© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 1 of 31 Periodic Trends > Types of Periodic Trends 5 Periodic Trends 1.Atomic Radii (AR) 2.Ionization Energy (IE)

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Slide 1 of 31

Periodic Trends > Types of Periodic Trends

5 Periodic Trends

1.Atomic Radii (AR)

2.Ionization Energy (IE)

3.Electronegativity (EN)

4.Ionic Radii (IR)

5.Metallic Charateristic (MC)


Slide 2 of 31

Periodic Trends > Columbic Force

Columbic Force (CF) (explanation for Periodic Trends)

Opposite Charged Particles – Attract

Same Charged Particles – Repel

F = (Q1*Q2)/r

Q1 – charge on particle 1 (nucleus “+” charge)

Q2 – charge on particle 2 (valence e, “-” charge)

r – distance between particles


Slide 3 of 31

Periodic Trends > Columbic Force – Periodic Trend

Periodic Trend for Columbic Force (CF)

Down a Group:

Trend:

Reason:

Across a Period:

Trend:

Reason:

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Periodic Trends > Trends in Atomic Size

The atomic radius is one half of the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined.

6.3

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Periodic Trends > Trends in Atomic Size6.3

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Periodic Trends > Trends in Atomic Size6.3

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Periodic Trends > Atomic Radii (AR) Periodic Trend

Periodic Trend for Atomic Radii (AR)

Down a Group:

Trend:

Reason:

Across a Period:

Trend:

Reason:

Slide 8 of 31


Periodic Trends > Trends in Ionization Energy

Ionization Energy (IE) - The energy required to remove the first valence electron from an atom (atom is in the gas phase).

• What is holding the valence electron to the atom?

• Valence electron tightly held or loosely?

6.3

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Periodic Trends > Trends in Ionization Energy6.3

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Periodic Trends > Ionization Energy (IE) Periodic Trend

Periodic Trend for Ionization Energy (IE)

Down a Group:

Trend:

Reason:

Across a Period:

Trend:

Reason:


Slide 13 of 31

Periodic Trends > Ionization Energy (IE) Periodic Trends

Two Exception to 1st Ionization Energy (IE) (Across the Period):

1. Be B

Trend:

Reason:

2. N O

Trend:

Reason:

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Periodic Trends > Trends in Electronegativity

•Trends in Electronegativity

Electronegativity is the ability of an atom, in a chemical bond, to attract the shared valence electrons to itself. (i.e. the shared valence electrons are physically closer to the higher EN value atom than the other atom in the chemical bond).

• What EN really means?

•Fluorine?

6.3

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Periodic Trends > Trends in Electronegativity

Representative Elements in Groups 1A through 7A

6.3

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Periodic Trends > Electronegativity (EN) Periodic Trend

Periodic Trend for Electronegativity (EN)

Down a Group:

Trend:

Reason:

Across a Period:

Trend:

Reason:

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Periodic Trends > Ions

An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

• A cation is an ion with a positive charge.

• An anion is an ion with a negative charge.

6.3


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Metals elements lose valence electrons to form cation ions. Cation radii (IR) are always smaller than atomic radii (AR) [i.e. IR < AR]

6.3


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Non-metal elements gain valence electrons to form anion ions. Anion radii (IR) are always larger than atomic radii (AR) [i.e. IR > AR]

6.3

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Periodic Trends > Trends in Ionic Size

Relative Sizes of Some Atoms and Ions

6.3


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Periodic Trends > Trends in Ionic Size

Trends in Ionic Size

6.3S

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incr

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Periodic Trends > Ionic Radii Periodic Trend

Periodic Trend for Ionic Radii (IR)

Down a Group:

Trend:

Reason:

Across a Period: Metals large small, then Non-metal large small (Caution: Are not looking at same charge ion when across period)

Metals: IR vs. AR :

Reason:

Non-metals: IR vs. AR :

Reason:


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Periodic Trends > Metallic Characteristics Periodic Trend

Definition of Metals

Composed of cations in a “sea” of free flowing valence electrons.

• Properties – Good Electrical Conductor

• Properties – Good Heat Conductor

• Properties – Malleable & Ductile

• Periodic Trends (Metallic Characterstic)

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© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 1 of 31 Periodic Trends > Types of Periodic Trends 5 Periodic Trends 1.Atomic Radii (AR) 2.Ionization Energy (IE)