· Created Date: 3/19/2009 12:06:08 PM

ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

, , Third year, ,

Building and Construction Engineerint Department

University of Technology

By

Dr. AQEET Al-ADtLl

ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

" Third year "

Building and Construction Engineering

University of Technology

By

Dr. AQEET Al-ADlLl

Department

Table of Contents

Chapter ofe ln(oducrion.

Subjects

IIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIII

Chapter i\ o. wearler& H)drolog).

Chapler fo ! r Srem I loq.

ChapLer f i ,e F!apumt lon.

C hapler sil: S ubsurface Warer.

Chaltr se\ en. Strerm F ow Hldrog/ap|s.

Clapler eighr Relation benveeD Precipitation

Chaprer nne: H)'drologic Routlig.

Chaprer ten Reraons.

ChapFr e le \en Probdbi l i ty in l I ) dro lo$.

a

Chapter tuee: Pecipit iion. 6

Engine€rins hvdroloqv: h con@ncd *i$ rhe ficld p.nntm r0 pLlnning dcsigD ud"p;ri"";a;t;-t"g pE" "l,icl, is s$cni.l ro th" coirtol sd rs..frarer

HydFloqv s 'on(mcd " dr L\c oilinGh-ia---i prop(Lis ot qr.ron c!n,

Ihe hvdfolo{ical cYcle r r rlll:i3!r.1 l-l)Dvolrcs : EvxpomlL.rCatilb4 . IincEcplion , md lotdlo\y

Chaplef oneIntroduction

shcd si$ drc h)drololic.r_rlcPtc ip i ld ion , ln f i l rnL ion , l c tc r [ ion ,

(@cutreDcc,.irculalio. x dnrlbuliotr ) and chcnical

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Chapter t\\,oWcather &Ilvdrologv

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Thc hydrololic chirtrocrisrics oir rc8jon n daidcd by :(i)itgcololy lb):i.srphy G)dinrE

CIimalei::;;i;r rrd dnu blricD oa p,ccip:r oni: occurcicc or'rio\! rid i.c.l' ltecffcc$ oflind.lcinpcm.urc, huDridny on $.poErs|ntr1ion md nto\ Dtrlr

Tcnocraturc\r:l. !!lJ "rr !J!!l re an i nd. nr'i\

lt.rn rcoDc.rlurc: isIMrlcras. olrndinunr uirnn'nli.fiPfrlurcs.

iNor.rrl lcninc.rrurc: n 1[c rrcrase lor, paniculrdda $ nrri

tason

o: Iorllc r.:rrs i {hole olcrr sPcc:fi.30 }'irp . i i . d ( l 9 i l ' 19 !0 6 o l l 98 l ) sn . r l r c .omr : lslaiuld bc ciintrtc cvcry decrdc rclicclr! thrl j i l 0 t cas .

I'lcrsurenrcnt of lcdpdarure'

I.r,D. isilcrsur.d !) iluioiri.l" ilNputiiaL{r.p.n.d lorhc trol1hr

pturatd iron rt.ifltllotr, anci(uliion od dtcdsuiligia.scc Fig (l l)

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TiNe va ation of tenperaluresDail] veiaiion. honlhly !daloD, 'ir..'li' ti;,'-E

v: ier la+:? ' +F!

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l l, : hcai ofupona"iio' of \!i{ (lijlojduld/!r.D

llrc abolc cqudion iss.d !il ro.10 !c

l-ateht heal offosionDcrt required 10 coDrLn onc

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Lalenl heft of NbJiinalion

snnr oficc ro liquid salct"c Lo icc 1tlhis lcD1FcLltrr.

Ir lhcmouni ollrcrl EqL;.J to co'\cn onc lnD ol:.. rro,tr|r,lcnrpcnrurc rilhoui p6singrbro!rlr liquid s1nlc = ?.iJ3lij/:r {rL0'.r

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lMporaiion (vaponalion) = ljouid + ya@rWnh higbcr leniloraluE, tirelic encre/ ofnolecules i,rcrcdcs r1c su li.r l.trsio.dsaeAc so claponnon incrrcs In nrdco.losv. solid (iccl+ upd ls lrllcdSublimition vxpo!+ liauid is callcd Cond$sation.lc- liqridn -llcd!'usion.vapor prc$d n lhc pdial l8ssuE sened by walcr lapor\ ' ' r - h l , - o u r o ' \ t r f l . . t o . f o r . - i , ' c n F m . r ' d , . . \ . r p . . 'nch !chun id i tx I=c /q- , .Whcrc c = a.n€l va!.r trcsue sd ., = saluated upor pRssu,t.

, L ' ' . ' , a l- . " r , r c r l r e a l n ' v a s g g g g g g g � g i t , " . . t . . . , 1 . /

. lsllcdoutrtofhd absorbcd by aunit 'ras of:slbsbca. sid,out charge iirlc pcdurc, in p sing lioD ltqlid 10 uei Ilc che-qc fmn repor io liquid r.lcacs ecquivolcnl Moult olhcar F.l d,.dj

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T: r5iiilc lcmpcnlu in {lillri .li) -.R" : sticilic gs coBtmr lbr dr, lir = :.S7 - lir'.n i'k'o : \ r l ) o r lT . su rc in ( l pa ) ,

The deDsiry ordrj air pl (s/cnr) js:pl=l0(r./&T) --------- (2-r)

\ncrjat prcsurc in(kpa)

Deisliv ofnroisiair o.; =" i r r . rP.r t -d ' " =r0aPdrR"rJ - - - (z ! l

r tnscP, :pn$moiDo is ta i r rDd. is f i s \ rPorprc$ur '

p" = pJ r 0,= r0 (P. - r)/&T+6.22 (c/RrT )=10r. /RrT 10 {r '&T+6.7r c/qT

p . -10q ( r 0 .3?sd /P . ) /RgT- -_ - - - - - - \ 7 f J � ) s t r ' e

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Ti,c rftiarior ofvelociry virh hci3lrl

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n : Ndr rlind sied for al l6t fcv lrnrul* al Lcigh z abovc dre sroundl,: \'or( nro conslim - 0.1- tuuri,,rs l.nl r=ltichr Gee Trbrt: l)

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T3b:Bi1.l)R.ptoscnlrtireralues of Loushms lcDsth 4rd iictiox rdo'iry

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' !X, l )Apc. lo ln)o i$ !nd l t 'c inn ia l t r lJOonr ,Drs. l . ,k lbrcdropaso\cr r f iou l ] inr jdg.3r1000 . D.s.0., ricn dcsccnds to ia ongi.d ctcvarion _ AssuDnrg tLar a ds oll5O1) rrodoccs

r r . i n r d t l . , r { i o i d d $ d l . A . r - , c o . d o - i d l D _ r c . . D i . r . . . o r I L t . . , .- Jd i t rbdn . \ l JL sL l c l i n r l r . n r l cmrd ( o tL t , cp rcc t "

/ li) \\fhI i ihc hd of yaponarion , in kilojoulcs rer sm , tor Mlcr d (r) 3"c dd {bl :0.c.

- 1.1) wlldt i! rlr dcnsny , in( lg/nr) of (a) dry an d 20 .c od a pLcssurc of I 1)0 tF . dd (b) Drisrair wnh rcl.rirc huidny of 70% ar $e smc leDrpcdrc edprc5suc.

Li) AsDnir! dLy dd $ct - bult renpcnlurcs ol t6 md I t !c, rcsp.dncly, ar i Desure olt0tkrr. md rsi,ig thc .rsr.hrcnrcric hblcs in drAppcndir, dclcminc (,) dcw p.inr cnpodR j {ir)d:livc huiicnl . (c) sntudlion upor prc$fo ed (dJ actual rapor prcsurc in rta

?,1ll fl.\ many lilojoules dc rcquircd io evlporatc l.8lile^ of*?rft.1 l5'c ? Hos Da:r-, . . , 3 o r e . ' . 1 0 ' o e . L I d o ' . ,

:r.l2l fio! iiii) kilojoulcs po squec neLq ac rcquircd (alo Dcll:10tnr:dqoiic. riisnc i i i cg r : yoao9a l l0 'cad(b) tocvapomrcCic rcsu l l in8nch l rdcrw i rho l rLn i . ! i l ,, . r . 0 1 o " . : s r * t . 1 t

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llrilrrks :. i i l ch i . feu ieo i inokrurc is1 ! r:llhir br rjqs oh.n *en

Chapler threePrccipitation

urcNipordron liom occri surt.cs.nroit :irlu!D.c ordccjjjnarc oI; 4joD

t. r!'cnnlion ard ncezirrg nuclei- \ ! ! ! d! ,c^ s,r I ud En:c n r . ; . " ,u" i i , . i ,o1o

1ftobdd.iLdci uull, a.sii ott:oiuc6 of cotubtrniod.

..Drl'.nrur. up ro rNur 0"c.l : 1 : " " D o , o ! L . i . . . . . . \ , . _ . . p , a o . d ( r o , . . D

5r l \ t r iod idc ,AgLhsrnuc to ing i t rcsh lo ldoaabour

)r:rle, Rah. ctzc , Snow , ]]]art , Shol

I,ilislteoenr of prcipiratio!I : : b . . . - ( , u c d r o r . d . . " . o , n . J d , n k r . : . . : . .D j o ro i , o r , - ; " : . _ d :

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F-:

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; e e !- t A

e R! =8 899

I | l 6 q A . , l t l q p l o j 4 s e r l o ] | q q

@

"";

T '

' 1 : . :? e t :e : t8 t Lnnpt? . a n ia to l o t 2ana la ihs .aa ,a ,nuk4vwh.t? tn Bhta;n, a4 otptaS. aa.? ir 11 I r"oa a,'a ha o.eatu )

E ;

s . "

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22 En!inoedng Hydrotogy

:,+.:",..t li.i:, d,,aton 4taho4!h,p. tox.1wd t' ou".v oltna,tuk at Hv.)rot;s )

Iigure 2.8 the lo-year frcquency for 60-

5

E

&

Check fion OxJord.! fisure!: fronnhutq dunion irdicacs 2l nr in I

F= 0.88?= OAS x 21=

ly l:i,:'." l, ,qra8e inknsir' giLh mcreae in "*. _ _,, ,i7.0*lf..,-i

*T, -1i1",.d in volhe

of dF Flood srudies Rcport [r3l u;uoseqlenflr tl4l. -Lsing mo,e ex,.ns\e ddr, d,e we,e ,v.rable ro Hoitznd.fudter lore aboul . , j . o t i .cd in \ r , . .

F ; r ' e . o / , , . a i a u t ? . o t a t o t t n h . h ? , t o b l50 ) eaB in.onhnental usA t91

FEte2.jo Deptharet .uy., of ruihfatl

mdy poi.t mlues ro give an ave.as. rainfall deptn over a cerrain a,ea. Thcrnplest way of doins 1his is to rake rne aithmericat nean of .he anoDnlsknown lnr aI poinls in ure eea. If the dislribution of such poinls over rhe treat !rrlorh and '1e wri,non r rhe InoiqJLat g,Lse! amobts ae nor ldrge. rhflrhjs merhod gve, reasonabtyFood rerutE,_-Aj9!{111!gl.,ru. ro r r,e*n lrsJ.treims de /ode oiuluence of e&h

saroo b , dmBnE t inAb. 'senprBot gduge. .b iFcrnrgu ,e i ineswi rh pe , !q .

T?I

E

:ii ;

-" -3

E o

d q

E '

? i

r ie \t :

-Di2 a

€ . :

9 9 :

; € . H e i t g! * E E ! E = ," .E iE : - 'eE g i C g ; g; ; ? : s : ;! E i 3 s u i- I ; d E : 9

€ E z E - : r ct ; ; s s : - ze I e i r l e€ i : . F s ! ;= € i € E . s Fi F : ; 5 : :E g , b l e ; 5: H 9 E : E ! ha E & i E : : *r E E F T g ! , q? g € < 3 E € :€ € ; 5 e E 5

:

€

I

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3

:

(D

I o.t.

ItIIII

II

IIII

s:gc $zlo lsu?lly in ..limeier (Fi8 4 I ) ( ' 7 , ,

ChaPter fourf Stream florv

Stean 1l oN dala: d. Yerv tnpoIlrt lo the ir dnl'gic stu'r'es

ii"s;' '. .-,"' " *"-" s 'i is mad. co'drlo0s 11 is the ererarion abore so e dbLta-v

aro d:ruD ro Lh. \ aler 3uiace ai 5 sanon., r.1,.,..-"j ty ""ne"r","inhha s..le ci socreian.nio,r orit is in$ssed iDire'' *"i,i,-iii,." Ir ;, rri.ir oD $nffl or on ar) snxcture on ihe sid' 6r *e riler ' rlr'

r_t

t; !1nul

rig (J l ) .{ ssti'n :bif -t::c '

corbmu -c la : r rmr , l ipan isnoredbv th ' r l sn enn i4 t r r z ldagnnFcrd

i ig e.:at. ",,. ; t

Fig (4 2) Conrinuos sdi! cjfn '

3- c.6i rz c lrse Fisue(l r)' C o . . " _ . : ' r o d e ! , d , ' d " r ' o r d ' e

e I'c , d/',! cYr

I<ea

i ,i .

s +at+ 3r3e

ai"*"

IItII

. -=_ . /= : ' : l ' - : I S

"i'

I.,{

gel t t i "n 5; ) r

Sedion control: Tl'is exks snen coitolling f€iEs ae ituat.d in a shonldsrh'f'chu\el C L " w - ;a l.r Q tli" t )

C!.nielcontr.l: mn cxists {nen the s:+. dkchEeerelallon is gor'med!t tlt ddpc.sja dd ouglnes ofJr: rtslJ drdc'*iderabl:diid'e

. Djsch.rge.t- Cltt?nT eelers.

(it Price ndeB (Fig 1 1) six cof,i.,l cups !ol.d!g abdu \tiical t\is

(b) Propellei- $pdFi-q.1.t.

llie:::::i.r i:rre.rrelolLicDs per s.snd \ of:he n:rer rats a_.d xald \ elocjrv r is gj\ cn bl:

\ = a b N

3 l b : I ns ld . a : s i d : i g t l oc i t ) . a -0 .01&b=067

\ rr.lrilor;iersr..id ofiheEeier.np!

s lrnlo IIItIIItIIIIIIIIIIII

IIIIIIIIIIt!IIIIItIII

:r- Cutcnt= n€tei nleasurcd.nis:- .F-'g 1narhq:ffJ-i\tj-:-;;:idC vide{i nro (20 30) sediois rrn{e io rclion include niore

rlarlljt'"ofdeloral0oNofthenve.!eb.n)rsnesippoxinalelld!!:9L!4(FiSl-7)netu1\e ldc i l \ : , . ' i 1 '

( v d 1 + v d . d / 2 : v d 6(Lr snalbw Eler doud I m

j:ig11 6l Tne proc:du.e for.U;..

1-

lr,J'

a!aI;=-"

,ti\(

Srae: dischd3eFlalionresuhss:.:l.r ir ireguld(Fig. 1.3).

:timaii:rell f :::boi:. !nl.s :rc

nopc 6 3 fr.Jil:r. lle lrai.

nro n,:ed serii.nr s.NE..t

r : 1 i : b l . baL \ : i e r€ \ { s . h ' f . , r ! ( Ln .m! L i . lDc3.:!rodh is rebreseDied b!:

q/qo=ts/sol =tr/ | o./

9:,::e sl.pe rrhere $. di$hdgc is,lt: rir.:lope-rher. tfre dischrge i q.I .:,. hll o. $c diJluenc ir r rd srrfa.: eh

r= r (herer \ ' cd no . r beNf tn Lhc r . i o

" LI

i g (4 .3 )As impTe . r ! dn . l d t . re l z t i on

>:-r,il.,r. r-\

l{

9)4 .orp l c . -p t r o f sk . o ' d r . \ r "e \s . r j .e F : . , . r -e( f - i G r . - n D J o . " \ r , - r l 1 . , h . r p . . t . : , ' ; \ . u . o a a g l i d i o e : - d e p . . k o

r, +1 r o kr u<kE*/i 4 d qd r

IIIIIIIII

Cd b: e\gEssed jrmn

Strean flo\v rariaiion

orer rie dea dr \'olum. nr Dj

tta

E"'l

II

It

.Tl;i:,1

I

I

I(al vdiarioi nr iohl rur.tr nom r€d 10 red.(b) seronal va;?tj.r in tu.olt{.) \'ia on oada;ly rares .f uoffih olghotrt the 'ed ':i,!tL-

i ' i . j j ] , h l G J h A j . l E { i ! J ^ C x b n q { : i i ! : : t,ll

ll

/lI

ros*s fron lrecipitahon-hiJl d, olri.:Jl I 3,/

Jr .rjl !j Jj:! djl i-,tr '+l irJl j a+l ;'ult-t ;" 6-ltr--':r-!':

,i-1,.,t-iii;-"' ell +ir+r 4 3-'lt r'--, 'Lre J-3r'!r

. - -i

* (i'uL,) ir'!t ;:'r'S-qJ'"'+' -YL' J Fr*

.: -'+-,. : u ., C .: '6 e ' !- :- "L..]'

] t 1 ' r ' . , i r j ! ' , ; - ! J - . t ' j i . j ^ . 1 c a l o L r " - u i r ' ' r o n

;t-lJr,,,-."x &J:j.l ,J-.Jl J4;tl r.i" lt'1r ',,L(ti!t-|t'$at

'--+1 J/ d<lijlJ rlil

l,fi:Jir ,1, i"1,1-r 'rl,lJr-:-I. lpf Fu l:l+l Oj- )'t! J'tz E

;-cr,- ' r I" -L r. \ . desssiotr storage ' :-*;Jr J 4J1 irrct(f ,ptton

I -,+r:",-.1 ',

- ,.. e-J"..'l' c"-"J ;r-;l /- 4r : J r)!

I, ."u- ---<r -u-,r, * J F.4r+t 't!' -,:?L- Jr ' -.' ':',J'r'

,=-ri- +'-L *-.;-r .-1. cut)'i ' Jri';J' i rFl! LujJ)' ' L-r,-

.,.1,i1' lj, ig 'j 4ll; JrrLolL -'-:i'r i-'$1

)4\ u't2 3 -'/

r,f;l.,;].LCur -L! i,)|j i!L] J JjL-li \i J_,r ;r !!, .",,-I - -

.,._Li, uu i*i ,o"]..*, ._C !u . i_- er. tLl ; t - j> r l rpond. jJ> ! i . [L ; , L. l r t t ] j

";;lLr ..ilLCL,:+ *t L,:n iats tS> ij,J, c,tt J2- aa)/,Jr) a_)\.u'V;-- EdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddJ-.r -'ir a.,"+,rL C!- .!+t; jL_+l Jj rr,j.$ CL_ Llt, F^l trj .:,1 +1 ,jj +.r

.;+l r,< !-rL;i it!!t Jt tLjl il[l j/ i!-:Lt .Ul .:,lr; J- !i, l . l g i 1*:si ' l- ; ; ;+ !,-<r;r+ ,rr ir;, , , i ' - : .r a i .Dt 4|t

! i> . / -1 l l ;LJ j r ' . - l i ; e ' ' ( - j r :

d,i fj.ll .Ll!,lll -l- -!Jt-:r !;(-l) ol,,r!-!_j.jt J.r? d!

+! ( ,5 ) ,s " r i . r i ! l ( - r l a l j r t , ( 3 ) .v \ . { l ; r r - - ; ) , ( 2 )J ,! 'Ui ;L:<1 ">(-6) ' t l

,grri.:r -Uilr l)e" . .U lt- iJ, _\J

ClrJirJL !-;,4 Jlt C,.+r J-l- *:i

John DaltoD 1802

- i !u c. 'r.J' J .:a' ,t-l --j.

. . ( l : l l. . re- L ' - lu Cr rr , / l - r . --- ' J - .F, . : -a?t, Jr L r .;-:l jtlr oili, llt (l -t :l)1".!l

e. < e* !F L-& Lre, - e. J)-t u+,..-l\ r,,,-r atlnr li, J; j. J]..j.jj6jl .!r,i

, a \:' ' "f i;Vr1/

; - . ) p . 4 \ ; - - , - ,

-J- i ,v ;,r) ltr bt J' r.)\ ov,r:\r r\- ;)r)| .Vt tt > ;j);Jt '&f

U. ;4 J,, !15 r) .1t

,e\

\Yind ., ' ,) 3t-;, " '@ "

,.ll lrr.l, J,t i -,' ;-- ':-'' ;, -'rr .,lrrE 3l u -r- i':ir.;+r ..i1r,4 Ljt il ;a r-J ;-JaLir 'r' ;iB-ljLj J+L ;s !! ,-.+'+,-

S. ):i,N\ J!,.',j +r .;.�r d -i-:! at Jl ;J- i irri i,,r rt

!-t _,--:.lr L_r orc -ii a\:Jr ;jLJ iy<r't"! Gr!\+/ _*aL+116!)rctll Cl,=11 -^! .c(ion ntr 6!-.Ll *;L t/-]1 ,! '-,

(JJi Jdr ;;{ G-< &; .fi. a:r Ji tL<L +0, --,5

,.

. a -AtBospheric presure

.,1;)\ ri LtA)l\ !i.:JL !i .i1",1-rl

r*.i.' g*r !,.ijrirt J.FL + cis l iL

';)\ t/ ti. i)41

, ,ri, i -,1 ;,r;r

\

,111 ,.li

f { ,1/ ,^\

@ \

tL* J ,L. / -_tr Js,

I{.xi Slorage in sater bodies ijur .rl'&Jl e ,5 rV\ C..r-Jt1 '€,'

r -'L :rl .:,LJ--IL ;, ,< 'U-ttr

Ljt iijl -[] i,L-!-ll JLJ

. , , r \ . .+ ) , ( - )

t ,

"L<i o tr.S- .-,* ;Jt 1,7) L)El J;t r,-

;,Li ,!,Lr !&r .;,rs -<1

rL-+, J,':-l iJ:; .-11( I) aLitJ-l i* ('1 t.rj,

- - ) '

--J jl j-C :,r!j. r! 3fi jr'];! ,,..:

J.{ r5 J!_: r, .\J ;ro1,__- L;ji! .:a

r,14t ".)>i j<. \tl sa;) J-Jl ( l)

- in F! t

l { I ; i I { . . . . r I- - - - - = _ - - . - \ , - .

. ; ; J i ,E . ; r t J . . i , +J ' .+ ; ' j r , L - C : , . - . - . ,

J3rJ-it J-<]Jr ri.r.(-,19 3),6.:j dl5:J Jr . idJ.:)r-;+t;<lJI Cr:4'J CJ! J<r]!, . ;lr' !-!!,l.ll .Lji,r i{t ;-*}11 -LJ4 L": rlL+

o"

II

IIIIIIII

I

l r

l l

I

. , t ' : '' t ; \

E!a!a ralia!

Evaporatiotri isrhefe[eie of vato lraspon to $e alDmsph$e.-F;i;;;fr,:'r -. p," | ,/ 2) Relai,.cbuniCily

t4, ,/1)sor-ndialion,l/, 5) Aano9bsr'c pE$!r.r

" 7t Vr la t r

l l tet tqt ''1y41!!:-bcdc4!e&!cini tiq!!!ft g$:!uq?ll!!4

ElaplEilon.i b3|ra.r:i.j Lrh ii. coniiiljt equanol:

E = ( S , - S , t + i + P O O "

S), Sr : $orage leiore :nd aier rhe Fci.CI:$fee!!le\ tfl.,O: s{tace oltflcrr ,.at?\c,o,: olsurl-e-24 e.

Thk ir limple in rhhry bli i:i;cutrislise jn i|e n*sur.feic ofp.l OSr. Subsurfa€ seepage L ncniitjcuhro meaur. becaus. ir h.sio b.hecq,tJiroh nqueDens of scbd \ arer leveli

st t"Joa+a'Esr i f ra , :og rc eno i r " . rpo . : i ioo fo rm n"0 s , Eotu ' ron rad I p r r r " Jmereororoglc,| 0,raCIGSA!@is 6ost $i,jely ured-

Ii h of mpainted gall anize! ir.n l22.m in dianete.-oy 25.4 on Ceep Ftrr tnNod iane 1d iet ai cncutaie beieil rhc pd, Iig. 5.Itk filldlodepih of20 cm and reiilled\ien$edeplhh* fallento l3 cn.vaier{urra€ levelis fr*u:ed dailiBifi a nook caeein$illi.g ieil.l e d f r s c e . . , r a . r . d ? . - , : p . - o , .

IIIIIltlr

I

3-To diihrre deia for s&rioN * \ h ich pan obirslons rre mr tuad..1 Totn daG rl,e rel;bih! srd rrarsihrir.idsol.b.en.d dab.l T u r i d r l t r q ! j ) . f l a \ e - p i r i L . r . ?r" ) . la) t de^s 'GhtA+ i<

( r =; ir=0,7 IEP]

+ : P3n er:po.arlor (nrnr/d41.E :s\.pcralicr(n /Cat).

Pan.vaDbnrion and meteorolosical factorsx?br oi o.nr.er plncFporii,dn:ptraosc aE:

l-I.cft asc knoslcdgc of cv.poBiidn.2-To estimaie nksircp rc.ord!.

*-'iI:-." /" bc * '' t

5 2 rolid be aojskd rofrr

"ir.l'l

IIIItIItIIII

III

I

P : tn*m dfalnosphr.(\.0a.).!r : pan rird no1€::rii (:r:tc!l).TrmF;atu'esr;. in degr.s C::!lt:.lic sign acllo$irg:, n (-) a.; i.> T.

L.te euporrion.oiiptrredappFciabk r* advedl.n io

T": \3ter iurf2ce tenpe.at!re "c

T" : a tdospher ic ramPer ! tu .e 'c

I

II

l ,

t

IIIIIIIIII

tII

.- , .r*.""a *gr.. i ,h" i , i . . , . i r .

. ! + , r r kkd pcop i ;m ;&h \ ! - , : ! ,

,:ropolratrspir.rion

rhljtiEr.on

. . . . . ' . : : i i : i - : ' " i ,F " " j " "k . , , : ,h , .3b iorb.d ov, , . ro0,, j . - " , u p E r 6 s i d h . t E r h c n i ? n r n s s u c \

n*iurom.d of caspir,tioD

li,i'"T::':::,:ritr"':! ;". ". " o.c,roned phnc

.,4;""'n-*-;*"|.**"1,.

iqll r!t!!it! !rJ: r.Fr :pi, ' ' ' r . " " : " g p : , , * i . . 1 , l ' : , " " " ' " ' . " , ' 0 ,

. " . ' r . 2 . " " , u t ' l

i,{',"#;'#.*,,"srsa,",:',#}.,:i:rl:,?;il,} jl:il:,"."T".I r rq : . ion Eatcr requnrnenr

t;,"

-._ r+I i::

- 'i!",1 i;

:"L I ',

L l , 1 ,

+ir' i l:i!;il ' i l;;1it I I ';:

J9

IIIII @)t ,I

i&bles II

IIItIIItIt

I

i = - l = ' = = = - . ; a r - l = 1 j; i : : r l - ' 1 " 1 1: = . i i ' l l : :i i ' = ' t ; l - - - = , l z e: : E : i l : : : : , : i I l i =; t i : ; I l i :! = t : . l " :n : r ? - - , l f a ii . " a . - = : : - l : : : = ] : ] : l

i . ' : - ) ' , l .: i t l l , l i :l , i = ' - = = .: : : : . i - : i : : : :

- :

' . - := i i i t] : : ' . . " 1 : '' : : a 1 : - : a = 1 ? ,

- l J i : .

1 - ' : - = ' - ' .

t t t . ! r , - - -Ii a

1 !. : i

':

;

-

:

:

t i i : i : : : 5

I, r t

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i

I

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: : t

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IIIIIIII

t 7

.=a

?t-i

I -''..--: : : ! : ,3 : : n : : : : ; . = - .

E - a a = z a a - = = = = - = = a E =IIIIIItIt rI

t' $n[ rDFrn!rc oi ri. rzhl'h.n nd! t

II

:.;

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-, tItIIIIItIII

{ r i f u s n o m i l E { m o f l h c @ b

ysurldcreubsThedjfftrlebd}e!

(i) rry e dD4. d rh. "o*s. yrle d

(i) by x dffddlc i de udersNr(iiD by e*Potrlon {ld Mfpnrnon.

=.hd s! i -bnr' od

drlble, lnd N n n. qi{r|h rpprc!.rl

(@

Ewponrioo ?nd Ti!nspinrion

mdlpdtbn'Aeqfucly,stiJ'E'jry

d*"y d;.M' * -",r.,''rLiv, *d

"'pi.r."r i,"&,, *,"'ry '." ih- ".,v, io the ne vsb $ d .vrpo,liion

(t 'hen ,h. Em|eEba or rh€ {*

{i) vhe ib! sr lrd 'r{ $!{-e tl

.s( (L) nrc j 4d.rd !emPbrsil j trsFr

dpar "ds *4ordff Per ur h€ {rtrbrt trre !m. , !c) ii mn/dsy

t I -c {in od!trrYJ

aciuxl\apotrrcsu€ in ihc dI rbo€(nmndary)ni lper d sm'tundtrLdheish' (n)

/ r 0 x t ! 4 1 o t + 0 5 4 r t

,i drots srd nlcd h n/rr r hcilhr orzD l_r ir i i nold4cN lij r rh. oii Ii!. donnilly o

br ib{ ai 'sihcahr,itrrru F!tu d (iq. \hr trPluru,r /ir

b o s l l t A x d d l g r y l n | i r t Jd.*hFd ; Lr, r",. "r q*N" r

su!]] l fuNh, eNlLr |ol l lre IJ5 o(t h Thc Ndh{bidl. ui cl,

f! = 0 345t* el(r rori,t

/f.

Enqineinq Hydrotosy

r. = vnd vdodry in 'nb d ! heish' o

4 = .ursdili nqn qH vn- (or i5 quilrar rn h*r quavl

,Rs - nd iont , lb! snh,3 sd ee.

ri 194! Psoo Ul e@fded i 6e

, p P ' ' " ' . " "

rI. a#!| Mprt Duids se rrours or daylLsh rhqe is I rnft o, nd!

s b e s g i ] t i h t L u l a r o l n b y r u o t , l L d

k d l ' ? - l t r o o r m n l l ] p q s j b r : l b

x. =na(o.r3 + 0.5r//r)Md qude (trbdr (oi viljrir. !sr)

rc =,râ.r: + 0.54,rr)ed rrastr (ru Gsra, ^sddtul

(!/, = 0), du' :0 !' 6r oimrtrr

i . 9

d !

' t !

6 r

. " i

B€!"t

! r: ;

r"e;

a)

EHpoirrion and rnftp nriof,

a F € t : E 3 ; 5 o .

I

:

t

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!

i

:

: i

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r;.iit €

44 Cnsinerin! Hyd,ohsybsqhd, rh6 (ri ' soulhm Eryhid)

rr =n.(r r=Ra(r r(0.4 r o.55,rrr)

,Rs=or,.(0i7 oinJ"Xo:o+oso./r)

- xr(o r3 +0.f3/D)0 006) ,rj

,=x^(0 .13+0$, . / r l ( r . o%) ( r r r .4 i ,0 |7:(0.17 0.m7\,/?) (0.rr0 + 0 mtr/r)

drc a = h!! 4riribl! ri, *:ed

r- ndsc hh{rorrlr qlrr m$(rhrr,nonFlor ihe drioin{r (icedie xdklt( @,

y o y & l s i 4 l . d ! I , t ! $ o * e q ! , . 1 L$ ' " ' d d . " . ' . ' . t , " . , f " * , * - * n ]

L"-cte; ")fa)!i smd b. 4irurd ir ir d sn

dmahnrc urburhu), i]t mN beris eftnd by cl a). dre dru

{

lvaronrion.rd Traspi'arion

. = ! L "

No{d in . r . , j , by$b r i r t rd ' . s r i s4 .= {a ; e3 t ^

rhts ts rc6md1. $$ il L5 nod *ry f1r fton I

(:r.5)I 11 !!.:!

@

!2 =:L I

*lNntror (n' ends rlnt ir ,r" hyFLrr4ur

r + llllr) l!" 'jrL . ; . I

, ; J7:)

t1::tE.

l . fh q r .q* 'm r . : e ! r4 r .

t : ' ' *rnkr $irlr!tro'd{s4uocc.c trdbr I6)

I

rc =â(0r0+0134/ r )

h$€ad orpsnurra(o.]3 | o $4/rl,bul eydncmrairbc$,br rtu!

3.4 Euloilrbn ton thd sodlB 0.

trE/z; = 0.e0r & ,

] :

vdusorti/.r ror $dbm rr+llid

1 " .srPrnLe lu odobcl ' ,

T r ' N s t | ' B u 4 r j ! ] i | h s l u t r u j , t r b

r ' I ' l

t : ) r i i I = i r r . , ! L r d c t r

. /= ) . / ( rd s . r rnonst

EvapoEdoi.id Tnrrrnd'on

, ( 9

, - (6?5 t ' 0 ' � y3 (77 r :10 ' y ,+O7er10 4y+o !e r ( r . e l

3v{,s! ftiP*rur / ccl n sivetr by

whoNg8sEd 'lrL .quijotr (3 3)ri(3.e) my b. simPlified 4 fouo{s

t = 0 oer'rr

roedorrr nre thrcuahdr pdd oreN{Fr. " I = r 5.c irrrf s*turs!(3r)?r, roi rh. ndtrh ai q4!!

Eldor',.oltlPoldngbnssj€nn{diuied {lu* tu rltnb! rdru$e! rd dl,

1 q * i h I c o l e l , ' h o t s r t d l b E i t i y

to enrh rhd mi( rjo do rd crur$ sbnLprly i ! pnricuh tund rhoush rr

For lrojd nudie

\ j )

N

t

IIII

IIIIItIIIItII

Chapler siriSpbsurfacc water

;::;ytul l

t ,

;::'i::'i;,5"''

i<*<

(G.", "J * t " )t ..a,: " t:)

: -:=l -r-- -<:.

Pole sprcs .oibin bnln ai dd $alar. fto r3ie! in djs 2onc is rno\r a Y4l9!3u3llJGEp.Dded (rtt d soil {:ier

C.nnned oi anesian \iu is o\eriair by aD inpeFions sallir.

Il l

I

k,ea*:. Z-"".-e..""f,G]-

Pe.cnniel: on and oi-ink2 r..Ep Iencml :n rn n . j ! i : . (Ls r : t t y t rc . j i t i i . s : i : j i : i s i r i l a r )

T \ o n ' ? i d ' . u b . u ' r . , c r o i i . . r < , l ] \ d d t \ . ! : . \ 2 k r r . b l c ' t r : o r , o r . , o r z o n e , :f f i r " " , v . , - . . . ( o . r ' , ' . - . . l . . . ; < , t d a / ? / . , ) t )\

[ . r . . . , r , " r r c " :

( wlta t r . )l lo is ture in thc ud.se zone

T t r ! L r 5 e d o , ! o . i b . o \ e 1 . l ! t : . ' .

IIItIIIIIIIIII!tIIIII

Abor. rhe \arerrabl. c,riilltr,r id(&o Crr.t:riijr.:{s r 9!E a D.rdj\e h.\e inrennediale ,e.ion nt,.r n cli6.,:-rFieid.2pacj6 r tuoillr corl:i1ofsoil aner gi\iryi:jF-!. i.o.,plei..I:!!s3!91:l: noisiu,e con:.:,r ors.il \rlri Fla 6 ::rr.r :\ir: f, \2ir i:oi1r1e !oil.

]te2surenreh! of soil nroisiureTenriomeicr c.ns\ts olr lorous ceraric ctrp rhici

comected to amaDoF.r.ri ! i r ! r I i . . h . ! . i l . i l k d , i h $ r € f - i l

\ . te , io r D! r? t lq r r \ ? ro f . : r l .d ro i l r : re . .

C..-^lc.

f . ( 6 , S . l . "Ta r i . d r " : . . 9 o f r . , r . t . r . e .

ical mojsrureralues f.r qrjous soiltl'pes

rl--l Il i r+

D.rs,Lt. Ix,:-'- l

IIIIIIII!IIItIIItIIl rt

(t,rp4ifi" rird , ',ak. d,.jied fkat' /roral la:r:r. orjL: jfnra1,.n <f:;.sity

# = -4#l*i! <'""'''t

f ?h t , t 1 ' \ . h ' ttt/;,l b1

d

Moven)enrofsoil oislure

' ' " 1 , , , i : , , . . . ' . " / 1 ) . " t , " ' ' , " t ' 1

v ' " . , " , o t " ; " 1 " "

o . e , e r e d . . $ ] r a o L o \ e r . " o r 0 o . ' L i r _ 4 1 - L .a€tlabl.e. \ der ai dE lrremant of tbs \€c. <)

- q r l l " " , 1 . . , , " f : , r , - . , . 1 , , , " , , . i I l . ; r .i @ .{qqllqr: a -.?dlos:c foDialion, nnich contiN {ae ard trhsdjG n aonr ph:e ro !r1,.. ad /.rr.rrr.

c:n be ulili2ed r..romiallt'.

\'lereq: ao,rtr !irii j:t tlroush ur,it deax: dcei.i alcrq tr lileollov.

t l L . - ' ^ o e . d o r ' . . IF . b . t 1 e + l l t t \ ' t u "

() ?onri.r: ratn.rltepoE \olume ro rie cal \.t!.ie olhe fdmalior

l.": condutrnjn ( iidease \irlr increese olhoinue.onk n dnd d..rea.rjih ded.ae oftjdie

p 49!{!!9, is " rcmdion n hi.h con'iins sar. b

c.mo. r6nnr ir rapidty enoueh ro fu.ri!\a signincdi suFlt Io a rtrll or a sp.ing.

I n l l i i ' i o r : . 0 \ . . - n o . a , e ' r \ l d l q ' " . t , , i , . o o l

l...o h.iotr: :r01effir of\ald rhrugh rd

- . i l , " t ' l ' l "

t . " , t ' l r J r , ' . , / ' .nom,al ro rh. C:,e .:. '.i i i.\

. , - ! , " . " { P . , . !

vr ' r ' t ' ' v ' ' q {c

o n s , . 3 r , o ! . . . P o o I " . ,

S{otdary roro.iq: pdrosiNd!e to fi.torts ard !.1[i.n.fsin.].

qa h .f lr l q lr , ; ln/.v,

\, 'r ', lt cfln,l b1 so t'4il!

t truy ,

o ' ,1 b,. /u l ,

nrr"rurr*rnl n"t lht/

a\ebge porcsiry. spccifi c

l5

!Dd penne!bil;L\' oi !arious ll

!!!!1-_ !!_

t "+1 .^ t1 < ? .$n .a \ i t : t .( . - r ) " . iq J '< r (D,

IIIIIIIIt

!!L_

4

3

i!

I i a \ . a r i r . 1 g t c u n d \ - t e r '

5 i.- -<\ipe olrle L)dFlli. :*de l:r:(i:.oetlcie (d'J:r )

f r e d r ( h r - e o k q i L . I L i _ i c J L

Thc rlfectnc :.ea - r:.s - seiit.rtrr

r<r=krn,/p =Cd'n/ F

!-=(h€rikin!. o rdbi L.c-?a{D:

09gt '10_c i '

\ , 0 a r . , l M " r b r I' I" i l r ^ . r .

, . f r / r l . ; ' / . . 1

\ ' , ,l : : . . . . . . . . . . ' . : )

O ,. ' '" K, '. .rmi. e"!(-,J.+k r=k ,P= c . f f ce " I

.{ ? e, n e 1L:1;+J \^ /)iq

t=Kr.,,s =... hi:sk "= ; .e t l r red i l p . i . : bL . I d f ; ! 1 , ! condu(n iq '

crJ

IItI

II

. i l - - . 0 1 . ' d " ^ ) ' $ o i . r r t e d e ' i o o r - % l r

\Y - r. st..i;. r.ighl.lri:e:l:il

u = .bso t r i c r i sc ! s i * o f rhe i l u j di=f;d".r Gh.lE ;tkins !*osilY 1nd othrr draeclcristics olihc aldjunt

d=.\erxg. pore !iz! oa15. a!di20

)\i:t-'),

(6-5)

'ir) s . ..iulio1!tr) a {oilcs;q - k r I

III'q=' l -B-s . - , . . - - . . ( 6 - 6 )

2ttIII

I-t

I

), )

IIIItIIIIIIIIIIIII

lc

q= k' as

f=2I I .h , s=dUdr'? q=r I IKsrh 'dh, /d i

{ q J i dr '= r I ke { 'h dh

C q l n . . L - 2 I l \ , h - l 2 L d

{ q In r r i r r =J l k . ( r r . r hr1 - ' Or

",*ftirt "*..,.,,*,-*. r-j' "v'"':,"f (- s"l" /''t'/). d b " ' l : "

, l ' " t , : , : . , ' . ^ i ' ; ' " . , ' ; . ' ' ; '

l" ' u';Lt,'",,,,;t i t, .T"t, l ),t7,i1,1,, 1,,,1"t""" t, "l l tI e4rtt/ t1 1/'t ' :r '

' 1 " ' , j , r - .

t " r \ ' / r - ; , , , 1 "r . . . . . . , : " . i l r , , / " t . , . i 1 , , t . " . - , a j t , ( h . t , . ,1\\j -- tihai,t. t, G t, tL/.1, , 4s, cl.,-y" tt rLt {)Le elet.i,(

'

, . . . . . {6 7)

ED

IIIIIII4 ,r=k,?IIrbdr ' /d.

\ rh+! . .nvy+Q\1.-- \1) . /

q, oi 'u". =tno u, i -ot or lq In r0/(=r l lbkeG0-b")

q , '..-i;ta b i;ih, r,,tlr"'iil= zn r o.-:,"1r I" r'qr.rrn{ ' "

z r=qr , ( ,0 ( ) / t l l ( t jo h" l (6 8)

I u1r - 'XI

| :)ryt "f /he Yh1-t ' '| ' . ,vL.a i t .11,e't r !1:

I u1l, ' . -L 4'-r ' ) ' t ' rz r L k p l r , - t o ) / $ t . ,

| , t 1 , 1 . . / ' t ' " ' 0

_tII

,1 r: l . "), r . / | t . , I| . t t 1 1 t 4 1 t 1 d L t . t ' I t 1 t t I v

D \ 1 , :a h "A . . t

l n l c t t 4

4 . .

,1, ,1,

!: \".

\ A t " ( , , ' 1 4 - ; / ' ' - , l : . ; ' ' ' '

,r .-=) tt - - rrr),'t'rO,l t,t,,-,,"t 1r,,,, l tt, ot,1, /,.,, / i ,rf "1,,r.a.:.

ti,n lh, ' v./, t i 11 / lt' 0a,,1 c I

( ) : t /

znb z7 (h . - l ) / p : 3 - . ., , n , , , i ; , , ,1 | t " , ' " ' , t t ' ' , . , ,

! , . ^ t " P . l D ' t t . , h t ' . a : t . , o , t+ | , i v " - , o t ' t " ' - / ' ' t

IIIIIII

IIIIIItIt

III

I

q, Ln'rrr -r.\/ t4L)

F . i ' . n h l 6 l l lC

L i ; : t ' . t e r , i r ' 0 . i d " . ! , / A c a r r o - r ' . i - o !

E € 1 " - o . l J i n 2 { P; eJ " ̂ et t t .

a hle ol20 !s, the d;l\Ldosn i'r ie$elhlir)&4jnnon1bepuinFirgrreila.roLddlob'1.2 & t.8 n, respectirely. Ddeftiie the lEDtnissibilityofihca'luifer' \rlrat iitb! dnrdorm ir

sdo* ' r z - - z ' a ) h | . 3o - 2 '= 2 a , 9 4

. . 6 . zn r (h r t . ) / ' " + ,

r r r= l l ] 1 .3=13 l i1 & h=:0 : := : ' )

;/-t{-,J

lTls=2 f, 1_1:3.1.:7 !li.(,li/:!)

t ' --li[.m;t p.n:ercs -:0 n L ;los 1Lr lfiic r:ler -ebl.. Aftcr a lo'g lerioC oi ] Ji):::-q :1 a

r : r :c f lo l ,n ;c* , f d . i -sar ! i . r ! .115n l ja rd15n ionrhe ldpedr ' l l i r r ; I 7ard0 !

L r.s!€cri\.I]. Ddr.ftjri rte n:rsiri!::::lit ofrt:.quit r. \\lEt is inc !ra\Co\i il r:]:

. | . . z t 1 ^

t .J. . . l t = "- ' ' '

= 4 r ' z h " " 5 " / 7 - 7 t 3Q = 10 Ys * 86.a =2592 n, cay

e=nKOi bi/r , 'Gr,,r92=nK({9.1 ' $11/h(4 j / r i )

=10.7'50 =j0tmrtdayTne &ardo\n h !l; Fnp:di.ll.a1L. ddemited b)' appb i'e i:re ?bo\: cquano'1'

it.6ce ofih. nell (r,,):nd r,

,levr)

q = 2"1,,, "2a.a - rzzz^/t' . , r , s - , 1 t t - t z t , - a t ) / h ( f )

T. ' .8, ' /J 4-" ' ' ,7

. ,r t ( t ,-r)/" L- , , , . ,-

' . t 7 2 r = z l f t t l ( 2 3 t ' ' a ) / ' 6 * -

;-:";'ei-L:)/'^z.-)". = trt$+i . i -r+tt)

+ . E:;'.i J!". ""'''3 ^- / !'"'^ i';;y'=';,,':Y"t[:rtr,bt'"J)"^- - ' '-73:'r4 -2 9

-\41,_#

PRoBLEITS ii i * . , ; .u . " . i . ; , ' . ; , . " - , ry " . j - ' r 's { - i " , ; ; " ' ;

IIIIIIIJ

II-!,lttIIII-tII,l

tI

\rJ e!\ L" sses

J.Lr;/1j p.nl;^1 -1 "ral". l--tt '"<1.1.'t ' / J,^rk-" '.r ' ,yat /o ,L ,"y. i l t).- /.,,,.L",t, , ' ,, ol 4,c rt-L he 2tve-,ttol 1../k l..y"ti1t k,'" /ta!)cLLtt1.e-u.d 1/'e *J) f-tz 21us11.," )ru.t't'1",t"' c"usel b.5 f\"o {kr"..r$ dc[! scr.en o.nA oni,r\, ^ . ! / . ^ - n \ r \ \ \ \ ( L r v . , , , . { t v 4 " . L . . , o , . . 4 - 1 1 , " -

\\rr-*X\ u.\.., re.n ir \\o'rtl (\s \^le\LLo-SS . e

+

c-^L, *-ll

- \ ) ( - , , : \ \ r r \aglQ)+

\: i,r,(('.0 wc\\ \"s': -., 'c"n\i\{A (\u.,1-\-

{wre \\ -\ = ! ( Js-dJ. --\o - z 1 1 6 t ( l l - f )-- i tr7i"rfi.-r,\i,r1 iu .u,* .,1"1"i.i"" 'q,l "Ji i'rl .,r"-\\ \.ss cQ' L il j

L , . " \ ' t d J q r ; ' ! s

_ - s = ( \ \ h ) s ' 4 ! r ' - r t a " r - - , a \

thc c.^*r .,'\ . '.i,".Liu r.1s.u-'J r'* r. . 'u L "'s .llq:a\ "te\t ,Gn'L r ' / ,a,1 ".1"1 a',a1' ' , t1 ,1/, a,11.'

ru,tL'nx R-- ,/\tr?rr"t -2 [s =6nI c?;l - -r.'o" n' / -: ;G,G;I:'.-=tuCl';

;,t e /lktr<./ ds l. frolu.l .! " r.l l"ssf'Lbr C "n/ s"*- 9."rr 'l

l ! -._,_*1\coh

. . . - {'I

tj,a

rl"l.r\4b.

,{sg

'l6\eci/t" caPaci/! =B)L_ ** i+, 1 'Lp '' I

i 4e4aU -f lLttrJl-2,r u l'lt'a",t/"a4i /tnboas.-str'dll,c -t1 capz c i t g"-./l/.-ut4l,[Lts!7ur ra s un4*. e#e c h'tcnds €tL.A-i- ,slalfl?Lo,lad//:14- -:-!s-!, t^ -

u\\. .G-o=5..r. \ ,s.=J,:*"J""., ,^ " 1-l l

.r-' . seS, ,/). ay..l, = o . .= 9 ,,,- tr ,A e t . e . a t s + - d " )

E/'^tl< 6,6 = | /B + <: t]�"-':

l:.r qr:...,tt/c'tlt",td 1 1,'J" ',''.rt,,,t, /I ll",1,h 1',k-,d',)r1,,. eflioe,rcy ol r1. -tl i." 'r.tr ',!s =p"";!;- ap-.i+/ i ,.'f . .t lt/ "i /,h.1 , l l l;;,.. 10r", rr,. ::rLq '. l,tJ,,r.o.l c- ;x'o l"i

f t t ,b ,)S _ r - . . , , , t 1 , , _ + , j { v " . . , , . , . * _ p , 1

' ) * < s a ' " f ' ' f "

. . . . l . t . . 'p c o' .- r x i l1: ;r . . r i = . ' ' / r n

-,({\osri(Cc )lo *$({ \.,,;.s \\q .s

g,g - e:L1- =. \v . . \nn/"

,f /,1, ttlt -- .zz.// o . - t 7

t '-J,:'\\.-

/ L ] \ : .

" " t ' . I i J , . . n / J

,i,, ::[::s; :,1;;-.,: -es-q jrr1ifl i,5" , i1 1 / i . t r .1 . t r ,4 l ,.na nt, '1 ,n.c,\ : lq ' t1 14y't t'nt l.,t/ <tr-1",.n*r .1h,t .

, ' i ' t t {a l t Mi t b l l fL - . - "C - ,-- ,:- uh u Lt;:\; =1,r]7X,;q '-4t--

r - . " c t<1 , . , , h t

III

IIIII

"'t1,, ' 1

i I -u

J,

L;

lE=;'iE- i:ar.ran .ba:der lnns of srlq rlov:{:rln.ri;nr ard 2ii,u2l\.hiles ar?rhbl! for siomg. ald use.

Ch!f .cleristis of tl:e ht drog12irir. " L 0 . . D . o J . , l o

Lo r .h . i e d i . : - ^ 1 . r sJJ no ,eL l ;n Lo l )

;,J,\

,,L?|

'Ltr

| .c rerhrd ao, r ( lu f lhce ' !no iE:$r i r r [ i l i a ]e l s . r : r t : 5 , . ud sdace

Irter-florr Gubsurla ce nortu no\v)r\\rder \ni., Day rlq?. h:eraily rlmush 1te qtper soil Jaltsuiilii c cd

sl.\d ib:r CrcsufarerDoti:

IIIIIIIIII

:r- Cround*ate. fl.F (base floF or dry-1r_-ftiher nolv):-. coiinbunon ro f e 5r.2r d\i.L 's c{)e) elltu4l tl.tan

E . o , . " n i . D . e . d e r o l l o ; d i \ i d e d i n r o . . o p v . l i .G)nomr Do$(dnar nnof) { suria€ fuof a1d sllni d

lor on.f$e nrler{o\i

, a t^,, t' r,^ t, t. r,n-t *-r _, 1"' t'"'

I

tl

I'arj..

1;J

)

Fig.(7. l) A I !ic:L 111..!ogr'1!ll

Tle funclian shich Cesfjbes fie recesion.!ri (.irdir;ic!.t)

q, =to$. onetine u!r-i lai.rk.=rec!.sion constatrl{hich is tc$ rhrn ur:fJFdr do.e general forD, ihis equation.an beR.ifte!2s:

{7-2) { , " - +r . j ' '1 -7+j ' "

III

( . \L. . /

1;-1T,,: "^::vi, )2:"; "11 e . F d i s p " € i \,, r " II r .depo ' ; ton iner imeun i tss .k . tgd . i t i susuany:Jhot rs i , , .1 " / < : - l$ \< r dL ' , , ' t "'

i t : , \d. J. J- ; " ' i ; s ; . l i : t ,r : . i :r , . ' I " , \ ' ; i a 2a, 9 " : . .+, ' , 7.; , i "

F,=-q ' i r i . l : q /d . . {7 -3 I

I

I

, 1.. d- " i/t

I'f Ttjn-;i;-ll+rz:i:t ) | _trt l

1+-iJ l:l;,', .',1t l l)l \::!'/ L7,".- '

, t ,

ar-

/ , @ t t . i ' ( d q l r ' 1

' th eai. , t t , "at at

,, f.//7 4'.1 -h./ |r') *'t4y,Y

r;;r ' r i f ( " i

c,-i,,1) ̂\*411 1 - '

. ' " ." tq\ l t .I l__

f;all

) ,

/tt "l tun/"/"y A ,etln/tft. u,.,t/)r"-/ "t",l"r */,lle u,,lnt ,i./)rt "/1q t.,)

a u t , h l \ f i t i - , ! . r t ' , r" 1 ) . | ) 1 . '

Lt , ; -11.Y i : l - .1n 1 ! - - ' - , rJ r l r t t 1 5 1 X 1 ' '

Vo" . h21 6- ! ! - * ,

/ / J 3 r , e ' t (

, ' u - h ' ' - l t , 4 t - l / 3 / t' ' ' h ' L /V . z : i l 2 ry. , t * . h - H ; r + . 2 - t " \' 4 ' l a , 7 l t k 1 : Q - , 2 1 1 ' .

/ l ) ' h , ' . , t " , y ; ' - r - te . 1 ' . . 4 , ' 1 i , , , ' , , 1 ), " " h , ' - ; 3 , - : , , . , : z + ). l, '-liGit .:tt' i

l x A , - i rc , , /q r i ' l q4 / r , , r . /u ' h " t ' , e l t "1 i , , tnP, l l v " l , ' ' , ,

5*.hr- !1 . )+. / - t ' . , \+7 i l l 'o ,n to"r ,<c L, ' " ! ) / .87 4y".ky e7o,/,r "l t","18-,-'kk a ,/t1 ",vk tr"-tt," af,/ler./121

o t 1 zt', I t/.& t t z/s * 1""/ -, / h 11 er' n te' /t e q.4' / /., a 3 "" (..Ivbd;

rt /lp 11/r*r/i. r"v/",/tt,\ ,S yer'te"f, /, l1 . lt<,/"':1 -4 lt"o/o,l,r i )/q"t,'i ,/ert, )j -- ' s1nt,l 2

<4 ( Y t / ' " L' /K. / ' ta / 'a / -L t ' - - 7 3 2 , t 5 2 - E a . l ' '

. . u r +Vy . '1 , / ! " r -=g" fo 2 . _ /7 , . ' . : V7 b<" , . ,a ,a /. 7 :*4, tn" .4142 (.t fi--t"" "/,V/.-*l <t *n< r,/u,zQ

b r.,c"r [;,,,,1' ,/o,h , *;/lt / ',h.r1, a pV,"]/nx"t*,1r,7h" V*l,r i ';ac",t/.,t *;/ /r ,l"t'",4K. ^"1"y "o/ so/,'otr/ y'\,.kn." --vt,t.[ : / ;n , le l , le 4 r , ,1u , , " l / ' t . * " t r 1 . , " ] / te a t ;q i t , lp "?" .7e l r , . ru r f r ,< h i? !h t i ' .Edn \ p , , * .b , t i j - , t , /2 , , , r,f,. 'I-- F" ly -: 2 x rj". t" k'//ay

/ ' : ) l t T ( \ " - tO/ l t r t " , t r * ) ==) b oB N/ ta t2 , - - ) ) t 25"t .

t 5 . 1 . ) x 1 t , t t 1 1 " ( 4 "' ' ??l -\ t7,a - 11'/ h*

. : \ v . 4 7 q 7 $

S'*)/lr(0""/@

B",,tl 'ta tltu,l, ', / . : - " l - , o t . . t r r t t , . . u . . ' . a L / p f t .

h"aoTereou "7.,/o .{ 1r*l ei 'y/ s",/r ." / , / t" /"/ai{r, kt, /1

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Nor. AN*e. rourquEriors o.ly.(Qu6rion I sboDldQ.l!l!! - Definerhrc. of$e following:

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& Sho* th. difieHa b€nlen rhc InlillEtion md ths Percolalion.

q?)\- ArcmomdeEar l0 and 50 n oi arowerrso'n \iid sPeeds or4 and 9 ntsreroedidr Comlue sind soeed at 30m.Us; $e eqmion

- 6/i')=(z/z')r

B:PE.ipkarioi skrioi X \as inogcF.ive lor pan of a nonth during *hich a $.moc.urrcn The Fspetilc $orm loEls ar rhse sutuuiding sbrioDs. A, B. dd C*er 60. i0. and 30 nD The iomal an.u.l Fr4iIirari.n anolntsar sEtjons X,A. B a.d C arerespecrively700,500,900,350 nm. Enimarerbc sbmp.alpildioi for sstion X.trss $e eqm,ion Px = l/3 [ (NI/NJ PA + o\x,alB) Pr + O'r,^'d Pc]

ql A 25 cm sdl pereftles m unmnfined aquilerlom delp beloq the shic waterlevel. Afiera lono period ofpuhpiii a!a r*e of 900m'/da! lh. heads aitur ob*.v2rioi *elh l5n 'id 90n away liom rhe punping*ell ft found rohcl6m and lN.5m respecrively. Mia! h the ave.a-qe hlddulic .oDductivity in theequifcr? \\ hd n the head at the tunled Rell?U* rhe cqudioi Q= Jr X (hi hrlld (r,/rt

It!IIIIIIIIIII

are $e flo*s FoD rnom ol1.hi duhior on a iEam siih aof l00O kmr. A$uN cdnna h6e notr=3o0mrh, drive

Qt:) Shielded drd uishielded e!€es sr a sbrion indicale,$om ninLll ol30 nn atrd50 nn. ft sp.cirely, enimare rhe adual niir'all?Use t|t equa( oi ln P!c,/P1 = b ltr hcr?sc rirh b=163

Q lt 11. daG in I:bLe bcld* repEscnr obrred inflo!! llood hydrog.phs fc achsinel iea.h. Delemine rheoutlloLvhtdraeEph tom ik'$ch il(=i2hr,X=0.i5 atrd.4Fl2hr.Theinnialoudown9m'kLse rl,e fo lo\iig.qDatiois:

c,= (.{r L!/( r+2K-2Krl, c:= (it + rK\)/ (dr+?K-2ll\),cJ= GK-2X)( ̂ ' /(!\r+?K :Kr)

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r , ' = ( s r j ,E rd ( f . s " ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! o t l

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(3.O

iII

n la & b e pdrneterderriird bt oxpcrinrnc.

h alem lsed io delcriie rii \rdrologic2l.diliri0n rr3n\eeinre z:rioLiofprccjpilatjon o\tr rl:.,;: r"le6hed ad inr res!lri::-i d:rn4e oiriis ,f-r rlioDgl $rtr .f.rnieh .r eralohns$6doi?

lnitial moistpre c.ndilior\Tle qEd1l ol runoai linj ha sron dliriCs o::

L) I,loisiurc condnicN oi ih r?i.lDenrs.2) Slom cndadenlis: .-.:.r. irtenlnt bdd[: .).

Scil poistureshorld l.c::!e lorainaricnn \ii) li:!. dliirq,ai,.ls ori.r.c;,rn,i.a. fte. . ' l i . . . . 0 i . , j - L -

iom a pdiculd basin !.irr spe.iiisd n:erolo3icd c.rdiiicn! i! :ou-cbly Frcponi.nal r. _de

anonat in siora,le i.e. nr !.il.noniu3 snould Cecr:rd !.aairhit:ij! \irllnre dui:g lan.ds

k i Ece$ionlrior= (0.85 - i.98)Ir'de inilialvzilue cf a,t.ed.Dt prc.ipitarion Index.' r ' - - d " - d . e l . e r o " . e . . ' u . h e L ) C e y f o t

J 0 f " o r o r - d , 1 , + - r o d i r , . - 0 0 - 6 . d . : . . C \ .

Precipitaiions Ruroif reladonsAmual p.ecipnaidn \s. Anul tuoff oiicn sho\$ soodc.r.laiior,Iig (8 i), ejpeci,llt

for dcN wbeE pEcipnatic. IzU! jn de sjntd donris.

" R=!<?

IIIIrlrlrlIrlil: l, . _

at:,P

^ - - - - - a - '- , "2 :

(s.1

(3 3l

c.c. =: {Pf?) (&-R) /M.'t' (v"'1' .' . "tt (P -P)' (R.R)'t '

lce 5 w eali

' ' . , . ' . . . , . . , - , . , . - (3 .9 ]. . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3 .10)

- - - J.-;L '

- - , -L ' ' : j t- " t=t:'

, - - i ) I3, "-n-z ".t.t

ntetue)' . .^ - - -oeP(c.3:)n 5t2.4<-su.fa.e rc+e^+:5a -

AaIe ceAetl (JiJ tb e

IIIIIIIIIItIIIIIIIIt ,I

Fs- rlsd.-.tt: ishd&.LF ibdn.dpfr.

J t ' t I

.f-1\-i ,

- i-

' ').....� t ': 'a***" '

5aal

II!I

" ltI

be usc{j for !.Fdi.tion ofqnsready

r . \ /a\e nro! .ucnr

r r ream l |ow rouhno:

^ }{o.n oclr.n,l risin q \rfe: s a\inrpteior ssread) Lhtu ijrci::::: dnifornty dd

1. { ' l , , "sk+

wale in a unif.n .honet: iniriarrr LbebsoDcsudinljf .\, eft be hieh;nie.

4,

IIIIIIIIIIII

t

F E 6 '

*tt 1,

uir,erereroc'ry & v_ Odginar floy vetocirvA= cros{ecriorat area ofihecna*et

Froto Eq (9 l) the \rave retocji,

u= (ArvrA!!j)/ (Al^)=(qfqr/ (AA,

rh e reach in r 'r.it ofthe

(e-2)

F't

?BII

Ilz

. "9:r,-r. ,i"t.

. f rhe rare- i (A. q l

A - l(AL, ̂n Il_ ",:__ ,t,lv"-'A-, t;/l"l :,',/ IU) ,/t // l

:[-+-]-4"'-':I ...-/t i

.7s . Vr !

oL4e:I+ _i-s o i l l :e :ac: .c aA:nd 0B €qn2l t tc

' '=71Az= ! '

I

II

I

II

I

I

I

II

d . u a v l , . O j " l S , a e \ j o L d d O . d d s - . d o b " d ( - r - J J ' :

:-:2,- : L =t : t t ) j r

, { / } - - - -

substituling.!q (9 5) into Eq.(9_.i), ireresulr NL3l1

- B

tB,

ld

Eq.(9-3) is knoMi,r $ide open dra'del )-

:

(9-{) B 9

q:Av:!I}=BY:? SIq

S= mergy slole: $ a1e! s!rf3c. slcpe'

dqi dr:l3i rr€::!j =F/tY

\ o aslat

dift leri j:rirg Eq.(9-i)

' . ' f l h:'v'/ *"" ";;l: '. '(?;ii7 T1:*

r s O

ro s)

(9-e)or tz l,^s=srs,:1,rdt -,odl

I=inflowraie. O= ourflownte, S=sioragc lrEle

For roxting calc! larion a'e.ag. llows mav be used

((I1+r:)i2) (r0 - (o,+o)/2xdt)= (sfsi) . . . ; . : ' . . . . (91 ! )

II

III

tI

II

fow is nr tdrd to o |np lne a io tu l ron +r. f f i " d ' -; " " : ; ; ; : " i :

' : " . : . i , " ; " . i , ; ; i , ' . , ' . o i " . . . o t " R .

s i ' d o b c ' " FDcterminai iod olstorase..Tllc raler sulace s nslalJ

->r- in q ? . - -

R.{+i"5- -. -- t- itJrnedinrl _- -cP :r2blFse<r"r La)"v,i i;t _:;t\

.104

4F i J b - t )

I

(e-11)

of(2s/i-o)

Se

I

I

, or+L:l'(ls,tt,)=1rsy'r+ojl a

,:'Jff ,:'i:::"H'l?':fl fi ##-Jtu:trThc ioresllndinglahe ofO: el be ieraminedco6putalicr is then releaied for sL..eedng

f?blets/! o

5.6 :fji;1,.,c't.7

l.-1

2Slt+O

I* l

III

Midniqht

14,9

l6 . r

23,537,236,9

J.f,10 .510.36.6

' : .1

D s.h:r9. means olrfon disch:rge

I.2

\\hen {e hare galed cuilets, -,irtn t,l. (9- 10) is nDdined1o:

(r,+I1y, r' (o'+ot/?) roil=sfs, . -...... ..(9_lt)

O.Tconftlled olrflov6R=.esukted ou1flow

IfO G zero. !q. (9-lt)b:cod{:

' )

rl

IIItI

I

I).,.1

tu-dR+s,=sj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 9 r 3 )

On-(2s,/r O,)=(2Stt o, l 9 - 1 1 ) ,0'+I:)-2

E! (9-1.1) ro thar a Eq. i9- r l ) l ,o \ . { 01: l icu ld be

so)

4+a!l;1\9au rve\.:'

t

7

1 7 . ( 9 - +

T/n4'+ . - 3

+ 9 1

r 3 t 6

---:>- 33L

-- , 213

--, I Z,

----> t8

3 /6

3 ft'1a,t /., "

I ,

t 9

- 8. r-

+/ar+fntt

5/N

s/tp

5/,r/t

6 fra-

I L

- 8 9

78 _

t/t,

t/nat3 7

IIIIIIItIIIIIIItIIIII

F )t f

- : !. , : :

I

I'+fit=tF,E.

IIII

IIIIII

i

r

-. .,-"-,--.--:: j--:,x-ji::: j:":J;rl'i5,'; * - "-

e

: r

: : : !

ffi=,*i#liiiiiiiri:ii;:i:;i

i l . . : : . : ' ' : '.J; r- i . , : ! . : ;

;:';t::i:i,r : i i : : ! : i i i

#$#*,,*l . i i i i i : i::;:iii;i. : i i : 5 ; ; :

; ; : : ! : ; : i: . i : i i i i rr ! l r ' i ; i ; i

z"t

\ i

a :' ; j .

: :

II

I

I

I

II

t

II

I

I

tI

I

III

\raen jiflo$ erceeds oudloN ls is Posilive andr;se rersa' T:1' srorage atinvrnle

iliiJl*' "i'i. G'r.."0 "eg'riie sbage in*nrrts suDs'quer!ro the serected

z.ro!oin.

fffi,.'" .i - r r,.ce j',,r:i..h

J

-;t

iilrt' jl -'::]'lil)-- '.' ?

l

ac =u=- oJ t

!R'5

€ , ,

P, .

Fit.(s ^4)

4A

IIIIIII

o"4/1,*o

,:/,

I

ii- .s',la

s

K.) 6 'o r ) t, / 4 " ,e

5 " 7 t e r r < " ' t ' s

, " %

t1t llfi

H L" t

o^te. 54/ ?e. . 4 t? v lb-

EXNIPAz AtlZldiv^:F r* )e|t:"'"t

*, 11- .2)/1t /e.f ot > .e ' - A

a . J z - . . e ^ r 1 " . . o : J r L I' ) 4etJoalaz, 4;retar ' tc ret).1..^

el,2ri . 'a^: .? = cJ' D lz.: i

c."{?c:e"1, D i ' +Le e^+' '^La

olc,i, t a,.J H it +ue 'Lt: 'J 'b e \ , , u t e c a : e r a ^ ) , ' " r ' 4

r ! - - l . t ^ ^4d D= 2 .

!-4!L:-L0) -rl2 autllau it

= Q.d@A,|l;i;'tfr-

a..a .+ /D bezf , .s

" )!e.+ . | 1 (^ têlxll]'

- u i l e + . + . a t f / " e . T h e

tve. t i ' 1 ; r 'e^ L) fAe

' j \ +re Jt . ' l ' ) r '9e

I

, . t ; J l t , > t ' * r e r n : : 5 r r . i - f

- r l " z i l I ' a \ 1 1 ) " l r a ? l ' ; \ 1 1 " "

t ) + . i + 2 . . ' e . ' . : / " ' + 1 1 ' a ? ) t ) ' - J -

" r, F,") att - d'! L.vztT^X:!lj944 a

xire^ 19 o = ctwo rl4T--- tc.ssJi- -- 26.6 Ju- -

i t .:-I

t"

tIIIIIItIIIIIIIIIIIIt

t121. ) : ' . \ ) / jz . -++tPo - s t , ' / '

I

z t 3 8 6 e

z l a 3 . 7

e) ee"c.r+e the | "rt ' "1; " ie a

?3

s

a \

rl

3

6a

ItII

II

IIl=-

=

l=

i..-: i '" 1.-{it".]]l- .i'n;j",r"

I

i.,;i;Jt

= t " t - : - J 6 ' -

' ' 1 . - : t : 2 - :

j : ' ? n j : : : - : ;

=r--i==

.-::14-i .:

-=taX 6--- : . .1872. : .":': z {2r.=...,.- t94.

zZtE- : -3t9=

.. -,t/E-.-. :', e3 t

-:..j.at

:i :- : i;;i.

tII

E xâ? t . 9 . . - ) l ) J .o l .3Y

I

I

1 . ,l r

I

I

t

III

tt

. r lt "

II

1

IIII

l--.-.!:

e

--h-v,"ki\-r-r"lh"d it . conDmnlt !*d nldFlosic touling

rdiable dnch's: nlnge relationdrip. n)is relhod Doneh de slarase" t

II

I

I

n\e.chrDel by a coDbiDationof lcdge odpnenn.Eq. (Fi. 9 t).

_ . . - : - ; ; i i : : : : ; i L ; . . f ' o , . '

It

II

I

IIt

IIt

Iis (9 :l Prlsn od red-qe $orae

D[jn! dre adrde ola nood Nare. inJlor e!..:ds o:tlo\ !i.:jtir-l. . . " . i e . . - . a . o . . - . e e o s i r . . o r . . f . . ! "' . n , b - a d b ) a \ o o e I

. - r r o i f , : r . .

i A . . a : r

):-r:, r,::-r':,r ,

(, jr!'r},)

: - ; " . . - - : - - \ jx i - ;F ; { - : ; ;aN: ;0r ro^ , , . . ' : .c '

h t r , i ns l l r e .n ! c 0SX50 .5--friiiiliF!? ii:IiEEEr rc \n of, r o 'ompor- s

s= kQ- Lx(r.o) (9,ri)

riich cdbe Earangedlo gi\€ dre ndEge funcliorforlJLllingun rruoJ:

s = k tx I + (1-x) Ql , . - . . . - . . . . . . . , . . . . . . , . . - . (9.16)

and reFre$n1s a lirzr dodel fo! touring norv it 5tdsTLe r aluc ol x d.Feids on rbe sb:pe ol iie Dodclec Fede' sora:-:' :le ral:: 'fx Er::s

-o - , o t o . ' " . , . " ; . 16nqs lo .aee to { j i f o ra fu l l \ ! dse Nhenx=0 r l e t i s DD i?dsa a rd

\ .1ce i :ob2 .kn . l e r .dsL lhecê io iahe l -poo l r . s . r l o i r I r l l t +=Eq i9 l s ) : s ! r i a

line.r reseFoir rddcl, S= k Q. In natuEl 51€ans. X \l.Ntei0nic:3 \inha!F) r4i!c

. . ' o ' r ' . , . \ , . a l r \ " 4 # , " r ̂ " " - ' , , i : i : : : i : r . . : - iI

I

EEe of no$. Il_. \alues of n.rages arln c j sd jj+l .r- b: \rillcn. i.p:dntly. 6:

. r - k [ \ 1 r ] t - \ r Q . l

= i . L_. r , r r - I ) Qi , j . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t ls)

r . : i ' : : e c \ : r l i i n c j , ! e ^ 3 1 l 1 : : :

I.aI

$

IIItIttIIIIIIIIIIIIII

fl. f:d

' tPtur.A.5 are avt; t tbl< +,,1+- A. le.*:^.) :"^ - l K

f, l / ,v: ! ,43 a s;6at la6e-! ! J{t€l- in l+i ." -F t<aiJ X ir

su..ets;v. v2taes -F I t \ . nuêtal" (ecpr<*"h {J 5+" 'ar '

n. te-e, l ) a"J l |e Jenai; 'a+" ( tePtate^l :n aei l [ t ' ! -Ftaa t4d'^<' t)

a, e c, - r,.1 k J ft . a. ? G " ) ", i.,,..:,* --r" r'." :;' ".:-t, : :": ; ;.;: "1" :':

-

2t tuntdJ v .P)" ' ) P) / 'ne l t lL v) t4" ' r

t l " "" '^ ' ' ' t 'S nad'Q1- ' '^) )" ' - :"+- ' * ' 'A Ptatka/ u!42t4

f/.Ja.;,t c.t '. ' ,, n. F,.^ "t L"t' Th' ", '*':t - 'L".', -", '-r,' , , "

, " , i ' U " t t ' a I 2 e P ' t " e ' l + ' a 5 ; 4 e L n e t t ' ' c e t ' t e a a t

",,""',,,,., "', ", *.", ", {: ; : : ' r,: !,!;. ' :: ' ; F =' :: ' : ' ' : :: "-' : :,

d " ' ^ t h . v ' t a ' a L r r F -

V , Z i R i . " , . ! _ . ) , " . . . . . _ , . .

4 F - l l " - ! ' u t : . t e l t ) | 6 4 ( 5 2 s ) .

1 1 "

t '

7'

*- i- t-

rI

n :

Ji,-!' -r.' I

F,f s+ ".+J e

vD

To:LA.PSubiect :4n Orer For Rehabi l i ra t ioh Of fhe Cened106 Si re

t

IIII

I

I

IttI

I

I

II

A. Renovingall tb€ frees ind!dingtbepaln treesB. Clern ing,nd ler r t ing rhe " ho le s i leC. Laying (20-25)cm subbaseNith teveling and conpa.tionT[ecostforthi.item 552002.!j!e a{&e!!!!tA.Removingall plants and cleaningin€ !rcaB.Filling the low areas i.duding tho chaDnels sith srbbaseC.Removingall the pipcs and rhe h'o rad'aioN and Ph.e thehin the build'ng ofihe old g€ner.tor .The costlorthis item $920

3l!g-e3l3Ie!-$&A. Fillirgall the cotrcreG chantrehand Io{ areasw'th subbaseB. Btrilding2m high 60m loDgsall on theexisting sl.brvith t{oopenings in the front l,5n $ idcTbislrallwill be phsaered with nortlrcemento. both sidesTbecosi for this it€n 542004. !!$!.9udq-s!!e scsiq

(P:irt onc)Tbe following items should be m2del. The main rard

The costforthis item 52805. g]c4!iqe!.e-qs-b.!iEDc!Cleaning the hYo buildings {rcmThecostfor this ileh St60Tbesum ofthe abore itens is

A. h€moling rll the nud fron the sho derB, Placi.g 20cm strbb.sc for an !r@ oI3n by30m I

I

I

III

s10760s1614

thcrehabilitation 51237.1meet yourrequiremerts for ih€ gen€rator site Ior

IItItIIttIIIIItI!IItI

Th. dtrgc D noElc !r' r so b.e\prciad Ltng Eq (v ruJ

Sj , , -sr=, !1( I j+r j r l , - At (Qi+Qj . l |7 . . . . . . . - . . . - 191c)

comttutug (9.19):nd (9 20) and sinlpljiirs gnes:

^ ^ p : :a , - . , r j , + ( : r , c , t . -

. rll.h ! rl,e niuri'g.qLerion for Lhe V!s\i ):d ltrhcJ {heEl

. . - . . . . . - - . ( 9 1 2 )

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- .(e.r.)

c ' + c : + c r = 1

ii.:s;t1ed irdoNand ouitov hldr.lnr:r.t a\:iiable ioi a rn'rr+ch r!\::!'clk' " e ' - o . . \ r d . . d ! 2 r e t l t i ^ A ' a r c '

r:= 0.5 !t uj-1+ I,l (q' +o)l/x (Ij , ' Ij) +G_ r) (q-1+ Qil " : (e i')

'-ffi"The i.llo$ hrdroqr:Dh toail.r t6c[ jsgilhin.o]D's 1rdl'fT:ble(9.1) Ddemi;e 1h; o;indv htcrosraph lroD lhis Fa'h ilk = 21 h r'' _. 0 15')d 11 = t h. fte i.,iii!i onrnoN is Sr n A

2(

: = l r r r \ l c r i l ) / F l l 1 l - 0 1 5 t ! 2 0 r r ' q l = 0 : q l ],(r

alrr.rli::rit.Irf.:LIcal|ecc.ll.i.nisC,. cr ard cr is 'qnal io I

c, 'c : + cr =0.05:11+0. l l l i+0 i92t :100c0F..ir..r:1rir,. iitnr.:h. olriov is d.1e-ii..d uiin3 r3ltr:s aor li anl l)' " o a 8 : d o d ' - r \ ' I

q \Q, i=C i I i , i + C r l + C : I

=c 06j l0 l7) : 0 . r r11(9r)+ 0 j9 l t (s j )

r c;= t \ -2 krt / P k 0-x) +f l

c : = t \ + 2 k i J / l l k ( r x ) + I l

q = r r o - \ ) - 1 r J / t 2 k o x l + : : l

- 34q2 l t t l ) + te21

- < 2 ' 4 : t 1 4 L '' t t 4 d ' 4

(2 . )0 0 .15)(2 l ) ( l - r ] . l j ) rE.r(0 rj)

. i ) (0 .1 i )2

q2\,

E{o3l / p)

aq t = ( . . 6 3 t ( z ' 8 ) +

K e A a a ' ) t( e , W e J j e - - - ) t 2

( ( , s d , - - ) r . -

$ A e l - - - - 2 ; ; !

la.a-e+& -<'r)'/"14

i-

I

i h $ " s . r . r r k i i c " . i - b " r r r i a r N s i c d d b r ' 3 t r : t r t

I

I

rsrE9.Z I

I

f,I

II

2 )

t55

I

I

I

I

ItIIIII

I

IIII

I

t '

1 l

!5 d

{r

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIt

i\.d in si.ia ;Li d[n.s li.n,ar-Edu( drr;se d6ed by lood.

Phvsical ChaIacteristics of Reserr'oirs :i sio-"c-_+*i,r_, Ir is daemitd fr. trosrPnicDtr! Fird an ̂rea'Elel 'ri'r crl e

F igue (10 , i )be ld f .T lF i xeg ra lo f E f rea !1 . ! s1 i ! ! . L re i j r c ' 1e1a i j 'D : i I age

; ) , 2 ' NorBa l too t leYe l : @duins a;jndv oDeErinq condnions. rtk h "su4&grsl!r.!=Er4l!!-9ID! !

(n !' 2)

r;;{'i';,: riri;.'4";;;'";a'rhich rhe rool h lob. 'irnG rirdai

9 o J t 5 - D . r d , o t u e ! : | . - ' e \ a r . L . o h j o v n r u p r r ' -

|

6-.:Su.h3rle slof.E.: 1.|is is rlc hconrill:d nolaqe i....:i tr.r i: ftrained for laleruse.'\i)-'

: ) t a )e - - v " k , ro r "e , : T l . t r s . .1 re r ina- r tu - l -h . . r . ' . ' .

ItIIIIIIIIIttIIIII

, x - . o , , . r . . - , n . a e . r . i . r l ' ! ' e . . . - e d

,l-fu G.J du-i: J.i ' ic:l Jfr !eriod.

iii.flal.lrjbe. TIe saa.. or lirn tjeld

- - : t f i : r :

tII

ItIIIItII

I

Evmple (10.2): \\iratEsnoirc6lJa.jry iitqujtd to- 1ne iiions slom jl i!::i (10 {) ?

6sue a yield.l7i000 ?..-lilr lbr

I

IIIIIIII

II

Solur ;o r : DD ' .d scn ts o r "s d l s ( l O ' ' sa r \d r ' ' r ' ' ' i r ' r r ebd ' I o I' e r * ' i . n 0 0 0 O A e . n c e . g - r 6 0 ' B h * d _ c ' o ' 6 0 : 0 \ " 1

' o . 0 o " a i d . - - . . . : " . . 1 . . d r o . b q r ' l : ' d o r . : " d: c \iil$utsiorgcconiCerblv in.\cess of30000 A''ft

ItIIIIIIIIIIlItI

III

j l

tI R"ffi--#iX*fi ' "' e rnon \L' dc'�n.,,r er\D'l::-1o .-lo l . "' :"1;';lIIItIIIIItItIII

II

I

;il*liif:ffi.--.lliii'iijr:*i,;ii :,,:"r:;i':,r,:: ; . , :y ; ; ; ; ; l : i ; ; ; " - . , , ' ca ' p ,ocedf ,F ' ' r " i

" ' . : : . , : ' ' t . i I : l; :,:i;i','fi: ',1;.!j,;,"

*:1, , r .,.;",i "H:::"#ff:;lii+if i;l[Srtr'l'#tri'*r;i*:*:ri::

. ; ; " . , : ;

I

:

I

i

Frc!Rr i r , jA r.3rcn riabiilry an_-

' ' ' ' ' t o s f ' ' - r l " { ( ' \ -- : l , \

\ r " t . r r r " s " r ' 1 q "

, r : . , . + , . a - , ^ t e ' ' t t h ? " - P ( ' \ \ 8 1 7 ' ) t" " " ' " ' :

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=l . T. is rfie Letm pdod (or recuneN.\ithii \\ii.h a en.D e\ enl \ ill be .quatl or

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Ior a sncn rlun, p:ricd Tr 1;r: r'i.q!enc! faclor ca bt drlemridJ ':, iirijiD ; 1h. Dror:.rl C!:1iibr:ri.: :i,d :i ..n t. c.lculatd b) e'lL:iir1

/d l) rlrionrhiis t;r r.q P..*on i r:llldjsrnblriorand F\t'De va::e

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']ne ralua olx for dv prob'bililrl'\ el is conpllcd Fonr eqlarion(ll'l) iodi6ed:

L o : X L ; g \ r K 6 ' " . r i l t ]

, : . . . . " , " . r f k l l . . . r c i r q r - / d i r . d r ' : 1

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r1'1x 1zrrc tor Iltr rls Plrin n

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Eqtation (t:..1) t rquir:k{:c.iltri:.r (ll.l) \ihItequl ronr'

,= (1/F) - r

r = (dr)/(u/r : l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . .o1.10)

p"=nC' ' /ae ' i r ( .+ ! ) . , . , . . . . . . - , , . . . . - . , . . . . . (11 .11)

01,12)

(11 .9)

(11.13)

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I

IX=X1(0 .7797Y 0J5)6 !Nhere X is rhe .r.h of iha dab<nes and 6, is irs {ddad dertaljon

t r r . l9)

( l - l

1.530.i67

2. t l 0 . t l

I 2 i 0

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r "oo1. . h " - r ; r -p ; - .n t ) , . . l Jd LLr be l d i nb t r :o6

Forcux6! ldvoc I -dkr r ibd ion)q 0 . 5 . - r / : 6 i - 4 0 , n t r r . l " b e r ' I I K m _ | L l d K 0 - r ' iqD= 1557+ l.l+467 = 2! 6J d'Aqr@= l5i7 +3.14i,l67=i021 nt/s

Forloq l.don T)pe IlL iion f rbl? rI I ll, ; o : ' , r r , , . 1 , . " , 0 - o r 0 i r r ' d . , o , r . b l r j { 0 I . " c

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· Created Date: 3/19/2009 12:06:08 PM