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24 April 2014 -- take out HW
Bellringer – Medieval Weapons Packet Pages 5 & 6
Medieval Castles Why create them? Types Defense Ways to Attack
HW - None
Medieval Castles
Motte & Bailey
Earliest form of castles built Made entirely of wood
The Motte On a large hill a wooden keep (lookout). surrounded with a large
wooden fence.
The Bailey separated from the Motte by a
wooden bridge could be removed if the Bailey
was occupied by enemies. where people lived and
animals were kept.
Stone Keep Castle
Better form of defense.
stone keep with thick walls and few windows.
might be surrounded
by a ditch or moat
entrance to the castle was by drawbridge.
Concentric Castles
12th and 13th Centuries
Offered the best protection
Center: inner wall built of thick stone with turrets positioned at intervals
Outer: an equally thick but lower stone wall.
Concentric Castles
archers on the inner walls can fire over the archers on the outer walls.
space between the two walls: 'death hole'
surrounded with a moat and entry would be across a drawbridge.
Fire
Best way to attack the early Motte and Bailey castles
bonfire against the outer wooden fence or by archers shooting fire-arrows into the castle.
Fire has little effect on a stone castle.
Battering Ram
The thick stone walls of the Stone Keep castles were difficult for men to knock down.
The battering ram was particularly useful since the weight of several men would be put behind it.
This could seriously weaken and possibly destroy doors or walls.
Ladders
Ladders were used by those attacking a castle to climb over the walls and fight the people living in the castle.
Disadvantage - leaving the man climbing the ladder subject to attack by arrow, boiling water or oil, or by being thrown to the ground if the ladder was pushed away from the wall.
To prevent this type of attack the Belfry or Siege Tower was developed.
Belfry
The Belfry was a large structure on wheels that could be pushed up to the castle walls. (siege tower) Ladders inside the Belfry allowed attackers
to climb to the top under cover and get into the castle.
Castle owners prevented this type of attack by piling earth up against the castle walls so that the Belfry, which was on wheels, could not be pushed near to the castle.
Catapult
A variety of catapults or siege engines were developed during the Middle Ages to hurl: fire stones, fireballs dead sheep, cattle, or plague victims
Mining A good way of attacking a
stone castle. Attackers would dig a tunnel
underground up to the castle walls.
They would then set a charge and make an explosion which would make the walls crumble and collapse.
Advantage - the attack could not be seen by those living in the castle.
However, if those inside the castle were aware that attackers were mining underground, they would often mine from the castle to meet the attackers underground and there would be a sword battle.
Siege
Good way of attacking a stone castle.
Attackers would surround a castle with both men and catapults so that no one could enter or leave the castle.
Sieges could last for months Usually until the inhabitants of the
castle ran out of food and were starving.
One of the castle owner's main line of defense against siege was to send all women, children, old, weak and sick people out of the castle.
This meant that only those strong enough to fight off attackers remained in the castle and that the food supply would last much longer.
True or False Quiz
1. The best way to attack an early castle was with fire.2. Fire was a good way to attack a stone castle.3. Battering rams were used to knock people out of
the way. 4. Pick axes were sometimes used to knock holes
through thin stone walls. 5. Ladders were used to climb castle walls. 6. The belfry tower was a closed in ladder on wheels. 7. A mangonel was used underground. 8. Tunnels were often dug underground and castles
exploded from underneath. 9. A siege was used to starve people out of the castle. 10. Sieges were usually over very quickly.
Answers
1. True 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True 6. True 7. False 8 .True 9. True 10. False
Muiderslot - Netherlands
Burg Eltz - Germany
Château de PlessisBourré - France
Tower of London - England
Alcazar de Segovia - Spain
Caernarfon - Wales
Mont Saint Michel Castle - France
Inside a Castle…https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_w4FGgOVsMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQuDLVpi6UQ
Works Cited
www.historyonthenet.com (Information taken from) Motte and bailey castle -
http://www.dorlingkindersley-uk.co.uk/nf/ClipArt/Image/0,,239015_1581631_,00.htm
Stone keep - http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/79/74879-004-05C8DDD0.jpg
Concentric castle - http://www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk/vtc/ngfl/history/castles_in_wales/english/Beaumaris%20Castle.html
Title page, Ladders - http://www.iol.ie/~sligogrm/attack.html Catapult -
http://www.edupic.net/Images/SimpleMachines/trebuchet.gif Siege -
http://www.history.umd.edu/Fields/Medieval_and_Early_Modern/Medieval%20and%20early%20modern%20images/The%20Siege%20of%20Antioch,%20from%20a%20medieval%20miniature%20painting,%20during%20the%20First%20Crusade.jpeg
Mining - http://www.uh.edu/engines/agrictun.jpg Battering ram -
http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/j/Battering-Ram.jpg Fire - http://cutstuff.net/images/hunter.png