Changed focus of U.S. foreign policy overnight. The war on
terrorism became central concern of Bush administration. Was no war
on terrorism before 9-11.
Slide 3
Characterized attacks as more than acts of terror, they were
acts of war. We will make no distinction between the terrorists who
committed these acts and those who harbor them. Viewed war on
terrorism with moral clarity - as a war between good and evil.
Bush's speech to nation on 9-11 Bush speech to Congress on
9-20
Slide 4
Every nation, in every region, now has a decision to make:
Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists. Recruited
worldwide coalition to fightwar on terrorism. This war on terrorism
wont end until every terrorist group with global reach... has been
defeated.
Slide 5
Strong support from U.S. allies. NATO invoked Article 5 of its
charter for the first and only time!
Slide 6
Slide 7
New alliances based on shared interests and on geopolitics
(realpolitik). Pakistan Former Soviet republics in Central Asia.
Northern Alliance fighters in Afghanistan Russia and China Improved
relations with some former foes. Yemen Sudan Iran
Slide 8
Slide 9
Military retaliation against al Qaeda and Taliban regime
providing safe haven to bin Laden. Unconventional war fought by:
CIA operatives & U.S. Special Forces. Northern Alliance allies.
Supported by U.S. airpower.
Slide 10
Al Qaeda bases destroyed. Taliban defeated and removed from
power. New pro-Western Afghan government put in place. Most Taliban
and al Qaeda leaders escaped into neighboring Pakistan.
Afghanistans new president Hamid Karsai
Slide 11
Slide 12
Slide 13
War on terrorism has been a global campaign with no boundaries
- and no end in sight. Al Qaeda and its affiliates span the globe.
Requires U.S. assistance to -- and from -- many other governments.
Has meant an expanded U.S. military presence throughout the
world.
Slide 14
Slide 15
London 2005 Madrid 2004 Bali 2002 Morocco 2011
Slide 16
Slide 17
2002 State of the Union speech President Bush expanded scope of
war on terrorism to include rogue states possessing or devel- oping
WMD. Said an Axis of Evil existed in the world today: Iran Iraq
North Korea
Slide 18
Accused all three states of seeking WMDs and said U.S. would do
whatever was necessary to keep these states from acquiring such
weapons. Accused all three countries of having links with terrorist
groups. Bush's 2002 State of the Union Address
Slide 19
Some U.S. allies had strong reservations about expand- ing war
on terrorism against these states. None of these countries had been
linked to Sept. 11. Concerns over what the U.S. planned next
especially in regards to Iraq.
Slide 20
Slide 21
Slide 22
Slide 23
The Bush Doctrine, a new post 9-11 defense strategy was first
spelled out in this document. Identified greatest threat facing the
U.S. and the world today: Terrorist networks with global reach
coexisting with rogue states possessing WMD. Warned that terrorists
might soon acquire these WMD and use them against the U.S.
Slide 24
Doctrine asserted that U.S. must defend itself by acting
preemptively against these terrorists and rogue states. Meant
striking against our enemies before they can use their WMD against
us.
Slide 25
Asserted right to act against emerging threats before they are
fully formed -- not just immediate threats Controversial
interpretation of the tradition right to self- defense. Why?
Slide 26
Sounded more like preventive war, not preemption. Whats the
difference? Preemption involves the use of force to stop an
imminent threat. Prevention involves the use of force to stop
potential or future threats.
Slide 27
What does current international law allow? International law
allows preemptive military action in self defense if the threat of
attack is imminent. Preventive war in the absence of an imminent
threat is NEVER permitted and is considered an act of
aggression.
Slide 28
Slide 29
Slide 30
The invasion of Iraq in March, 2003, was the only application
of the Bush Doctrine.
Slide 31
Rationale for war was based on threat posed by Iraqs WMD and
its supposed support for terrorism... but Iraq hadnt attacked the
U.S. and wasnt threatening to attack the U.S.