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© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20051 of 25
KS3 Chemistry
Solids, Liquids and Gases
© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20052 of 25
7G Solids, Liquids and Gases
Properties of solids, liquids and gases
Summary activities
Diffusion
Introducing states of matter
The particle model
Contents
© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20053 of 25
What different types of materials are there?
Liquid metal
Solid used in aircraft
Solid used to coat steel cans
Intoxicating liquid
Radioactive solid
Solid that rusts
Unreactive gas
Solid used by Roman plumbers
MMercury
AAluminium
TTin
EEthanol
RRadium
IIron
AArgon
LLead
Different substances
Aluminium Lead
Argon Iron
RadiumEthanol
TinMercury
What are the names of the substances described in this table?(The first letters spell out another word for ‘substance’.)
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Three states of matter
solid liquid gas
At room temperature most substances exist in one of three physical states.
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Solid, liquid or gas?
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Solid, liquid or gas?
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7G Solids, Liquids and Gases
Properties of solids, liquids and gases
Summary activities
Diffusion
Introducing states of matter
The particle model
Contents
© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20058 of 25
The particle model
The difference between solids, liquids and gases can be explained by the…
All substances are made up of particles.
The particles are attracted to each other. Some particles are attracted strongly to each other and others weakly.
The particles move around. They are described as having kinetic energy.
The kinetic energy of the particles increases with temperature.
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Particles in a solid – animation
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Particles in a liquid – animation
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Particles in a gas – animation
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7G Solids, Liquids and Gases
Properties of solids, liquids and gases
Summary activities
Diffusion
Introducing states of matter
The particle model
Contents
© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200513 of 25
Properties of solids, liquids and gases
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Which state of matter am I?
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7G Solids, Liquids and Gases
Properties of solids, liquids and gases
Summary activities
Diffusion
Introducing states of matter
The particle model
Contents
© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200516 of 25
How do smells spread out?
Where is the smell coming from and how does it spread out?
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Diffusion occurs in liquids and gases but hardly at all in solids.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of particles that allows them to spread out and mix with other particles.
For example, the smell of aftershave or perfume diffuses and is detected by people on the other side of the room.
Use the particle model to explain these facts about diffusion:
Diffusion happens more quickly for gases than for liquids.
Diffusion happens more quickly at warm temperatures than at cooler temperatures.
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Diffusion animation 1
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Diffusion animation 2
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When the gases meet, they react to form a ring of ammonium chloride which is closer to one end of the tube than the other.
cotton wool soaked in ammonia
solution
cotton wool soaked in concentrated
hydrochloric acid
Which gas particles diffuse faster, ammonia or acid, and why?
By the time the gases meet, the ammonia particles have travelled further down the tube so they must have diffused at a faster speed.
Diffusion experiment
In this experiment, two gases diffuse towards each other in a sealed glass tube.
gasesmeethere
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7G Solids, Liquids and Gases
Properties of solids, liquids and gases
Summary activities
Diffusion
Introducing states of matter
The particle model
Contents
© Boardworks Ltd 20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200522 of 25
Glossary
diffusion – Particles spreading out and mixing in the gas or liquid state.
gas – The state of matter in which particles move quickly in all directions and rarely touch each other.
liquid – The state of matter in which particles are randomly arranged and touch each other.
matter – The stuff that everything is made of.
particle – The smallest unit of matter.
pressure – The force produced when particles move against a surface.
solid – The state of matter in which particles are in a fixed arrangement and touch each other.
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Anagrams
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Across:
2. Change from liquid to solid
5. Force caused by collisions of particles
6. Arranged in a 3-dimensional pattern
9. Spacing of particles in solids and liquids
10. All substances are this state at very low temperatures
11. Only liquids and gases do this
1
2 3
4
5
6
7 8
9
10
11
Down:
1. Closely packed particles 6. Particles are close but disorganised
3. Change from gas to liquid 7. Particles widely spread out
4. Change from solid to liquid 8. Change from liquid to gas
Crossword
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Multiple-choice quiz