עלי, שמואל, שאול, ודוד Destruction of Shiloh Shmuel’s Career The Rule of Saul David and Saul

, , ודוד, שאול שמואל עליDestruction of Shiloh Shmuel’s CareerThe Rule of SaulDavid and Saul

THE DESTRUCTION OF SHILOH

ReligionThe Centrality of the Mishkan in Shiloh

The Role of ElkanahEli and His Sons

The War with the Philistines

Religion

Avodah Zarah, Bamos and Syncretistic Worship

This shows a temple in Gezer where the idolaters have two altars one of the two back stones is for Hashem the other for his “wife” Asherah

Shrines to Avodah Zara and idols are commonly found at archeological sites shows its prevalence ◦ The Jews did not completely expel the Canaanite

population and their influence damaged the Jews worship of Hashem

Personal alters or במות are also found◦ Before the Mishkan was moved to Shiloh it was

permitted to bring sacrifices on a במה

◦ During the time of the Mishkan in Shiloh and the time of the Beis Hamikdash sacrifice is only permitted in the Temple but when during the period of time when the Mishkan was in Gilgal, Nov or Givon it Baamos were permitted

◦ After the Mishkan was moved to Shiloh it was prohibited but many people continued to bring sacrifices on במות

◦ It continued to be an עבירה through the entire time of the Beis Hamikdash

Is the inclusion of Hashem into the pantheon of idols and pagan "ז ע◦ This is the natural combination of independent

worship of Hashem and of the prevalence of עבודהof the Canaanites זרה

Mishkan Shiloh

Rambam Bies Habechirah 1:2 פ" הבחירה בית הלכות ם ' רמב ב" הל א

Once they came into the land of Israel they placed the Mishkan in Gilgal for 14 years while they conquered and divided the land of Israel.

From there they cam to Shiloh and built there a house of stone and spread curtains of the Mishkan on it but it had no roof.

For 369 years the Mishkan was in Shiloh and when Eli died it was destroyed and they went to Nov and built there a holy site.

Shmuel died and Nov was destroyed they came to Givon and from there to the House of Ages. And the Mishkan was in Nov and Givon for 57 years

העמידו לארץ שנכנסו כיוןשנה עשרה ארבע בגלגל המשכן

, באו ומשם ושחלקו שכבשואבנים של בית שם ובנו לשילהולא עליו המשכן יריעות ופרשו " , שנה ט ושס תקרה שם היתהעלי וכשמת שילה משכן עמד

, מקדש שם ובנו לנוב ובאו חרבלגבעון ובאו חרב שמואל וכשמת

באו ומגבעון מקדש שם ובנו , וגבעון נוב וימי העולמים לבית

. שנה וחמשים שבע

Mishkan Shiloh

Elkanah

Map of Shilohhttp://members.bibarch.org/image.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=12&Issue=01&ImageID=02400&SourcePage=search.asp&UserID=0&

The first steps to Monarchy

Every year would go and sacrifice to Hashem at Shiloh

The Medrish says that he went a different way each year to bring more and new people with him

He was trying to unite the Tribes of Israel

Mishkan Shiloh

Excavations at ShilohKaufman, Asher S. “Fixing the Site of the Tabernacle at Shiloh.” Biblical Archaeology Review, Nov/Dec 1988, 46-49, 52. http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=14&Issue=6&ArticleID=3 (accessed 10/18/2010

Eli Was the גדול in כהן

Shiloh He judged Israel for

40 His children Chofni

and Pinchas do not continue in his way

They use the Mishkan as a source of income instead of a viewing it as an privilege to work in the house of Hashem

Mishkan Shiloh

Shiloh Plaquehttp://www.pbase.com/rdavid/image/64634118 Eli

Elkanah and his wife Chana gave Shmuel to be raised in the Mishkan in Shiloh

Shmuel received prophecy and become known as a prophet


Ebenezer – העזר האבן

Map of the Battle of EbenezerFinkelstein, Israel. “Shiloh Yields Some, But Not All, of Its Secrets.” Biblical Archaeology Review, Jan/Feb 1986, 22-41. http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=12&Issue=1&ArticleID=7 (accessed 10/18/2010)

The Jews go out to war with the Philistines it is not clear over what they went to war

One can imagine that it was to either defend themselves from a Philistine offensive or to try and retake some of the land taken from them by the Philistines

The Jew are not successful so they descried to take the from the Mishkan to ארוןbattle

The Jews lost the battle and the Philistines captured the ארון

When the news reached Eli he died and his daughter-in-law died as she gave birth to a son named Ichabod אי(great name) כבוד


Return of the ארון

Travels of the ארון after the Capture by the Philistines

The Philistines are overcome by plague and are forced to return the ארון

It went first to Beth-Shemesh but also caused problems

So it was taken to Kiriath-Yearim

Meanwhile the rest of the Mishkan set up in Nov

The Navi says that Jews then defeated the Philistines miraculously and retook the cities captured by the Philistines

The Jews also were at peace with the Amorites

SHMUEL’S CAREER

Movement to MonarchyCircuit RiddingInstalling His Sons Anointing Saul

Shmuel’s Career

Shmuel the Unifier

Map of Shmuel’s Circuit

ז פרק א שמואל ) י) hמi י jkל כ ִישimרlאhל אoת kאhל שipמו jט kפipשqk rי ו טו

lkיו: חrי ) אhל) בhkית iסlבrב ו lה בikשlpנ lה שlpנ י hk ד qמ i iהlלrְך ו טז

אhת ִישimרlאhל אoת iשlpפrט ו lה kפiְצqkמrהi ו lkל qkלiג iהrג ו: okה הlאhל הrמikקוjמוjת lkל כ

) iשlpם) ו jיתוhkב שlpם qkי כ הlרlמlתlה jתוlבupשiתk ו יז : lק לrיקjו rחhkבi ז qמ שlpם qkבoן rי ו ִישimרlאhל אoת שlpפlט

Following in his father’s footsteps Shmuel would judge Israel on a circuit

He would go from Ramah to Beth-El to Gilgal, and Mitzpeh then back to Ramah

Shmuel’s Career

Shmuel Installs His SonsQuick History of

Inherited Office in Judaism ח פרק א שמואל

) lיו) בlkנ אoת lkשomם rי ו kאhל שipמו lקhן ז rkאxשopר כ iהqי rי ו א: לiִישimרlאhל שjpפiטqים

) (k hהו מqשipנ iשhpם ו יוjאhל הrבikכוjר jנוikב שopם iהqי rי ו ב: שlpבrע בqkבiאhר שjpפiטqים lkה אxבqי

) הrבlkְצrע) kאrחxרhי qkטkו rי ו בqkדiרlכlיו lיו kבlנ הlלiכו iלjא ו ג: lט kפipשqמk rkטkו rי ו kשjpחrד qkקiחו rי ו

When Shmuel became old he placed his sons as judges over Israel.

And the name of his fist born son was Yoel and his second son was Aviyah and they were judges in Be’er Shevah.

His sons did not walk in his way and they turned after gain and they took bribes and perverted justice.

Moshe – did not have his sons take over after him because they were not worth and his grandson became a priest to Pesel Micha

Yehoshuah – also did not pass along his office to his sons

Gidon’s son Abimelech – attempted to become King in Shechem where he killed all his siblings, and destroyed the city of Shechem, burning 1000 people in the city citadel

In short up until now only the Kehunah has been hereditary

Shmuel’s Career

Choosing a KingAfter uniting all of

Israel and unsuccessfully attempting to pass along his office to his sons

The people gather and ask for a king

Shmuel is unhappy with the idea but is forced to turn to Hashem to find a King

Shmuel finds Saul when he comes to ask about his father’s donkeys

Shmuel anoints him to be the King over all of Israel

Shmuel casts lots to in public to show that Saul was divinely ordained to be King

THE REIGN OF SAUL

War with AmmonWar with Philistines War with Amalek

War with Ammon

Nachash the Ammonite

The People of Yavesh Gilead were under attack by Nachash the Ammonite who would only give terms if he could gouge out the right eye of every Jew

They sent to Saul to help them

Saul took a pair of oxen and cut them up and said anyone who does not join us will have their animals cut up like these

All Israel came, 330,000 men

Who defeated the Ammonites

War with the Philistines

Michmash-מכמש

The Jews are again at war with the Philistines probably, a united Israel felt that they could stand up to the Philistines

Saul was rebuked for not waiting for Shmuel and was told that the kingdom would be striped from him

After a protracted description in the Navi of the battle Saul defeats the Philistines

War with AmalekWar with Amalek

Shmuel Commands an Attack on Amalek

There were three Mitzvos commanded to Israel when they entered the land of Israel◦ Appoint a king

◦ Defeat Amalek

◦ Build a Beis Hamikdash

Once they appointed a king it was time to move on to the next Mitzvah

War with Amalek

Amalek Defeated Amalek was defeated and

only the King Agag was left alive and the best of the animals were spared

Shmuel comes and rebukes Saul who does not admit a mistake

Shmuel then says that Hashem will anoint another King to rule over Israel even now when you are alive

Shmuel then kills Agag

SAUL AND DAVID

David and Saul Second War with Philistines

David and GoliathDavid as a FugitiveFinal Battle with the Philistines

David and Saul

Shmuel Anoints David War with the Philistines

Shmuel goes to בית and anoints David לחםas king

David is then sent for by Saul to be his court musician

Possibly a case of keeping your friends close and your enemies even closer

Another war with the Philistines breaks out

Goliath from Gath the hero of the Philistines challenges the Israelites to single combat

David meets his challenge and kills him with a rock from his sling

David is hailed a hero by the Jews and becomes seen as a threat by Saul

David and Goliath

Goliath of Gath

National Museum, AthensWarriors’ Vase. Soldiers in full battle dress decorate an early 12th century B.C. vase from Mycenae. Their bronze helmets and leg guards, coats of mail and spears are all similar to Goliath’s armor and weaponry as described in the Bible. These well-known elements of Aegean warfare, shared by the Mycenaean warriors and Goliath, show the transfer of Aegean tradition to Philistia.The passage in 1 Samuel 17:5–7 compares Goliath’s spear to “a weaver’s beam” because this type of weapon had not been seen in Israel before and had no Hebrew name. The Warriors’ Vase shows the earliest representation of this javelin-type spear with loop.Dothan, Trude. “What We Know About the Philistines.” Biblical Archaeology Review, Jul/Aug 1982, 20-44. http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=8&Issue=4&ArticleID=1 (accessed 10/19/2010)

יז פרק א שמואל ) iִישimרlאhל) ו okה ז qמ הlהlר אoל עjמiדqים qים kתipשqלiפk ו ג

: hיהoם hkינ ב iא rkי iהrג ו okה ז qמ הlהlר אoל ( עjמiדqים hkְצhא ) rי ו דrkת ג qמ jמוipש lת lkלiי ג qים kתipשqלi kפ מqמrkחxנוjת rִים hkנ הrב pישqא

) ( : ַעrל iחjשopת נ iכוjבrע ו ה lרoת lז ו אrמkוjת pשhpש jהוiבlk גkמqשipקrל ו pשk לlבו kא הו קrשimקrשqkmים iשqpרiיוjן ו jוpאשjר ) ( : ו iחjשopת נ שipקlלqים אxלlפqים חxמhשopת הrשqkpרiיוjן

: ikתhפlיו כ hkין ב iחjשopת נ iכqידוjן ו רrגiלlיו ַעrל iחjשopת נ kמqְצiחrת ו ) (jיתוq חxנ iלrהoבoת ו qים אjרiג נוjר iמqk כ jיתוq חxנ iַעhץ ו וחץ ז

: lיו לiפlנ i הjלhְך lkה qkנ הrְצ iנjשhmא ו oל בrkרiז שipקlלqים מhאוjת pשhpש ) jkאמoר) rי ו ִישimרlאhל מrַעrרiכjת אoל qkקiרlא rי ו rkַעxמjד rי ו חאlנjכqי הxלוjא מqלiחlמlה iְךjרxַעrלk תhְצiאו לlמlkה לlהoם

pישqא kלlכoם בikרו kל לiשlpאו ים qדlבxַע oם kתrאi ו qי kתipשqלi kפrה: אhלlי hרhד iי ו

David and Goliath

Goliath of Gath


Samuel I 17

(3) The Philistines were standing on the mountain on one side and Israel was standing on the mountain on the other side, and the valley was between them (4) A champion went forth from the Philistine camps whose name was Goliath of Gath; his height six cubits and one half cubit. (5) He had a copper shield on his legs and a copper neck-guard between his shoulders. (7) The shaft of his spear was like a weavers’ beam and the blade of his spear weighed six hundred iron shekels, the shield bearer walked before him. (8) He stood and called out to the battalions of Israel and said to them "why are you going forth to wage war? Am I not the Philistine while you are the servants of Saul? Choose yourselves a man and let him come down to me!”

David and Goliath

Goliath of Gath


Example of Philistine Greek origins

◦Long spear

◦Bronze armor

◦Helmet

One on one combat between Heroes is found in many Greek battles starting from the Odyssey

David as Fugitive

David Runs from Saul Saul forces David to flee from

court During his flight David stays at

the city of Nov and tells them that he is on a mission from Saul and they should feed him

Nov is the city at which the Mishkan is set up

(The Aron is in Kiryath Yearim) The Kohanim feed him and

David leaves Saul finds out about the

Kohanim giving aid to David and kill all the Kohanim

David finds refuge in many different places including ◦ Gath

◦ Adullam

◦ Keilah

◦ Ziph

◦ En-gedi

◦ Carmel

◦ Hachilah

◦ Ziklag

David as Fugitive

David Runs from Saul

David finds refuge in many different places including ◦ Gath

◦ Adullam

◦ Keilah

◦ Ziph

◦ En-gedi

◦ Carmel

◦ Hachilah

◦ Ziklag

Final Battle with the Philistines

Saul David Saul is at war with the

Philistines Philistines and Israel meet at

Machanyim◦ Israel in ביזרעאל אשר עין

◦ Philistines in Aphek

They fought the Battle on Har Gilboa

Saul was defeated and killed so were his sons

The Philistines put his body on the wall of Beth Shean

The men of Yavesh Gilead took down the bodies of Saul and his sons

David is in Ziklag and attached to the Philistines who are at war with Israel

Before the Battle the Philistines reject David and his men as the same person who killed Goliath

David returns to Ziklag and it has been raided by Amalek

David then goes and attacks Amalek and defeats them

Then news of the disaster and death of Saul and Jonathan reaches him and he kills the messenger and begins mourning

Documents

עלי, שמואל, שאול, ודוד Destruction of Shiloh Shmuel’s Career The Rule of Saul David and Saul