Cardiovascular System - BloodTopics in Human Pathophysiology Fall 2011Gilead Drug Safety and Public Health

Outline

Antiviral agents

Overview of cardiovascular system

Blood Overview Plasma Red blood cells Platelets

Viral Therapies of Gilead

NRTIs - nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors: Viread (tenofovir), EMTRIVA® (emtricitabine) ,

HBV polymerase inhibitor - Viread (tenofovir), Hepsera® (adefovir dipivoxil)

Non nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors - Efavirenz (packaged with emtricitabine and tenofovir to make Atripla)

Cardiovascular system

Consists of heart, blood vessels, blood

Blood transports water, nutrients, wastes, chemical messengers, oxygen, carbon dioxide

Blood protects us from bleeding, and pathogens

CV system is interdependent on skeletal system, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system

Blood

Consists of: Plasma: water, ions, nutrients, gases, wastes,

proteins. Red Blood Cells – erythrocytes White Blood Cells – leukocytes Platelets - thrombocytes

Figure 7.2

Blood Components

Some Disorders Related to Plasma

Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances

Acidosis and Alkalosis

Edema

Infection - Sepsis

Clotting Disorders

Lipid Disorders

Erythrocytes

Hemoglobin

Figure 7.4

Antigen-Antibody Interactions

Blood Types

Blood Cell Genesis

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Anemias

Blood Type mismatching – Acute Hemolytic Reaction

Hemolytic Reaction of the Newborn

Blood Doping - polycythemia

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Platelets

Stages of Hemostasis

Disorders of Clotting

Thrombi and Emboli

Hemophilia

Thrombocytopenia

Impaired Liver Function

White Blood Cells - Leukocytes

Protect against pathogens by:

causing inflammation and fever

phagocytosing pathogens

creating antibodies to tag pathogens for destruction

killing pathogens in other ways

Creating a cadre of cells to fight reinfection by specific pathogens (immune memory)