' (B® How Do Objects in the Sky

Seem to Change?

a)=}c=

5D)eS)=O(©)

Objects in the nighttime sky seem to change.

MifflinHarcourt

-Intage{@redits

By the End of This Lesson

I will be able to describe objectsin ©Houghton

the sky and predict their patterns.

©Houghton

MifflinHarcourt

-Image

Credits:

©stockelements/Shutterstock

Objects in the Sky

|

You can see objects in the daytime sky.

You can see objects in the nighttime sky.

rf |Can You Explain It?

@==> How do objects in the sky seem to change?

\

J)

Lesson 1 ® How Do Objects in the Sky Seem to Change? 979

You can see objects in the daytime sky. You may

see the sun and sometimes the moon. The sunis a

star. A star is an object in the sky. It gives off Its

ownlight. The sun is the star closest to Earth. It is

made of hot gases.It gives off light and heat.

qm Underline two sentencesthat

tall facts about the sun.

gApply What You Know,

Evidence Notebook ° Work with a partner.

Talk about what you know about the sunin

the daytime sky. Use evidencetotell how you

know. Then write sentences about it in your

Evidence Notebook.ane sane

TTT

280

urt=

Image

Credits:

0)©PaulZizka/GettyImages;

0/ScienceS

ource

iS}=itl

==iSSs£“|iDiS)5eo©

©Scie

(1)

Patterns in the Daytime Sky©

Houghton

MifflinHarcourt

early morning|

late afternoon|

Each day, Earth turns all the way around.

This makes the sun seem to moveacrossthe sky.

In early morning the sun seemslowin the sky.

At noon the sun seemsto be directly aboveus.

By late afternoon it seems to be low again, but

on the otherside of the sky. This pattern

repeats each day.

Lesson 1 © How Do Objects in the Sky Seem to Change? 281

@==> Match each picture to the word or

wordsthat describeit.

cooSs

(

early morning|

ial ae x (late afternoon|

©Houghton

MifflinHarcourt

282

i

a©

Houghton

MifflinHarcourt

Name

C) Hands-On Activity

Observe the Pattern of the Sun

(

Materials e drawing paper )

Ask a Question

Choose a time in the morning.

Record the time.

Step 2

Go outside. Draw a picture to record the position of

the sun. Be sure not to look directly at the sun.

Step 3

Look for an object

that makes a shadow.

Draw a picture of the

object and its shadow.

Lesson 1 @ How Do Objectsin the Sky Seem to Change?283

geei

ee

Sas

Step 4

Repeat steps 2 and 3 at noon and again

‘a the afternoon. Compare the position of

the sun and the shadowsat the different

times of day.

Step 5

Do the activity again another day.

What patterns do you see?

Make a claim that answers your question.

©Houghton

MifflinHarcourt

Whatis your evidence?

284

©Houghton

Miffli

nHarc

ourt

mes

eeeRead, Write, Share! ¢ Think Recall OQ

about what you saw in the Information °

activity. Has the sun always Ordef aney: y Consistency Go

seemed to move this way? Look to the online

in books or on the Internet to handbookfortips.

find out more.

Record what you think.

gy TNWhat Youa |

Work with a partner. Make a model of the sun

in the daytime sky. Use your model to explain

the pattern of how the sun seems fo move. =e . : ? . = EAE

Lesson 1 ¢ How Do Objects in the Sky Seem to Change? 285

ee

Fe

ee

The Nighttime Skypoe a baae eis are

ey,

D

moon from Earth | moonclose up

Night alwaysfollows day. On many nights

you can see the moonin the sky. The moon

is a large ball of rock that circles Earth. The

moon seemsto shine, but the moon does not

give off its own light. The moon reflects light

from the sun.

@=z=> Write a fact about the moon.

©Houghton

MifflinHarcourt

-Image

Credits:

(I)©Jan-Peter

Lahall/Getty

Images;

(t)©AvalonImaging/Alamy

286

nHarcourt

-Image

Credits:

(I)©GiinayMutlu/GettyImages;

ttyImages

©Houghton

Miffl

(r)©junyyeung/G

D

Ona clear night, you can see manysiars.

Stars are balls of hot gases. These gases give

off light. This light is what you see from Earth.

Stars look tiny because they are far away. A

telescope can help you see them better. It

makes objects look bigger.

q=zza> Underline the sentence that

tells why you can seestars.

gApply What You Know

Work with a group. Make a picture dictionary

about the nighttime sky. List the objects in the

nighttime sky. Draw a picture for each object.

Write sentences totell aboutit. | Lesson 1 @ How Do Objects in the Sky Seem to Change? 237

| full moon | | third-quarter moon|

The shape of the moon seemsto

change. These changesare called

phases. Phases are the moon's

pattern of light and darkness that

you see as the moon moves. The

phases repeat each month.

Gl=> Draw an X on

the phase of the moonthat lookslike

a whole circle. Draw a box around the

phases that looklike half of a circle.

288

QDPatterns Ly

Go to the online

handbook

for tips.

Describe “=~”

Shares Go

to the online

handbook

for tips.

©Ho

ught

onMifflinHa

rcou

rt-I

mageCr

edit

s:(tr

)©

JamieCo

oper

/SSP

L/Ge

tty

Imag

es;

(br)

©Rich

Reid

/Get

tyIm

ages

;(b

l)©

JamieCooper/SSPL/GettyImages

©Houghton

MifflinHarcourt

[These are stars you can see during the winter.|

The sun is the only star you can see

during the day. But the stars you see

each night are not always the same.

They change with the seasons.

Lesson 1 ¢ How Do Objects in the Sky Seem to Change?sso Oo J y g

289

Which sentences are facts about the

patternsof the stars? Choosealll

correct answers.

@ The sunis the only star you can see

during the day.

(®) The stars at night in the winter are

the same asthe stars at night in

the summer.

©You can see different stars at different

times of the year.

A) Apply What You Know.

Evidence Notebook ¢ Work with a group. Make

a model of the phases of the moon. Use your

modelto tell about the pattern of phases of

the moon. How does the moon seem to change?

Use evidence totell how you know. Record your

answers in your Evidence Notebook.

290

©Houghton

Miffli

nHarcourt

©Houghton

MifflinHarcourt

ete

Bl SelelgettIveCMA :PTEee

Take It Further

People in Science & Engineering ° | Space Technology : °

Dr. Sarah BallardTy ae

Dr. Sarah Ballard is an astronomer.

An astronomer studies objects in the sky.

Dr. Ballard searches for new planets. A

planet is a large object in space that moves

ground a sun or a star. Earth is a planet.

Lesson 1 @ How Do Objectsin the Sky Seem to Change?291

292

(8) They find newplanets.

© They study animals.

® They study objects in the sky.

correct answers.

What do astronomers do? Chooseall

©Houghton

MifflinHarcourt

petiteSta

TTT

TL

SEROUGEH

RESEGOEA

l(AG

HROR

EOAO

HGHOGHE

TLLCLEOPLLC

HGHB

ROGH

AMGH

OOOUE

(On

G08OREOA

BYRGRAUAGOBERG

x

that Dr. Ballard will use.

This is a model of a satellite

)

©Houghton

MifflinHarcourt

-Image

Credits:

Ostockelements/Shutterstock

Seer ae——_

- Seba oaaas : —————

Lesson Check

Can You Explain It?

How do objects in the sky seem to change?

Be sure to

© Tell how objects seem to changein the sky.

e Describe the pattern of changes.

Lesson 1 @ How Do Objects in the Sky Seem to Change? 293

Spas

Self Check1. What causesthe sun to seem to move

in patterns?

@®) Earth turnsall the way around.

(B) The sun turnsall the way around.

©The moonturnsall the way around.

wordsfrom the box to label each picture.

night late afternoon noon

3. How manytimes does the sun seem to rise

in one week?

@)1

(B)7

© 14

©Ho

ught

onMi

ffli

nHa

rcou

rt-I

mageCr

edit

s:(I)

©VassiliyVishnevskiy/GettyImages;

(0)©l

amwa

itin

gforth

ere

ques

t/Ge

ttyIm

ages

;(r)

OJia-WeKuo/GettyIm

ages

294

©Houghton

MifflinHarcourt

-ImageC

redits:Larry

Landolfi/Science

Source

U4. What is the moon?

@a large star that circles Earth

a large ball of rock that circles Earth

©a large ball of rock that blockslight from

the sun

5.Whatare the phases of the moon? Write the

numbers to show the correct order. Thefirst one

has been donefor you.

6.What are the patterns of objects in the sky?

Chooseall correct answers.

@The sun seems to movein the daytime sky.

All stars appearin the daytimesky.

©The moon seemsto change shape during

the month.

Lesson 1 © How Do Objectsin the Sky Seem to Change? 295