APA CitationSources must be cited in two places in a research paper:

1. in your text 2. on a separate

reference page

What should you cite to avoid plagiarism? Direct quotes Summaries Paraphrases Videos Movies Music Art (clip art, photos) News articles

Graphs Charts Cartoons

As you research for your project…Always write down your sources

for: Books Pictures Photos Articles Web pages Recipes Videos Songs Movies Graphs Surveys charts

What should you write down? Title of book Title of article Author’s name(s) Date published/written Type of sources – i.e.

movie, video, website, map, photo

Published url Date url last updated City of publication Page numbers

In Text Citation

What are you citing Paraphrases Summaries Direct quotes Photos, artwork, cartoons,

movies Not citing = plagiarism

The information you need for in-text citation

Author’s name(s) Date of publication Page #(s) for direct quote Website name if no author

Where do in-text citations go?

Type in brackets directly following quote, summary or paraphrase.

End of sentence punctuation follows the last bracket

Author + date (paraphrase)

The cruelty of the South is described in the song, “Southern Man” (Young, 1970).

Neil Young describes the cruelty of the South in “Southern Man”(1970).

Author + date (direct quote)

The line, “with the best laid plan” (Young, 1970, l 3), suggests that the South’s plan for segregation was not going to work.

In the line, “with the best laid plan” (1970, l3), Neil Young suggests that the South’s plan for segregation was not going to work.

More than one author

(Nash & Young, 1974) – more than 1

(Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, 1974) – 3 to 5

(Young et al, 1974) – 6 or more

What if you don’t know the author?

"Southern man" suggests that young white men from the South should look within themselves and see all the terrible things they have done. (Lyric interpretations, 2009)

Use the article/web page title or if lengthy, a part of this title

Notice only the first word is capitalized

What if you don’t know the date?

(Young, n.d.) (Lyric interpretations, n.d.)

What if you are using an electronic source and you know the author?

(Author, date) – summary, paraphrase (Author, date, p#) – direct quote if

page numbers available (Author, date, para.#) or (Author, Date,

Section heading) – direct quote if no page numbers - Use paragraph # or section name)

What if you are using an electronic source and you don’t know the author?

(Web Page/article name, date) – summary, paraphrase

(Page/article name, date, p#) – direct quote if page numbers available

(Web Page/article name, date, para.#) or (Web Page/article name, , Date, Section heading) – direct quote if no page numbers - Use paragraph # or section name)

What if you are using an entire website?

If an entire web site is being cited, you do not need to include the web site in your reference list.

Instead, include the website in your text (http://csny.com)

Comic Strip, Photo, Illustration, Clip Art, Map

Use the same in-text format as you would for text

(Artist/Illustrator/Photographer’s Name, date)

(Sheehan, n.d.)

Personal Communication

Another student mentioned “she was tired of all the negative topics” (C. Davidson, personal communication, March 9, 2011).

Film

(Producer & Director, year) Example: Mississippi Burning - (Zollo &

Parker, 1988)

References

SFU Citation Guide Seneca Libraries APA APA Style Norton site