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Anatomy and Physiology

Root WordsFind definition, study for quiz on Friday

Append-Cardi-Cran-Dors-Homeo--logy

Meta-Pariet-Pelv-Peri-Pleur--Stasis-Tomy

What is it?

Anatomy: the branch of science that deals with the structure of body parts

Physiology: concerns the functions of body parts, what they do and how they do it

Levels of Organization

Atoms: microscopic particles Molecules: made up of atomsMacromolecules: molecules combined in complex waysCell: Basic unit of living thingOrganelle: structures within a cell that perform a certain taskTissue: Group of cellsOrgans: Complex structures made up of tissues that perform a certain taskOrganism: Organs make up living things

Characteristics of Life

Metabolism: process of chemical reactions in the body that break down substances and build them up for energy

Maintenance of Life- Water, Foods, Oxygen, Heat, Pressure

Characteristics of Life

Metabolsim: process of chemical reactions in the body that break down substances and build them up for energy

Maintenance of Life- Water, Foods, Oxygen, Heat, Pressure

Homeostasis: Maintaining a stable internal environment for survival (Temp, pH, water, etc.)

Homeostatic Mechanisms

Receptors: provide information about specific conditions in the internal environmentSet Point: tells what a particular value should be (body temp)Effectors: cause responses that alter conditions in the internal environment

Homeostatic Mechanisms

Receptors Effectors

Set Point

Homeostatic Mechanisms

Receptors Effectors

Set Point

Stimulus

Homeostatic Mechanisms

Receptors Effectors

Set Point

Stimulus

Change is compared to the set point

Homeostatic Mechanisms

Receptors Effectors

Set Point

Stimulus

Change is compared to the set point

Homeostatic Mechanisms

Receptors Effectors

Set Point

Stimulus

Change is compared to the set point

Response (Change is corrected)

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Bloodletting

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Trepanation

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Animal Dung Ointments

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Cannibal Cures

Body Portions

Axial Portion: Includes head, neck, and trunk

Body Portions

Axial Portion: Includes head, neck, and trunk

Appendicular Portion: Includes upper and lower limbs

Anatomical Positions

Superior: Body part is above another part, or closer to the headInferior: body part is lower than another, toward the feetAnterior: Towards the front (Eyes are anterior to the brain)Posterior: Towards the backMedial: Imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right and left halves.

Anatomical Positions

Lateral: toward the side with respect to the midline (Ears are lateral to the eyes)Bilateral: refers to paired structures, one on each side (lungs)Ipsilateral: structures on the same side (right kidney and right lung)Proximal: Body part that is closer to the trunk (elbows are proximal to wrist)Distal: Opposite of proximal, farther away from trunkSuperficial: placed near the surface of the skinDeep: more internal parts

Draw and label your own anatomical person. Use figure 1.13 on page 14 in your text