Upload
duonghanh
View
224
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
MASTICATORY MUSCLES
• n. V3 – n. MANDIBULARIS
• derivates of 1st pharyngeal arch
• m. temporalis
• m. masseter
• m. pterygoideus medialis
• m. pterygoideus lateralis© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Lower jaw movements
• elevation (elevatio)
• depression (depressio)
• protraction / propulsion (protractio /
propulsio)
• retraction / retropulsion (retractio /
retropulsio)
• lateropulsion (lateropulsio)
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
m. temporalis
m. masseter
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Jakub Štefela,Svaly hlavy a krku, 2012 9© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
m. pterygoideus
lateralis
m. pterygoideus medialis
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
m. pterygoideus
lateralis
m. pterygoideus medialis
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Jakub Štefela,Svaly hlavy a krku, 2012 12© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Mandibular sling
• fibrous sling below angulus mandibulae
• connection of m. masseter and m.
pterygoideus medialis
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
FACIAL MUSCLES
• n. VII – n. FACIALIS
• derivates of 2nd pharyngeal arch
• muscles around the eye
• muscles around the nose
• muscles around the mouth
• muscles of the cranial vault
• muscles of the auricle
• m. buccinator© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Muscles around the eye
• m. orbicularis oculi
• pars palpebralis
• pars profunda(former pars lacrimalis)
• pars orbitalis
• m. procerus
• m. corrugator supercilii
• m. depressor supercilii
Muslces around the nose
• m. nasalis
• pars alaris
• pars transversa
• m. depressor septi nasi© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Muscles around the mouth
modiolus anguli oris
•m. orbicularis oris
• pars marginalis
• pars labialis
• m. levator labii superioris
• m. levator l.s. alaeque nasi
• m. depressor labii inferioris
• m. levator anguli oris
• m. depressor anguli oris
• m. zygomaticus major
• m. zygomaticus minor
• m. risorius
• m. mentalis
• m transversus menti© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Modiolus anguli oris
• fibro-muscular node connecting the insertions of facial muscles
• serve as the „hub“ and forms a dimple on the cheek
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Galea aponeurotica
Epicranial sponeurosis
• tough aponeurosis covering the vertex of skull
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Scalpation
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Subgalear hematoma
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Muslces of the cranial vault
= m. epicranius
• m. occipitofrontalis
• venter frontalis
• venter occipitalis
• m. temporoparietalis
Galea aponeurotica =
Aponeurosis epicranialis
Muscles of the auricle
• m. auricularis anterior
• m. auricularis superior
• m. auricularis posterior
• rudimentary muscle of
auricle (7)
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
m. buccinator
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Musculus buccinator
• ductus parotideus Stenoni
• corpus adiposum buccae Bichati
• lateral wall of oral cavity
• testing movements of n. facialis
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Fasciae of head
• fascia temporalis
• fascia parotidea
• fascia masseterica
• fascia buccopharyngea
• lamina interpterygoidea
corpus adiposum buccae Bichati
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Corpus adiposum buccae Bichati
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
continuous fibro-musuclar layer connecting the facial muscles andfilling spaces between and around them
Superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS)
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Motor somite cranial nerves
• preotic myotomes (somitomeres) form the external
muscles of eyeball – n. III, IV, VI
• occipital somites from the muscles of tongue – n. XII© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
External muscles of eyeball
• mm. recti
– superior, inferior, medialis, lateralis
• mm. obliqui
– inferior, superior
• m. levator palpebrae superioris
• inervace: n. III, n. IV, n. VI
• smooth muscles: m. orbitalis Mülleri, m. tarsalis sup. Mülleri + inf.
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
External muscles of eyeball
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Jakub Štefela,Svaly hlavy a krku, 2012 34© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Movements of eyeball
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Anulus tendineus communis Zinni
inside:
• n. III
• n. VI• n. nasociliaris
• n. II + AO
outside:
• n. IV• n. frontalis
• n. lacrimalis
• v. ophthalmica superior
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
MUSLCES OF THE NECK
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
• corpus
• cornua majora
• cornua minora
Os hyoideum
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
39Jakub Štefela,Svaly hlavy a krku, 2012© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Muscles of neck
• platysma – n. VII
• m. sternocleidomastoideus – n. XI + C2-4
• mm. infrahyoidei – ansa cervicalis profunda
• mm. suprahyoidei – V3, VII., C1
• mm. scaleni – nn. spinales (C1-C8)
• deep muscles of neck – nn. spinales (C1-C6)
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Platysma
• superficial (skin) muscle
• external to lamina spf.
fasciae cervicalis
• absent in the midline
• insertion: pars labilais,
modiolaris et mandibularis
• n. VII (r. colli)
• function: skin tension
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Krční řasa – Pterygium colli
Turners‘ sy
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
M. sternocleidomastoideus
• origin: 2 parts
– pars sternali et clavicularis
– fossa supraclavicularis minor
(projection of cupula pleurae)
• úpon: processus mastoideus
+ linea nuchalis superior
– n.XI + fibers from C2-4
– movements in articulatio
atlantooccipitalis
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
M. sternocleidomastoideus
function
bilateral:
1. posterior part –
retroflexion
2. anterior part –
anteflexion
unilateral:
1. lateroflexion to the
same side
2. rotation to the
opposite side
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Musculi infrahyoidei
• m. sternohyoideus
• m. sternothyroideus
• m. thyrohyoideus – C1
• m. omohyoideus
– venter superior + inferior
• innervation: ansa cervicalis profunda C1-C3
• function: stabilization of larynx
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Torticollis
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Musculi suprahyoidei
derivates of 2nd pharyngeal arch – n. VII
• m. stylohyoideus
• m. digatricus – venter posterior
derivates of 1st pharyngeal arch – n. V3
• m. mylohyoideus
• m. digatricus – venter anterior
derivates of cervical somites:
• m. geniohyoideus – C1
• function: stabilization of larynx (phonation)
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Musculi scaleni
• m. scalenus anterior – C4-6
• m. scalenus medius – C3-8
• m. scalenus posterior – C7-8
• fissura scalenorum
• skalenic syndrome
• anaeshetic block of plexus brachialis
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Deep cervical muscles
• m. longus capitis – C1-3
• m. longus colli – C2-6
• m. rectus capitis anterior – C1
• m. rectus capitis lateralis – C1
• movements of head and cervical vertebral
column
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Jakub Štefela,Svaly hlavy a krku, 2012 58© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Triangles of neck
• regio colli anterior
– trigonum submandibulare
– trigonum submentale
– trigonum caroticum Malgaignei
– trigonum omotracheale = musculare
• regio colli lateralis
– trigonum omoclaviculare
– trigonum omotrapezium
– fossa supraclavicularis minor
– fissura scalenorum
– trigonum scalenovertebrale© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Jakub Štefela,Svaly hlavy a krku, 2012 60© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
FASCIA CERVICALIS – 3 layers
• lamina
superficialis
• lamina
pretrachealis
– vagina
carotica
• lamina
prevertebralis
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Jakub Štefela,Svaly hlavy a krku, 2012 62© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
• spatium previscerale
• spatium paraviscerale
• spacium retroviscerale
continuous with:
• cranially: spatium parapharyngeum
spatium retropharyngeum
• caudally: spatium suprasternale
mediastinum superius
Spaces in neck
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Spaces in neck
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
Septum styloideum („bunch of Riolan“)
muscular septum covered with fasciae
divides the cranial part of spatium parapharyngeum into the spatium prestyloidem + retrostyloideum
terminates appeoximately at the level of a line between the processus styloideus and cornu majus ossis hyoidei
• m. stylophyrangeus
• m. styloglossus
• m. stylohyoideus + lig. stylohyoideum
• venter posterior m. digastrici
• m. sternocleidomastoideus© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015
© David Kachlík 30.9.2015