view, C — antenna, D, E —anterior portion of thorax, lateral view, F — wing, G — apical portion of fore tibia.

Ðèñ. 3. Paratendipes irioheius (Sasa et Suzuki, 2000), $. A — ãîëîâà, âèä ñïåðåäè, B — òî æå, âèä ñçàäè, C — àíòåííà, D, E —ïåðåäíÿÿ ÷àñòü ãðóäè, âèä ñáîêó, F — êðûëî, G — àïèêàëüíàÿ ÷àñòü ïåðåäíåé ãîëåíè.

Fig. 4. Paratendipes irioheius (Sasa et Suzuki, 2000), female genitalia. A — ventral view, B — lateral view, C — dorsal view.Ðèñ. 4. Paratendipes irioheius (Sasa et Suzuki, 2000), ãåíèòàëèè ñàìêè. A — âèä ñíèçó, B — âèä ñáîêó, C — âèä ñâåðõó.


Fig. 5. Paratendipes nigrofasciatus Kieffer, 1916, #. A — head, anterior view; B — ditto, posterior view; C — cibarial pump, anteriorview; D — epipharynx; E — head and thorax, lateral view; F — wing; G — apical portion of fore tibia.

Ðèñ. 5. Paratendipes nigrofasciatus Kieffer, 1916, #. A — ãîëîâà, âèä ñïåðåäè; B — òî æå, âèä ñçàäè; C — «cibarial pump», âèäñïåðåäè; D — ýïèôàðèíêñ; E — ãîëîâà è ãðóäü, âèä ñáîêó; F — êðûëî; G — àïèêàëüíàÿ ÷àñòü ïåðåäíåé ãîëåíè.

an independent species distinct from P. nigrofasciatus bythe following characters: antennal ratio of 0.48–0.59, fus-cous wing with two distinct dark brown broad transversebands and lacks the anal lobe, and the superior volsellalonger than that of the latter species. On the other hand,

P. irioheius shares the distinct humeral pit with P. nigrofas-ciatus in both sexes.

Habitat. The species were collected on forest paths alonga narrow stream in evergreen broad leaved forest.

Distribution. Japan: Ishigaki and Iriomote Islands.


Paratendipes nigrofasciatus Kieffer, 1916Figs 5–6.

Paratendipes nigrofasciatus Kieffer, 1916: 117; Wang, Zheng,1989: 32; Qi et al., 2009: 68;

= Chironomus (Prochironomus) bifascipennis Tokunaga, 1940:302.

Material. Taiwan: Sizyukei, #, holotype of Chironomus(Prochironomus) bifascipennis (Tokunaga Collection No. 9-29,Kyushu University), 29.XII.1934, M. Tokunaga (hypopygiumlost); $, allotype of Chironomus (Prochironomus) bifascipennis,together with holotype (wing lost); Japan: Okinawa Prefecture,Yaeyama Isalands, Iriomote Island, Urauchi River, 2 ##, sweepnet, 20.VI.2005, M. & N. Yamamoto.

Diagnostic characters. The species is quite similar toP. irioheius Sasa et Suzuki, 2000, in the wing color patternand the structure of male genitalia. The species can beseparated from the latter by the higher antennal ratio of0.86–0.98 against 0.48–0.59, the wing membrane transpar-ent in ground color and weakly developed anal lobe, and theshape of the superior volsella.

Male (n=2). Total length 2.5–2.6 mm. Wing 1.1–1.2 mmlong, 0.3–0.4 mm wide; wing length/wing width 3.10–3.12.

Coloration. Head including mouth parts dark brown.Antenna including pedicel yellowish brown. Thorax includ-ing antepronotum and pleura brown in ground color, scutalvittae dark brown. Halter yellowish white. Wing hyaline,anterior part tinged with brown, veins yellowish brown,with two conspicuous brown transverse broad bands. Legsyellow in ground color; fore coxa pale brown; mid and hind

coxae, apical 1/2 of fore femur, apical 5/7 of mid femur andapical 2/3 of hind femur dark brown. Abdomen including9 T dark brown, apical 1/2 of gonocoxite and gonostylusyellowish white.

Head (Fig. 5 A–D). Temporal setae 10–13, uniserial.AR 0.86–0.98. Palpomere lengths (in µm): 24–36; 36–48;94–110; 118–138; 194; with 0, 7–13, 24–31, 25–28, 15setae, respectively; third palpomere with 2 sensilla clavata.Clypeus with 17–23 setae. Cornua well developed.

Thorax (Fig. 5 E). Humeral pit small but distinct. Later-al antepronotal 0; dorsocentrals 10–17 including 1–3 hu-merals, uniserial; acrostichals 10–12, biserial; prealars 3–4,uniserial. Scutellum with 8 setae, uniserial.

Wing (Fig. 5 F). Anal lobe weakly developed. VR 1.29–1.30. R with 6–10 setae. R1 and R4+5 without seta. Brachi-olum with 1 median seta; with 8–10 basal, 3 median, and 8subapical sensilla campaniformia. Squama bare.

Legs (Fig. 5 G). Apex of fore tibia with a slender spur,20 µm long. Fore, mid and hind coxae with 2–3, 2–4, 2marginal setae, respectively; fore, mid and hind trochanterswith 6–8, 4–5, 4–5 marginal setae, respectively. Lengthsand proportions of legs as in Table 2.

Hypopygium (Fig. 6 A–B). Tergum IX with 1–2 mediansetae. Anal point long, slender, parallel-sided, with roundedapex. Superior volsella comparatively short, ventrally hookeddistal part, with 2 dorsolateral setae and 2–3 inner setae atmiddle portion. Inferior volsella comparatively short, wide,racket-shaped, reaching tip of gonocoxite, with 21 shortrecurved seta on distal half. Median volsella short, with

Fig. 6. Paratendipes nigrofasciatus Kieffer, 1916, # (A, B) and $ (D, C). A — hypopygium, dorsal view; B — ditto, ventral view;C — antenna; D — female genitalia, ventral view.

Ðèñ. 6. Paratendipes nigrofasciatus Kieffer, 1916, # (A, B) è $ (D, C). A — ãèïîïèãèé, âèä ñâåðõó; B — òî æå, âèä ñíèçó;C — àíòåííà; D — ãåíèòàëèè ñàìêè, âèä ñíèçó.


Fig. 7. Paratendipes tamafuscus Kobayashi et Sasa, 1991, #. A — head, anterior view; B — ditto, posterior view; C — cibarial pump,posterior view; D — epipharynx; E — head and thorax, lateral view; G — apical portion of fore tibia.

Ðèñ. 7. Paratendipes tamafuscus Kobayashi et Sasa, 1991, #. A — ãîëîâà, âèä ñïåðåäè; B — òî æå, âèä ñçàäè; C — «cibarial pump»,âèä ñçàäè; D — ýïèôàðèíêñ; E — ãîëîâà è ãðóäü, âèä ñáîêó; G — àïèêàëüíàÿ ÷àñòü ïåðåäíåé ãîëåíè.


simple and slightly broadened setae. Gonocoxite with 4uniserially arranged setae on inner margin. Gonostylus com-paratively short, semicircular, with several short setae oninner margin of apical 1/3. Transverse sternapodeme broad-ened, with rectangular anterolateral corners.

Female (n=1, allotype of Chironomus bifascipennis).Total length 2.1 mm.

Head. Flagellomere lengths (in µm): 70, 40, 48, 42, 68;with 8, 5, 6, 6, 1 setae, respectively. First to fourth pal-pomere lengths (in µm): 32, 36, 80, 100; first palpomerewithout seta, second palpomere with 8 setae. Clypeus with15 setae.

Thoracic setation not observable.Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 3.Genitalia (Fig. 6–D). Sternum VIII with about 20 setae

on each side.Remarks. Paratendipes nigorofasciatus was previously

known from Taiwan and China. New to Japan.Habitat. The species was collected at the river mouth of

Urauchi River, Iriomote Island, where mangrove is welldeveloped (Fig. 9). For this reason, the larvae of this speciesmay live in brackish water.

Distribution. China: Fujian, Hainan and Yunnan; Tai-wan: Takao, Sizyukei; Japan: Iriomote Island.

Paratendipes tamafuscus Kobayashi et Sasa, 1991Figs 7–8.

Paratendipes tamafuscus Kobayashi et Sasa, 1991: 71.Type material. Holotype, #, (NMST Type No. 199:51),

Japan, Honshu, Kanagawa Prefecture, Kawasaki, Ikuta, 25.X.1989,T. Kobayashi.

Material. 3##, Japan: Ryukyus, Okinawa Prefecture, Yaeya-ma Islands, Iriomote Island, Pinai Sahra, sweep net, 7.VII.1999,M. Yamamoto.

Remarks. Paratendipes tamafuscus was previouslyknown only from midland of Japan. New to Iriomote Island,the Yaeyama Islands, the Ryukyus. The species was collect-ed near a shallow stream in the subtropical forest (Fig. 10).

Distribution. Japan: Honshu, Iriomote Island.

AcknowledgementsWe are grateful to Dr. O. Tadauchi and Dr. S. Kamitani,

Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, KyushuUniversity, Fukuoka and A. Shinohara (NMST) for the loanof the type material.


P1 574 500 566 262 230 164 98 1.13 2.12 1.9

P2 574 566 287 123 82 74 57 0.51 4.24 3.47

P3 558 590 385 205 164 82 66 0.65 2.97 2.98


P1 590-664 500-599 615-713 328-369 262-312 205-238 107-123 1.19-1.23 1.89-1.90 1,77

P2 615-689 525-609 336-385 148-172 115-131 82-90 66-74 0.63-0.64 3.60 3.36-3.39

P3 574-656 582-697 402-435 205-238 156-197 98-123 74-90 0.62-0.69 2.76-2.92 2.88-3.11

Table 2. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs of Paratendipes nigrofasciatus Kieffer, maleÒàáëèöà 2. Äëèíà ÷ëåíèêîâ íîã (ìêì) è èõ èíäåêñû ñàìöà Paratendipes nigrofasciatus Kieffer

Table 3. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs of Paratendipes nigrofasciatus Kieffer, femaleÒàáëèöà 3. Äëèíà ÷ëåíèêîâ íîã (ìêì) è èõ èíäåêñû ñàìêè Paratendipes nigrofasciatus Kieffer

Fig. 8. Paratendipes tamafuscus Kobayashi et Sasa, 1991, malehypopygium. A — dorsal view, B — ventral view.

Ðèñ. 8. Paratendipes tamafuscus Kobayashi et Sasa, 1991,ãèïîïèãèé ñàìöà. A — âèä ñâåðõó, B — âèä ñíèçó.

ReferencesKieffer J.J. 1916. Tendipes (Chironomides) de Formose conservés

au Museum National Hongrois de Budapest et determinés parJ.J. Kieffer // Annales histrico-naturales Musei nationalis hun-garici. Vol.14. P.81–121.

Kobayashi T., Endo K. 2008. Synonimic notes on some species ofChironomidae (Diptera) described by Dr. M. Sasa (†) // Zootaxa.Vol.1712. P.49–64.

Kobayashi T., Sasa M. 1991. Description of two new species of thechironomid midges collected from the Tama River, Tokyo


Fig. 9. Natural environment of collecting site of Paratendies nigrofasciatus Kieffer, 1917.Ðèñ. 9. Áèîòîï ìåñòà ñáîðà Paratendies nigrofasciatus Kieffer, 1917.

Fig. 10. Natural environment of collecting site of Paratendipes tamafuscus Kobayashi et Sasa, 1991.Ðèñ. 10. Áèîòîï ìåñòà ñáîðà Paratendipes tamafuscus Kobayashi et Sasa, 1991.


(Diptera, Chironomidae) // Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoo-logy. Vol.42. P.71–75.

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Tokunaga M. 1965. Chironomidae // Asahina S., Ishihara T., Ysas-umatsu K. (Eds): Iconographia Insectrum Japonicorum Colorenaturali edita III. P.181–183.

Wang X., Ji B., Zheng L. 1989. Studies on Chironominae (Dip-tera, Chironomidae) of China I. Paratendipes Kieffer, Sten-ochironomus Kieffer, and Cryptotendipes Lenz // Acta Sci-entiarum naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis. Vol.4. P.31–35.

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Yamamoto M. 2000. Chironomidae (Diptera) found in the Garden ofthe Imperial palace, Tokyo // Memoirs of the National ScienceMuseum. Vol.36. P.381–395 [In Japanese].

Поступила в редакцию 18.06.2012

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