Based on emotional response of the audience (like anger, nostalgia, pity, joy); attempts to create an emotional connection with the audience

EXAMPLES?

Emotional AppealPATHOS

Emotional AppealPATHOS

Based on logical response of audience; may include inductive or deductive logic; establishes clear & reasonable line of argument in which each claim is given logical support

EXAMPLES?

Logical AppealLOGOS

Logical AppealLOGOS

Based on establishing the credibility or authority a speaker in one of two ways: Intrinsic: internal credibility established by

writing or speaking correctly, knowledgeably, and confidently about a topic (EX: using legal jargon correctly)

Extrinsic: external credibility a speaker or writer brings to an argument

Ethical AppealETHOS

Ethical AppealETHOS

Propaganda skews the true purpose of rhetorical appeals by: Logos: Presenting a “logical” argument

without considering all the facts or counterarguments

Pathos: Manipulating people’s emotions to scare them into an opinion or action

Ethos: Distorting the truth to present the image of a “trustworthy” speaker or source

Appeals and Propaganda

What is the author’s purpose? What are the author’s motives? What appeals are used? Are they well-

rounded?

Persuasion vs. Propaganda