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Aim: How did the Nile influence the rise of the powerful civilizations of Egypt?
Do Now: Geography Worksheet
+ Geography Vocabulary
Cataract = waterfall
Delta = triangular area of marshland formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of some rivers
*Natural Barriers = less prone to invasion
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Aim: How did religion and learning play important roles in ancient Egyptian civilization? Do Now: Review – How was the Nile River a blessing to the Egyptian civilization?
+Egyptian Kingdoms
Old Kingdom: 2700 BCE-2200 BCEStrong government
Middle Kingdom: 2050 BCE-1800 BCETurbulent Centuries
New Kingdom: 1550 BCE-1100 BCEHeight of Egyptian Civilization
Powerful Rulers: Queen Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Ramses II
+Egyptian Society Vocabulary
Dynasty – ruling family
Pharaohs – Egyptian kings, organized a strong, centralized state
Bureaucracy – a system of government that includes departments and levels of authority
Vizier – chief minister
(Slaves)
Mummification: Process of embalming & drying corpses to prevent them from decaying.
Ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife. They mummified the body so the soul could
return later.
Anubis was the god who watched over
the process of mummifying people
when they died.
After the embalming
procedure, the mummy’s internal
organs were placed in these clay Caponic jars.
As you know, the ancient Egyptians practiced a polytheistic, animistic religion. Here are some of the key
gods of the Egyptian religion. Notice their animalistic qualities.
Next to each god you will see their name, and what they are a god of.
Amon-Ra – the sun god. He was
the most important god of
the ancient Egyptians.
Isis – the protective
goddess. She used powerful magic to help
people in need.
Anubis – the god of
embalming and the dead.
Osiris – god of the dead, and ruler of
the underworld.
Seth – the god of chaos.
Atum – the creator god. Believed to be
the first god to exist.
Sekhmet – goddess of war.
Horus – god of the sky. Protector of
the pharaoh.
The earliest form of writing in Egypt were ideograms, like the one you see below. Each picture stood for an idea. For example a picture of a bird would
mean bird.
Hieroglyphics
As time past, the scribes needed to find an easier way of writing. As a result, a newer form of hieroglyphics was formed.
Another innovation came overtime. Papyrus, a paper-like material was developed. Now scribes could write on a more
compact surface, instead of stone or clay.
As the Egyptian civilization declined, any chance of deciphering hieroglyphics was lost….
… That is until the Rosetta Stone was discovered in 1799.
The Rosetta Stone contained a message in 3 different languages:
•Hieroglyphics
•Hieroglyphics (in a simpler form)
•Greek
Finally, in 1822 the stone was deciphered!!
+Exit Slip:
You will be traveling back in time to the year 1400 BCE Ancient Egypt. You will arrive on the banks of the longest river in the world, the Nile. Most of Egypt is composed of desert and is hot and dry. Most of the people live near the Nile and depend on it for travel and many of the things they need in everyday life. During your journey, you will complete a journal of
your experiences. In your journal, you should include the following information: Record a short description of the mummification
process Three interesting facts about the culture and
civilization you encounter
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AIM: Did Slaves build the Great Pyramid of Giza?Do Now: What accomplishments do you associate with the Egyptians?
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What do you know about the Egyptian pyramids?
The Egyptian Pyramids
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The Pyramids
The Pyramids at Giza
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How were the pyramids built?
The Pyramids at Giza
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Who built the pyramids?
The Great Pyramid at Giza
The pyramids were built from LIMESTONE.
The Great Pyramid, built for Pharaoh Khufu, contains over 2 million limestone blocks, each
weighing roughly 2 ½ tons!
As the pyramids still stand today it is easy to see the ancient Egyptians
knowledge in mathematics &
geometry.
The diagram below shows the outside of the Great Pyramid.
The buildings surrounding the pyramid are called MASTABAS,
which were tombs that held nobles.
The pyramids in front of the Great Pyramid were built for the Pharaoh’s
Queens.
A temple was built in front of the Great Pyramid to allow daily
rituals, and where offerings were left.
The inside of the pyramid contained many different areas.
• Air Shafts
• King’s Chamber
• Other Chambers
• Grand Gallery
• Queen’s Chamber
• Underground Chamber
The Great Sphinx
The Great Sphinx is a large human-headed lion that was
carved from a mound of natural rock. It is located in
Giza where it guards the front of Khafra’s pyramid.
Legends have been told for many years about the Great Sphinx. These stories tell
about the powers & mysteries of the Sphinx. Some people believe that there are hidden
passageways or rooms underneath, but nothing has
been found…. yet!
Central Historical Question
Did slaves build the Great Pyramid at Giza?
