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Georgia Studies
Academic Bowl
GEOGRAPHY
What are the names of the states that border
Georgia? Alabama Tennessee North Carolina South Carolina Florida
How many geographic regions does Georgia have?
5
What are the geographic regions of
Georgia? Coastal Plain Piedmont Ridge and Valley Appalachian Plateau Blue Ridge
In which region is Atlanta located?
Piedmont
What is the smallest
geographic region?
Appalachian Plateau
What region is known for its production of
peanuts, pecans, and corn?
Coastal Plain
In what region is the Okefenokee Swamp located?
Coastal Plain
What is the highest peak in Georgia?
Brasstown Bald
What two regions are
separated by the Fall Line?Piedmont & Coastal Plain
What is the largest swamp
in North America?
Okefenokee Swamp
HISTORY
What was the oldest
prehistoric Indian
civilization found in Georgia?Paleo
Why did the Archaic people
move frequently? To find food
What people were the FIRST
to make and use pottery?
Archaic
During which prehistoric period did the bow and arrow come into
use?
Woodland
Who were the FIRST people to
use burial mounds?
Woodland
What factor resulted in prehistoric
Indians making permanent
settlements? Began to
cultivate plants
Name the prehistoric
traditions of Georgia in order
of their existence? Paleo, Archaic,
Woodland, Mississippian
Who was the first European
explorer to enter Georgia? Hernando de
Soto
What were the main reasons the Spanish
explored North America?
Gold, Glory & God
Name the European
countries that were the major
colonizers of the New World.
Spain, England, France
What was the first permanent
English settlement in the
New World? Jamestown
What was the first Spanish
settlement in the New World?
St. Augustine
What was the British trade
policy during the period of
colonization? mercantilism
What factor was necessary to maintain a
favorable balance of trade in the
1600s and 1700s? More exports
than imports
What was the name of the first
British fort constructed in
Georgia?Fort King
George
Who granted Georgia’s charter in
1732? King George II
Where was Georgia’s first settlement?
Savannah
Who was the founder of
Georgia and when was it founded? James
Oglethorpe, 1733
According to the charter, what
groups of people could not be
Georgia colonists? Catholics, liquor
dealers, lawyers, blacks
What Indians were led by Tomochichi?
Yamacraws
What ship transported the first colonists to
Georgia? The Ann
Where did James Oglethorpe and the
first Georgia colonists land
when they arrived in Georgia?
Yamacraw Bluff
The original plan for Savannah called for the building of 4
what? squares
Who served as an
interpreter for Oglethorpe?
Mary Musgrove
Tomochichi allowed Oglethorpe to settle on a bluff overlooking what
river?Savannah River
The Germans under the
leadership of John Martin Bolzius
were referred to as the what?
The Salzburgers
What was the name of their settlement?
Ebenezer
On which barrier island did the Salzburgers
settle? St. Simons Island
What group settled at Darien?
Highland Scots
What battle was the beginning of the safe southern
frontier for the British?
Battle of Bloody Marsh
Name 3 areas of colonist
discontent? slavery
sale of rum land ownership
What policy did the king make to ensure that the trustees did not take advantage
of the colony?
They could not hold office.
What term was used to describe those who complained
about the policies of the trustees?
malcontents
In 1752, Georgia became
a ____colony?
royal
Who were the three royal
governors of Georgia?
John Reynolds Henry Ellis
James Wright
Which 2 countries were involved in the
French and Indian war?
Great BritainFrance
What law forbade colonists to move
west of the Appalachian Mountains?
Proclamation of 1763
The Proclamation of 1763 moved Ga.’s southern boundary to
what? St. Mary’s River
How did the French and Indian War lead to
America’s Revolutionary War?
To get money to repay war debts, Great Britain taxed the colonists on the premise that the war had been necessary to protect the colonies from France
What event began with
snowball fight and ended with 5
deaths? Boston Massacre
What declared the
independence of the American
colonies? Declaration of Independence
How many original
colonies were there?
13
Who was the primary author of the Declaration
of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
Where did the first colonial victory in Georgia during the
American Revolution?
Battle of Kettle Creek
What British policy greatly
affected Ga. by adding a tax on newspapers and
licenses? Stamp Act
What was the British policy
punishing Boston for the
Tea Party? Intolerable Acts
Name the 3 Georgians that
signed the Declaration of
Independence. George Walton
Lyman Hall Button Gwinnett
Who headed the militia that
defeated the British at the
Battle of Kettle Creek?
Elijah Clarke
Who was the commander of the Continental Army
during the American
Revolution? George
Washington
Who is the Revolutionary war heroine who has a county named for
her?
Nancy Hart
What was the most significant
result of the siege of
Savannah? Savannah remained
in British hands.
Who was the black soldier who was
seriously wounded at the Battle of Kettle Creek?
Austin Dabney
What was the opposite name of Loyalists?
Patriots
Why did the writers of Georgia’s first
constitution (1777) want to limit the
power of the governor?
In the past, the governor showed too much loyalty
to the king.
Who was elected Georgia’s first
governor under the Constitution of
1777? John Adam Treutlen
What was the first written plan for the government of the
United States called?
Articles of Confederation
What was the purpose of the Constitutional
Convention held in 1787?
To Revise the Articles of
Confederation
Who were the 2 signers of the
US Constitution from Georgia?
Abraham Baldwin William Few
What was the purpose of the
headright system in Georgia? To distribute Indian
lands to new settlers
What scandal took place when Georgia’s
governor and some legislators were bribed
to sell public land to private developers at below-market price?
Yazoo Land Fraud
What system replaced the
headright system as a way of
allocating land?
Land Lottery
Who was the Creek leader in the Oconee War
between the Creek and the Georgia
pioneers? Alexander McGillivray
Why was William McIntosh, a Creek chief, murdered by his own people?
He signed a treaty giving up the last Creek lands in Georgia to the
federal government.
What were the 2 main Indian
tribes in Georgia? Creeks
Cherokees
The removal of the Cherokee
from their land is referred to as
what? Trail of Tears
The Indians were taken to the Indian Territory, which is
mainly what present-day state?
Oklahoma
What was George Gist’s
major contribution to the Cherokee
culture? Sequoyah made a syllabary – Cherokee
alphabet
What discovery led to the final Indian removal from Georgia?
Gold
Who was the Chief Justice of the US
Supreme Court who ruled that Cherokee
territory was not subject to state law? John Marshall
Who was the Cherokee chief who took a petition of
Congress protesting the Cherokee
removal from their land?
John Ross
What is a land grant
university? Land for the university was donated by the
federal government.
What is Georgia’s first
land grant university?
UGA
By 1860, what were the 2 largest
church denominations in
Georgia? Methodists
Baptists
Why did the capital of
Georgia move so often?
To follow the major part of the population
What invention had the greatest effect
on Georgia’s economy in the early 1800’s?
cotton gin
What railroad became the
primary railroad in Georgia in the
1830’s? Western and
Atlantic
Who invented the cotton
gin? Eli Whitney
Who wrote Uncle Tom’s
Cabin? Harriet Beecher
Stowe
Would the northern states or the southern states believe that
the interests of the national government should take
precedence over the states? What is it called if you think
that the state takes precedence over the national government?
northern states states’ rights
According to the provisions of the
Missouri Compromise, what state was admitted
as a free state? Maine
What is the belief the one region is better or more important that
another region of the country?
sectionalism
What state entered the
Union as a free state because of the Compromise
of 1850?California
Who led a raid on a federal arsenal at
Harpers Ferry, Virginia?
John Brown
What Georgia leader became
the vice president of the
Confederate States of America? Alexander Stephens
Who was the governor of
Georgia during the Civil War?
Joseph Brown
What Supreme Court decision
pushed the nation closer to
war? The Dred Scott
Decision
What was the statement from
Georgia that supported the Compromise of
1850? The Georgia
Platform
What was the purpose of the Fugitive Slave
Law? To require the return of
runaway slaves to their owners
What was the name of the
Union plan to isolate the
western Confederate
states? Anaconda Plan
What contributed to
the lack of success of the
Union blockade? blockade
runners
What were the 2 major campaigns fought in Georgia during the Civil
War? Atlanta Campaign Savannah Campaign
Which Union general led the “March to the
Sea”? General William
T. Sherman
Where was the notorious
Confederate prison in Georgia?
Andersonville
Why was Chickamauga
important to both the North and the
South? It was the railroad
center.
How was the Emancipation
Proclamation a concession to the
South? The South could keep their slaves if
they stopped fighting.
What was the bloodiest one day battle of the Civil War?
Antietam
What battle was considered the
turning point of the war against the
Confederacy? Where was this fought? Gettysburg Pennsylvania
What was President
Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction
called? 10% Plan
In President Johnson’s
Reconstruction plan what amendment to the Constitution had to be approved by
the southern states? 13th Amendment
Ultimately what was the goal of the
Radical Republicans against the
southern states? To punish the southern rebelling
states
What did the 13th
Amendment do?
Abolish slavery
What did the 14th
Amendment do?
Made blacks citizens
What did the 15th
Amendment do?
Gave blacks the right to vote
Help for the former slaves
and poor whites came from what organization? Freedmen’s
Bureau
What best describes the differences
between sharecropping and tenant farming?
Sharecroppers owned nothing but their labor, while tenant farmers owned animals and equipment to use working other people’s land.
Limitations on the type of jobs newly freed
slaves could have and restrictions on their rights to vote and
participate in the legal system were called
what? Black Codes
What organization wanted to return
control of the southern
governments to the Democrats by intimidation?
Ku Klux Klan
Why was Henry McNeal Turner and
other black legislators expelled
from the Georgia General Assembly? He did not have the right to hold political office
according to the constitution.
How long did Reconstructio
n last in Georgia? 5 Years
What young man was
lynched in Marietta due to anti-Semitism? Leo Frank
Who benefited from the
county unit system?
The rural areas of the state
The racial unrest brought about by the
Leo Frank case resulted in the
creation of a chapter of the KKK who
called themselves what? The Knights of
Mary Phagan
Stories of black violence against
whites in the Atlanta
newspapers resulted in what?
The Atlanta Race Riot of 1906
What was Tom Watson’s greatest
accomplishment? The Rural Free
Delivery Bill
The phrase that was used to reflect the
change of the South in areas of business, industrialization, agriculture, race
relations, and society was what? The New South
The 3 Georgia leaders who shared a strong
belief in white supremacy and states’
rights following Reconstruction were referred to as what?
The Bourbon Triumvirate
What was held in Atlanta to
showcase the industries of the
New South?The International Cotton Exposition
Who were the members of the
Bourbon Triumvirate?
Joseph BrownAlfred Colquitt,
John Gordon
Who coined the term “New
South”?
Henry Grady
What group of the population was
supported by Tom Watson, a Georgia
populist?
farmers
What was the major crop produced in
Georgia when Reconstruction
ended?cotton
Who wrote for the Atlanta Journal and
focused on the need for reform
in the prison system? Rebecca Latimer
Felton
What U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that
segregated facilities much be
equal? Plessy v. Ferguson,
1896
African Americans were separated in schools, restrooms and waiting rooms because of what
laws? Jim Crow Laws
What court case gave the states
the right to promote
segregation?
Plessy v. Ferguson
What Constitutional
amendment was violated by Jim
Crow legislation?
14th Amendment
In the early 1900s what methods
restricted the voting rights of African
Americans in Georgia? Poll taxes
grandfather clause Gerrymandering
literacy tests
What 2 things hurt Georgia
farmers in the early 1900s?
DroughtBoll weevil
What insect feeds on the white, fluffy
cotton? Boll weevil
What 3 things caused the Great
Depression? stock speculation
borrowing more money than could be repaid
overproduction
What United States president was
blamed for the Great Depression?
Herbert Hoover
What was the nickname for the
day the stock market crashed?
Black Thursday
What is the belief that government
should not interfere in the
economy called? Laissez-faire
Why did Georgia NOT immediately feel the impact of the stock market
crash? Georgia was already
in a depression.
What Georgia governor did not support public
welfare, voting rights for blacks, or federal assistance programs?
Eugene Talmadge
How many times was Eugene
Talmadge elected governor?
3
From what group did he receive his greatest support?
rural voters
Who was the president
credited with bringing the US out of the Great
Depression? Franklin D.
Roosevelt
What were the programs that paved the way for economic
recovery in the United States?
The New Deal Programs
What is the AAA?
Agricultural Adjustment
Act
What group of Georgians
benefited most from the AAA?
property owners
The system of retirement and
unemployment begun as a part of the
depression recovery is called what?
Social Security
What New Deal program provided
loans to farmers’ co-ops so they could run power lines in rural
areas? Rural Electrification
Agency (REA)
What countries were allies in
WWI? Great Britain, France, United
States and Russia
What Georgia military installation
trained infantry during WWI and is home to US Army infantry today?
Fort Benning in Columbus
What 3 ways did Georgia
support WWI? Growing food, making uniforms and material for them, transporting arms
and soldiers
What was the most
immediate cause of WWI? the assassination of Franz Ferdinand of the Austrian
Hungarian empire by a Serbian terrorist
Who were the Central Powers?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
The German invasion of what country was the
immediate cause of WWII?
Poland
Why did the US enter WWII?
The Japanese bombing of
Pearl Harbor
Name 3 major members of the Axis Powers of
WWII. Germany, Japan,
Italy
Name 3 major members of the Allied Powers of
WWII. Great Britain, the United States, the
Soviet Union
Before the US entered WWII, it provided lend-
lease aid to what 2 countries?
England & the Soviet Union
As its allies ran out of money with which
to purchase war equipment, what
system did the US. start?
the lend-lease aid
The extermination of 6 million Jews
and other “undesirables” during WWII is referred to as
what? the Holocaust
Who was the world leader
who instigated this
extermination? Adolf Hitler
Who was the first black
president of Atlanta Baptist
College? John Hope
Today Atlanta Baptist College is
known as Morehouse. Where is it located? Atlanta
Who supported economic
equality and vocational
education for African
Americans? Booker T. Washington
Who supported political
equality for African
Americans? W.E.B. DuBois
What business made Alonzo Herndon a successful
businessman? Atlanta Mutual
Insurance Company
What Georgian is known as the “father of the
2-ocean Navy”? Carl Vinson
What governor of Georgia established
the Board of Regents of the University
System and began school lunch programs?
Richard Russell
What did the Bell Aircraft Company
in Marietta produce during
WWII? The B-29
aircraft
Where in Georgia were Liberty ships built during
WWII? Brunswick and
Savannah
What New Deal program resulted
from President Roosevelt’s view of rural Georgia while
sitting on his porch in the evening? Rural Electrification Agency (REA)
Where did Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) die while sitting for a portrait?
Warm Springs, Ga.
Why did FDR spend so
much time in Georgia?
FDR used the warm mineral waters of Warm
Springs to ease his polio.
What has resulted in new crops and has changed the way farming is done in Georgia
since WWII? technology
What is the key reason for the migration of people into
Georgia since the 1960’s?
diversified economy
What percentage of Georgia’s
population today lives in the Metro
Atlanta area? Over 50%
What term is used to describe the residential
area immediately around cities?
suburban
Unplanned growth
surrounding cities is
referred to as what? urban sprawl
What problem was created by
commuting from the suburbs?
air pollution
What is the fastest growing
population group in Georgia? Hispanics
Racial moderation that included the
integration of lunch counters in Atlanta
was achieved during what mayor’s
administration? William Hartsfield
Who was the mayor of Atlanta credited with
the removal of segregation signs in city hall and the integration of the city government
and the fire department?
Ivan Allen
Aviation is the issue for which
Mayor ____________ is best
remembered?Hartsfield
Who was the mayor of Atlanta responsible for
bringing professional
athletic teams to the city? Ivan Allen
Who was the Georgia native who
was the first African American
major league baseball player?
Jackie Robinson
Who was the first governor of
Georgia to serve a term of
4 years? Ellis Arnall
Who were the candidates in the
1966 Georgia Democratic primary for governor? Ellis Arnall
Lester Maddox
Abolishing the poll tax and adopting a
new state constitution is
credited to what governor?
Ellis Arnall
What was the US Supreme Court case
that ruled the separate-but-equal
policy as unconstitutional? Brown v. Board of Education Topeka,
Kansas 1954
What law withheld federal
funds from schools that did
not end segregation? Civil Rights Act of
1964
How did Dr. King favor
bringing about social change?
Nonviolent protests
What state commission studied the
problem of school integration?
Sibley Commission
What action of Dr. King directly
influenced the passage of the
Voting Rights Act of 1965?
March on Washington, 1963
What civil rights movement
abandoned the principles of Dr.
King?
Black Panthers
Who was the first African American
to serve as a member of the
Atlanta board of education?
Benjamin Mays
During the 3 governors episode who was locked out of his office and set up an office at the
Capitol’s information counter?
Ellis Arnall
Herman Talmadge made
his greatest contribution as
governor in what area?
education
During Herman Talmadge’s
administration what was begun in order to
fund a lengthened school year and school
improvements?
3% sales tax
In what year did the Georgia state flag become an
issue in the race for governor?
2000
What organization was founded 2 months after
the 1960 sit-in at the Woolworth’s lunch
counter in Greensboro, N.C.?
Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC)
To promote civil rights for all
citizens is the purpose of what organization?
NAACP
The integration of interstate bus station waiting rooms in Albany was the focus of
what movement? The Albany
Movement 1961
Who was the first black mayor of Atlanta?
Maynard Jackson
Who were the first African American
students be admitted to
UGA? Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton
Holmes
What governor appointed more
African Americans to state boards than all prior
governors combined?
Lester Maddox
Dr. King’s “I Have a Dream”
speech is associated with
what event? March on Washington
Who was the first African American
since Reconstruction to be elected to the
House of Representatives from
Georgia? Andrew Young
Who was appointed as
UN ambassador from the US?
Andrew Young
GEOGRAPHY
What method of transportation
moves the largest amount of
freight in Georgia? trucks
Where is the largest single
container facility on the East Coast
located? Savannah
The loss of American
manufacturing jobs causes a
______in transportation
jobs. decline
HISTORY
From what area did most of the members
of Ga.’s House of Representatives
come after the end of the county unit
system? urban areas
What president helped bring
about the Camp David Peace
Accords? Jimmy Carter
What new cabinet position
was created under President
Carter? Department of
Education
Where was President
Carter born?
Plains
What political positions were held by Jimmy
Carter during his career? Member of Plains school
board, Ga. state senate, Ga. state governor,
President
The _______hostage crisis began
during the Carter administration.
Iranian
Who was the first Republican governor in
Georgia in 130 years?
Sonny Perdue
For most of the last 100 years, Georgia was dominated by how many political
parties?
One political party--Democratic
The Stone Mountain tennis facility and the
Georgia Horse Park were built
especially for what event? 1996 Summer Olympics
What word is an antonym for
entrepreneur?
employee
What entrepreneur is associated
with Coca-Cola?
John S. Pemberton
Perhaps the greatest risk taken by the
makers of Coca-Cola in an effort to increase their
profit was to change the
soft drink’s ___. advertising
Who was responsible for
making Coca-Cola a nationally
recognizable brand?
Asa Candler
Name 3 international
businesses that had their
beginnings in Ga. Coca-ColaHome Depot
Delta Air Lines
Who is the author of Gone With The
Wind?
Margaret Mitchell
Who was the Georgian who
was the founder of the American
Girl Scouts? Juliette Gordon
Low
GOVERNMENT
How many articles are in Georgia’s state constitution?
11
Which branch of Georgia’s
government is the largest? executive
To whom does the Georgia
constitution give the right to control the
government? voters
According to the system of checks and
balances, the _____branch does not have the power to
appoint state judges.
judicial
Name the 3 branches of
government.
legislative, executive,
judicial
What term refers to the designation of certain powers to
each of the 3 branches of
government? separation of
powers
According to the system of checks and
balances, the executive branch
checks the legislative branch through the use of the ______.
veto
What keeps one branch of
government from becoming too
powerful? separation of
powers
What are the requirements to
serve in the Georgia Senate?
25 years old a citizen of Ga. for at least 2
years a resident of the district
from which he is elected for at least one year
Does the Georgia General
Assembly consider laws dealing with
treaties? No—that is a federal
issue
How long is the regular session of the Georgia
General Assembly? 40 days
What are the requirements to
serve in the Georgia House of Representatives? 21 years old
a citizen of GA for at least one year
a resident of the district from which elected for one year
What type of legislation must
begin in the House of
Representatives? appropriation
bills
How long is the term of a
member of the Georgia General
Assembly? 2 years
To confirm all the executive
appointments is the unique power
of the ______. senate
The ____________has law-making power over all areas not
specifically assigned to the United States
Constitution. Georgia General
Assembly
How many legislators serve in Georgia House
of Representatives?
180
How many people serve
in the Georgia State Senate?
56
A _______committee is a permanent
legislative committee. standing
To review bills before they come to the
floor for discussion is the main purpose of
a legislative ________________.
committee
Who presides over the
Georgia state senate?
Lieutenant Governor
Who presides over the Georgia House of
Representatives? Speaker of the
House
When the house and the senate version of a bill
differ after being passed by their
respective bodies, the bill is referred to a ________committee.
conference
What happens to a bill passed by the legislature if the governor does not
veto it, but does not sign it?
becomes a law
What vote is required in the
house of representatives in order for a bill to
pass? A majority
If the governor vetoes a bill, the legislature can
override the veto by a _____________of
both houses. 2/3 vote of both
houses
What is the maximum number of
consecutive years that a Georgia
governor may serve as the state’s chief executive officer?
8
Who becomes Georgia’s governor in
the event both the governor and the
lieutenant governor are unable to serve?
Speaker of the House
What types of powers are given
to Georgia’s governor by the
state constitution? legislative,
executive, judicial
What qualifications are
required to be elected
governor? 30 years old a citizen of the US for 15 years
a resident of Georgia for 6 years
How many consecutive years can a lieutenant
governor serve in that capacity according to
Georgia’s constitution? undefined number
of years
The chief legal officer of the state is the
______.
Attorney General
What office maintains the state’s official records and supervises elections?
Secretary of State
The lieutenant governor most
effectively affects the passage of failure of
legislation in the state senate by
_______. assigning Senate bills to committee
The power to pardon criminals is a ______power of the governor.
judicial
What courts are found in each
county in Georgia? municipal courts
magistrate courts probate courts juvenile courts
Whether or not a person accused of a crime should be charged and stand trial for that crime is decide by whom?
Grand Jury
How long is the term of a
member of the Georgia State
Supreme Court? 6 years
How many justices serve on the Georgia State Supreme
Court? 7
What types of cases are
automatically reviewed by the state supreme
court? death penalty cases
Name the 2 types of
court cases. criminal and
civil
What are the most serious
criminal crimes called?
felonies
Who has the burden of proof in a
criminal case? state
Who has the burden of proof in a civil case?
plaintiff
What are the less serious
criminal crimes called? misdemeanors
A juvenile in Georgia is one who is under
the age of _____. 17
How are juvenile judges
selected? Appointed by superior court judges
Juveniles in Georgia are not guaranteed the
right to _______when being
detained. bail
Working at a kitchen in a homeless shelter
is an example of ________ _________ that could by assigned by
a juvenile judge. community
service
Who determines if a juvenile who is
taken into custody should be detained or released to his or her parents? Intake officer
What is an act that would be considered a
crime if committed by an
adult? delinquent act
What refers to an act that would
not be considered a
crime if committed by an
adult? status offense
A juvenile is not arrested , but is
rather _____ ______ _____. Taken into
custody
How many counties does Georgia have
today? 159
What is a example of a
consolidated city-county
government? Athens-Clarke
Augusta-Richmond
Which term describes a city with its
own government?
municipality
What is the name of
Ga.’s oldest city?
Savannah
Name 3 forms of city government?
mayor-council council-manager
commission
What is the most common
type of city government in
Georgia? mayor-council
A county board of education or a port
authority are examples of a
_________________district form of government.
Special district government
What are the dominant
political parties in Georgia
today? Republican and Democratic
What were the 2 earliest political parties?
Federalists and Anti-Federalists
What is the process by which a
person from another country can become an
American citizen? naturalization
What financial responsibility does a citizen
have toward the government?
to pay taxes
How old must a person be to
vote in Georgia today?
18
Who is the chief election
officer in Georgia?
Secretary of State
ECONOMICS
What is the name given to
Georgia’s budgetary
spending year? fiscal
From where does the largest
source of Georgia’s
income come? state income
tax
For what is the largest
expenditure of state funds?
education
What is the largest source of
revenue for county
governments? property taxes
When is the best time to
borrow money?
when interest is low
What type of bank accounts provides the
most flexibility?
checking
