© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing

© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012

Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives

© Chris Snuggs 1© Chris Snuggs 1© Chris Snuggs 1© Chris Snuggs 1

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1

Obesity among children is a serious and growing problem in many countries.

Nouns can be used as adjectives! Look at this example:

This is much more elegantly and economically rendered as: (click to see)

Child obesity is a serious and growing problem in many countries.

2

Hyphens can be a problem – words evolve. “postman” was no doubt once two words; now it is one. Dictionaries disagree in many cases.

The government has closed down an illegal immigrant centre.

Look at this example:

Question: Was it the immigrant CENTRE that was illegal (A) or the IMMIGRANTS (B)?

B) The government has closed down an illegal-immigrant centre.

A) The government has closed down an illegal immigrant-centre.

10 May, 2012


© Chris Snuggs 2

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Clearly, B is correct, and is made clearer by the hyphen.

310 May, 2012


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The occasional “mistake” with hyphens will not matter much; few people will notice. However, here are some general guidelines:

•Use a hyphen where the sense needs clarifying.

•Don‘t OVER-use them.

•For a fuller explanation see here.

Test yourself on the following slides ….




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Learning which is child centred is very fashionable these days.

Child-centred learning is very fashionable these days.




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For the time of the murder he had an alibi which was cast iron.

For the time of the murder he had a cast-iron alibi.




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It‘s a centre which does research into accidents.

It‘s an accident research centre.




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This is the team that looks after security at the airport.

This is the airport security team.




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This is our centre for relations with customers.

This is our customer relations centre.




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The costs of production have risen steeply.

The production costs have risen steeply.




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I had an interview for a job today.

I had a job interview today.




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The boss wants a report on progress.

The boss wants a progress report.




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Our company makes food for dogs.

Our company makes dog food.




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I need a test on my blood.

I need a blood test.




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This is a range used for firing by trainee soldiers.

This is a firing range used by trainee soldiers.




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The rotation of crops is essential to keep the soil healthy.

Crop rotation is essential to keep the soil healthy.




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The abuse of drugs causes many problems.

Drug abuse causes many problems.




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The consumption of fossil fuels is leading to global warming.

Fossil-fuel consumption is leading to global warming.




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Apple juice makes a drink that is excellent for your health.

Apple juice makes an excellent health drink.




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People fear that the world is once again entering a period where countries are racing to increase their arms.

People fear that the world is once again entering an arms race.




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We are currently in a massive crisis because of debt.

We are currently in a massive debt crisis.




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This is the sub-committee that assesses risks.

This is the risk assessment sub-committee.




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This is the unit sponsored by UNESCO that researches infant mortality.

This is the UNESCO-sponsored infant mortality research unit.




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This is a factory that makes cars.

This is a car factory.

This is a factory that makes cars.

This is a car factory.




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This is a belt that you attach to your seat in the car.

This is your seatbelt.




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This is a dictionary in both German and English.

This is a German-English dictionary.




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Are we all singing from the sheet with the same songs on it?

Are we all singing from the same songsheet?




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This is a device which saves time.

This is a time-saving device.




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These men have been hardened by battle.

These are battle-hardened men.




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We saw some mountains were capped by snow.

We saw some snow-capped mountains.




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These alarms have been damaged by smoke.

These are smoke-damaged alarms.




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She went into a coma induced by drugs.

She went into a drug-induced coma.




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AND FINALLY ……

CLICK SLIDE




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33

This is the group financed by the U.N. which is researchinginto the risks of cancer of the stomach.

This is the U.N. financed stomach-cancer research group.

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© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing