Discuss the nature of science, scientific inquiry and problem solving

Analyze cellular design and function in plant, animal and bacterial cells

Explore the structure of DNA and its relationship to the cell

Evaluate forensic techniques

Biotechnology Quiz 2 Review

Science is basically predictability

It is using what we know today to give us the ability to predict certain things about the world around us

What is Science?

Scientists use Critical Thinking

Be Curious – look around and ask questions about things

Be Skeptical – don’t always believe the first thing you hear

Be Flexible – even after you have found one explanation, keep looking, you may find an even better one later

How does a Scientist Think?

Scientists use the Scientific Method

Observation –carefully watching something around us

Hypothesis – an educated guess explaining what you are observing

Experiment – testing your hypothesis by designing and carrying out an experiment

Conclusion – judging on the basis of your experiment if your hypothesis is right or wrong

How do a Scientist Act?

Experimental – the group in the experiment that is tested

Control – the group in the experiment that stays the same

Two Groups in Experiment

Correlation – two things happen together

Cause Effect - one thing or event actually causes the other to happen

Two Groups in Conclusion

All living matter is made up of one or more cells. Also, any cell alive today

had its origin in a preexisting cell

Cell Theory

Plant cells have cell walls Plant cells have chloroplasts that contain

chlorophyll Plant cells have larger vacuoles than Animal

cells Animal cells contain centrioles Many animal cells have flagellum to help

with movement

Differences between Animal and Plant Cells

Bacteria are prokaryotes, they do not have a well-defined nucleus

Bacteria cells contain a single closed DNA circle

Need a microscope to see them Bacteria come in three shapes

◦ Cocci (round)◦ Bacilli (rod-shaped)◦ Spirilla (spiral-shaped)

Bacterial Cells

A gene is a unit of information that can be passed on to offspring

They are a powerful influence on physical and mental characteristics

As powerful as genes are, however, it’s important to remember that environment also helps shape organisms

Genetics and DNA

Genes are usually either dominant or recessive

◦ A dominant gene is expressed in the offspring no matter what gene the other parent contributes

◦ A recessive gene is expressed in the offspring only if both parents contribute recessive genes

Genetics and DNA

A genome is an organism’s complete set of DNA

Except for mature red blood cells, all human cells contain a complete genome

What is a Genome?

DNA contains a phosphate group that attaches to base pairs

The four base pairs of DNA are:◦ Adenine (A)◦ Thymine (T)◦ Guanine (G)◦ Cytosine (C)

Remember A only attaches to T and G only attaches to C!!!

Genome Science

Forensic comes from the Latin word forensis.

Forensic science is science used in public, in court or in the justice system. Any science, used for the purposes of the law, is a forensic science.

What is Forensic Science?

1. Firearms and tool marks2. Forensic profiling3. Document examination4. Autopsy5. DNA typing6. Forensic Anthropology7. Odontology8. Blood

Forensic Science Techniques