Bohr & Rutherford combined their theories to create the current simplified atomic model

The atom is made up of three sub-atomic particles:

ProtonsElectronsNeutrons

Bohr – Rutherford Atomic Model:

The Atom:

Sub-Atomic Particle

Charge Mass Location

Proton

Electron

Neutron

+

-

none

1 amu

negligible

1 amu

nucleus

outside nucleus

nucleus

education.jlab.org/ qa/atom_model.html

The Atom:

nucleus

electron neutron

proton

Nucleus: Contains protons & neutrons Overall positive charge (+) Contains nearly all mass (dense)

Electrons: Located outside

nucleus Easily moved, lost

or gained Negative charge (-)

Every atom has a symbol & two numbers associated with it.

Ex.

The Atom – Important Info:

C12

6

Mass Number

Atomic Number

•The mass of an atom

•The bigger number

•The number of protons & neutrons

•The number of protons•The smaller number

Since atoms are neutral, the number of protons (+)

equals the number of electrons (-)

For the following atom, state the…

i) mass number

ii) atomic number

iii) # of protons

iv) # of electrons

v) # of neutrons

O16

8

16

8

8

8

16 – 8 = 8

For the following atom, state the…

i) mass number

ii) atomic number

iii) # of protons

iv) # of electrons

v) # of neutrons

Na23

11

23

11

11

11

23 – 11 = 12

For the following atom, state the…

i) mass number

ii) atomic number

iii) # of protons

iv) # of electrons

v) # of neutrons

Ar40

18

40

18

18

18

40 – 18 = 22

Cu64

29

64

29

29

29

64 – 29 = 35

For the following atom, state the…

i) mass number

ii) atomic number

iii) # of protons

iv) # of electrons

v) # of neutrons

For the following atom, which statement is TRUE?

P 31

15A) The atomic number is 31.

B) The atom has 15 neutrons.

C) The atom has 16 electrons.

D) The atom has 15 protons & 15 electrons.

Given a neutral atom, which statement is TRUE?

A) An atom always has the same number of electrons as neutrons.

B) Electrons & neutrons are found in the nucleus.

C) The atomic number states the number of neutrons.

D) An atom always has the same number of electrons as neutrons.

An atom’s atomic number is equal to the number of protons (smaller number)

An atom is neutral, therefore the number of protons & electrons are equal

An atom’s mass number is equal to the protons & neutrons together (bigger number)

Atoms are made up of: Protons Electrons Neutrons

Protons & Neutrons are located in the nucleus

Electrons are located outside the nucleus

Recall, in the Bohr-Rutherford atomic model, electrons are located outside the nucleus

Electrons are organized into:

Electron shells or Energy levels orOrbitals

Electrons:

Be familiar with all the terms, especially the

first two

Each electron shell differs in size & the number of electrons it can hold (capacity)

Electrons:

Electron Shell

Capacity

1st 2 electrons

2nd 8 electrons

3rd 8 electrons*

4th 2 electrons*

Shows maximum # of electrons in

each shell

Shells can be partially filled or empty

*Simplified – 3rd shell holds 18 electrons4th shell holds 32 electrons

Is a picture of an atom, showing its protons, electrons & neutrons.

Ex.

Bohr – Rutherford Diagram:

Protons =

Electrons=

Neutrons=

3

3

4

3 P+

4 N0 2 e- 1 e-

Li7

3

Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram for:

Protons =

Electrons=

Neutrons=

9

9

10

9 P+

10 N0 2 e- 7 e-

F19

9

Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram for:

Protons =

Electrons=

Neutrons=

5

5

6

5 P+

6 N0 2 e- 3 e-

B11

5

Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram for:

Protons =

Electrons=

Neutrons=

12

12

12

12 P+

12 N0 2 e- 8 e-

Mg24

12

2 e-

Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram for:

Protons =

Electrons=

Neutrons=

19

19

20

19 P+

20 N0 2 e- 8 e-

K39

19

8 e- 1 e-

Be 9 4

Which of the following diagrams best represents the Bohr-Rutherford model of…

A)

4 P+

5 N0 2 e-3 e-

B)5 P+

4 N0 2 e- 2 e-

C)4 P+

5 N02 e- 2 e-

Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram for each of the following atoms:

P31

15 N

14

7

Al27

13

15 P+

16 N0

2 e-

8 e-

5 e-

7 P+

7 N02 e-

5 e- 13 P+

14 N02 e-

8 e-

3 e-

Electrons are located outside the nucleus in electron shells

In the… 1st shell – 2 electrons 2nd shell – 8 electrons 3rd shell – 8 electrons* 4th shell – 2 electrons*

In Bohr-Rutherford diagrams: Place Protons & Neutrons in nucleus Place Electrons in appropriate shells

Find the number of Protons,

Electrons & Neutrons