Americans began moving west◦ More economic opportunities

Wheat, corn

◦ Farm mechanization made it easier Steel plow, spring tooth harrow, threshers, windmills

East was growing quickly, needed food Others went west for religious reasons

◦ Mormon Trail First led by Joseph Smith (New York) Led into Utah by Brigham Young

US gov’t encouraged westward migration Offered 160 acres of land to settlers

◦ Not enough land due to drought Could acquire additional land (Timber Culture Act)

Cost $5 registration fee Encouraged white settlers to move west

◦ Most were old immigrants Women were allowed to homestead

US federal gov’t gave western lands to states

States sold land Money was used to build agriculture and

technical colleges◦ Examples: Virginia Tech and NC State

Remote, solitary life◦ Worked LONG hours

Very difficult for women◦ Same work as men◦ Gained suffrage here first

Built churches and schools Little House on the Prairie-family values,

love, friendship, and faith.

Native Americans were displaced Conflict began More railroads were built New States were added to Union

◦ Most gave women suffrage◦ Last state-Oklahoma

Settlers rushed in to get the last free land in US

First transcontinental railroad completed in 1869

Built mainly by Irish and Chinese immigrants

Displaced the Native Americans◦ Could no longer follow the buffalo◦ Native Americans used every part of buffalo

‘Native American Wal-Mart’

Who are exodusters?

Who are sooners?

Who are boomers?

Give me 3 pros and cons to the

railroad

What are the difference between the two men below? Be specific

Based off the picture below how does the US plan on dealing with Native Americans?

What problem is Nast addressing in this cartoon?

What stands out to you in this picture? What impact could this group have on

America?

Precious metals

discovered out West

Mining towns (San

Fran)

Little law enforcement

New cities caused a need for beef Individuals out west began to raise cattle First, started to drive cattle to major cities,

then cattle would be loaded onto trains Later, ranches would be built

◦ Cowboys were hired◦ Most owned their own horses◦ Open Range ended because of Barbed Wire

Cows could be fenced in thanks to Joseph Glidden’s invention

Sioux-northern plains

Five Civilized Tribes (OK-1830)

Different lifestyles◦ Followed buffalo

herds 32m in 1870, 9m. Killed 1872-1875

◦ Some were sedentary

Indians were placed here by federal gov’t◦ Offered annual monetary payments in lieu of land◦ Occasionally, federal gov’t failed to make

payments or reduced the size of reservation Indians resisted, led to war

African American Troop Regiment Created during the Civil War Fights in the Indian Wars African Americans can now fight for a

country that recognizes them as people!

Carlise Indian School◦ Help Indians become

successful in white society

◦ Assimilation Helen Hunt Jackson’s

A Century of Dishonor◦ dramatized the federal

government's mistreatment of Native Americans in the west

Helen Hunt Jackson

1887 Result of Jackson’s book Would create Indian farmers

◦ Gave each family 160 acres of land◦ Dealt with individual Indians, not tribe◦ Sold remaining land and purchased farm

equipment◦ Became citizens in 25 years

Most Indians lost property within one generation◦ Received the poor land

Faced many problems after they moved West◦ Drought◦ Insects◦ Difficult conditions

New technology helped some

Blamed problems on railroads◦ Had to transport goods on trains◦ Railroads charged high rates

Even higher for short haul versus long haul Penalized the farmer

Wanted government to regulate railroads◦ Lower freight charges◦ Government did not respond

Farmers also faced problems with credit◦ Stayed in debt◦ Borrowed money to plant crops every year◦ Could not always repay bank◦ If not, bank foreclosed on property

Farmers wanted more money printed and put into circulation◦ Demanded the silver standard

Print money based on gold and silver standard Would increase the cost of farm goods

Farmers organized The Grange

Led by Oliver Kelley

Officially asked government to address farmers needs

Were not successful

Organized in 1892 Met in Omaha Nebraska

◦ Omaha Platform 8 Hour workday Silver Standard Direct Election of Senators

◦ Won elections in state government, sent representatives to Congress

Populist party merged with Democrats in 1896

Democrats argued the same issues as Populists

Nominated William Jennings Bryan◦ Campaigned across America◦ Gave “Cross of Gold” speech

“you cannot crucify man on a cross of gold” Advocated the silver standard

Bryan (democrat) swallowsPopulist Party in 1896

Bryan ran against William McKinley (rep)◦ Bryan campaigned across US on train

Whistle stop campaign◦ McKinley ran the “Front Porch” campaign

Voters came to see him on his front porch McKinley wins both elections

◦ Marks the end of the Populist Party