LINKING VERBS Am,is,are,was,were,be,being,been Look, feel, seem, remain, become,

sound Example: What is being linked back to

the subject?The zombie apocalypse seems

frightening.That character sounds creepy.That man could be a zombie.

ACTION VERBS Visible or mental action! Think, throw, scare, listen, draw…etc. Example: what is the action transferred

to?The zombie tore the fence in two pieces.She scaled the fence to avoid a bite.

COMPLEMENTS Complement: words that completes the

meaning of the predicate (part of sentence after the verb)

Complements (DO,IO,PN,PA) are NEVER found in prepositional phrases, so always mark them out.

OBJECT COMPLEMENTS: S-AV-DODirect object: A noun or pronoun that follows an action verb and receives the action of the verb

Order in sentence: Subject, Action Verb, Direct Object

How to find a DO? Ask the question “Whom?” or “What?” after an action verb.Ex: The stick person kicked the rock.

QUICK CHECK*Think of the DO as receiving the action of the verb:

Dad trimmed the branches (on the tree).

*Remember, the DO is usually a thing, but sometimes a person, so always place parentheses around any prep phrases.

OBJECT COMPLEMENTS: SAVIODO Indirect object: A noun or pronoun

that comes before the direct object. Sentence order: subject, action verb,

indirect object, direct object

Ask to whom? or for whom? (or to what or for what) the action of the verb is done.

*The I0 always” receives” the DO

EXAMPLES DO: I gave the class new assigned

seats. I gave what? seats. (DO)To whom? the class (IO)

Therefore, class is the indirect object and “class” receives the “seats” (DO)

COMMON ACTION VERBS Common verbs that IOs follow:

Give Ask Throw Make Teach Tell

Your turn: Create a sentence with a DO and IO using these verbs. Create a sentence with another verb only using a DO.

BELL WORK: FIND THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECTS *NOT ALL SENTENCES CONTAIN ONE 1. I asked Drew a question about Trey. 2. Tylar seems very thoughtful and wise. 3. Noah looked at me with an inquisitive

face. 4. Griffin gave hersome Starbucks

coffee. 5. Dylan received some candy from Ben. 6. Natalie ran from five miles away.

SUBJECT COMPLEMENTS: SLVPN Predicate nominative: A noun or

pronoun that follows a linking verb and renames or identifies the subject.

Ex.: The Thompson mascot is a warrior

warrior is a noun that identifies what the simple subject, mascot, is;

therefore, it is a predicate nominative because is is a linking verb.

QUICK CHECK You can usually switch the PN with the

subject and the sentence will make sense:

Ex: A warrior is the mascot. From (The mascot is a warrior)

*Sometimes the switch will sound odd:He is the boy who scored the highest on

the test/The boy is he who scored the highest on

the test.

SUBJECT COMPLEMENTS: SLVPA Predicate adjective: An adjective

that follows a linking verb and describes the subject of the sentence

Ex.: The Sonic cheddar peppers tasted delicious. * Delicious is an adjective, follows the linking verb tasted, and describes the SUBJ, peppers

Note: you can’t switch these with the SUBJ

FIND THE PN OR PA My husband’s name is Andrew He is an engineer. He is always energetic in the

morning. In the mornings I am usually

sleepy.

NOM VS. OBJ. CASE PRONOUNS I, he, she, we, they, who, you , it:

nominativeIf these pronouns rename the subject and

come after a linking verb, they are PNs.

Me, him, her, us, them, whom, you, it: Objective and do not rename or describe subject.