+

Chapter 31

Australia & New Zealand

The Land Down Under

+Section 1 Objectives

I.D. Natural Physical Features

Describe Australia’s history & culture

Examine important features of Australia’s human system

+List a few facts about Australia.

Located in the Southern Hemisphere

Name comes from southern in Latin

About the same size as the contiguous United States

Is also a country, island & is the smallest flattest 2nd driest continent in the world

+List & give info on the land form regions here.

Great Dividing Range Lies in the East Main Mnt. System

(continental divide)

Central Lowlands Great Artesian Basin

(ground water) Your teacher’s desert is

located here

Western Plateau Covers 2/3 or 66% of

continent w/ the oldest rock

List & Facts Map

+What Climate zones are found in Australia & Where?

Arid Center of Continent

Tropical Wet/Dry Most of Northern area

Humid Subtropical & Marine West Coast Eastern side

Mediterranean Southern Edge

+

What animals are:Kangaroo

Koala

Wallaby

Tasmanian Devil

Cats

Deer

Cattle

Rabbits

Endemic Not Endemic

+What Natural Resources can be found here?

Minerals Bauxite/Copper/ Iron Ore/ Lead/ Silver/ Zinc/ Diamonds/ Opals/ Sapphires

Energy Fossil Fuels

Agriculture 6% arable land (mainly used for grazing of cattle and sheep)

+Give the greatest hits of Australia’s history.

-Aborigines came from Southeast Asia about 40,000 years ago (1st settlers)

- 1788 British settle as a prison colony (Sydney)

-1851 Sheep farming starts as well as gold being discovered

-British push Aborigines out with the help of European disease

--6 main colonies form & join together as Commonwealth of Australia (new country)

--Remain close allies with Great Britain & fought with them in World War I & II

-- Hosted the 2000 summer Olympics in Sydney (one of the few times the games have been hosted in the Southern Hemisphere)

+What groups make up Australia’s population?

92% European descent, speak English (Aussie dialect)

7% Asian

1% Aborigines

+Australia’s People

+What is the settlement pattern like in Australia? Why is it like that?

Major cities not on the coast: Canberra (Capital) Alice Springs

Most cities are located near the coast Sydney/ Melbourne/

Brisbane/ Adelaide/ Perth

This is due to colonial settlement and the arid & harsh conditions of the interior.

+Give information on the following:

Christianity Dominant religion

Ancestor & Land worship Aborigines

Buddhism & Hinduism Brought by Asians

Good Public schools run by the government

Emphasis on the Aborigines education due to them being behind caused by years of oppression

Religion Education

+Aborigines & the Spirit World

+What are the popular sports here?Cricket/ Rugby/ Australian rules football

+Briefly describe the following:

Developed Country Good Infrastructure Good Health care Democratic

Government Strong GDP ($22,200) Free Market Economy

Trade with the US and Asian Countries

Aborigines claims to land

Environmental Protection

Exotic species due to no natural predators, they have breed out of control making them a nuisance

Australia Today Issues they are facing

+Give information about the 3 main economic practices. Mining is important to the

economy World’s leading producer of

bauxite/ diamonds/ opals/ lead

Exports to Japan & Asian Countries

Agriculture major exporter of farm goods Wool (leading producer)/

Wheat/ Meat Wool supports the economy,

15% of worlds sheep are here

Tourism large & growing industry Vacation areas include:

The Great Barrier Reef/ Gold Coast/ Ayers Rock/ Sydney

+Section 2 Objectives

I. D. important features in New Zealand’s natural environment

Describe New Zealand’s history and culture

Examine New Zealand’s economy & I. D. the major economic challenges

+Describe the Natural Environments of New Zealand

Fertile land with Forests

Tectonically Active:Volcanoes,

Geysers, Earthquakes, & Hot Springs

South Alps runs down west coast of the island.

Forest & Plains on the East Coast

North Island South Island

+What natural resources can be found here & How are they used?

Good farm land

Hydroelectric Power

50% arable Radiata Pine Pulp & Paper

Supplies 65% of energy

Natural Resource Uses

+Describe Early History of New Zealand•Maori 1st settlers to the islands/came her over 1000 years ago/ came to hunt Moa (flightless bird)

•1642 Abel Tagman(Dutch) becomes the first European to reach the islands

•1769 James Cook comes to New Zealand to explore and map/ brings with him missionaries, traders, and whalers from Australia

•British and Maori make a treaty for land does not work out for Maori as settlers took lands they had claim to/ they were also affected by the European diseases

•1907 became independent, however they still traded with the British Empire and fought along side of them during World War I & II

+Give facts about the following:

Language English

Settlement 75% of population on the North Island, Major cities include Auckland, Wellington, & Christchurch

People Predominantly white, with Maori being the largest minority

Food Clam Soup, Lamb, Sweet Potatoes, Tea & Pavlova

Pavlova is a desert that is made of meringue, fresh fruit and cream.

+What are the major economic activities in New Zealand

Agriculture Fruits and Vegetables as well as Kiwi(bird), Sheep and Cattle. Sheep’s wool is a major export from this area

Films many TV & movies shot here for landscapes and tax breaks.

Tourism plays an important part in the economy, particularly due to having opposing season from the Northern Hemisphere.

+What are some challenges New Zealand is facing?

Small population makes it tough for mass production of items

This drives up the cost of things per unit.

Economic Diversity used to trade with Great Britain but due to high tariffs, because of EU, they do not any more.

Predominantly trade with the US.