At the end of this lesson, learners will be able to : Use the modals effectively. Apply the acquired learning in their day to day life.

Make their English interesting and vivacious.

INDEX

MODALS : Definition & TypesFeatures of ModalsHow to Use ModalsTest Your Knowledge

MModals are the odals are the auxiliaries.auxiliaries.

These auxiliaries are :These auxiliaries are :

• ShallShall

• WillWill

• WouldWould

• ShouldShould

• MayMay

• MightMight

• CanCan

• CouldCould

• Ought toOught to

• Used toUsed to

• NeedNeed

• DareDare

• MustMust

• Modals mean modes• Action is denoted by the main verb • Look at this sentence

• Here, the mode is ability of the speaker & action is being denoted by the main verb ‘speak’.

• Hence, Can is a modal because it is showing the ability [mode] of ‘speak’ [main verb].

They do not come alone and always take 1st form of the verb with them.

Modals are never affected by the person, number and gender of the subject.

Use of ‘Shall’ & ‘ Will’Use of ‘Shall’ & ‘ Will’ I Persons[I, my, we, our,us, me, mine etc.]

II & III Persons[You, your, he, she, they, his , her, their etc.]

Shall Simple Future Threat / FirmDetermination /Command etc.

Will Threat /PromiseDetermination /Command etc.

Simple Future

• I will buy a car. [Firm Determination]

• You shall be punished if you don’t change your habits.

[Threat]• I will surely help you.

[Promise]

Should is used to express :

May is used to express :

May I use your book, May I use your book, Sir ?Sir ?

• By changing the number, gender or person , we’ll see

in the structure of the verb.

• They can do yoga. • She can do yoga.• You can do yoga.

Strength Ability Informal Permission Ram can lift this heavy rock.

[Strength] I can operate computer now. [Ability] Can I use your pen ? [Informal

Permission]

•Must is used to express :

1.It ……. rain today. {Possibility}2.I ……….. swim in the river. {Ability}3.He ………. take medicines regularly

as he is chronically ill. {Necessity} 4.You …….. follow my orders. You ……

be regular in your studies. {Advice}5.…....... God bless you ! {Wish} 6.Rest assured I …… come to your

home. {Promise}

{Necessity}