18
ro ro c n ... ................. . ................. . .............. .. ........ . DIRECTIONS Read the selection below. Follow the instructions and answer the questions in the side column. They will help you understand how to read to master the TEKS. How I Learned Geography by Uri Shulevitz Guided Oil_.._. D (a) When war devastated the land, buildings crumbled to dust. Read sentence (a) in paragraph D. Suppose the author had used the worp destroyed instead of devastated. How would the effect have been different? · Everything we had was lost, and we fled empty-handed. IIEJ We traveled far, far east to another country, where summers were hot D (') D '::5. u;· &:1 o Ill D Ill g (') :::r ml ffi: m f-" §= I m 0. ro Ql ::J 0. Ql ::J 0. Ql 0 ro m and winters were cold, to a city of houses made of clay, straw, and camel dung, surrounded by dusty steppes, burned by the s.un. We lived in a small room with a couple we did not know. We slept on a dirt fl oor. I had no toys and no books. Worst of all: food was scarce. One day, Father went to the bazaar to buy bread. As evening approached, he hadn't returned. Mother and I were worried and hungry. It was nearly dark when he came home. He carried a long roll of paper under his arm. (b) "I bought a map," he announced triumphantly. "Where is the bread?" Mother asked. "I bought a map ," he said again. Mother and I said nothing. "I had enough money to buy only a tiny piece of bread, and we would still be hungry," he explained apologeti cally. "No supper tonight," Mother said bitterly. 'We'll have the map instead." (c) I I didn't think I would ever forgive him, and I went to bed hungry, while the couple we lived with ate their meager supper. The husband was a writer. He wrote in silence, but, oh! how loudly he chewed. He chewed a small crust of bread with such enthusias m, as if it were the most delicious morsel in the world. I envied him his bread and wished I were the one chewing it. I covered my head with my blanket so I would not hear him smacking his lips with such noisy delight. The next day, Father hung the map. It took up an entire wall. Our cheerless room was flooded with color. Devastated suggests utter ruin. It creates a more horrible and soul-crushing effect.. Read sentence (b) in paragraph D. What does the word triumphantly suggest about how father felt about buying the map? It suggests he considers the map a treasure greater than food . He is proud of himself and feels he made a conquest. Read sentence (c) in paragraph m. Suppose the author had used the word upset or angry instead of furious. ·How would the effect have been different? It would have been less intense. Furious suqqests that someone is overco me by emotion. ::J Peoples Education Copying is illegal. Chapter 1 • Understanding and Analysis Across Genres "' m m m m m m Eli] 10 I became fascinated by the map and spent long hours looking at it, studying its every detail, and many days drawing it on any scrap of paper that chanced my way. And so I spent enchanted hours far, far from our hunger and misery. I forgave my father. He was right, after all. AUTHOR'S NOTE: I was born in Warsaw, Poland, in 1935. The Warsaw blitz occurred in 1939. Shortly thereafter, I fled Poland with my family, and for six years we lived in the Soviet Union, most of the time in Central Asia, in the city of Turkestan in what is now Kazakhstan. This story takes place when I was four or five years old, in the early years of our stay in Turkestan. The original map was lost long ago. Engfish I • End-of-course Copying Is illegal. GllkledQu.... _ Read sentence (d) in paragraph m. Suppose the author had used the word foreign instead of exotic. How would the effect have been different? Foreign makes something seem alien or different. Exotic suqqests romance and excitement. Read sentence (e) irt paragraph mJ . What words does the author use to suggest leaving the drab, ordinary life of the room behind? maqic incantation Read paragraphs m and mi. What impression do the words and images create? Circle ones you consider especially powerful. They create joy and delight. Mlasurtng Upo to the Engl ish I End-of],;:; J.V

~Ifoytik.weebly.com/uploads/4/4/0/7/44077021/answer_key.pdf · Chapter 1 • Understanding and Analysis Across Genres • ~ L-----~ "' m m m m m m Eli] 10 I became fascinated by

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Page 1: ~Ifoytik.weebly.com/uploads/4/4/0/7/44077021/answer_key.pdf · Chapter 1 • Understanding and Analysis Across Genres • ~ L-----~ "' m m m m m m Eli] 10 I became fascinated by

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~I ~ .~~~?.~?. ~~~.~~~ .................... .................. ............... .. ........ . DIRECTIONS Read the selection below. Follow the instructions and answer the questions in the side column. They will help you understand how to read to master the TEKS.

How I Learned Geography by Uri Shulevitz

Guided Oil_.._.

D (a) When war devastated the land, buildings crumbled to dust. Read sentence (a) in paragraph D . Suppose the author had used the worp destroyed instead of devastated. How would the effect have been different?

· Everything we had was lost, and we fled empty-handed.

IIEJ We traveled far, far east to another country, where summers were hot

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and winters were cold, to a city of houses made of clay, straw, and camel dung, surrounded by dusty steppes, burned by the s.un.

We lived in a small room with a couple we did not know. We slept on a dirt floor. I had no toys and no books. Worst of all: food was scarce.

One day, Father went to the bazaar to buy bread. As evening approached, he hadn't returned. Mother and I were worried and hungry. It was nearly dark when he came home. He carried a long roll of paper under his arm.

(b) "I bought a map," he announced triumphantly.

"Where is the bread?" Mother asked.

"I bought a map," he said again.

Mother and I said nothing.

"I had enough money to buy only a tiny piece of bread, and we would still be hungry," he explained apologetically.

"No supper tonight," Mother said bitterly. 'We'll have the map instead."

(c) I was~- I didn't think I would ever forgive him, and I went to bed hungry, while the couple we lived with ate their meager supper.

The husband was a writer. He wrote in silence, but, oh! how loudly he chewed. He chewed a small crust of bread with such enthusiasm, as if it were the most delicious morsel in the world. I envied him his bread and wished I were the one chewing it. I covered my head with my blanket so I would not hear him smacking his lips with such noisy delight.

The next day, Father hung the map. It took up an entire wall. Our cheerless room was flooded with color.

Devastated suggests utter

ruin. It creates a more

horrible and soul-crushing effect..

Read sentence (b) in paragraph D . What does the word triumphantly suggest about how father felt about buying the map?

It suggests he considers the

map a treasure greater than

food . He is proud of himself

and feels he made a conquest.

Read sentence (c) in paragraph m. Suppose the author had used the word upset or angry instead of furious. ·How would the effect have been different?

It would have been less

intense. Furious suqqests

that someone is overcome by emotion.

::J

~ Peoples Education Copying is illegal. Chapter 1 • Understanding and Analysis Across Genres •

~

L-------------------------------------------------------------~

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m

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10

I became fascinated by the map and spent long hours looking at it, studying its every detail, and many days drawing it on any scrap of paper that chanced my way.

And so I spent enchanted hours far, far from our hunger and misery.

I forgave my father. He was right, after all.

AUTHOR'S NOTE: I was born in Warsaw, Poland, in 1935. The Warsaw blitz occurred in 1939. Shortly thereafter, I fled Poland with my family, and for six years we lived in the Soviet Union, most of the time in Central Asia, in the city of Turkestan in what is now Kazakhstan. This story takes place when I was four or five years old, in the early years of our stay in Turkestan. The original map was lost long ago.

Engfish I • End-of-course Copying Is illegal.

GllkledQu...._

Read sentence (d) in paragraph m. Suppose the author had used the word foreign instead of exotic. How would the effect have been different?

Foreign makes something

seem alien or different.

Exotic suqqests romance

and excitement. Read sentence (e) irt paragraph mJ. What words does the author use to suggest leaving the drab, ordinary life of the room behind?

maqic incantation Read paragraphs m and mi. What impression do the words and images create? Circle ones you consider especially powerful.

They create joy and del ight.

Mlasurtng Upo to the English I End-of],;:; J.V

Page 2: ~Ifoytik.weebly.com/uploads/4/4/0/7/44077021/answer_key.pdf · Chapter 1 • Understanding and Analysis Across Genres • ~ L-----~ "' m m m m m m Eli] 10 I became fascinated by
Page 3: ~Ifoytik.weebly.com/uploads/4/4/0/7/44077021/answer_key.pdf · Chapter 1 • Understanding and Analysis Across Genres • ~ L-----~ "' m m m m m m Eli] 10 I became fascinated by

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DIRECTIONS Read the selection below. Follow the instructions and answer the questions in the side column. They will help you understand how to read to master the TEKS.

Eagle Poem by Joy Harjo

To pray you open your whole self

@sky@earth@sun@moon

@one whole voice that is you.

An.d know there is more

That you can't see, can't hear;

Can't know except in moments

Steadily growing, and in languages

That aren't always sound but other

Circles of motion.

Like eagle that Sunday morning

Over Salt River. Circled in blue sky

In wind, swept our hearts clean

With~ wings.

We see you, see ourselves and know

That we must take the utmost care

And kindness i~ all things.

Breathe in, knowing we are made of

All this, and breathe, knowing

Read lines 0-D. Circle the word the poet repeats. What effect does this create?

It emphasizes the things to which you need to open yourself.

What words does the poet put in a parallel structure in lines D -O ? can 't see, can't hear, can 't know

Line ml introduces the controlling image. What is it?

an eagle circling overhead

Why do you think the poet uses the word sacred in line m? She wants to suggest that there is something almost holy or that transcends the

ordinary about the eagle.

Read lines m-m. Circle the word that reinforces the idea introduced by the word sacred?

s I Eill We are trul~because we

Were born, and die soon within a

True circle of motion, .... ::::r (1)

rn :::l OS u;· ::::r

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Like eagle rounding out the morning

Inside us.

We pray that it will be done

fiJ In beauty.

In beauty. Peoples Education Copying is illegal. Chapter 2 • Understanding and Analysis of Uterary Text 83

~ ~~.~~~.<:>~~ .~~~.~~~ .......................................................... .

M

DIRECTIONS Reread the selection. Mark it up as you like. Then answer the following questions.

1. According to the poet, in what way is life a circle?

There is a pattern of birth and death, for people, for nature, for all things.

2. What mood or feeling do you think is created by the diction and imagery in this poem? Explain.

They create a mood of peace and tranquility. The images are ones of beauty. There is nothinq to fear.

3. Read lines 14-16 aloud. Which words do you think should be stressed most strongly? Why?

Students' answers will vary but many may choose to emphasize the words

care and kindness, since these are qualities the poet finds important to life.

4. Why does the poet repeat "in beauty" at the end of the poem?

She wants to emphasize that the circle of life is beautiful.

English I • End-of.COUrse Co~ng is illegal. Measuring Upo to the English 1 End-of.Course Exam

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• GUIDED P RACTICE ··· ·· ···················· ······ ························································ ···

DIRECnONS Read the selection below. Follow the instructions and answer the questions in the side column. They will help you understand how to read to master the TEKS.

D

from The Musgrave Ritual by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

every centreOflili-wooden mant~then I begin to give myseU virtuous arrs. I have aJways held, too, that pistol practice should be distinctly an open-air pastime; and when Holmes, in one of his queer humours, would sit in an armchair with his hair-trigger and a hundred Boxer cartridges and proceed to adorn the opposite wall with a patriotic V. R. done in bullet -pocks, I felt strongly that neither the atmosphere nor the appearance of our room was improved by it.

D Our chambers were always full of chemicals and of criminal relics which had a way of wandering into unlikely positions, and of turning up in

' the butter-dish or in even less desirable places. But his papers were my great crux. (b) He had a horror of destroying documents, especially those which were connected with his past cases, and yet it was only once in every year or two that he would muster energy to docket and arrange them; for, as I have mentioned somewhere in these incoherent memoirs, the outbursts of passionate energy when he perfonned the remarkable feats with which his name is associated were followed by reactions of lethargy during which he would lie about with his violin and his books, hardly moving save from the sofa to the table. Thus month after month his papers accumulated until every corner of the room was stacked with bundles of manuscript Which were on no account to be burned, and which could not be put away save by their owner. One winter's night, as we sat together by the fire, I ventured to suggest to him that, as he had finished pasting extracts into his commonplace book, he might employ the next two

hours in making our room a little more habitable. He could not deny the justice of my request, so with a rather rueful faoe he went off to his bedroom, from which he returned presently pulling a large tin box behind him. This he placed in the middle of the floor, and, squatting down upon a stool in front of it, he threw back the lid. I could see that it was already a third full of bundles of paper tied up with red tape into separate packages.

Read sentence (a) in paragraph D . Circle traits you learn directly about Sherlock Holmes.

Continue reading paragraph D . Circle details that support Watson's assessment of Holmes' untidiness.

Read sentence (b) in paragraph D . What two contrasting traits does Watson mention about Holmes?

his outbursts of energy and

his letharqy

Peoples Education Copying is illegal. Chapter 2 • Understanding and Analysis of Literary Text at

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D "'There are cases enough here, Watson," said he, looking at me with

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mischievous eyes. "I think that if you knew all that I had in this box you would ask me to pull some out instead of putting others in."

"These are the records of your early work, then?" I asked. "'I have often wished that I had notes of those cases."

(c) "'Yes, my boy, these were all done prematurely before my biographer had rome to glorify me." He lifted bundle after bundle in a tender, caressing sort of way. 'They are not all successes, Watson," said he. "But there are some pretty little problems among them. Here's the record of the Tarleton murders, and the case of Yam berry, the wine merchant, and the adventure of the old Russian woman, and the singular affair of the aluminum crutch, as well as a full account of Ricoletti of the club-foot, and his abominable wife. And here--<lh, now, this really is something a little recherche. ·•

He dived his arm down to the bottom of the chest and brought up a small wooden box with a sliding lid such as children's toys are kept in. From within he produced a crumpled piece of paper, an old-fashioned brass key, a peg of wood with a ball of string attached to it, and three rusty old discs of metal.

"Well, my boy, what do you make of this lot?" he asked, smiling at

my expression.

"It is a curious collection."

"Very curious, and the story that hangs round it will strike you as being more curious still."

'These relics have a history, then?''

"So much so that they are history."

"What do you mean by that?"

Sherlock Holmes picked them up one hy one and laid them along the edge of the table. Then he resealed himself in his chair and looked them over with a gleam of satisfaction in his eyes.

"'These," said he, "are all that I have left to remind me of the adventure of the Musgrave Ritual."

I had heard him mention the case more than once, though I had never been able to gather the details. "I should be so glad," said I, "if you would give me an account of it.

"And leave the litter as it is?'' he cried mischievously. "'Your tidiness won't bear much strain, after all , Watson. But I should be glad that you should add this case to your annals, for there are points in it which make it quite unique in the criminal records of this or, I believe, of any other country. A collection of my trifling achievements would certainly be incomplete which contained no account of this very singular business.

*recherch~: fr French-rare, exquisite, exotic

English I • End-of-Course Copying is illegal.

Read sentence (c) in paragraph D . Watson, of course, is Holmes' biographer. How do you think Holmes would say this sentence? Why?

He would probably say it a

little sarcastically. He seems

to be teasing, or baiting,

Watson .

Read paragraphs ll-m . How do you think Watson is feeling? Why?

He is probably tryinQ to

contain his excitement.

After aiL he wants to get

his hands on those papers

so he can write about those

cases.

Meosurtn& Up- to the English I En<k>f.Course Exam

Page 6: ~Ifoytik.weebly.com/uploads/4/4/0/7/44077021/answer_key.pdf · Chapter 1 • Understanding and Analysis Across Genres • ~ L-----~ "' m m m m m m Eli] 10 I became fascinated by

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Page 7: ~Ifoytik.weebly.com/uploads/4/4/0/7/44077021/answer_key.pdf · Chapter 1 • Understanding and Analysis Across Genres • ~ L-----~ "' m m m m m m Eli] 10 I became fascinated by

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~ :-?.~.1!1.~~~ ~~~-~~~ .... ' ..................................................... . DHIECnoNS Reread the selection. Mark it up as you like. Then answer the following questions.

1. In what way is Watson a foil to Sherlock Holmes?

He isn't a great intellect. He tends to be bumbling and misunderstands the nuances of things. Whereas Holmes is extraordinary, Watson is ordinary.

2. Read paragraphs 3-4. Why does Holmes look at Watson with "mischievous" eyes?

Watson has just asked him to clean up and get rid of papers, but Holmes knows Watson would really love to get his hands on those pape-rs, so he's

temptinq Watson, or causinq mischief.

3. In paragraph 5. how do you think Holmes feels about his cases? Why?

He's proud of them. He lifts each bundle in a caressing way. He calls them "pretty little problems."

4. Read the last sentence of this excerpt.

A collection of my trilling achievements would certainly be incomplete which contained no account of this very singular business.

Rewrite it to show what Holmes really feels and means.

Sample answer: I've done many remarkable things, but solving this case

was an amazinq achievement and the story should be told.

Peoples Education Copying Is illegal. Chapter 2 • Understanding and Analysis of Literary Text 91

~ _s·~-~~~~~~- ......................... ·--· .............................. ........ .

12

D~ONS Read the aelectien below. Then annver the questions that follow.

Deep! by John Frizell

1 "Food poisoning and sea-sickness: that's a bad combination," said Dr. Watts in ~

2 The sky ~as cerulean and there was a 2-knot breeze blowing across the sparkling waters of the Gulf. But as soon as the RV Resolute had stopped to launch the submersible, the ship had started rolling and it was too much for poor Mark. Dr. Watts' star graduate student was holding the rails with both hands and throwing up. Grace noticed that Mark, who had been to sea many times before, had retained the presence of mind to get himself to the lee side so that nothing blew back on him.

3 "You won't be over that soon," said Watts with a strained look on his face. He thought for a moment and almost automatically began to speak. "This dive has been planned for months. I need someone to go down with me now." Then he looked directly at Grace. "Do you want to take Mark's seat on the dive? All interns are cleared to dive in the sub, should we need them."

4 Could she be hearing correctly? Did the chief oceanographer at Forest Hole Research Center just ask her to make this dive with him?

5 "I'm sure you understand that we can't hold uP this dive," he said apologetically to Mark, who appeared too queasy at the moment to even care.

6 "But I'm just an intern," Grace said humbly. "I'm not really trained."

7 Grace was trembling, but she had signed on for this internship and hoped one day to be an oceanographer herself. It would be great experience, and she had faith in Watts' reputation, although his deme!lJlOr was sometimes gruff. Without responding, she put on the required gear, climbed into the sub, and began almost immediately to have second thoughts. There was no proper interior in the submersible; she was seated in something a bit bigger than a large garbage can, but one made of thick, shiny steel. There was no space to move around. Watts was in a second can, welded to the sub, with no connection to hers. Her head and shoulders stuck out and she could hear the Resolute's crew talking as they went through the pre-dive procedure.

8 "Closing up now," a deckhand said. A massive acrylic dome, inches thick, swung down

9

10

11

from behind and sealed her off from the outside world. Suddenly, it was perfectly quiet; she could see the crew, but she couldn't hear them. She felt trapped.

"Uh, Dr. Watts," she said into her microphone. "Where is the emergency release in case I have to get out quickly?"

"It's the red one to the upper right. But don't even touch it unless I tell you to. The crew will get us out when we surface. This is new to you and probably scary, Grace. But this sub has been down to 1,600 feet more than 50 times. Don't worry; it's fail-safe."

Grace could hear a winch engine whine through the thick steel and acrylic. Abruptly, the deep-sea rover was jerked into the air. It seemed to descend straight toward the water, dip into it for a moment, and then pop back out as the ship's roll took it up, and then submerged it entirely. After a neck-snapping jolt, she sensed a physical sinking feeling.

English I • End-of.Course Copying is illegal. ~ring Up- to the English I End-of.Course Exam

Page 8: ~Ifoytik.weebly.com/uploads/4/4/0/7/44077021/answer_key.pdf · Chapter 1 • Understanding and Analysis Across Genres • ~ L-----~ "' m m m m m m Eli] 10 I became fascinated by
Page 9: ~Ifoytik.weebly.com/uploads/4/4/0/7/44077021/answer_key.pdf · Chapter 1 • Understanding and Analysis Across Genres • ~ L-----~ "' m m m m m m Eli] 10 I became fascinated by

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~ ~~~?.~?. ~~~-~~~ .................. ............................................. . DIRECTIONS Read the selection below. Follow the instructions and answer the questions in the side column. They will help you understand how to read to master the TEKS.

0118 Perfect Rose by Dorothy Parker

A single flow'r he sent me, since we met.

Alll&rukrly his messenger he chose:

Deep-hearted pure, with scented dew still wet-+

One perfect rose.

"My fragile leaves," it said, "his heart enclose."

Love long had taken for his amulet

One perfect rose.

Why is it no one ever sent me yet

Em One perfect limousine, do you suppose?

Ah no, it's always just my luck to get

One perfect rose.

In line D , why does the speaker use the word tenderly?

She is indicating the suitor's

affection for her.

In the second stanza, circle the line that indicates that the speaker understands full well how to interpret the gift's meaning.

What is the tone created by the language in the first and second stanza?

It's flowery and romantic. It

sounds like a love poem.

How does the tone change in the last stanza?

It becomes more sarcastic.

~ ~~.1!1.~~~ ~~~.~~~- ............ . ; ........................... ...... .......... . DIRECTIONS Reread the selection. Mark it up as you like. Then answer the following questions.

1. In lines 1-4, how do you expect the speaker to feel about receiving the rose?

You expect her to be overjoyed by this expression of love.

2. If the rose represents love, what do you think the limousine represents?

wealth; money; luxury

3. How is the way the words "one perfect rose" are used different in line 4 than in line 12?

In line 4, the words seem to describe a gift the speaker appreciates. In line 12, the

reader knows they describe a gift for which the speaker has no use or appreciation.

4. In what way is this poem an example of irony?

The speaker seems to mean one thing, but she really means just the opposite.

Peoples Education Copying is illegal. Chapter 2 • Understanding and Analysis of Uterary Text us I I ue Erclish I • End-of.Course Copying is Illegal. Meosurtog Up- to the English I End-of.Course Exam

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-·-·--·-----~-·~--······----------------------------------------·

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What is the best way to rewrite sentence 2 in the active voice?

0 Of course, I knew the story of this wily adventurer fmding his way back to Ithaca from Troy.

B Of course, the story of this wily adventurer who finds his way back to Ithaca from Troy was known to me.

C Of course, the story was one I knew of this wily adventurer finding his way back to Ithaca from Troy.

D No change should be made in sentence 2. [TEKS D.17(Ai)]

2 What change, if any, should be made in sentence 6?

A Change presents to presenting

B Change aging to aged

@ Change had to has

D No change should be made in sentence 6.

[TEKS D.17(Ai)]

3 What change, if any, should be made in sentence 11?

A Change thought to was thinking

B Change saw to see

C Changed revealed to reveal

@ No change should be made to sentence 11.

[TEKS D.17(Ai)]

Peoples Education Copying is illegal.

- ~

4 Which of these, if any, is the best way to change sentence 18?

A No matter what stands in their way to keep trying is something that has to be done by people.

B To keep trying people have to do no matter what stands in the way of people.

@ People have to keep trying no matter what stands in their way.

D No change should be made to sentence 18.

r-EKS D.17(Ai)]

5 What change, if any, should be made in sentence 27?

A Change is to was

B Change seeking to to seek

C Change makes to made

@ No change should be made to sentence 27.

[TEKS D.17(Ai)]

6 What change, if any, should be made in sentence 28?

A Change to find to finding

B Change to achieve to achieve

@ Change succeeding to to succeed

D No change should be made to sentence 28. [TEKS D.17(Ai)]

Chapter 6 • Edrting

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-., Edit to Correct Problems with Active and Passive Tense and Verbals

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I DIRECTIONS Answer the following questions based on the selection you just read.

7 Which of these is the best way to combine sentences 7-9 to improve the style?

A Ruling his kingdom is boring, so he wants to push off and adventure is what he seeks.

B He is bored with ruling his kingdom, and pushing off is what he wants and seeking adventures.

C Bored by ruling his kingdom and longing to push oft; adventure is what he seeks.

@ Bored by ruling his kingdom, he longs to push off and seek adventure.

[TEKS D.13(C)]

8 Which of these, if any, is the best way to rewrite sentence 15?

240

A The goal he holds is never to yield.

@ He is a man who never will yiefd.

C Never to yield is his goal.

D No revision is needed. [TEKS D.13(C)]

English I • End-of-Course

-Copying is illegal.

9 Which word should be added at the beginning of sentence 21 to provide a smooth transition? ·

0 Nevertheless

B Whereas

C Therefore

D As a result

[TEKS D.l3(C)]

10 Which of these would be the most effective sentence to add to conclude this essay?

A I have taken these words to heart.

B Tennyson's poem provides a powerful lesson for all of us today.

@ More than anything, never give up.

D So tell yourself over and over again to strive, seek, and find.

[TEKS D.13(C)]

~ng Upe to the English I End-of-Course Exam

J

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~ Lesson 29 Edit to Correct Problems with Restrictive

and Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses c n Q)

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A clause is a group of words that has a verb and a subject. When you,edit your writing, make sure you use clauses correctly.

An Independent or main clause expresses a complete thought. It can stand by itself as a sentence, or it can be linked to another clause.

A dependent or subordinate clause does not express a complete idea so it must be linked to an independent clause.

Early oeople had to keep a fire gojng all the tjme, which demanded close supervision and watchfulness.

jndeoendent clause dependent clause

An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun or a pronoun. It is also called a relative ca-... Usually, it begins with a relative pronoun: that, which, who, whom, whose.

They want to see the movie that was reyjewed in yesterday's pacer.

An adjective clause can be restrictive or nonrestrictive.

A restrictive clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence. It limits or restricts the meaning of the word it modifies.

.. The students who worked as interns last year are the ones to hire.

This sentence tells you which students will be hire~ot any students, but only the ones who worked as interns last year.

A nonrestrictive clause provides additional information, but it is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. Since a restrictive clause is not necessary (although it may be interesting), it is set off with commas.

Our stay at the dude ranch, whjch I didn't think I would enjoy. turned out to be great.

You can buy it at Christie's QuikMart, whjch js just down the street.

j ·

~ ~~~?.~?. ~-~~.·~: ............................. .................................. . DIRECTIONS Read the selection below. Answer the questions in the side column. They will help you understand how to master the TEKS.

My Perfect Place by Kelsey Vacca

(1) Everyone has a perfect place, a place that spells magic for them.

(2) For me, that perfect place is Captiva Islan4,_which is off the western

coast of Florida. (3) What makes a place perfect to me? (4) Well, to my

mind, there are th{ee key ingredients: sun, sand, and wate~ Wluch I

think of the three S's or ellential~.

(6) I love that feeling of sun on my face and the way it warms my

body. (7) Of course, I know}that too much sun is a health hazard, which

means that I take precautions. (8) Like every intelligent personf(!ij yVho

goes out in the sun, I lather up with sun screen. (10) My mom bought

me a couple of shirts last yeru}that have special UV protection. (11) I

wear a purple polka dot cap with a big visol;-. which I think looks cool but

my friends think makes me look silly. (12) Th any event, I'm prepared for

the sun, and I enjoy it mightily.

Cilllded Q..tl••• Why did the writer add a comma in sentence (2)?

There is a nonrestrictive clause. Explain the change to sentences (4) and (5).

Since 5 is a dependent clause, it needs to be connected to an independent clause. Since it is nonrestrictive, it needs a comma before it. Why did the writer remove the comma in sentence (7)?

"that too much sun is a health

hazard" is a restrictive clause. Why did the writer combine sentence (8) and (9)?

The dependent clause "who qoes out in the sun" is essential and needs to be connected to the noun it modifies-person.

Why did the writer remove the comma in sentence (10)?

"that have special UV protection" is a restrictive clause that should not be separated by a comma. Why did the writer add a comma in sentence ( 11)?

This separates the

nonrestrictive clause.

!-1 Peo~es Educ&Uon I Chapter 6 • Editing 2411 I 242 English I • En<klf.Course Copying Is Illegal. Copying Is Illegal. Mrasunng UpO to the English I En<!<>f-Course Exam

..... N .....

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ITI ::J ca iii' ::r

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~ ~~-·~·-~~~ ~~~-~~~ .......................................................... . DIRECTIONS Continue reading the story. Make the changes indicated .

(13) Sand is another ingredient. (14) That I find essential.

I. Rewrite sentences 13 and 14 to correct the problem.

Sand is another inoredient that I find essential.

(15) I find the warm squishy feel of sand between my toes as I walk along the white sandy beach

delightful, and I enjoy stopping to watch the waves roll in. (16) It's a joy to wander and pick up all of the

many sea shells. (17) Whose shapes and colors delight me.

2. Rewrite sentences 16 and 17 to correct the problem.

It's a joy to wander and pick up all of the many sea shells whose shapes

and colors deliaht me.

(18) In fact, I have a collection of shells that came from Captiva at home in Fredericksburg.

{19) Which is far from any ocean beach.

3 . Rewrite sentences 18 and 19 to correct the problem.

In fact I have a collection of shells that came from Captiva at home in

Fredericksburg, which is far from any ocean beach.

(20) Fredericksburg whose rolling hills offer their own delights is a great place to live. (21) I ride

horses with friends , who are all better riders than I, and delight in taking walks through fields blanketed

with the most glorious wildflowers. (22) However, what I do miss is water-ocean water.

4. Rewrite sentence 20 to correct the problem.

Fredericksburq, whose rolling hills offer their own delights, is a great

place to live.

(23) There is nothing I like to do better than swim in the ocean. (24) The water is. that perfect

temperature. (25) It's not like bathwater. (26) Which is too warm, but it's not chilly either. (27) I swim

out and then ride the waves back to shore, completely enjoying my perfect place.

5. Rewrite sentences 25 and 26 to correct the problem.

It's not like bathwater, which is too warm, but it's not chilly either.

Measurtn& UpO to the English I En<klf.Course Exam

Chapter 6 • Editing 24S I I 244 English I • End-<>! -Course Copying Is Illegal.

0 !:; I Peoples Education <A>i>Y'"II ,. .,..,..,. ~ \ I L----------------------------------------------------------Copying •- .. , ___ ,

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II Edit to Correct Problems with Capitalization, Punctuation, and Spelling

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~ ~J?.I!I.<_>~:':l: ~~~.~~~ .......................................................... . ~DIRECTIONS Continue reading the essay. Correct all capitalization, spelling, I and punctuation errors.

I How little it takes to upset the equilibrum of a tidy little town. Only

1\ a """~taY.f

one person has the cour¢ge to ask Hooper directly why he~ the veil­/\

his Fiancee, Elizabeth. Hooper tells her-and the reader-that he is not

doing penance for any specific sin but for human sin in general-the sins

we all bear. Elizabeth can"\ take it and begs him to show her his face, but 1\

he wo~ and she leaves. Hopper obeying his personal vow spends the rest 1\ 4 r;.

a . I

of his life lonely behind his black veil an object of dre.¢d and curosity. I} 1\ 1\

? Is !J:awthorne saying that people can't take the trut~ Is he saying

that even our loved ones can acompany us only so far in our private

eyr , journies? Either interpretation adds to the reade~ feeling,.Jthat the author,

~ ~R ~ by c0vering his protagonis~ face, is uncovering deep and pmaiful realitys.

On his deathbed, Hooper finally delivers his ultimate insight into

e the causes and Jrlfects of his wearing the vh/L For him it has been a sign

1\ ~

of mo~g for a world{in which everyone hides sins and everyone lives 1\

?- ,. falsely. I look around me, and, lo!, on every visage a Black Veil! he cries

1\ with his last breatht- It is as if he, who points it out, is shunned. This is a

disturbing lesson from a sunny little ';,ormal,~erican town.

, Edit to .r orrect ':loblz.ms with Capitalization, Punctuation, and Spelling

~ _s_~-~~~~~~-- ... .. .. ... .. .. ; ...................................... ... ...... .. . DIRECTIONS Read the following passage. Then answer the questions that follow.

In response to a class assignment to explain how to do something, Guy wrote these i'!-5tructions. He has asked you to read the instructions and edit them.

How to Make an Omelette by Guy Collins

(1) My goal is to open a resturant and become a world-famous chef. (2)

I grew up reading Julia Child's cookbook, "The Joy of Cooking," the way

other kids read mysteries. (3) With my mother and father's help, I used to

try out a different recipe each weekend, and with each new dish, I grew

better and better. (4) "You have a natural talent for this," Dad said. (5) This

was real praise, since Dad owns the most successful restaurant in town.

(6) To make extra money, a course is taught by me at the local Y to

other teenagers. (7) The first thing, that I tell them is that cooking is easy

as long as you start with good ingredients, develop the best techniques,

and follow the directions. (8) Once you know how to cook, you can, of

course, improvise.

(9) I always start with the simple egg. (1 0) My students glance at one

another, thinking, "Who can't prepare an egg?" (11) A well prepared egg is

wonderful, but a well made omelette is heaven.

Peoples Education Copying Is Illegal. Chapter 6 • Editing 2711 I 272· English I • En<klf.COUrse Copying Is Illegal. Meoaurtng Upo to the English I En<klf.COUrse Exam

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