,. CLEAN DIESEL DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM Diesel Emission Control Retrofit Users Conference Pasadena, CA February 6 -7, 2001

,.

CLEAN DIESEL DEMONSTRATION

PROGRAM

Diesel Emission Control Retrofit Users Conference

Pasadena, CA February 6 -7, 2001

Clean Diesel Demonstration Program ,.

OUTLINE NYCT Operations

Program Objectives; Partners and Roles

Project Work Plan Field Demonstration

Emissions Testing

Fuels Matrix Testing

Technology Issues

Current Results


NYCT Bus Operations

Number of Depots: 18

Employees: 12,159

Bus Routes / Bus Stops: 234 / 14,000

Ridership: 2.0 million weekday

Revenue Miles: 102 million annually

Diesel Fuel Used: 40 million US Gal. in

1999


NYCT Bus Fleet

2000 2006

3,862 2,022

280 660

148 629

90 649

10 390

Total 4,390 4,350

40' Hybrid Transit

40' Diesel Transit

45' Diesel Coach

60' Diesel Articulated

40' CNG Transit


PROJECT OBJECTIVES

Evaluate the particulate emissions reductions available using JMI’s CRT TM technology in conjunction with reduced sulfur diesel fuel

Evaluate the applicability of the technology to both new 4-stroke and older 2-stroke diesel engines

Evaluate the maintainability and durability of CRTs in rigorous New York City bus service

Evaluate fuel parameters that can enhance future commercial success


TECHNOLOGY

Continuously Regenerating Technology Oxidation catalyst and wall-flow ceramic filter

Packaged to replicate OEM muffler dimensions

No moving parts

No external energy requirements

Reduced Sulfur Diesel Fuel Base specification similar to #1 Diesel

Sulfur level of 30 ppm (350 - 500 ppm standard)

Lubricity enhancement


Johnson Matthey CRT TM

Inlet Section

CatalystSection

FilterSection

OutletSection

HoneycombCatalyst

Wall-flowFilter


PROJECT PARTNERS

Johnson Matthey - CRT technology

Corning - ceramic filters

Equilon - reduced sulfur diesel fuel

Environment Canada - emissions testing

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation - program development/testing

RAD Energy - fuel logistics

MTA New York City Transit - bus operations


Budget

CRT Purchase/Installation $497,055

Reduced Sulfur Fuel Purchase $761,364

Emissions Testing $228,678

Fuels Matrix Testing $311,826

Technical Support $170,470

Project Management $108,280

Total $2,077,673


PROJECT WORKPLAN

Fleet Demonstration In service test of 50 buses for 1 year

Emissions Testing Baseline testing

Durability testing

Fuels Matrix Evaluation Fuel additives

Sulfur sensitivity

Aromatics content


FLEET DEMONSTRATION

50 buses equipped with CRT systems in revenue service in Manhattan for one year 25 1999 buses with Detroit Diesel Series 50 engines

25 1993 buses with Detroit Diesel 6V92 DDEC engines

One entire depot (140 buses) to operate on reduced sulfur fuel for one year (1.2 mill gallons)

4 buses equipped with continuous data loggers; all others will be monitored monthly for changes in engine back-pressure, and fuel economy


EMISSIONS TESTING 4 buses tested at the beginning of the program

2 w/ DDC Series 50 engine; 2 w/ DDC 6V92 engine

Each bus tested with OEM muffler/standard fuel, with OEM muffler/30 ppm sulfur fuel, and with CRT system/30 ppm sulfur fuel

Test on chassis dynomometer using CBD and New York bus cycles

Collect info on criteria emissions (CO, HC,NOx, PM), plus particle size and toxicity

Re-test each bus after 9 - 12 months in service


CHASSIS DYNOMOMETER


FUELS MATRIX TESTING

Test various fuel formulations on engine dyno using a 1996 DDC Series 50 Urban bus engine

Fuel formulations will vary by sulfur content, aromatics content, proprietary additive packages

If a new formulations is judged superior to reference reduced sulfur fuel, perform limited field testing Equip 2 Series 50 OC Transpo Buses with CRTs and

data loggers, operate for 3 months Chassis dyno emissions test


ENGINE TEST CELL


FUEL LOGISTICS Purchase and use of non-commercial fuel

requires special handling Segregated bulk transportation (barge) Segregated bulk storage in NYC region Segregated delivery to depot

Project purchased all 1.2 million gallons in a single batch to ensure product consistency

Testing fuel came from same batch as fuel used in fleet demonstration

Handling is largest share of incremental cost


CURRENT RESULTS 6V92

Prototype CRT system successfully demonstrated in service for 4 weeks

In-service exhaust temperatures at lower margin of acceptable - especially with low ambient temp

Improved insulation of exhaust path has helped

3 CRT buses “plugged” in service - root cause under investigation; potential fuel effect unrelated to sulfur

Durability test suspended


CURRENT RESULTS S50 Prototype testing showed in-service exhaust

temperatures to be very acceptable

Nine month Fleet demonstration Completed CRT buses have logged over 750,000 miles (up to

40,000 miles/bus)

No CRT-related road calls; MBDF of CRT fleet is equivalent to non-CRT buses

No back-pressure problems

No measured loss of fuel economy

25 CRT buses still in service


CRT INSTALLATION S50 Engine


S50 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE


S50 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

Temperature (C)

Fre

qu

en

cy (

ab

so

lute

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Fre

qu

en

cy (

%)


S50 BACK PRESSURE*

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

8/26 8/27 8/28 8/29 8/30 8/31 9/1 9/2 9/3 9/4 9/5 9/6 9/7 9/8 9/9Date

Pre

ss

ure

Dro

p (

in.

Hg

)

Start Test

End Test

* No load wide open throttle test


Emissions Test Results: S50 on CBD

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

(mpg)FE

Kg/mileCO2

g/mileNOX/10

g/mileTHC*10

g/mileCO

g/milePM *10

BASELINE LSD ULSD ULSD-CRT

ULSD = 29 -78% ReductionULSD + CRT = 88 - 94% Reduction


Emissions Test Results: S50 on NYB

1.49

6.487.03

9.10

13.14

5.50

1.39

7.18 7.33

0.600.23 0.37

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

(mpg)FE

Kg/mileCO2

g/mileNOX/10

g/mileTHC*10

g/mileCO

g/milePM *10

BASELINE LSD

ULSD-CRT 93- 98%Reduction


FUTURE PROJECT SCHEDULE

Resolve 6V92 issues and re-start Fleet Demonstration if possible

Conduct Fuels Matrix Testing beginning March 2001

Durability emissions testing on-going. Complete and publish results summer 2001.


NYCT PLANS

Based on success of pilot program, NYCT has committed to aggressive implementation of Clean diesel technology fleet-wide Convert entire fleet to ULSD (completed 9/00)

Retrofit entire fleet with catalyzed filters (250 installed to date; 3,500+ NLT 12/03)

In addition, NYCT will retire all 2-stroke engines NLT 12/03 Will require “re-powering” up to 800 buses with

new 4-stroke EGR engines

Documents

,. CLEAN DIESEL DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM Diesel Emission Control Retrofit Users Conference Pasadena, CA February 6 -7, 2001