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© and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 11A.2-1 Punto di partenza With the exception of the imperative and the conditional, the Italian verb forms you have learned have been in the indicative mood, which is used for statements of fact and certainty. The subjunctive mood (il congiuntivo) expresses a person’s emotions, opinions, desires, or subjective attitude toward events, as well as actions or states that the person views as uncertain or hypothetical.

© and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.11A.2-1 Punto di partenza With the exception of the imperative and the conditional, the Italian verb forms you

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Page 1: © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.11A.2-1 Punto di partenza With the exception of the imperative and the conditional, the Italian verb forms you

© and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 11A.2-1

Punto di partenza

With the exception of the imperative and the conditional, the Italian verb forms you have learned have been in the indicative mood, which is used for statements of fact and certainty. The subjunctive mood (il congiuntivo) expresses a person’s emotions, opinions, desires, or subjective attitude toward events, as well as actions or states that the person views as uncertain or hypothetical.

Page 2: © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.11A.2-1 Punto di partenza With the exception of the imperative and the conditional, the Italian verb forms you

© and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 11A.2-2

• The subjunctive is usually used in complex sentences that consist of a main clause and a subordinate or dependent clause connected by che. The main clause contains a verb or expression that triggers the use of the subjunctive in the subordinate clause.

MAIN CLAUSE che SUBORDINATE CLAUSE(WITH SUBJUNCTIVE)

È necessarioIt’s necessary

chethat

Enrico sia puntuale.Enrico be on time.

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• Many impersonal expressions trigger the use of the subjunctive. You have already learned to use impersonal expressions with an infinitive when no subject is specified. To refer to a specific subject, however, use che + [subjunctive] after an impersonal expression that conveys opinion or perception.

È importante lavorare ogni giorno.It’s important to work every day.

È importante che io lavori ogni giorno.It’s important that I work every day.

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• To form the present subjunctive of regular verbs, use the same stem that you learned for the present indicative, including forms with -isc-, and add the subjunctive endings.

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• The three singular forms are identical for each verb. Use subject pronouns when necessary to avoid ambiguity.

È importante che (io) dorma.It’s important that I sleep.

Bisogna che (lei) parli forte.It’s necessary that she speak loudly.

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È giusto che questa ragazza lavori.It’s right that this girl is working.

È strano che i ragazzi non lavorino.It’s strange that the boys aren’t working.

È improbabile che Michela si diverta.It’s unlikely that Michela is having fun.

Pare che i pensionati si divertano molto.It seems like the retirees are having a lot of fun.

• The loro form for all verbs can be formed by simply adding -no to the singular subjunctive form.

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È bene che compriamo l’assicurazione.It’s good that we’re buying insurance.

È ora che la compriate anche voi.It’s time that you buy it, too.

• The noi and voi endings are the same for all verbs. Note that the noi subjunctive and indicative forms are identical.

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È interessante che il giudice giochi a tennis.It’s interesting that the judge plays tennis.

È meglio che voi paghiate il tassista.It’s better that you pay the taxi driver.

• Add an -h- between the stem and ending of regular verbs ending in -care or -gare to maintain the stem’s hard c or g sound.

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Bisogna che io studi per diventare uno scienziato.It’s necessary that I study in order to become a scientist.

Sembra che i cuochi mangino la nostra cena.It seems that the cooks are eating our dinner.

• Do not double the i in verbs ending in -iare.

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1. È necessario che Enrico (legga / legge) il libro.

2. È importante che loro (rispondono / rispondano) a quella telefonata.

3. Sembra impossibile che tu (frequenti / frequenta) già il liceo.

4. Peccato che io non (guido / guidi) ancora la macchina.

5. È giusto che i più ricchi (dividono / dividano) quello che hanno con i più poveri.

6. È difficile che Chiara (pulisca / pulisce) la sua stanza tutti i giorni.

7. È strano che loro (comprino / comprano) solo vestiti di marca.

8. È importante che tu (capisci / capisca) bene la situazione.

Scegli la forma corretta del verbo per completareogni frase.