Upload
blaise-coughlin
View
220
Download
4
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Avignon Great Schism John Wycliffe Jan Hus Bubonic plague Hundred Years’ War Joan of Arc
Pope and King collide
Pope Boniface tried to enforce papal authority on kings
King Philip IV asserted authority over bishops
Boniface said that kings must always obey popes
My master’s sword is made of steel, his sword is made of words
Philip held pope as a prisoner in 1303
King wanted to put him on trial
Pope rescued and died one month later
Philip IV had College of Cardinals pick a French bishop as Pope
Clement IV moved from Rome to Avignon› Pope would live
there for 69 years This move
weakened the church
• Pope Urban IV was picked an Italian
• Pope Urban IV was a reformer
• Cardinals picked a second pope Clement VII
• French pope in Avignon and Italian pope in Rome
Great Schism- the split of the church
1414 Council of Constance tried to pick just one pope
Now there were three popes
All popes resigned 1417 one pop
picked
• John Wycliffe-preached Jesus Christ not the pope was the head of the church
• Offended by the worldly wealth of the clergy
• Clergy should not own land or have wealth
• Bible not pope the final authority
• English translation of the Bible
• Jan Hus- professor in Bohemia taught bible higher authority then the pope
• 1412 he was excommunicated
• 1414 he was tried as a heretic
• 1415 burned at the stake
1300’s Asia, North Africa, and Europe
1/3 of the population dies
Bubonic plague-deadly disease
Epidemic ripped communities apart
• Began in Asia• 1347 Genoese
fleets arrived in Sicily with the Plague
• Known as black death– Purplish black
spots on skin• From Italy to Spain,
France, Germany and North Africa
Took four years to reach all of Europe
25 million Europeans die
Many more in Africa and Asia
Struck every few years
Manorial system began to crumble
Town population fell Trade declined, prices
rose Peasant revolts in
England, France and Italy
Jews blamed for the plague driven from their home’s, persecuted
Church loss of prestige, prayers failed, priests left
England and France fought on French soil
Edward III was a grandson of Philip IV claimed French throne
1337-1453 was started by Edward
Went back and forth 1421-1453 English
drive out
Changed style of warfare
Some warriors under chivalry
Newer foot soldiers and archers
Introduced by the English
First battle was Crecy
1346 English outnumbered 3 to 1
French had knights, crossbows
Thousands of arrows flew
Caused a retreat and panic
Knights trampled the crossbows
Volley after volley Knights left on the
ground Knights slaughtered
by English with knives
1/3 of French Army was killed
Longbow won the day
Knights would become extinct
Battle of Poitiers and Battle of Agincourt
1420 French an English signed a treaty
Henry V would inherit the French crown
Joan of Arc- 1429 French teenage peasant
Move by god to rescue France
Age 13 had visions an hear voices of the saints
Urged her to drive English from France
1429 Joan led a French Army
Joan and a few troops charged the fort, French army followed
Joan of Arc ended the siege of Orleans
Charles crowned King of France
English captured Joan
Charles did not help her
She was burned at the stake as a witch
Ended 1453 Feeling of nationalism
in France an England› Fight for glory of the
country› King national leader
Power an prestige of French Monarchs
England internal turmoil, War of the Roses, fought for throne
End of Hundred years War end of the “Middle Ages”
Religious devotion and chivalry crumble› Great schism› Display of wealth
by the church› Discrediting church
during plague