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СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ

Книга четвърта СТРАНСТВАЩИТЕ НАРОДИ

Първа част: ПОЯВА НА БАЛКАНСКИЯ ТИП ЧОВЕК

Ñúõðàíÿâàùèÿò ñå èìïåðñêè ãðàä. „Ïîõèùåíèåòî“ íà Åâðîïà. Ïúðâàòà ñâåòîâíîèñòîðè÷åñêà äúðæàâà. Ñáëúñúêúò Èçòîê (àñó) — Çàïàä (åðåá). Ïîÿâà íà „æåëåçíèòå õîðà“. .............................................11

„Òëúñòîïî÷âåíà“ Òðàêèÿ è Âåëèêîòî ïðåñåëåíèå íà íàðîäèòå. Áàëêàíèçàöèÿ (ãðúêî-ñëàâÿíñêàòà ñèìáèîçà). Áúëãàðè è ñúðáè, àëáàíöè è âëàñè. ............................................................................................21

Áúëãàðè â Ìàëà Àçèÿ. Èìïåðèÿòà íà îñìàíöèòå: ñèñòåìà íà ìèëåòèòå. Êðàé íà äåâøèðìåòî. Âçàèìîîòíîøåíèÿòà ïðàâîñëàâèå — èñëÿì................................................................................................................ 32

Êàòîëè÷åñêè îðäåíè íà Áàëêàíèòå. Âçàèìîîòíîøåíèÿòà ïðîòåñòàíòñòâî — ïðàâîñëàâèå. ................................................................42

Îìðàçàòà: ïðàâîñëàâèå — êàòîëèöèçúì. Filioque. Ñõèçìè, ñúáîðè è óíèè. „Äåãåíåðèðàëàòà ðàñà“. Ìåæäó „âðåìå“ è „âå÷íîñò“: Íèêîëàé îò Êóçà. Ïàòðèàðõ Êèðèë Ëóêàðèñ è éåçóèòèòå ..................................45

Втора част: ПАВЛИКЯНИТЕ

Èùàð, Åíêè è Ìàðäóê. Àõóðà Ìàçäà è Àíãðà Ìàéíþ. Ïðîðîêúò Ìàíè (210 — 276). Ìàíèõåéñêàòà öúðêâà ...............................71

Âúçíèêâàíå íà ïàâëèêÿíñòâîòî: Ïàâåë îò Ñàìîñàòà ...........................79Êàòîëè÷åñêè íàòèñê íà Èçòîê. Îò Òðèäåíòñêèÿ ñúáîð äî „Ñâ. Ëóäâèã“. Èçãàðÿíå íà Çîãðàôñêèòå ìú÷åíèöè. Êóñòîäèÿ Áúëãàðèÿ: 1385 — 1400 ãîäèíà. Ñàñè ................................................................................83

Ïðåñåëåíèÿ íà Áàëêàíèòå: VIII — Õ âåê. Ìèòè÷íèÿò ãðàä Àëåêñåîïîë. Çàïàäíèòå åðåñè è Èçòîêà: „Õàðòàòà íà Íèêèòà“. Ëàíãåäîê ............91

Áîñíåíñêèòå êàòîëèöè. Ïàâëèêÿíè íà ñåâåð îò Ïëîâäèâ: ÕV è ÕVI âåê. „Çàâðúùàíåòî“. Ðîäúò Êíåæåâè÷ — Ïàð÷åâè÷. ×èïðîâåö. Ñòðàíñòâàíèÿòà íà åäíà èêîíà ..............................................................104

Ïîäíîâåíàòà îìðàçà. Êàòîëè÷åñêè ìèñèîíåðè â Òðàêèÿ. Îñîáåíàòà âÿðà. Ïàâëèêÿíè è õðîíèêè. Ïåòúð Áîãäàí Áàêøåâ â Ïëîâäèâ ...........117

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Трета част: ДУБРОВНИК В ПЛОВДИВ

Õúðâàòèòå. Äóáðîâíèê ïðåç Ñðåäíîâåêîâèåòî. Ïðèâèëåãèðîâàíèÿò ãðàä. ............................................................................................................... 138

Ìåæäó Èçòîêà è Çàïàäà. Êîëîíèñòè â îñìàíñêàòà åïîõà. Ïëîâäèâñêàòà äóáðîâíèøêà êîëîíèÿ ïðåç ÕVI â. ...................................148

Ëèíãâèñòè è ïå÷àòíèöè. Äðàìàòóðçè, ïîåòè è õóìàíèñòè. Ïëîâäèâñêàòà òúðãîâñêà êîëîíèÿ ïðåç ÕVII â. Óïàäúêúò. Ìèñèîíåðè .................................................................................167

Четвърта част: ЕВРЕИТЕ

Åâðåèòå â Àíòè÷íîñòòà. Ðèì, Àëåêñàíäðèÿ è Êòåçèôîí. Ïðåñåëåíèÿ íà Áàëêàíèòå. Ïúðâàòà ñèíàãîãà. Âúâ Âèçàíòèÿ.  äâîðà íà àðàáñêèòå õàëèôè. Ðàáàíèòè è êàðàèìè. Áàãäàòèäè, ðàäõàíèòè è ñèðè. Èáåðèÿ: „çëàòíèÿò âåê“. Îò Àòëàíòèêà äî Êèòàé. Ïðåâîäà÷åñêè øêîëè â Òîëåäî è Ñåâèëÿ. Ìàéìîíèä. Êàáàëà ...............181

 ïðàâîñëàâíèÿ ñâÿò. Ãîíåíèÿ â Çàïàäíà Åâðîïà. Ãåòà. Äîí Èñààê Àáðàâàíåë è Êîëóìá. Åäèêòúò. ................................................................205

Ïðåñåëåíèÿ. Êîëîíèè ïîä çàêðèëàòà íà ñóëòàíà. Ñåôàðàäè, àøêåíàçèìè, ìàðàíè, ðîìàíüîòè. Ïëîâäèâñêèòå åâðåè ......................217

Ëåêàðè, ôèíàíñèñòè è äèïëîìàòè. Ó÷èëèùà è ïå÷àòíèöè.................230

Ñåôàðàäñêàòà îáùèíà â Ïëîâäèâ. Åâðåèòå â õðîíèêèòå. Òúðãîâöè. Âÿðâàíèÿ è îáè÷àè. Ðàâèíè è ñèíàãîãè. Äüîíìåòàòà íà ñàáàòàé Öâè. Êðàÿò íà ÕVII â. — îòíîâî íà Çàïàä ..........................245

Пета част: АРМЕНЦИТЕ

Îò Íîé äî Õàéã. Õðèñòèÿíñòâî (301 ã.). Àçáóêà (404 ã.). Ëåòîáðîåíå. Ìîâñåñ Õîðåíàöè. Àãàòàíãåõîñ. Ôèëîñîôè, èñòîðèöè è ïîåòè. Ðàííè ïðåñåëåíèÿ íà Áàëêàíèòå ............................281

Ìåæäó Ðèì è Âèçàíòèÿ. Êèëèêèéñêà Àðìåíèÿ. Òðèòå êàëîòèêîñà. Ïðåñåëåíèÿ â äíèòå íà êðúñòîíîñöèòå. Õàéòîí. Îñíîâàâàíå íà Áà÷êîâñêèÿ ìàíàñòèð. (1083 ã.).  ÕII — ÕIV â.: õàëêåäîíèòè, àïîñòîëèöè è „åðåòèöè“. Ìèñèè äî Àðìåíèÿ è Ðèì. ..........................297

 äíèòå íà ñåëäæóêèòå. Ïúòåïèñúò íà Øèëòáåðãåð: âÿðâàíèÿ, ðèòóàëè è ëåãåíäè. Àðìåíöè â Ïëîâäèâ. Àðìåíñêàòà ïàòðèàðøèÿ (1461). ....................................................................................314

Ïðåñåëåíèå â Ïëîâäèâ ñëåä 1453 ã. Â Çàïàäíà Åâðîïà è Ïåðñèÿ. Êåðâàíè è õðîíèêè. „Ëåêàðÿò íà ëåêàðèòå“ Àìèðäîâëàò Àìàñèàöè .............................................................................323

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Ïå÷àòíè êíèãè. Ìîíåòàðíèöè è ñàðàôè. Àðìåíñêàòà ïàòðèàðøèÿ. ÕVII â. — ãîëÿìîòî ïðåñåëåíèå. Õðîíèêàòà íà Ëåõàöè .........................335

Ïëîâäèâñêàòà àðìåíñêà îáùèíà. Öúðêâàòà „Ñóðï Êåâîðê“. Ìúõèòàðèñòè îò îñòðîâ Ñåí Ëàçàð. „Ïèñìî îò Ôèëèáå“. Âèøàáè è áîãîâå. Îòèøëîòî ñè ÷îâå÷åñòâî ..............................................................350

Книга пета . ПРАВОСЛАВНИЯТ ЧОВЕК

Първа част: ВАВИЛОНСКАТА КУЛА

Æèçíåíèòå ïîêîëåíèÿ. Öâåòîâåòå. Âòîðàòà ðåëèãèÿ. Äóõúò íà îòðèöàíèåòî. Îáîæåñòâÿâàíèÿò ñâÿò. Çíà÷åíèåòî íà åäèí ñúí .....377

Ïîêîëåíèÿ áåç ïðåäèèñòîðèÿ. Ñèñòåìàòà „êàïú êóëó“. Ïàêñ Îòîìàíèêà. Áúëãàðè, ãúðöè è ñúðáè âåëèêè âåçèðè. Ìåõìåä Ñîêîëëó è Èïåê. Ìàðà Áðàíêîâè÷. Õðèñòèÿíè â ìþñþëìàíñòâîòî ........................................................................................399

Втора част: ПРАВОСЛАВНАТА ОБЩИНА

Ñîôðîíèé Âðà÷àíñêè, Ïðîòà Íåíàäîâè÷ è Êîíñòàíòèí Äàïîíòèñ: äîíàöèîíàëíèÿò ìàíòàëòåò. Ïúòóâàùèòå õîðà. „Îòâîðåíàòà ñèñòåìà“ íà ïðàâîñëàâíàòà îáùíîñò. Ñóëè, Ìåíåëîí è Ïèíä. Àãðàôÿ — „íåðèãèñòðèðàíèòå çåìè“ .......................................................420

Ïðàâîñëàâíî ñìîóïðàâëåíèå íà Ïëîâäèâ. „Áëàãîðîäíåéøè àðõîíòè“. „Òðèòå ðåäà“. Ìèòðîïîëèòñêèÿò ñúä. Îôèêèàëè. Ïóáëè÷íîñò íà áèòèåòî ........................................................430

Трета част: ПРАВОСЛАВНАТА МИТРОПОЛИЯ

Îáùîòî ïðîñòðàíñòâî: ïàòðèàðøèè è äèîöåçè. Ïàòðèàðñè, áåðàòè è ïåøêåøè. Ïðèâèëåãèè è çàáðàíè. Äàðåíèÿ è àôîðåñ ..........447

„Ïîäíîâÿâàíèÿòà“ íà õðàìîâåòå. Áàëêàíñêèòå íîâîìú÷åíèöè ..........470

Четвърта част: ЕСНАФИТЕ

Ðåêà Ìàðèöà è ñâåòúò íà Åãåÿ. „Êíèãà íà åïàðõà“. Ïúòèùà, ïàíàèðè è ïðèñòàíèùà. „Èçòî÷íàòà“ òúðãîâèÿ â Õ — ÕI â. Òðèóìôè è àêëàìàöèè ................................................................................................... 480

Âçèìîïðîíèêâàùèÿò ñå ñâÿò. „Ôóòóâà“. Óìàð Ñóõðàâàðäè. Áðàòñòâà íà àõèòå â åïîõàòà íà ñåëäæóêèòå. Øåñòâèÿ íà îñìàíñêèòå ãèëäèè ...................................................................................... 487

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Ñâåòöè-ïîêðîâèòåëè íà òðóäà. Àõè Åâðàí Âåëè. Ìàéñòîðè, êàëôè è ÷èðàöè. Çàêîíè çà ìèíèòå. Ñóëòàíè è çàíàÿòè ....................495

„Ñìÿíà íà ñèìâîëèòå“. Êîíäèêà íà ïëîâäèâñêèòå àáàäæèè. Ïå÷àòè è àâòîíîìèÿ. Òåñòèðè è ïðàçíèöè ............................................505

Пета част: КЕСИЙКИ ОТ ПЕРГАМЕНТОВИ РЪКОПИСИ

Áëÿñêàâèÿò ÕIV âåê. Òåîäîð Ìåòîõèò è õðàìúò „Õîðà“. Èñèõàçúì. Slavia Orthodoxa. Ìèñòðà è Àòîí, Ñîëóí è Ìåòåîðà, Äå÷àíè è Òúðíîâî. „Áîæèåòî íàêàçàíèå“ ...............................................527

Âèñøàòà ïàòðèàðøåñêà àêàäåìèÿ. Êíèæíèíà íà Áàëêàíèòå. Øêîëè â Êðèò è Òèâà. Ïîåòè â Àëáàíèÿ è Ãúðöèÿ. „Íå èñêàì òâîÿòà ìúäðîñò ïðåä Õðèñòîâèÿ êðúñò“ ..........................541

Åïîñè è îáùîáàëêàíñêè ãåðîè. Êíèæíèíà â ÕVII â. Áèáëèîòåêè. Ïå÷àòíèöè è êíèãè. Ïðåäóïðåæäåíèåòî íà ä-ð Èâ. Ñåëèìèíñêè. Äàìàñêèíè ..................................................................................................... 556

„Ïèñàõìå äà ñå çíàå“ ..................................................................................572

Áàëêàíèòå è Êîðîíîâàíà Åâðîïà: „ïàíêðåàñúò“. „Ëú÷èòå íà ïðîñâåòåíà Åâðîïà... äà ìå ñòîïëÿò“ .....................................................585

Áåëåæêè .....................................................................................................................594

Èìåíåí ïîêàçàëåö ..................................................................................................630

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CONTENTS

B o o k f o u r . T H E W A N D E R I N G P E O P L E S

Part one: EMERGENCE OF THE BALKAN TYPE OF MAN

The self-preserving imperial town. The “invasion” of Europe. The fi rst world state. The clash East (Asu)-West (Ereb). Emergence of the “iron people”. ..................... 11

The fertile soil of Thrace and the Migration Period. Balkanization (the Greek-Slavic symbiosis). Bulgarians and Serbs, Albanians and Vlachs. ........................ 21

Bulgarians in Anatolia. The empire of the Ottomans: system of millets. End of the Dervishme. The Orthodoxy-Islam relations. ......................................................... 32

Catholic orders in the Balkans. The Protestantism-Orthodoxy relations. ............ 42

Hatred: Orthodoxy-Catholicism. Filoque. Schisms, councils and uniats. The “degraded race”. Between “time” and “eternity”. Nicholas of Cusa. The Patriarch Cyril Lucaris and the Jesuits. ............................................................................... 45

Part two: THE PAULICIANS

Ishtar, Enki and Marduk. Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu. The prophet Mani (210-276). The Manichean Church. ...................................................................... 71

The origins of Paulicanism: Paul of Samosata. .................................................... 79

Catholic pressure to the East. From the Council of Trent to “Saint Ludwig”. The burning of the Zograph martyrs. Custodia Bulgaria: 1385-1400. Sassi. ..... 83

Migrations in the Balkans: VIII-X c. The mythical town of Alexeopolis. The Western heresies and the East: the Nikita’s charter. Languedoc. .................. 91

The Bosnian catholics. Paulicians north of Plovdiv: XV and XVI c. The “return”. The family of Knezhevich-Parchevich. Chiprovets. The wanderings of an icon. ..................................................................................104

Resumed hatred. Catholic missionaries in Thrace. The peculiar faith. Paulicians and chronicles. Petar Bogdan Bakshev in Plovdiv. .......................... 117

Part three: DUBROVNIK IN PLOVDIV

The Croats. Dubrovnic in the Middle Ages. The privileged town ........................ 138

Between the East and the West. Colonists in the Ottoman age. The Dubrovnik colony in Plovdiv in XVI c. ................................................................................. 148.

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Linguists and printing houses. Playwrights, poets and humanists. The Plovdiv trade colony in XVII c. The decline. Missionaries. ......................... 167

Part four: THE JEWS

The Jews in Antiquity. Rome, Alexandria and Ctesiphon. Migrations in the Balkans. The fi rst synagogue. In Byzantium. In the court of the Arabian caliphs. Rabbanits and Karaites. Bagdatis, Radhadis and Syris. Iberia: the “Golden age”. From the Atlantic Ocean to China. Schools of translaton in Toledo and Seville. Maimonides. Kabbalah. ............................. 181

In the Orthodox world. Persecutions in Western Europe. Ghettos. Don Isaac Abrabanel and Columbus. The edict ...................................................205

Migrations. Colonies under the Sultan’s protection. Sepharades, Ashkenazi, Maranos, Romanotes and Donmes. The Jews of Plovdiv .....................................217

Physicians, fi nanciers and diplomats. Schools and printing houses ................... 230

The Sepharadic community in Plovdiv. The Jews in the chronicles. Tradesmen. Beliefs and customs. Rabbis and synagogues. The Donmes of Sabbatai Zevi. End of XVII c. – to the West again ....................................................................... 245

Part fi ve: THE ARMENIANS

From Noah to Haig. Christianity (301). Alphabet (404). System of chronology. Movses Khorenatsi. Agatangehos. Philosophers, historians and poets. Early migrations in the Balkans .....................................................................................281

Between Rome and Bysantium. Cilician Armenia. The three catholicoses. Migrations if the crusaders times. Hayton. Founding of the Bachkovo monastery (1083). In XII - XIV c.: Chalcedonians, Apostolics and “Heretics”. Missions to Armenia and Rome ................................................................................................297

In the times of Seljuks. The travel notes of Schiltberger: beliefs, rituals and legends. Armenians in Plovdiv. Armenian patriarchate (1461) .....................314

Migration into Plovdiv after 1453. In Western Europe and Persia. Caravans and chronicles. “The doctor of the doctors”. Amirdovlat Amassiatsi 323

Printed books. Mints and sarrafs. The Armenian patriarchate. XVII c. - a great migration. The chronicle of Lehatsi ......................................................................335

Plovdiv’s Armenian community. The church “Surp Kevork”. Mihitarians from the island of Saint Lazard. A “letter from Filibe”. Vishabs and gods. The gone mankind .................................................................................................350

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B o o k F i v e . T H E O R T H O D O X M A N

Part One: THE BABYLONIAN TOWER

Vital generations. The colours. The second religion. The spirit of negation. The deifi ed world. The meaning of a dream .........................................................337

Generations without pre-history. The “kapi kulu” system. Pax Ottomanica. Bulgarians, Greeks and Serbs. Grand viziers. Mehmed Sokollu and Ipek. Mara Brankovich. Christians in Islam ..................................................................399

Part two: THE ORTHODOX COMMUNITY

Sophronius of Vratsa, Prota Nenadovich and Konstantin Dapontis: the prenational mentality. The travelling people. The “open system” of the orthodox community. Souli, Menelon and Pindus. Agraphya – the “unregistered lands” .......................................................................................420

Plovdiv’s orthodox autonomy. “Most noble archons”. The “three degrees”. The metropolitan court. Offi cials. Publicity of being ........................................... 430

Part three: THE ORTHODOX METROPOLITAN

The shared space: patriarchates and dioceses. Patriarchs, berrats and peshkeshes. Privileges and bans. Donations and excommunication ............ 447

The “renewal” of the temples. The Balkan new martyrs ..................................... 470

Part four: THE GUILDS

The Maritsa River and the Aegean world. “Eparch’s book”. Roads, fairs and ports. The “eastern” trade in X-XI c. Triumphs and acclamations ................................................................................. 480

The interpenetrating world. “Futuva”. Umar Suhrawardi. Ahi brotherhoods during the Seldjuk era. Processions of the Ottoman guilds ........................................................................487

Patron saints of labour. Ahi Evren Veli. Masters, journeymans and apprentices. Mine laws. Sultans and crafts ....................................................495

“Change of the symbols”. The code of the Plovdiv tailors. Stamps and autonomy. Testirs and festivals .........................................................505

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Part fi ve: PURSES OF PARCHMENT MANUSCRIPTS

The glamorous XIV c. Theodore Metochites and the Chora Church. Hesychasm. Slavia Orthodoxa. Mystras and Mount Athos, Thessaloniki and Meteora, Dechani and Tarnovo. “God’s punishment” .............527

The higher patriarchate academy. Balkan letters. Schools in Crete and Thebes. Poets in Albania and Greece. “I do not want to hear your wisdom before the Christ’s cross” ....................................................541

Eposes and Balkan heroes. Letters in XVII c. Libraries. Printing houses and books. The warning of dr. Ivan Seliminski. Damasquins ...................556

“We have recorded this to make it known” ...........................................................572

The Balkans and Crowned Europe: the “pancreas”. The gleam of enlightened Europe… to warm me” ................................................585

Notes ....................................................................................................................594

Index .....................................................................................................................630