+

Active TransportAnd Proteins Involved

Moves molecules from a LOW concentration to a HIGH concentration

+Active Transport

Requires Energy

Transport of molecules or ions against its concentration gradient

Molecules moving from low to high concentration

energy source used is ATP

+Carrier Pumps

Same function as a carrier protein, except it moves ions against its concentration gradient

Low to high concentration = requires energy

Example: Na+/K+ pump 3 Na+ ions are pumped outside the cell: higher

[Na+] 2 K+ ions are pumped inside the cell: higher [K+]

http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_sodium_potassium_pump_works.html

+Importance of Na+/K+ Pump

Disease that can result

Mutation or non functional protein can lead to dystonia parkinsonism

Involuntary, sustained muscle contractions

Tremors, slow & painful movement, shuffle walk with consistent falling.

+Importance of Na+/K+ Pump

Neurons use the Na+/K+ Pump to communicate and send signals to each other.

Example:

Stick hand in flame of a candle.

Neurons in finger cannot communicate pain to brain.

Result: 3rd degree burns on hand

+Endocytosis

Defined: movement of a substance INTO the cell by a vesicle

Vesicle: small sac that contains materials Made of

phospholipids

+Exocytosis

Defined: movement of a molecule OUT of the cell by a vesicle