Early Spanish and English ColonizationChapter 2.1 & 2.2

Cortez Reaches Tenochtitlan

After Columbus, conquistadors were lured to the new world by the prospect of striking it rich

Cortez set off to conquer the Aztecs upon hearing about their vast riches

Upon first glance, the Spanish were amazed by Tenochtitlan

Cortez Battles the Aztecs

The Aztec first agreed to give a portion of their gold to Cortez

The Aztec rebelled in the spring of 1520

Disease left the Aztec little hope Cortez quickly made plans for the

colony of New Spain

Spanish Pattern of Conquest

The Spanish lived among the natives and forced their culture upon them

Often peninsulares often married native women and created a large mestizo

Spanish forced the natives to work in the encomienda

1542, the encomienda was abolished

Other Spanish Explorers

Juan Ponce de Leon

Pedro Menendez Aviles

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

Pope’s Rebellion

After Coronado, most Spaniards went to New Mexico to spread Christianity

Sought to transform the Native Americans’ culture

Priests and soldiers began forcing Native Americans to pay tributes

Pueblo religious leader, Pope, was whipped and beaten for his “witchcraft”

1680 - Drove the Spanish out of New Mexico

Spain would never again have complete control of the Americas

English Settlement at Jamestown

English colonies were originally joint-stock companies

1606, King James I granted a charter to the Virginia Company

1607, the VA Company’s three ships led by John Smith landed in Virginia

Named the settlement Jamestown

Trouble in Jamestown “There was no talk, no hope, no work,

but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold.”

1607, only 38 of the original 150 settlers remained alive

1609, 600 new colonists arrived Winter of 1609 = The “Starving Time”

Jamestown Begins to Flourish

John Rolfe introduced tobacco to the region

Virginia Company introduced a headright system

Many indentured servants were brought over to work plantations

Africans began to arrive in the colonies

Settlers Clash with Native Americans

English settlers had no desire to live among or intermarry with the Native Americans

Leaders demanded tributes from the Powhatan

Chief Opechancanough attacked Jamestown in retaliation

King James I made Virginia a royal colony

Economic Differences Split Virginia

During 1660s and 1670s, Virginia’s poor settlers very unhappy

Berkeley imposed high taxes 1675, bloody clash between frontier

settlers and local native tribes 1676, Nathaniel Bacon raised an army Marched on the colony and drove

Berkeley out