CHINESE AMERICAN LIBRARIANS ASSOCIATION

an affiliate of the American Library Association

''DIVERSITY: THE CHALLENGE TO THE ASIAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY" 1987 CONFERENCE PROGRAM BOOK

1987 Annual Program Committee Carl Chan

Defense Language Institute Library, Monterey, Ca.

Gladys Chaw College of San Mateo, San Mateo, Ca.

George Cheng San Francisco State University, San Francisco, Ca.

Sheila Lai California State University, Sacramento, Ca

Susana Liu Calif01'nia State University, San Jose, Ca.

Wei-Chi Poon University of California, Berkeley, Ca.

Eunice Ting University of California, Los Angeles, Ca.

Doris Tseng Chinatown Branch, San Francisco Public Library, S. F., Ca.

Julia Tung Hoover Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Ca.

Elsie Wong Chinatown Branch, San Francisco Public Library, San Francisco, Ca.

Irene Y eh, Chair Stanford University, Stanford, Ca.

CALA 1987 Annual Conference San Francisco, California June 30, 1987

Additional copies of this program book may be obtained for $3.50 from the Chinese American Librarian's Association , c/o Carl C. Chan, 30 Monte Vista Dr., #1212, Monterey, CA 93940

© Copyright 1987, Chinese American Librarian's Association.

CALA$3.50 No discount.

Chinese American Librarians Association (CALA)

an affiliate of the American Library Assoication

"DIVERSITY:

The Challenge to the Asian Am.erican Com.m.unity"

1987 Annual Conference Program Book

June 30, 1987 San Francisco, California

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Dear CALA Members and Friends,

Chinese-American Librarians Association

An Affiliate cl the American Ubraly Association

June 4, 1987

It is with a special sense of significance that I welcome you, on behalf of the Chinese American Librarians Association (CALA), to the city of San Francisco. The reason is that San Francisco has witnessed great changes in the Asian American community in the past hundred years as no other city has. In 1882, it was this city --"Gold Mountain" -­and this state of California that embodied the spirit of the Chinese Exclusionary Act which prohibited the entry of Asians to America; however, today, one hundred years later, Asians are entering this country in unprecedented numbers. Whereas one hundred years ago, California was the hotbed of Anti-Asian violence and discrimination, today, Asians find California one of the most desirable places to live. We have made great progress in these one hundred years.

It is again significant that our parent organization, the American Library Association (ALA), has chosen as its Presidential theme thi s year, and in this city, "Diversity: Challenge to America's Libraries" with a special session devoted to "Library Services to New American s and to American People of Color." This is because outside of Asia, Cali­fornia has the largest Asian American population in the United States.

Thirdly, I would like to bring to your attention our special program this year, ably organized by Irene Yeh and her committee. The program includes a talk by Professor Ling-chi Wang on "Asian Americans through the year 2000" and a showing of Peter Wang's acclaimed recent film "A Great Wall: An American Comedy Made in China." At our annual dinner, our Distinguished Service Award will be presented to Mr. Chen -ku Wang, Director of the National Central Library in Taipei. Again, it i s most appropriate that, being on the West Coast this year, we form our link with one of the states of the Pacific Rim region. It marks our commitment to promoting Sino-American librarianship and adds a global dimension to our organization as we stride toward the 21st century.

This year marks the 15th anniversary of the Chinese American Librarians Association. We invite you to join us on this special occasion to enjoy our program, give us support and encouragement, and advise us on how we may better serve the needs of our communities.

I would also like to take this occasion to thank all those who have given me support and encouragement in the past year while I have been President. I am most grateful for the opportunity you have given me to serve you.

I wish you the best during your stay in San Francisco.

Sincerely,

)JtaA(i{~ '1/ k Marjo · H. Li Presi ent 1986/87

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Table of Contents

President's Greeting ... .. ... .. ....... .. ............ ........... .. ......... ... ...... ...... .. .. ....... .. . .. . ..... .. . 2

1987 ANNUAL CONFERENCE ......................................................................... 4

Program Schedule .................................................................................... 4 1986/87 Officers......................................................................................... 5 Annual Program Address ...................................................................... 8 Distinguished Service Award ............................................................... 10

SPECIAL FEATURE: SOUVENIR GUIDE TO SAN FRANCISCO CHINATOWN ..................... 11

"I Love the Big Tangerine" ................................................................... 12 Special Pullout Map ................................................................ Centerfold

BIBLIOGRAPHIES ON ASIAN AMERICANS ............................................. 21 Asian Americans: Bibliographies ........................................................ 22 Asian Americans: Reference Tools ..................................................... 23 Chinese Americans: Bibliographies .................................................... 24 Chinese Americans: Reference Tools ................................................. 25 Asian Americans: A Basic Collection ................................................. 26

Messages from our Supporters ........................................................................ 32 Joining the Chinese American Librarians Association ........................... 40 About the Chinese American Librarians Association ...... Inside back cover

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4:00 - 5:00 p.m.

5:00 - 6:00 p.m.

6:00 - 7:30 p.m.

7:30 -9:30 p.m.

Tuesday, June 30, 1987

CALA Membership Meeting Election of Officers LOCATION: Chinese Culture Center

750 Kearny Street (3rd flr of Holiday Inn)

"Asian Americans Through the Year 2000" SPEAKER: Professor Ling-Chi Wang,

University of California Berkeley LOCATION: Chinese Culture Center

750 Kearny Street (3rd flr of Holiday Inn)

Distinguished Award Recipient Mr. Chen-ku Wang, Director National Central Library, Taipei, Taiwan LOCATION: Empress of China Restaurant

838 Grant Ave ·

MOVIE: "A Great Wall: An American Comedy made in China"

LOCATION: Chinese Culture Center 750 Kearny Street (3rd flr of Holiday Inn)

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1986/87 Officers Marjorie H. Li

President

Irene Yeh President Elect/Program Chair

Amy S. Wilson Executive Director

Eugenia Tang Treasurer

Chapter Presidents

California Chapter

Raymond Tang (until Dec. 1986) Head, Chinese Division East Asiatic Library 208 Durant Hall University of California Berkeley, CA 94720

Julia Tung (Jan.-June 1987) Librarian East Asian Collection Hoover Institute Stanford, CA 94305

Mid-Atlantic Chapter

Margaret Wang Serials Librarian University of Delaware Library Newark, DE 19711

Mid-West Chapter

Dorothy Li Head, Technical Services John Marshall Law Schl. Library 315 Plymouth Chicago, IL 60604

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1986/87

Northeast Chapter

Diana Shih Cataloging Librarian American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th St. New York, NY 10024

Southwest Chapter

Elizabeth Tsai Texas Women's University Acquisitions Librarian P.O. Box 22634 TW Station Denton, TX 76204

Board Members

Terms expiring in 1987

James Ho Assistant Director Howard University Libraries Washington, D.C. 20059

Hwa-wei Lee Director of Libraries & Professor 510 Alden Library Ohio University Athens, OH 45701

Marjorie H. Li (President) Technical Services Rfutgers University Libraries New Brunswick, NJ 08903

David Liu Director Pharr Memorial Library 200S. Athol Pharr, TX 78577

Eugenia Tang (Treasurer) Librarian for Technical Reports Documents Division Texas A & M University College Station, TX 77843

Julia Wu Commissioner, NCLIS and Head Librarian Virgil High School 152 N. Vermont Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90004

Irene Yeh (President Elect) Library Personnel Green Library Stanford University Library Stanford, CA 94305

Terms expiring in 1988

Henry Chang Director of Libraries Arch. Museums & Archeological P.O. Box390 St. Thomas, VI 00801

GloriaHsia Chief Catalog Management & Publication Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540

John Yung-hsiang Lai Associate Librarian Harvard-Y enching Library Harvard University 2 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138

Betty Tsai Techn. Serv. Librarian & Senior Bucks County Community College Swamp Road Newtown, PA 18940

Lena Lee Yang, Librarian

Institute for Advanced Studies of Melville Library SUNY at Stony Brook Stony Brook, NY 11794

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Terms expiring in 1989

George T. Cheng Associate Librarian, Reference Service San Francisco State University 1630 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132

Margaret Fung (Journal Editor) Executive Director The Chinese Studies Program Wang Institute of Graduate Studies TyngRoad Tyngsboro, MA 01879-2099

Daphne Hsueh Head, Serials Cataloging Main Library Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210

Sheila Lai Head, Catalog Department California State University, 2000 Jed Smith Drive Sacramento, CA 95819

Amy Seetoo Wilson China Liaison Dissertation Information Services University Microfilms 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48106

Norma Yueh Director of Library Services Ramapo College of New Jersey Mahwah, NJ 07430

Cotntnittees 1986/87

Awards Committee: Dr. Hwa-wei Lee (Chair)

Nelson Chou Margaret Fung

Constitution & Bylaws Committee: Stella Chiang (Chair)

Gloria Chao Margaret Shen

Finance Committee: Chang-chien Lee (Chair)

Eugenia Tang Cecilia Chen

Membership Committee: Sheila Lai (Chair)

Julia Tung Margaret Wang

In-Lan W. Li Diana Shih

Elizabeth Tsai Wendy Lee Chow

Sheila Y. Lee Ling-yuh Wu Pattie

Nominating Committee: William Wan (Chair)

Chiou-sen Chen Simon P.J. Chen

Program & Local Arrangement Committee: Irene Yeh (Chair)

Carl Chan Gladys Chaw

George Cheng Sheila Lai

Marjorie Li Susana Liu Julia Tung Elsie Wong

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Publications Committee Journal Editor Board:

Margaret Fung (Editor~in-Chief) Nelson Chou

· Tze-chung Li

Newsletter Editor: Diana Shih (Chief editor)

Gladys Chaw

Long-range Strategic Planning Task Force: Lena Yang (Chair)

Eveline Yang Hon-chan Lee Frances Lau

Ling-yuh Pattie

Press releases and Public relations: Amy Wilson (Chair)

Betty Tsai Susana Liu

Lillian Chan AlexPeng

Public Relations Committee: Susana Liu (Chair)

Christina Chan Philip Wei

Scholarship & Research Grants Task Force: Lena Yang

Annual Program Address Political Empowerment And Future Agenda Through 2000:

The Asian American Community

by L. Ling-chi Wang

Chairperson and Associate Professor Department of Ethnic Studies

University of California, Berkeley

In recent years, there has been a perceptible rise in ethnic and political consciousness among several segments of the Asian American population. Hand in hand with this development has been a growing interest in electoral or partisan politics among Asian Americans, considered by those involved to be the last frontier in the Asian American quest for racial equality and economic justice that began in the late 1960s.

Several factors can be readily identified to help explain this development in the 1970s and 1980s. First and foremost was the rise of indigenous ethnic consciousness among college-age students and young professionals in the late 1960s. This was followed by a growing awareness among lower middle-class Asian Americans and well-educated Asian immigrants of the persistence and pervasiveness of racisrn. Lately, wealthy recent immigrants have realized that there exists a close connection between money and politics in American democracy. In short, these segments of the Asian American community have become politicized because they felt powerless, shut out and short-changed.

However, as several -- but still relatively minor -- segments of the Asian American population gradually participate in the electoral process for various reasons, a parallel development occurs within the Asian American community: a growing factionalism that undermines, if not prevents, the development of ethnic political solidarity and power. This division occurs along cultural, class and nationalist lines and, within each Asian American sub-group, along the class and partisan political lines in motherland politics. Accordingly, there has been no consensus about political agendas, styles and tactics.

While there is no disagreement over the need for Asian American political empowerment, the key question facing the Asian American community is whether Asian Americans will remain hopelessly divided, and thus politically weak, into the 1990s, or whether they can in fact get together and work out a shared political agenda and strategy that will enable them to transcend their difference and reach the as yet elusive goal of political empowerment.

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Curriculum Vitae

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

1961 1964 1964-66

1968

1968-70

B.A. (Music), Hope College, Holland, Mich. B.D. (Old Testament Studies), Princeton Theological Seminary Graduate work in Semitic and Assyriological Studies, University of Chicago M.A. (Semitic Studies and Assyriology), University of California, Berkeley (UCB) Doctoral work in Semitics and Assyriology, UCB

Professor Wang was director of several Chinatown Service agencies between 1968 and 1972. He was a founder and the first executive director of Chinese for Affirmative Action, a civil rights advocacy organization, in 1971. His association with the University of California, Berkeley's, Department of Ethnic Studies began in 1972, when he started as a lecturer in Asian American Studies. He attained his present position, Chairperson and Associate Professor, with the department in 1981. He has spoken throughout the country at various conferences on state agencies on bilingual eductation. Professor Wang specializes in Asian-American (especially Chinese-American) history, Asian-American community research, and Asians in higher edu­cations. His community research focuses on politics, social institutions, education, the mass media, and civil rights. He is a prolific author who written articles for the mass media as well as for the academic community.

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CALA's Distinguished Service A ward

1987 Recipient (Each year, the Chinese American Librarians Association honors someone in the field of librarianship whose accomplishments have significantly advanced the cause of Chinese American librarianship.)

Chen-Ku Wang Director, National Central Library, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Mr. Wang, born in 1924 in P'uyang County [hsien] of Hoping Province, earned his B.A. at the University of China in 1948, and his M.L.S. at Vanderbilt University's George Peabody College in 1959.

He has served successively as lecturer, assistant professor and full professor at National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU). In 1977, the Ministry of Education appointed him director of the National Central Library, in which capacity he still serves. In addition, he has been the director of and a consultant to the Resource and Information Center for Chinese Studies since 1981.

Mr. Wang has been vigorous in promoting and initiating library activities of all kinds. He has been editor-in-chief and editor of the semiannual Journal of Library and Information Science, a joint publication of NTNU and the Chinese American Librarians Association, and of the earlier publication Library Science, published by the Library Association of China in 1980. Mr. Wang's publications include Collected Essays in Library Science (1984), Librarians hip in the U.S.A. (1974), Selection and Acquisition of Library Materials (ed. 5, 1984) and nearly one hundred essays on a wide variety of topics in library and information science.

The Distinguished Service Award is bestowed on Mr. Wang in recognition ofhis many contributions to the library profession.

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I Love the

Big Tangerine

The Chinese American Librarian Association's

Souvenir Guide to San Francisco Chinatown

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(The fol~owing is a brief guide prepared by CAIA member Carl C. Chan to acquaint you with the mar:y differ~nt. a_spects of Sa~ Francisco's. China_town. While it cannot cover everything that Chznatown zs, lt zs meant to gzve you a startzng pozntfor you to discover the charm and secrets of Chinatown on your own.)

Welcome to the Big Tangerine!

The tangerine (the mandarin orange, Citrus nobilis) is s~aller and more elegant than its citrus cousins, with a ncher flavor and looser skin. Very San Francisco. Very Chinese too.

It's a pun, which in Chinese culture is much more than a clever parlor game. It's the source of much of the symbolism rampant in Chinese customs, manners, and design.

In this particular case, Dai Gum, the Cantonese pronunciation of Big Tangerine, is a pun on Dai Gum, a shortened version of Gum San Dai Fow the traditio~al Cantonese name for San Francisco, m~aning Great City of the Golden Mountains.

A traditional use of this pun is the custom of bringing tangerines to your friends, especially for the first visit of the New Year. In the first layer of symbolism, the tangerines mean gold. The second la~er is gol~ symbolizing wealth and property. The ~rd layer IS the act of giving symbolizing the good wishes of the giver to the recipient.

This guide is a series of personal, impressionistic essays on Chinese heritage and San Francisco Chinatown, written by a fourth generation San Franciscan. We recommend you read the entire guide before you visit Chinatown, then read it again afterwards.

You Travel There on a Cable Car

Rogers and Hammerstein made a common mistake. A trolley car is not the same thing as a cable car. A cable car moves by gripping onto a moving cable in a slot under the street. A trolley car is powered by electricity collected from an overhead wire through a pole called the trolley. You'll see trolleys, both street cars and trolley buses, on Market Street, while cable cars travel up Powell Street. The cable car barn, power house and museum are on the western edge of Chinatown, in a residential section.

The best way of getting to Chinatown, not counting the cable car, is to walk. Parking is worse than impossible. If you have to drive, come early and park in one of the large public garages: St. Mary's Square, Portsmouth Square (fills up early), Vallejo Street, or Sutter-Stockton garages. Saturdays and Sundays are the worst days for traffic, with near total gridlock because of families who work during the week doing their shopping then, the suburbanites coming into get the hard-to-find items, and funeral processions.

Copyright 1987 by Carl C. Chan. The views expressed in this article are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Chinese American Librarian Association or its members. All credit and responsibility belong to the author.

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More driving tips: do not pass a cable car (or a trolley car) while it is stopped and taking on or letting o_fr passengers, unless it is at a raised loading island (Its both dangerous and against state law); on the steep part of Po~ell St., .a cable car always has the right of way, the signals will change for it, and it will stop to load and unload in the middle of an intersection; if you should be so fortunate as to find an on-street parking space, turn your wheels into the curb to stop your car if your brakes should fail.

A void high heels. If you're not used to walking up and down steep hills, it only makes matters worse. Don't let your party block the whole sidewalk while you're walking the town. Not only is auto traffic gridlocked in Chinatown on weekends, the pedestrian traffic is gridlocked too.

~hinatown can be divided into three parts: Tourist Ch!natown, Metropolitan Chinatown, and Neighborhood Chinatown. Tourist Chinatown is centered along Grant A venue from the Bush Street connection to the Union Square shopping area to Broadway. You'll find concentrated here the souvenir shops, of course, along with the art galleries, upscale art goods, fine furniture, camera and film shops.

Metropolitan Chinatown is along Washington and Jackson ~treets, where you'll find the greatest concentration of restaurants. This is mecca for both Chinese and non-Chinese looking for a good meal. Stockton Street is the center for Neighborhood Chinatown. Here you'll find most of the produce stores, fish, poultry and meat shops, delis, banks, churches, and community organizations.

Too tired to walk back to the hotel? The 30 Stockton will take you inbound to Union Square and outbound to Lombard St. The 1 California travels outbound on Sacramento Street to Van Ness Ave. and inbound on Oay St. to the Embarcadero.

Setting the record straight.

Most of the tour books have history all screwed up. Th~y'd have you ~elieving that most of the people of Chmese descent m the United States were packed together like Fresno raisins in a box eight blocks long ~d two blocks wide. And that they sit there grinning mscrutably ~o e~ch other each day, while spouting fortune cookie wisdom to each other, stopping only to fly some lice and sell you firecrackers under the counter.

This artificial image of Chinatown developed in the early years of this century by the white media, and even was encouraged to some extent by the Chinatown business community. If they couldn't stop the prejudice and discrimination the community suffered, at least they could get some profit out of it.

.Whatever elements of truth the standard images of Chmatown may have had, they have long since been made obsolete by post-World War II cultural, social,

and demographic changes, both within Chinatown and in society at large.

Chinatown is a complex, dynamic community, with many facets. Tourist books call Chinatown the biggest Chinese community outside Asia. This is both false and true. It is false as a geographic entity. Whether eight blocks or 30 blocks, it's awfully small. As a spiritual community, however, the truth is closer.

Chinatown is not a self contained community, but only a Central Business District. Most Chinese do not live in Chinatown, but in adjacent neighborhoods and outlying districts. A great many live in the surrounding suburbs and in smaller cities and rural areas throughout Northern California.

San Francisco Chinatown is not simply a quaint ethnic enclave; it is not just the hub of a true metropolitan and regional community; it is much more: It is he Heart of Chinese America.

Charlie Chan, Inc.

My uncle is Charlie Chan. This is the Honest-to-God, Cross-My-Heart-and-Hope-To-Die truth. He is not a detective; he's a retired butcher. He was also a high school football star,likes to go fishing and drink beer, and he is not inscrutable. Only his Honorable Daughters Numbers One through Five ever thought so, and that was only when they were between the ages of 13 and 21.

One of the problems with stereotyping is that bad stereotypes are driven out only to be replaced with so­called "good" stereotypes. Thus, the inscrutable, untrustworthy, unassimable "Yellow Peril" has now been replaced by the "Model Minority". A good stereotype is a lesser evil than a bad stereotype, but it is still an evil.

The evil in a stereotype is not whether it is a good or bad stereotype, but in the loss in individualism. It is the nature of humans to be individuals. That is one of the traits that separate us from other forms of life. The individual is distinct from the group and varies unpredictably. The individual is far more complex than any stereotype can portray. A stereotype may be statistically accurate, but is nsense when applied to the individual. I'd like to meet the famous family with 2.5 children.

The paradox is that discrimination and prejudice are fundamental human thought processes. We discriminate when we make distinctions and are prejudiced when we presume things based on those distinctions. We discriminate when we see a green rather than a red light, and we are prejudiced in assuming that it is safe to cross the intersection. We do this in every facet of life, often unconsciously. If we had to stop and think with every bit of information our minds received, we would be paralyzed with information overload.

The Middle Way, as Confucius called it, is knowing when to use the generalities, and when to watch out for the variation. Too often it is not safe to cross the intersection on a green light. We must be alert for reckless drivers, emergency vehicles, and backed up traffic. Likewise, we need to remember that any

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generalization concerning groups of people may at times be valuable, but that when dealing with individuals, the differences are often more important than the similarities.

In this guidebook, you'll learn a lot about Chinatown and the Chinese. Hopefully, you'll get a good feel for the diversity of people who make up the community. Still, it's generalities that you're getting. Don't be surprised if the next person of Chinese descent you meet doesn't fit any of the images you've picked up from this guide.

The Middle Kingdom

In Chinese, the name for China literally means the Middle Kingdom, the land at the center of the world. This is a reflection of the traditional Chinese worldview; it was the center, not just geographically, but culturally too. China was the fount of civilization, surrounded mostly by barbarians except for a few peoples who recognized the superiority of Chinese civilization and adopted it.

China and the United States are similar in area and lie at roughly the same latitudes. Peking is comparable in location to New York City, Shanghai to Washington, D.C., Canton to Miami, and San Francisco to being on the border with Afghanistan.

But China has over one billion people, while the U.S. has a little more than a quarter of that. Such large countries are highly diverse, both physically and socially. In both countries, most of the population is in the eastern sections, but in China, historical migration has been from north to sough rather than from east to west.

Both countries are fairly isolated and are protected by high mountains and wide deserts. Unlike the United States, China's three main rivers run west to east, rather than north to south, with rugged mountains in between. This has resulted, especially in the south, in a highly fragmented and isolated set of communities, with numerous mutually unintelligible dialects.

The eastern third of China is considered China proper. The western two thirds are mostly mountains and desert and are mostly occupied by minority peoples, such as the Tibetans, Mongols, and various Turkish groups. The 95% majority are known as the Han Chinese ethnic group.

A sensitive question is that of political jurisdiction. One or two? I'll duck that one by saying four. There's Mainland (Red, Communist, or People's Republic of) China, Taiwan (Free, Nationalist, or Republic of China), Hong Kong and Singapore. Mainland China is what most people think when one says "China", which is logical given its vast preponderance of land and population.

Taiwan is subtropical island about the size of Florida off the southeast coast of the Mainland. Hong Kong is a British Crown Colony on the southern coast near Canton. Singapore is an independent city-state located over a thousand miles south near Malaysia.

There are ethnic Chinese people all over the world. Most of them are in Southeast Asian countries, but there are significant numbers in Latin America as well

as North America.

The Beautiful Kingdom

The Chinese translation for the United States is May Gok or Mei Kuo, meaning Beautiful (May) Kingdom (Gok), derived from America.

According to the 1980 census, there were over 800,000 ethnic Chinese in the U.S., the largest Asian group, with over half in the West. 40% were in California, 18% in New York, and 7% in Hawaii. Other states with major concentrations (15-30,000) were Illinois, Texas, Massachussetts, New Jersey, Washington, and Maryland.

San Francisco is' actually not the city with the largest Chinese population within the city limits. Even in the 1970 census, New York City had a larger Chinese population. Today, Los Angeles may have a larger Chinese population. However, Chinese constitute a much larger proportion of San Francisco's population. San Francisco's total population is only 3/4 of a million compared with Los Angeles' three million and New York City's seven million. Only Honolulu has a comparable percentage.

Continued immigration and emmigration make 1980 figures obsolete. Estimates vary widely, but for our purposes, one can accept 150 to 200 thousand Chinese each in S.F., N.Y.C., and L.A.

There are Chinese all over the San Francisco metropolitan area. Each of the nine counties in the Bay Area probably has more Chinese than most states in the Union.

Oakland's Chinatown dates from the 19th century and is a major Chinatown in its own right. Unfortunately, it sits in the shadow of its big sister across the bay. (Poor Oakland gets dumped on all the time. " There's no There there," said Gertrude Stein, quoted out of context all the time. Like Newark, NJ, it can't seem to get any respect.)

One of the fastest growing Chinese populations is in Santa Clara County, the center of Silicon Valley, 30 minutes south of downtown San Francisco. A Chinatown has also started to develop in the town of Mountain View.

Sacramento, California's state capitol, probably has the largest Chinese population outside the San Francisco and Los Angeles metroplexes. Its Chinese population is largely suburbanized, but its Chinatown has managed to survive. Old time Chinese still call Sacramento Second City (Yee FowlEr Fu), from mining and railroad building days, when it was the major staging points for newcomers to either activity. Sorry Chicago, Sacramento was called Second City first!

Golden Memories, or, Pharoah Eat Your Heart Out.

China is the oldest continuing civilization on earth. Although other civilizations may have been earlier, they died· or were killed, to be replaced by yet other civilizations. China, on the other hand, conquered its invaders, even Communism. Chinese communism

14

owes much more to traditional Chinese values, including Confucianism, than it will admit.

The origins of Chinese civilization are shrouded in the murky mists of myth. By the time of Confucius and the Classical Age in China, which was contemporary with the Classical Age in Greece, the Chinese were already looking nostagically back towards a Golden Age. In 221 B.C. Chin Shih Wang­ti conquered all his rivals to become the first emperor of a united China. In the dynasties that followed, China alternated between periods of openness to foreign influences and periods of xenophobia.

The Ch'in Emperor was responsible for the Great Wall.of China. He connected existing walls into a continuous system to protect the agrarian civilization of the Chinese from invasion by the nomads of the northern steppes and deserts.

The Chinese imperial system was a caesero-papist system. As the Son of Heaven, the emperor was responsible for the rituals which assured the country of prosperity. If he failed in these responsibilities, natural disasters such as flood, famine and earthquake were signs that heaven had withdrawn his mandate to rule. In the Chinese cyclical theory of history, a new vigorous dynasty would arise and seize the mandate to restore the empire to the peace and prosperity of the mythical golden age.

Discounting the progressive aspects of history, China looked backward and sat content. Although technological innovation continued, it was despite cultural indifference, and not because of any official encouragement. The technological initiative passed to the West.

China is part of a larger cultural area that includes Korea, Japa..,, and Vietnam in its core area. All share a Confucian political and ethical foundation with a Buddhist overlay.

Golden Dreams.

Did the Chinese discover America before Columbus? Some ancient texts and modern archaeological finds suggest so. Poor Columbus, he doesn't get any respect anymore.

Coming up to more modern times, the Chinese were like everyone else, rushing to California in 1849 after gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill, but they were driven out of the best gold fields by violence and discriminatory laws.

Turning to other endeavors, they laid the foundations of the California economy. These pioneers built the western end of the Transcontinental Railroad, part of which rises from near sea level to over 7000 feet in less than 100 miles, plus many other western railroads. They built the levees and drained the swamps in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and the Great Central Valley, some of the richest agricultural land in the country. They founded the commercial fishing industry, catching shrimp and abalone as well as fin fish, which were then dried and exported to the Orient.

During the rest of the 19th century, discrimination and violence continued to mount, even as the

--------------------~-----

population of the Chinese rose to 10% of California's population. Chinese withdrew from vulnerable rural areas of the state into the relative safety of the cities, especially San Francisco. Forced out of more lucrative businesses, Chinese concentrated in low capital, labor intensive, low prestige occupations such as restaurants, laundries and cigar manufacturing.

In 1880, the Chinese were virtually barred from immigrating into the United States under the first racially based immigration regulations. Up until then, there were few immigration barriers for any ethnic groups. For forty years, more barriers went up, until the 1924 immigration laws established national origin quotas, aimed at freezing the country's ethnic make up.

The Chinese had no choice. Now segregated, they tried to build a self-sufficient community. The attitude of the regular city government was, at best, benign neglect. The city within a city was born. But it grew slowly, after declining for many years, because so few women and children were here when immigration was prohibited.

During the first half of the twentieth century, Chinatown developed into the Gilded Ghetto beloved of the tour books. Since, and because of, World War II, the Chinese community has broken out of the ghetto into the mainstream of American life. Social change has come so quickly, both in Chinatown and in American society in general, that books about the community, written just five years ago no longer reflect the realities of Chinatown.

Chasing Dreams Through World War II, Chinatown was truly an urban village. The overwhelming majority of Chinese originated in an area about the size of Connecticut. That's as if all the Americans in the Soviet Union came from Dolly Parton's home town.

In order to outwit the discriminatory immigration ban, Chinese attempted to immigrate as sons of Chinese already here. In order to outwit the would be immigrants, immigration authorities turned the process into a surrealistic TV game show. Immigrants were locked up on the ironically named Angel Island, and subjected to such questions as: when you sit on the toilet in your father's house, what compass direction are you facing? If your answer didn't match the answer your purported father gave the immigration authorities, you were deported back to China.

By the time World War II started, there were a great many American-born Chinese in the community. The war brought big changes. With Japan as an enemy and China as an ally, the government put Japanese­Americans in concentration camps while Chinese­Americans wore buttons proclaiming "I am Chinese!" and staged rallies promoting war bonds. More importantly, the labor shortage broke down job discrimination. Employers found that Chinese were as capable as anyone else. Housing discrimination broke down more slowly, however.

Immigration laws were reformed in 1964, letting loose eight decades of immigration demand. The newcomers took over the cramped ghetto housing that the newly successful American-born middle class left

15

for homes in outlying neighborhoods and suburbia. Without this new immigration, Chinatown would be a shadow of its former self, just as neighboring North Beach is losing its Italian flavor. Instead, Chinatown is more than holding its own against the forces of yuppie gentrification. North Beach is now more Chinese than Italian.

Within Chinatown, the formerly tight knit village has become a babble of dialects and non-Chinese languages. The new immigrants come from Hong Kong, Taiwan and many parts of Mainland China as well as from the same rural areas of the old immigrants. Instability in Southeast Asia has brought ethnic Chinese and native ethnic groups alike from those areas.

Immigration is so great that there is a New Chinatown on Oement Street near Golden Gate Park. One recent study claims that Chinese and other Asians and Pacific Islanders combined now match and will soon clearly surpass the white population to be the largest of the ethnic groupings in the City.

Oatmeal, horse manure, and other magic tricks. There are two ways to change oatmeal to horse manure. One is Samuel Johnson's way, which apparently works everywhere but in Scotland. That is to feed it to horses and wait. The second way is to go into a Chinese coffee shop for breakfast and order oatmeal. A local Chinese term for oatmeal or any other hot cereal is a transliteration of the English word 'mush'. If you get the tones wrong, it turns into the words for horse manure (rna sze). Perhaps that's why I have always preferred bacon and eggs.

As you may conclude, tones are very important in Chinese. Tones, or inflections, are one or two note musical pitches. English uses inflections sparingly. Say the following -- Q: Going home? A: Going home! Notice your voice goes up in the question and down in the exclamation. Similar things happen to every sound in Chinese to distinguish entirely different words. In Mandarin Chinese, there are four tones, but in Cantonese Chinese, there are nine.

Chinese is actually not a single language but a language family. What are usually called dialects are separate languages, as different as Portugese, French and Italian. Like the Romance languages, the Chinese languages have a common ancestor, and numerous dialects. Although Mandarin is the language of the vast majority of people in China, and its standardized form is the official language of both Taipei and Beijing, Cantonese is the lingua franca of Chinatown as well as most of the Chinese communities in Southeast Asia. Among the old immigrants in Chinatown, the original dialect is a form of Cantonese called Sze Yup. Although it is considered something of hillbilly drawl, I think it has rustic charms. One of the distinctive sound shifts is the use of a consonant halfway between an 's' and an '1' , a deliberate lisp.

Written Chinese is something else again. Chinese does not have an alphabet and is not phonetic. Whether written in the terse classical style, or in the modem plain language style, it can be understood by a speaker of any dialect. Each basic word is represented by a

single, unique character. They originated in pictograms, but they've been modified by thousands of years of stylization and the need to depict abstract concepts. Each character must be memorized. It is estimated that you need to have a vocabulary of 4000 characters to read the daily newspaper. The bright side of this is that if you can't understand someone else's dialect, you can always write the message out and shed a little light on the subject. . No sample vocabulary and pronunciation guide is mcluded here for two reasons: First, if you try to slowly say something out of your phrase book to a clerk in a store or deli, the hordes rushing to get their shopping done and back to work, home to cook or back to catch the rest of Search for Tomorrow, will trample you in the dust. Second, you need to practice well on good friends who'll understand when you tell them you're feeding them horse manure for breakfast.

Hairy Melons and Sea Cucumbers

Your tour of Chinatown starts off with-- what else? -- food stuffs. If you have had nothing else to do with Chinese before, you almost certainly have had some Chinese food, even if iit came to you via Chung King orLaChoy.

Why should this be so? There is both a sociological reason and a gastronomical reason. The sociological reason is that because of discrimination in other industries, the Chinese had to form their own businesses in areas that didn't compete with the majority. Cooking was one of these, as it was usually considered women's work.

The gastronomical reason is that Chinese cuisine is the best in the world. French cuisine just doesn't cut the mustard. (Sorry, is my prejudice showing?)

Finally, there's a cultural reason too. Food is one of the primary forms of communications in Chinese culture. Florists may hope you would say it with flowers. For the Chinese, you'd better say it with food first, or else you may find yourself eating some specially treated ox skin brought to your mouth by a lower extremity. Celebrations almost always demand food. Sometimes food is the only thing which makes something a celebration.

Chinese must be food fanatics. Eating Chinese seems to be the last thing lost in the scale of assimilation measures. Chinese don't eat to fill themselves up. They eat to enjoy themselves. Even in the humblest households, they are gastonomes in a way. The ingredients must be of top quality. They must be fresh. You'll notice all the produce stores have open crates propped up, and all the customers are frantically pawing through looking for the best, the ripest, the juiciest.

Even in a suburban supermarket, the Chinese shopper will most likely pass up the prepackaged vegetables and go to the u-pick bins. In Chinatown, you'll pass by fish markets with tanks of live fish from which the customer can choose. There is still at least one poultry shop where you can see the crates with live chickens cackling away. And where else can you see so many old fashioned butcher shops cutting meat to

16

order? You were wondering where the hairy melons and

the sea cucumbers came in. One of the strengths of Chinese cuisine is the variety of ingredients it uses. Some suggest that it is a relic of the hunting and gathering economy of prehistory. Others point to the chronic population pressures on the land. Almost anything which moves or grows has been tried at least once. This is true especially for the Cantonese, who are reputed among other Chinese for eating things they normally wouldn't.

As American as Chop Suey.

The main difference between Chinese cuisine and western cuisine is not so much what is cooked, but how it is eaten. A Chinese meal is never, never, never served on individual plates. A Chinese meal is too much of a social affair. Individual servings separate people into their separate compartments. Food must be served in communal dishes.

Without the communal dishes, much of the elaborate ritual of playing host and guest would be impossible. Picture a round table of ten with a lazy susan in the middle. The waiter brings out several dishes. The host jumps up, picks the best piece and lifts it towards his guest's bowl. The guest jumps up and protests that the host needn't bother. Host insists, guest refuses, several times until finally the guest relents and accepts. Meanwhile, everyone else at the table is pairing off and trying to serve his neighbor, all at the same time. No wonder Chinese restaurants are always so noisy!

This ritual is especially enjoyable to watch when the dish in question happens to be quail eggs and button mushrooms and the diners are using plastic chopsticks. More than one egg or mushroom has been known to soar through the wild blue yonder or roll down the aisle because the diner lost his grip on these squishy, slippery balls of delectations during the throes of transport and gesticulation.

Here's an old mother's dictum to keep you from getting hungry an hour after eating Chinese: Eat a morsel of rice with every morsel of meat and vegetables. It's the rice that fills you up and stays in the stomach longer. It's also meant to keep you from turning into a glutton. Food was precious in China, and not to be wasted. Rice is the staff of life, and the other dishes were meant to send the rice on its way down your throat with a little bit of flavoring.

But you want to know what restaurant I recommend? Sorry. The Chinatown restaurant scene is much too volatile. There are food fads in Chinatown, too. Right now, Szechuan is in, so every restaurant tries to have at least a few Szechuan dishes on its menu to cash in on it. What kind of restaurant should you go to?

The main regional styles are: Cantonese, Szechuan/Hunan, Shanghai, and Northern/Shantung. Cantonese is the lightest and the least likely to offend (unless you pick strange ingredients). Northern/Shantung is the heaviest/heartiest. Shanghai is the saltiest and sweetest, while Szechuan/Hunan is the spiciest. It would be difficult to pick a disaster,

though, because most restaurants cook a variety of styles, and, because of fierce competition for the local trade, can be counted on to be at least competent, or else they would be out of business very quickly.

Finally, a word on dim sum. This is a Cantonese specialty, a tea lunch. It's a reverse cafeteria where the little dishes come to you. Go early, some places have lonnnnng lines.

Eye of Frog and Tail of Newt.

In Cantonese tradition, especially, the line between food and medicine can become pretty blurry at times. Chicken stewed in vodka and pigs feet stewed in black vinegar are both foods with a health and nutritional aspect and with a celebratory aspect. They are both fed to new mothers to help them get their strength back after childbirth. In addition, anyone visiting the mother is fed some of the concoctions.

On the other hand, some potions are heavy with the medicinal herbs, whose tastes cannot be disguised, no matter what sweet herbs and seasonings are added.

You should be able to spot at least one herb shop on your visit to Chinatown. The old style shops are more photogenic, with one or both walls covered with banks of beautifully finished wooden drawers, while some newer shops have rows of clear jars.

Some herb mixtures are mild and taken for common minor symptoms or as preventives, like over the counter drugs, while others are taken only after consultation with an herb doctor. This type of doctor makes diagnoses only by discussing the symptoms with the patient and taking a very detailed pulse reading.

Our title comes not from the Chinese, of course, but from Shakespeare. Most of the medicines to be seen in the herb shop are vegetable products, but there are animal products as well. One is a type of salamander that has been flattened and dried, and another is a sea horse.

One famous herb is ginseng. It is the closest thing in the herb shop to a cure-all. It is more in the nature of a preventive than a cure. People take it regularly as they would take vitamins. It is taken for many conditions, including sexual vitality.

Acupuncture has gotten a lot of press because of its novelty to westerners. The placement of needles has got to be very precise in order to have the desired effect. You may see an acupuncture chart in a physician's display. These acupuncture points have been refined over the centuries, but what is always surprising is that the insertion points aren't anywhere near the problem area.

The philosophical thread that links these various types of treatment together is a sort of holistic approach to the body. Illness attacks because of weakness and disharmony in the systems that govern the body. This does not mean the rejection of western style medicine. They can and do ·coexist. On Jackson St. you can see Chinese Hospital, a new facility built by and for the Chinese community to replace a sixty year old facility also built entirely by the community, to service the special linguistic, dietary and social considerations of

17

the community.

Feeding hungry ghosts

The Chinese religious attitude differed considerably from the West. Western religions -- Christianity, Judaism, and Islam -- are exclusivist religions. God is a jealous god. China, in contrast, has been described as syncretic. People would obsetve and subscribe to as many of the beliefs and practices as they deemed applicable to them. The three traditional teachings are sometimes regarded as complementing each other. A traditional saying is that when you are with the party in power, you are Confucianist, when you are with the party out of power, you are a Taoist, and when you are close to death, you are Buddhist.

Confucianism is not a religion, but a system of ethics and political philosophy. It advocates moderation, governance by moral example, and acknowledgement of one's role in society. Taoism can be both philosophy and religion. The first is an ascetic philosophy, advocating a withdrawal from the world. The other had added over the ages a pantheon of gods and goddesses and various spiritual practices and beliefs remote from the original philosophy. Buddhism, as most commonly practiced in China, emphasized good deeds and earning merits to escape the cycle of reincarnation and to enter the western paradise.

Several specific practices should be noted. Geomancy involves the belief that the topography is spiritually alive, and that your activities and buildings are affected by their locale and orientation. So-called ancestor worship is another practice. This practice is the act of recognizing the existance of the ancestors and communicating with them spiritually. As with many religious practices, it can be interpreted in several ways.

Traditional beliefs in the hereafter reflected the reality of the here and now. Heaven and Hell were both multi-leveled bureaucracies with emperors, cabinet officers, and officious officials. On death, a proper send-off by one's children required plenty of food, money, clothing, etc. for use in the after life. Originally the real items were buried with the body, but eventually paper representations became usual. Those are the origins of joss paper.

Few temples are open to the public. They are usually on the top floor of buildings to be closer to heaven and permit the lower levels their commercial earning power.

Searching for the Pagoda.

You wonder, is Chinatown for real? Or is it some sort of Disneyland movie set with cute facades and squeaky clean attendants who go back to the suburbs at night?

Stop looking at the shop windows and look up to the painted balconies and parapets. It's true that these are little bits of Chinoiserie tacked onto utilitarian masonry. However, that's how utilitarian buildings were built in China, too.

You won't find any grand, palatial Chinese

buildings here. That kind of architecture you will fmd only in palaces and temples in spacious parks. The closest you will find is the old Telephone Exchange on Washington St. (now the Bank of Canton).

What you do see in Chinatown are living as well as working spaces for thousands of people. Some have called Chinatown a Gilded Ghetto. This is true. Chinatown is mostly Chinese; the people are mostly poor; they are overcrowded; they don't really have alternatives.

The other buildings you see are the institutional homes of the Chinese community. On Sacramento St. is the Nam Kue School, one of the Chinese language schools set up to pass on the language and culture to a younger generation. These schools generally conducted classes afternoons and evenings after the regular public schools let out.

On Waverly Place you can see a number of headquarters for the family, district, and fraternal organizations. These organizations were formed in the 19th century for mutual benefit and protection. In those days, the Chinese were left to fend entirely for themselves. The family association was formed on the basis of surname relationship. Traditional family temples in China kept extremely detailed genealogies, some going back over a thousand years. The district associations were formed on the basis of origin from the same county in China.

The big daddy of all these associations is the Consolidated Chinese Benevolent Association, more familiarly known as the Chinese Six Companies, and whose headquarters is on Stockton St. For years, it acted as the umbrella organization of Chinatown and liaison with the white power structure. Since World War II, with the diversification of the Chinatown population and the suburbanization of the American­born Chinese, these traditional organizations have had to share influence in the community with new organizations set up to meet the changing interface requirements of the larger society. .

At the far end of Chinatown on Powell Street past Vallejo Street, is a non-descript building with an unobtrusive sign indicating the location of the Cathay Post of the American Legion. Chinese-Americans have fought for their country not only in Vietnam and Korea, but also World War II and even World War I.

Mountains and Water.

The Chinese phrase for landscape are the words "mountain" and "water". The queen of the Chinese art are brush painting and calligraphy. These were considered suitable extensions of the genteel work of scholarship, as they use the same instruments and supplies the scholar utilizes in his daily work.

San Francisco has one of the greatest collection of Asian art in the world, located at the Asian Art Museum in Golden Gate Park. Only a fraction of the collection can be exhibited at one time, and it is, therefore, constantly changing.

Landscapes are the most common form of paintings available. In landscapes, you'll notice that any people included are very tiny. This convention is not due to a

18

lack of figure painting skills but as a reminder of man's insignificance before nature.

Jade is the favorite gemstone of the Chinese. It is regarded as having mystical qualities beyond the simple fact of its beauty. Ivory and coral are two other materials which complement the jade.

There are any number of arts and hardicraft items that are suitable for souvenirs. There are simple paper cuts, a true folk form. There are carved cork pictures and miniature carved walnut shells. There are exquisite sheer double sided embroidery. One shouldn't forget the wide range of ceramic articles. . You will notice that there are as many or more Jewelry stores in the Metropolitan and Neighborhood oriented parts of Chinatown as there are in Tourist Chinatown. Note, however, the difference in the products put out in the display cases. You'll notice a predominance of hammered gold plaques and medallions and jade. These gold plaques and medallions are popular for several reasons. They are used as gifts on special occasions such as 50th wedding anniversaries and 70th birthdays. The most popular motif seems to be the peach, which is a symbol of longevity. The gold content of the gifts is also significant. Many immigrants came from countries where political instability meant that savings in those countries could plunge to worthlessness in the next crisis, whereas gold would alway retain its inherent value.

If you have frequented Asian collections, you may have noticed the paucity of gold and silver objects. This is not because of lack of skills in metal working. I have seen exquisite crowns in the Palace Museum in Beijingg, and wondered. I suspect that the main reason is that these precious metals can be recycled, whereas the destruction of other artworks results in a total loss in value.

Whatever your taste, you should be able to find lots of things to choose from. Or if you just want to look, be my guest. Don't linger too long, however. There are too many other things to see and do while you're here

High Steps and High Notes.

The performing arts have traditionally had a low priority in the Chinese order of things. Their itinerant life-style and emphemeral product were ranked by the fuddy-duddy Confucian powers at the bottom of the status heap.

Even today, Chinese parents tend to discourage their children from the arts. "There's no money in it! There's no security! How can you raise a family?"

If.a Chinese folk dance troupe had to do a program of purely Han Chinese folk dancing, it would be a very short program indeed. I haven't seen a single Chinese folk dance program that wasn't fleshed out by dances from the various ethnic minorites in China.

One art form which did thrive early on in the United States was Cantonese opera. As early as the 1850's, traveling troupes from China would perform in San Francisco and tour the mining (and later on, the railroad) camps. Unfortunately, the advent of television

and the increase of American-born Chinese caused a precipitous drop in its popularity in the 1950's. With the renewal of immigration in the 1960's and the increased ethnic consciousness of the 1970's, a renewal of interest has occured although it is still a long way from the establishment of a permanent troupe. If you're lucky, when you're strolling near some of the traditional organization headquarters, you may hear a recorded version of Cantonese opera. The style of singing cultivates a kind of falsetto which people unused to it might find shrill.

Most of the theatres which formerly hosted Cantonese (and occassionally Peking) opera, now show Chinese language films. They are mostly B­movie types of costume dramas, modem pot-boilers, etc. Many of them have subtitles in both Chinese and English, because Cantonese speakers won't understand Mandarin dialogue and vice versa.

The one type of folk dance, cum athletic exercise, which is still very much alive and well in Chinatown is the Lion Dance. Lion dance troupes are often connected with a martial arts group. In the traditional village, however, it was a function of village life rather than the voluntary group responsible for it here in urban America. The Lion Dance performs the spiritual function of driving away evil spirits. A local angle adapted to urban American life is that during the New Year celebration, Lion Dance troupes criss-cross Chinatown raising money for the Chinese Hospital. The Lion dances in front of each business, and at the climax, the propriator "feeds" the lion with a head of lettuce whose leaves represent greenbacks.

Early Risers and Night Owls

What do Chinese do to relax (in addition to what other Americans do)? If you get up at dawn and jog down to Portsmouth Square, you can probalbly catch the T'ai Ch'i exercisers. Unlike other martial arts related exercises, T'ai Ch'i has no exertion, but is based on the principles of concentration and fluidity. As with other traditional practices, the 1950's were a low point, with a revival since the 60's and 70's.

Other activities you will see later in the day at Portsmouth Square are the checkers and chess games. For every player, there are plenty of kibbitzers. If you join them, you'll see that these are traditional Chinese versions of the games.

If you go to one of the other parks close by, St. Mary's Square, you'll see a stainless steel statue of Sun Yat -sen, the Father of the Chinese Republic sculpted by San Franciso's Italian-American Benjamin Bufano. The Chinese communities of the United States, small as they were, played a major supporting role in the fall of the Ch'ing Dynasty and establishment of a republic in China in 1912.

Sun Yat-sen was educated in Hawaii and became a medical doctor before being submerged in political activity. He conducted strategy discussions, recruited operatives and raised money from Chinese communities here in the States. He is claimed as a mentor by both the Communists and the Nationalists.

If you continue strolling by some of the travel

19

agencies around the beginning of the weekend, you'll probably see charted buses with the inscriptions "Tahoe" or "Reno" on their fronts. Yes, gambling is a major recreation for the Chinese of Chinatown. Keno is a Chinese game and Pai Gow is a form of dominoes. These games are not limited to casino gambling.

Mah jongg is a popular parlor game. Like bridge players, y~u have all sorts of mah jongg players. They c~.be 9uite casual or ~eadly serious. May jongg is similar m structure to gm. However, it is played with tiles about 3/4 inch by 1 inch by 1 1!2 inch. It would not be the same if played with cards (which have been manufactured). The clickity clack of the shuffling of tiles give a festive air to the game.

Some people are workalcoholics, or just have to work to make ends meet. For Chinese, the one time of year you have to stop working is the New Year holiday. You exchange visits, eat special foods and just relax.

Other festivals which retain important observances are Ch'ing Ming, the Festival of the Sweeping of the Tombs (in April); the Dragon Boat Festival (mid­summer); and the Moon Festival (autumn).

Silk and Bamboo.

Silk and bamboo are the symbols of the scholarly occupation. Silk is the material that is written on and bamboo is the material of which the brush is made.

Eduacation has always had the highest priority in the Chinese family. In the old villages, the clan organization usually supported a school where all the boys would be sent to J!et at least the rudiments of literacy. From the modern pedagogic viewpoint, the technique left a lot to be desired. It was almost completely rote learning. Texts were traditional: simple works like the Thousand Word Classic at the beginning, with complete texts of the Confucian classics at advanced levels.

Parents are convinced that hard worlc alone will get good grades. Demanding parents are common - often the reaction will be "why one B instead of all A's?" It should be noted that all those Asians getting super grades and prizes are the immediate immigrants, pers_on~ with something important to prove. Evidence is beginnmg to accumulate that the longer families are established in the United States the more like the average American in academic acheivement the children will be. . Emphasis on education translates, in part, to mcreas~d usage of the public library. Not suprisingly, the Chmatown Branch of the San Francisco Public Library, on Powell Street between Washington and Jackson, has the heaviest use of any branch in the system.

Two must-sees on you tour of Chinatown are the Chinese Historical Society Museum (Adler Place) and the Pacific Heritage Museum (Commercial St. near Montgomery). Both are small but have excellent exhibits. You must plan carefully, however, not to miss them because of their limited hours.

There are quite a few bookstores in Chinatown, some quite small, which offer materials soley in

Chinese. One bookstore, on Stockton near Colubmus, is bilingually oriented and has an excellent selection of English language materials.

If you are surprised at the number of bookstores, you'll be amazed at the number of newspapers and magazines in Chinese which are not just sold, but produced locally. The current riches in newspapers were not evident just a decade ago. At that time, rapidly rising costs made for a very pessimistic picture. Technology such as computer typesetting and satellite trasmission have changed that. The downside of this phenomenon is that local editions of foreign papers direct local Chinese attention toward affairs in Hong Kong, Taipei and Beijing and away from affairs in San Francisco.

Rice Farmers and Computer Magnates.

Sit down in the park and just people watch. You'll realize how really different all those people are.

Did that eldery gent have to spend time on Angel Island to convince immigration authorities to let him in those sixty long years ago? With that twang and easy laughter, he must have come straight from the village. (When you look out over the Bay, Angel Island is the bigger island beyond Alcatraz near the Marin County side of the Bay).

Did you see that tiny woman hobbling along, but still with head regally erect? She was born here to a well to do merchant family. But they bound her feet in the old style so they were only half the length they would have been if left to grow naturally. It is so painful for her to get across the plaza. She was married off at 14 and now has a dozen great-great grand children.

Then there's that teenager. She's got a punk hairdo and a punky outfit on. A hard one to figure out. She's running across the plaza and bumps into an elderly

20

man. She stops and helps the stranger up, apologizing and addressing him as Ah Gung, or Grandfather. ~· looks can be deceiving. Still you sympathize With her Mom who can't help worring she'll fall in with the wrong crowd.

You pick up an English language Chinese community weekly. The head of Silicon Valley microchip company announces a new product. A group of Berkeley professors and students is unpset about remarks by the Chancellor on newly announced admission criteria that seems to imply there were: enough Asians in the student body.

Someone is setting up a loudspeaker system. He tells you there's to be a rally concerning the killing of a Chinese-American engineer in Detroit by an unemployed auto worker who called him a Jap and blamed him for all the unemployment.

A string of firecrackers explodes across the street. There's March Fong Eu, California Secretary of State, and Thomas Hsieh, member of the Board of Supervisors of the City and County of San Francisco. There's a Lion Dance and a dozen large philodendron plants with red foil and long red ribbons with inscriptions on them. They're opening a new restaurant and who's that cutting the ribbon? Why it's Miss Chinatown USA! Should you ask for her autograph? Naw, not enough chutzpah. Suddenly you realize you're hungry. So you go into the bakery next door and ask for two cha siew bow, roast pork buns.

A hundred faces, now no longer inscrutable. A hundred faces with a hundred life stories. If only you could stay longer.

You pause at the p'ai lou, the ceremonial Chinatown gate (Bush St. and Grant Ave) as you leave. The insscription reads: "Let all under heaven be filled with a civic spirit." And you realize that the great tangerine bridge, the Golden Gate, is San Francisco's Pai Lou, with its wordless message of hopes and dreams.

San Francisco Conference · Map

Map Key 1 Cathedral Hill 2 Holiday Inn-Civic Ctr. 3 Holiday lnn-Financ. Distr. 4 Holiday Inn-Union Sq. *5 Hyatt-Embarcadero ALA Hqtrs I Hyatt-Unlon Sq. 7 Merldien I Portman I Ramada Renaissance

10 San Franciscan U S. F. Hilton 12 Sheraton Palace 13 Sir Francis Drake 14 Westin St. Francis

*A Moscone Convention Ctr. ALA Hqtrs 8 Civic Audi•orium C S. F. Public Library

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Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, Golden Gate Park (4 mi) Clement St. "New Chinatown· (4 mi) Institute of Chinese-Western Cultural History,

University of San Francisco (3 mi)

Angel Island State Park (Ellis Island of the West), Marin County (7 mi by ferry)

Chinese Camp State Park (Last Chinese shrimping village on S.F. Bay), Marin County (25 mi)

Asian-American Studies Ubrary, University of California, Berkeley (15 mi) Locke (last surviving rural Chinatown in the U.S.),

Sacramento River Delta (50 mi) Oakland Museum (outstanding regional, historical and ethnic collections),

Oakland (10 mi)

Ning Yeung Chinese Cemetery and Lok Shan Chinese Cemetery, Colma (10 mi)

Silicon Valley (fast growing Chinese community), (30 to 60 mi, from Stanford University south past San Jose)

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SELECTED POINTS OF INTEREST PARKING (PUBLIC GARAGES) P1 Sutter-Stockton P2 St. Mary's Square P3 Portsmouth Square P4 North Beach, Vallejo St.

ARCHITECTURE A1 Ceremonial Gateway, Grant Ave. & Bush St. A2 Bank of Canton (Old Telephone Exchange), 743 Washington

BOOKSTORES (STOCKING BOTH ENGLISH AND CHINESE MATERIALS) B1 East Wind, 1435-A Stockton * • Numerous Stores Stock Solely Chinese Materials

COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS C1 Consolidated Chinese Benevolent Assn ("The Six Companies"), 843 Stockton C2 Victory Hall, 829 Stockton C3 Kuomintang, 844 Stockton C4 Chinese-American Citizens Alliance, 1074 Stockton C5 American Legion, Cathay Post #384, 1524 Powell C6 Veterans of Foreign Wars, Chinatown Post #4618, 738 Grant Ave. C7 YMCA, 855 Sacramento C8 ' YWCA, 965 Clay C9 \ Chinese for Affirmative Action, 17 Walter U. Lum Place

LIBRARIES Ll Chinatown Branch, SF Public, 1135 Powell * Asian-American Studies Library, U. of California, Berkeley * Institute of Chinese-Western Cultural History, U. of S.F.

MUSEUMS M1 M2 M3 M4

Chinese Historical Society of America, 17 Adler Place Chinese Culture Center, 750 Kearny, 3rd Floor Pacific Heritage Museum, 608 Commercial

* Cable Car Barn & Museum, Washington & Mason Asian Art Museum, Golden Gate Park

NEWSPAPERS N1 Asian Week (English language weekly), 809 Sacramento N2 East/West (Bi-lingual weekly), 838 Grant Ave., 3rd floor N3 Chinese Times (oldest locally published Chinese daily), 686 Sacramento

RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS (excluding Christian churches) R1 Buddha's Universal Church, 720 Washington R2 Ching Chung Taoist Assn, 532 Grant R3 Kong Chow Temple, 855 Stockton R4 Tin Hou Temple, 125 Waverly Place

SCHOOLS S1 Nam Kue, 755 Sacramento

THEATERS T1 Great Star, 636 Jackson T2 Chinatown, 756 Jackson T3 World, 44 Broadway

• indicates points not on main map

4

Bibliographies on

Asian-Atnericans

We hope these bibliographies will help our fellow librarians in increasing the amount of Asian-American materials available in their collections, regardless of the size or focus of the collections.

21

ASIAN AMERICANS: BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Ashum, Lawrence F., Resettlement of Indochinese Refugees in the United States: A Selective and Annotated Bibliography. [Dekalb, Ill.] Center for South East Asian Studies, Northern Illinois University, c1983. 212 pp.

Asian American Librarians' Caucus Bibliography Committee, Asian Americans: An Annotated Bibliography for Public Libraries. Chicago : American Library Association, 1977. 47 pp.

Asian Pacific American Research Seminars, National Association for Asian and Pacific American Education, Selected Bibliography on Asian and Pacific American Children and Families. Los Angeles : Asian Pacific American Research Seminars, 1981. 43 pp.

Bilotta, John, Bibliography of Psychological and Educational Research on Asians in America. 12 pp.

Hirabayashi, Lane Ryo, Asian American Community Studies: Selected References. Chicago : CPL Biblographies, 1982. 31 pp.

Kitano, Harry H. L., Asian Americans: An Annotated Bibliography. Los Angeles : Asian American Studies Center, University of California, 1971. 76 pp.

Morishima, James K. et al., Handbook of Asian American/Pacific Islander Mental Healt~vol. 1. Rockville, Md. National Institute of Mental Health, 1979. 134 pp.

May, Peter, An Annotated List of Selected Resources for Promoting and Developing an Understanding of Asian Americans. Trenton, N.J. Dept. of Education, Office of Equal Opportunity, 1978. 45 pp.

Steuben, Raymond L., Asian American Bibliography. Hayward : California State University, 1973. 143 pp.

Tong, Te-Kong and Robert Wu, The Third Americans: A Select Bibliography on Asians in America, with Annotations. Oak Park, Ill. : CHCUS, 1980. 69 pp.

University of California, Davis, Asian American Studies, Asians in America: A Selected, Annotated Bibliography. -- Expanded and revised edition Davis : University of California, Davis, 1983. 292 pp.

Wong, James I., A Selected Bibliography on the Asians in America. Palo Alto, Calif. : R & E Associates, 1981. 135 pp.

Yoshitomi, Joan et al., Asians in the Northwest: An Annotated Bibliography. -seattle : Asian American Studies Program, University of washington, 1978. 92 pp.

Compiled by Wei Chi Poon, Head Librarian Asian American Studies Library, UCB

22

ASIAN AMERICANS: REFERENCE TOOLS

Asian Pacific American Research Seminars (camp.), Asian Pacific American Resource Directory, 1982. Berkeley : National Association for Asian and Pacific American Education, 1982.

Center for South East Asian Refugee Resettlement, If You Mean Business: A Manual for South East Asian Refugees. San Francisco The Center, 1984.

Gardner, Robert w. et al., Asian Americans: Growth, Change and Diversity. Washington : Population Reference Bureau, 1985.

Haines, David W. (ed.), Refugees in the U.S.: A Reference Book. Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press, 1985.

Herman, Masako (camp. and ed.), The Japanese in America, 1843-1973: A Chronology and Fact Book. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y. : Oceana Publications, 1974.

Indochina Project, A Guide for Helping Indochinese Refugees in the United States. Washington : Indochina Project, 1980.

Josey, E. J. and Marva L. DeLoach (eds.), Ethnic Collections in Libraries. New York : Neal-Schumann, 1983.

Kim, Hyung-chan (camp. and ed.), The Filipinos in America, 1898-1974: A Chronology and Fact Book. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y. : Oceana Publications, 1976.

Kim, Hyung-chan (camp. and ed.), The Koreans in America, 1882-1974: A Chronology and Fact Book. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y. Oceana Publications, 1974.

Nakanashi, Don T. et al., The UCLA Asian Pacific American Voter Registration Study.--ros Angeles : Asian Pacific American Legal Center, 1986.

and Bernie c. La Forteza (camps.), The National Asian/Pacific American Roster, 1984. Los Angeles : Resource Development and Publications, Asian American Studies Center, University of California, 1984.

Pacific Asian Elderly Research Project, National Directory of Services to the Pacific Asian Elderly. Los Angeles : Pacific Asian Elderly Research Project. 1977.

Poon, Wei Chi, Directory of Asian American Collections in the United States. Berkeley : Asian American Studies Library, University of California, 1982.

Thernstrom, Stephen (ed.), Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups. Cambridge , Mass. : The Belknap Press of Harvard University, 1980.

Compiled by Wei Chi Poon, Head Librarian Asian American Studies Library, UCB

CHINESE AMERICANS: BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Berkeley Public Library, Chinese American: An Annotated Bibliography. Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Public Library, 1977. 9 pp.

Chinn, Lori, Mimi Fellores and Ruthanne Lum McCunn, A Bibliography of Chinese and Chinese American Resource Materials. Berkeley : Babel Lau Center, 1979. 292 pp.

Hansen, Gladys C. and William F. Heintz, The Chinese in California: A Brief Bibliographical History. Portland, Ore. : Richard Abel & Co., 1970. 140 pp., ill.

Lai, Him Mark, A History Reclaimed: An Annotated Bibliography of Chinese Language Materials on the Chinese of America. Los Angeles Asian American Studies Center, University of California, 1986. 152 pp.

Lau, Chau-Mun, The Chinese in Hawaii: A Checklist of Chinese Materials in the Asia and Hawaiian Collections of the University of Hawaii Library: Xiaweiyi huaren Zhongwen ziliao mulu. Honolulu : University of Hawaii Library, 1975. 55 pp. English and Chinese.

Liu, Kwang-Ching, Americans and Chinese: A Historical Essay and a Bibliography. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press, 1963. 211 pp.

Lowe, C. H., The Chinese in Hawaii: A Bibliographic Sur~ey. Taipei China Printing Ltd., c1972. 148 pp., map.

Lynch, Brian K. (camp.), Bibliography on Chinese Americans. Los Angeles : University of California, Los Angeles, 1982.

Ng, Pearl, Writings on the Chinese in California. San Francisco R & E Associates, 1972. 118 pp.

~Reed, Robert D., How and Where to Research Your Ethnic-American Cultural Heritage: Chinese Americans. Saratoga, Calif. : R. Reed, 1979. 28 pp.

Sanchez, Alberto R., Chinese Culture in the United States of America: An Annotated Bibliography. Sacramento : Cross Cultural Resource Center, California State University, 1977. 53 pp.

Stockton and San Joaquin County Public Library, Chinese Ancestry: An Annotated Bibliography. Stockton, Calif. : Stockton and San Joaquin County Public Library, 1969. 17 pp.

Young, Nancy Foon, The Chinese in Hawaii: An Annotated Bibliography. Supported by the Hawaii Chinese History Center. Honolulu : University of Hawaii, 1973. 149 pp.

Compiled by Wei Chi Poon, Head Librarian Asian American Studies Library, UCB

24

CHINESE AMERICANS: REFERENCE TOOLS

Asia System Media, Business Guide for Chinese Community: Southern California, 1986. Alhambra, Calif .. : Asia System Media, 1986.

Chan, N. C. (ed.), American Chinese Who's Who and Business Directory ~~~A~~~@6U [Mei-guo hua ren zhi ji hua shang ming lu]. Tucson, Ariz. : American Chinese Report, 1976.

Chen, Ru-zhou, Handbook of Chinese in America = Mei-guo hua qiao nian jian. New York : People's Foreign Relations Association of China, 1946.

Chinatown Business Publishing Co., San Francisco, East Bay Area, Southern Peninsula Chinese Business Directory, 1983 = :=;~rnif';~Jlli\r~;:f:EJ,§+Ih<;ii:-:t' 'ii~·i;~fiil [San fan shi, dong wan qu, nan ban dao hua qiao shang ye dian hua ce]. San Francisco : Chinatown Business Publishing Co., 1978.

Chinese Scholars Service Corp. (comp.), ~Jil:git6li!ii: ~B~:i1:;t:t-HE [Xian qiao bi bei: New York xianhua shu ce]. New York : Chinese Scholars Service Corp., 1977.

Ko's Publishing, Who's Who of Sino-American = Mei-hua ming-ren lu. New York : Ko's Publishing, 1982.

Lai, Him Mark and Philip P. Choy, Outlines: History of the Chinese in America. San Francisco : Chinese-American Studies Planning Group, 1971.

Lo, Karl and Him Mark Lai (comps.), Chinese Newspapers Published in North America, 1854-1975. Washington : Center for Chinese Research Materials, Association for Research Libraries, 1977.

Louie, Raymond, "Christianity and the Chinese in the United States, 1850-1900." Unpublished paper, 1977.

San Francisco Chinatown 86. San Francisco : :it..Ldiidi,r~~86 , 1986. Sung, Betty Lee, Chinese American Manpower and Employment.

Washington : Manpower Administration, U.S. Dept. of Labor, 1975. Sung, Betty Lee, Statistical Profile of the Chinese in the United

States: 1970 Census. Washington : U.S. Dept. of Labor , 1975. Tung, William L., The Chinese in America, 1820-1973: A Chronology and

Fact Book. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y. : Oceana Publications, 1974. Young, Beto, Prominent American-Chinese Businessmen in Southern

California. Monterey Park, Calif. : Young's Planning and Development Co . , 1982 .

Young's Pl anni n g and Development Co., Chinese Business in America. Los Angeles : Young's Planning and Development Co., 1985.

Compiled by Wei Chi Po o n , Head Librari an Asian American Studies Library, UCB

25

ASIAN AMERICANS: A BASIC COLLECTION

Barth, Gunther, Bitter Strength: A History of the Chinese in the United States, 1850-1870. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 1964.

Bauken, Manuel, I Have Lived with the American People. Caldwell, Idaho : Caxton Printers, 1948.

Bonacich, Edna and John Modell, The Economic Basis of Ethnic Solidarity: Small Business in the Japanese American Community. Berkeley : University of California Press, 1980.

Bulosan, Carlos, America Is in the Heart: A Personal History. Cabezas, Amado and Harold Yee, Employment Discrimination Against Asian

Americans in the San Francisco Bay Area. Chen, Jack, The Chinese of America. San Francisco : Harper & Row,

1980. Chen, Sucheng, This Bitter-Sweet Soil: The Chinese in California

Agriculture, 1860-1910. Berkeley : University of California Press, 1986.

Cheng, Lucie and Edna Bonacich, Labor Immigration under Capitalism: Asian Workers in the U.S. Before World War II. Berkeley : University of California Press, 1984.

Chin, Frank et al., AIIIEEEEE! An Anthology of Asian American Writers. Washington : Howard University Press, 1974.

Chinn, Thomas w., Him Mark Lai and Philip C. Choy (eds.), A History of the Chinese in California: A Syllabus. San Francisco : Chinese Historical Society of America, 1969.

Chiu, Ping, Chinese Labor in California, 1850-1880: An Economic Study. Madison : University of Wisconsin, 1963.

Choy, Bong-youn, Koreans in America. Chicago : Nelson-Hall, 1979. Chu, Louis, Eat a Bowl of Tea. New York : L. Stuart, 1961. Chuman, Frank F., The Bamboo People: The Law and Japanese-Americans.

Delmar, Calif. : Publisher's Inc., 1976. Cohen, Lucy M., Chinese in the Post-Civil War South: A People Without

a History. Baton Rouge : Louisiana State University Press, 1984. Connor, John w., Tradition and Change in Three Generations of

Japanese-Americans. Conroy, Hilary and T. Scott Miyakawa (eds.), East Across the Pacific.

Santa Barbara, Calif. : American Bibliographical Center - Clio Press, 1972.

Coolidge, Mary R., Chinese Immigration. New York : H. Hold & Co., 1909.

Crouchett, Lorraine J., Filipinos in California : From the Days of the Galleons to the Present. El Cerrito, Calif. : Downey Place Publishing House, 1982.

Daniels, Roger, The Politics of Prejudice: The Anti-Japanese Movement in California and the Struggle for Japanese Exclusion. Berkeley University of California Press, 1962.

Endo, Russell (ed. ), Asian Americans: Social and Psychological Perspectives. Ben Lomond, Calif. : Science and Behavior Books, 1980.

Gee, Emma (ed.), Counterpoints: Perspectives on Asian America. Los Angeles : Asian American Studies Center, University of California, 1976.

26

Grant, Bruce, The Boat People. Harmondsworth, Eng. ; New York : Penguin Books, 1979.

Hendricks, Glenn L., Bruce Downing and Amos Deinard (eds.), The Hmong in Transition. [Minneapolis] : Southeast Asian Refugee Studies of the University of Minnesota, 1986.

Hoexter, Corinne K., From Canton to California: The Epic of Chinese Immigration. New York : Four Winds Press, 1976.

Hom, Marlon, Songs of Gold Mountain. Hosokawa, JACL: In Quest of Justice. Tokyo : Yukikaku, [1984]. Hsu, Kai-yu (ed.), Asian American Authors. Hundley, Norris (ed. ), The Asian American: The Historical Experience.

Santa Barbara, Calif. : American Bibliographical Center - Clio Press, 1976.

Ichihashi, Yamato, Japanese in the United States. New York : Arno Press, 1969.

Irons, Peter, Justice at War: The Story of the Japanese American Internment Cases. New York : Oxford University Press, 1983.

Issacs, Harold R., Scratches on our Minds: American Images of China and India. New York : J. Day, 1958.

Ito, Kazuo, Issei: A History of Japanese Immigrants in North America. Seattle : Japanese Community Service, 1973.

Iwata, Masakuzu, Planted in Good Soil: Issei Contribution to United States Agriculture.

Japanese American Anthology Committee, Ayumi: A Japanese American Anthology. San Francisco : Japanese American Anthology Committee, 1980.

Kang, Younghill, East Goes West. New York : Scribner's Sons, 1937. Kelly, Gail P., From Vietnam to America: A Chronicle of the Vietnamese

Immigration to the u.s. Boulder, Colo. :Westview Press, [1977]. Kikuchi, Charles, The Kikuchi Diary. Urbana : University of Illinois

Press, [1973]. Kikumura, Akemi, Through Harsh Winters: The Life of a Japanese

Immigrant Woman. Novato, Calif. : Chandler & Sharp, 1981. Kim, Elaine H., Asian American Literature: An Introduction to the

Writings and Their Social Context. Philadelphia : Temple University Press, 1982.

and Janice Otani, With Silk Wings: Asian American Women at Work. [San Francisco] : Asian Women United of California, 1983.

Kim, Hyung-chan, The Korean Diaspora. Santa Barbara, Calif. ABC -Clio, 1977.

Kim, Illsoo, New Urban Immigrants: The Korean Community in New York. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1981.

Kim, Ronyoung, Clay Walls. Sag Harbor, N.J. : Permanent Press, 1986. Kim, Warren Y., Koreans in America. Seoul : Po Chin Chai Print Co.,

[1971]. Kingston, Maxine Hong, Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among

Ghosts. Amsterdam Elsevier Mouton, 1980. , China Men.

~~--Kitano, Harry H. L., Japanese Americans: The Evolution of a Subculture. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall, c1976.

Knoll, Tricia, Becoming Americans: Asian Sojourners, Immigrants, and Refugees in the Western U.S. Portland, Ore. : Coast to Coast Books, c1982.

27

Kung, S. W., Chinese in American Life: Some Aspects of Their History, Status, Problems, and Contributions. Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press, 1973.

Kwong, Peter, Chinatown, N.Y.: Labor and Politics, 1930-1950. New York : Monthly Review Press, 1979.

Lai, Him Mark, Chinese of America, 1785-1980. San Francisco : Chinese Cultural Foundation, 1980.

, Genny Lim and Judy Yung, Island: Poetry and History of Chinese --~--Immigrants on Angel Island, 1910-1940. San Francisco : Hoc Doi,

1980. Lasker, Bruno, Filipino Immigration to Continental u.s. and Hawaii.

New York : Arno Press, 1969. Lee, Rose Hum, The Chinese in the United States of America. [Hong

Kong] : Hong Kong University Press, 1960. Leung, Peter C. Y., One Day, One Dollar: Locke, California, and the

Chinese Farming Experience in the Sacramento Delta. El Cerrito, Calif. : China/Chinese American History Project, [c1984].

Light, Ivan, Ethnic Enterprise in America: Business and Welfare among Chinese, Japanese and Blacks.

Liu, William T., Transition to Nowhere: Vietnam Refugees in America. Nashville, Tenn. : Charter House, c1979.

Loewen, James W., Mississippi Chinese: Between Black and White. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 1971.

Blacks. Liu, William T., Transition to Nowhere: Vietnam Refugees in America.

Nashville, Tenn. : Charter House, c1979. Loewen, James w., Mississippi Chinese: Between Black and White.

Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 1971. Luke, Timothy J. and Gary Y. Okihiro, Japanese Legacy: Farming and

Community Life in California's Santa Clara Valley. Cupertino, Calif. : California History Center, De Anza College, 1985.

Lydon, Sandy, Chinese Gold: The Chinese in the Monterey Bay Region. Capitola, Calif. : Capitola Book Co., 1985.

Lyman, Stanford M., Chinese Americans. [New York] : Random House, [1974].

McClellan, Robert, The Heathen Chinee: A Study of American Attitudes Toward China, 1890-1905. [Columbus] Ohio State University Press, [1971].

McKee, Delber L., Chinese Exclusion Versus the Open Door Policy, 1900-1906. Detroit, Mich. : Wayne State University Press, 1977.

McWilliams, Carey, Factories in the Field: The Story of Migratory Farm Labor in California. Boston : Little, Brown, 1939.

Mark, Diane and Ginger Chih, A Place Called Chinese America. Dubuque, Iowa : Kendall Hunt Pub. Co, 1982.

Melendy, H. Brett, The Oriental Americans. New York : Hippocrane Books, 1984.

, Asians in America. New York : Hippocrane Books, 1984. ~~r-Miller, Stuart Creighton, The Unwelcome Immigrant: The American Image

of the Chinese, 1785-1882. Berkeley : University of California Press, 1969.

Modell, John, The Economics and Politics of Racial Accommodation: Japanese in Los Angeles. Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International, 1976.

28

Montero, Darrel, Vietnamese Americans: Patterns of Resettlement and Socioeconomic Adaptation in the U.S. Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press, 1979.

Mori, Toshio, Yokohama, California. Caldwell, Idaho : Caxton Printers, 1949.

Nee, Victor G. and Brett deBary, Longtime Californ': A Documentary Study of an American Chinatown. Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press, 1986.

Neu, Uncertain Friendship, Roosevelt and Japan, 1906-1909. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 1967.

Odo, Franklin S., In Movement: A Pictorial History of Asian America. Los Angeles : Amerasia Bookstore, 1977.

Okada, John, No-No Boy. Seattle : University of Washington Press, 1981.

Okubo, Mine, Citizen 13660. 1983.

Seattle : University of Washington Press,

Peterson, William, Japanese Americans: Oppression and Success. New York : Random House, 1971.

Pido, Antonio J. A., The Filipino in America: Macro/Micro Dimensions of Immigration and Integration. New York : Center for Migration Studies, 1986.

Quan, Robert Seta and Julian B. Roebuck, Lotus Among the Magnolia: The Mississippi Chinese. Jackson University Press of Mississippi, 1982.

Quinsaat, Jesse (ed.), Letters in Exile: A Reader on the History of Filipinos in America. Oxford, Ga. : Oxford Historical Shrine Society, 1980.

Sandmeyer, Elmer C., The Anti-Chinese Movement in California. Urbana : University of Illinois Press, 1939.

Saniels, J. M. (ed.), Filipino Exclusion Movement. Quezon City University of the Philippines Press, 1967.

Santos, Bienvenido, Scent of Apples. Seattle : University of Washington Press, 1967.

Saxton, Alexander, The Indispensable Enemy: Labor and the Anti-Chinese Movement in California. Berkeley : University of California Press, 1971.

Shibutani, Tamotsu, The Derelicts of Company K. Berkeley : University of California Press, 1978.

Sane, Monica, Nisei Daughter. Seattle : University of Washington Press, 1979.

Steiner, Stan, Fusang: The Chinese Who Built America. New York Harper & Row, 1979.

Strand, Paul J. and Woodrow Jones, Jr., Indochinese Refugees in America. Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 1985.

Strong, Edward K., The Second-Generation Japanese Problem. Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press, 1934.

Sue, Stanley and Nathaniel Wagner (eds.), Asian Americans: Psychological Perspectives. Ben Lomond, Calif. : Science and Behavior Books, 1973-1980.

Tachiki et al., Roots: An Asian American Reader. Los Angeles : Continentar-Graphics, 1971.

Takaki, Ronald, Pau Hana: Plantation Life and Labor in Hawaii. Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press, 1983.

29

Tanaka, Chester, Go For Broke. Richmond, Calif. : Go For Broke, Inc., 1982.

Tateishi, John, And Justice for All: An Oral History of the Japanese American Detention Camps. New York : Random House, 1984.

Ten Broek, Jacobus, Edward N. Barnhart and Floyd w. Matson, Prejudic~,

War, and the Constitution. Berkeley : University of California Press, 1975.

Tepper, Eliot L. (ed.), Southeast Asian Exodus from Tradition to Resettlement: Understanding Refugees from Laos, Kampuchea, and Vietnam in Canada. Ottawa : Canadian Asian Studies Association, 1980.

Tsai, Shih-shan Henry, China and the Overseas Chinese in the United States, 1868-1911. Fayetteville : University of Arkansas Press, 1983.

, The Chinese Experience in America. Bloomington : Indiana --~-r University Press, 1986. Uchida, Yoshiko, Desert Exile: The Uprooting of a Japanese Family.

Seattle : University of Washington Press, 1982. U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, Civil Rights Issues of Asian and

Pacific Americans: Myths and Realities. washington : U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980.

U.S. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, Personal Justice Denied. Frederick, Md. University Publications of America, 1983.

Vallangca, Robert V., Pinery: The First Wave (1898-1941). San Francisco : Strawberry Hill Press, 1977.

Vek Huang Tiang, Ordeal in Cambodia: One Family's Escape from the Khmer Rouge. San Bernardino, Calif. : Here's Life Publishers, 1980.

Wain, Barry, The Refused: The Agony of the Indochina Refugees. New York : Simon & Schuster, 1981.

Wand, David Hsin-fu (ed.), Asian American Heritage. New York Washington Square Press, Pocket Books, 1974.

Weglin, Michi, Years of Infamy: The Untold Story of America's Concentration Camps. ·New York : Morrow Quill Paperbacks, 1976.

Wilson, Robert and Bill Hosokawa, East to America: A History of the Japanese in the U.S. New York : Quill, 1982.

Wong, Jade Snow, Fifth Chinese Daughter. New York Harper, 1950. Wu, William F., The Yellow Peril: Chinese Americans in American

Fiction, 1850-1940. Ann Arbor, Mich. University Microfilms International, 1984.

Yanagisako, Sylvia Jundo, Transforming the Past: Tradition and Kinship Among Japanese Americans. Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press, 1985.

Yim, Louise, My Forty-Year Fight for Korea. New York : A. A. Wyn, 1951.

Yoneda, Karl G., Ganbatte: Sixty-Years Struggle of a Kibei Worker. Los Angeles : Resource Development Publications, 1984.

ko, Sylvia Jundo, Transforming the Past: Tradition and Kinship Among Japanese Americans. Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press, 1985.

Yim, Louise, My Forty-Year Fight for Korea. New York : A. A. Wyn, 1951.

Yoneda, Karl G., Ganbatte: Sixty-Years Struggle of a Kibei Worker. Los Angeles : Resource Development Publications, 1984.

Yu, Eui-Young, Earl H. Phillips and Eun Sik Yang, Koreans in Los Angeles: Passports and Promises. Los Angeles : Korean Research Institute, 1982.

Yung, Judith, Chinese Women of America. Seattle : University of Washington Press, 1986.

31

Compiled by Wang Ling-chi Chairman and Associate Professor Department of Ethnic Studies University of California, Berkeley

1987 Annual Program Supporters

CALA acknowledges generous support from the following organizations.

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Chinese Culture Center, San Franicsco, Ca.

Chinese for Affirmative Action, San Francisco, Ca.

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Coord1nation Council for North American Affairs, Cultural Division, Office in U.S.A., Washington, D. C.

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MUSIC CASSETTE TAPES AND LANGUAGE TAPES

BILINGUAL MATERIALS (Chinese/English)

ENGLISH BOOKS ABOUT CHINA AND CHINESE CULTURE

MAGAZINES AND PERIODICALS FROM TAIWAN, HONG KONG, MAINLAND CHINA

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A. L. A. Conference Exhibits Tabl e No. T94

Please make sure that you stop by and mee t

our representatives June 27 - 30, 1987 in

San Francisco ! !

Jii r:~ St ft s s.r ~~~fq)·*~~98

(818) 281-3622, 284-9066

36

BLACKWELL SALUTES THE 15TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE

OF THE CHINESE-AMERICAN LIBRARIANS ASSOCIATION

BEST WISHES FROM:

B. H. BLACKWELL, LTD.

BROAD STREET

OXFORD, OXI 3 B Q ENGLAND

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OXFORD (865) 24911 TELEX NO: 852-83118

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37

"'A GREAT WALL' IS A GREAT FILM!' -Michael Medved SNEAK PREVIEWS

"A MARVELOUS DIRECTING DEBUT:' -Julie Sa lamon WALL STREET JOURNAL

"IT'S SUCH A TERRIFIC MOVIE:' -Joanna langlield . WABC-RAOIO

38

Chinese Women of America A Pictorial History

Judy Yung

This is the first book to ex­amine the experience of Chi­nese women in America from their arrival in 1834 to the present day. Utilizing re­search findings , oral. history interviews, and photographs from public and private col­lections throughout the coun­try, this long-needed work documents the lives of real women, smashing the stereo­types of China Doll, Suzie Wong. and Dragon Lady.

Published for the Chinese Culture Foundation. 128 pp. , 132 duotone photographs Clothbound, $24.95; paper­back, $12.95

To order, call toll-free

1-800-441-4115 (except WA, HI , AK)

University of VVashingtonPress P.O. Aox 50096, Seattle, WA 9KJ45-5096

Ohio University Library Athens, Ohio 45701-2978

Please supply copies of Areas of Cooperation in Library Development in Asian arid Pacific Regions. ---

Prepayment is enclosed ($5 members of CALA or APALA/ $l0 for non-members) plus $1 postage and handling.

Name

Address -------------------------------------------------

Publication: June 1985; Copies will be available for sale at ALA Annual Meeting.

- ·-----·---~------------·----------------------·

CON-rENTS

KEYNOTE SPEECH: The Asian Crucible: Processing Western Intellectual Resources; Examples and Trends--Donald Hausrath

The Library of Congress and its Services to the Asian Studies Community --Warren Tsuneishi

A Crying Need for Qualified Personnel: Who Can Help the Developing Countries? --Ching-Chih Chen

Library and Information Services in Taiwan, The Republic of China--Chen-ku Wang

The Role Played by UNESCO in Library Development in Asia and Pacific Regions-­Kenneth Roberts

Cooperative Research-­Robert M. Hayes

Library .Internships: A New Approach to Cooperation-­JhJa-Wei Lee

Evaluating the Depository Library System of the World Bank-­Terranae~L. Lindemann-

AREAS OF COOPERATION IN LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT IN ASIAN AND PACIFIC REGIONS

39

Pa_pir..•_prcsentcd at thr 19&..~}tJint.Annual_f>rryram q{ rk· _A.cian/ _}>ad~ A1ru•rican {j~t'flrians..A.cscJCiatioll - -

""'" Lhinrsr.: Amm'can [t~rarians_fis:;octat/on

.. ,

.· ... ~..: ...

11111 o-tl069 I-GO-I

Chinese-American Librarians Association --An Affiliate of the American Librarr Association --

MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION FORM

ME1-ffiERSHIP: Any irrli vidual or institution interested in the purp::>se of the ASSOCIATION may beC'CITE a Ireml:er upon payrrent of menbership dues according to the following categories.

TYPE OF MEMBERSHIP

a. Regular rrember b. Student rrember c. Non-salaried rrember d. Institutional rrember

RATE

$15.00 7.50 7.50

45.00

annually annually annually annually

Annual membership dues oover the full CAI..ENI:lAR YEAR. New members joining after July 1 may pay half the annual dues for the remainder of the calendar year. Please return with payrrent to : Sheila Lai CM..A Membership Chair

9630 Allegheny Dr. Sacramento, CA 95827

Please make check payable to the Chinese-American Librarians Association (CM..A) Your cancelled check is your receipt. FOr your own record ----<:::N.A Membership Il:lte: for year of AnD'lmt $ ------

Detach

Il:lte -------------------- Type of Membership _______ _

For year of ---------­ } New Membership or Renewal

Last Naire First Name Mi.Qlle Name ------------- ----------------- -----Name in Chinese -------------------------Posi tion,!ri tle & Institution --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Telephone _______________ _ Herne Address --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Telephone ______________ _ Mailir..g Address Preferred } Hcl'ce , ( ) \ok>rk Dues $ _______ __ Contril:ution $ Total Arrount En:::losed $ --------- -~-----~ey _________________ _

*Do you agree to sell the CM..A Merrbership Directory as a mailing list to help financing CM..A? ( } Yes ( ) No

*If no, then would you agree to CM..A selling its Membership Directory if your name were rerroved fran it? ( ) Yes ( ) No

40

THE CHINESE AMERICAN LIBRARIANS' ASSOCIATION (CALA)

The Chinese American Librarians Association (CALA) is a nationwide professional association composed of librarians and information scientists of Chinese descent and other individuals and organizations with similar interests. With close to three hundred members, it is an affiliate of the American Library Association (ALA).

The purposes of CALA include:

1. To promote better communication among Chinese-American librarians.

2. To serve as a forum for the discussion of mutual problems and professional concerns among Chinese-American librarians.

3. To promote the development of Chinese and American librarianshi p.

CALA's publications include:

1. The Journal of Library and Information Science Published jointly with the National Taiwan Normal University.

2. The CALA Newsletter. 3. A Membership Directory.