سورة البقرةمدنية مئتان و ست و ثمانون آية

Ayah 108ى ١٠٨ ئ�ل� موس� ا س ول�كم� ك�م� س �لوا� ر� أ . أ�م� تر�يدون� أ�ن ت�س�

و�اء ل# س� د� ض� ق� ر� ب�اإل�يم�ان� ف� ب�ل و�م�ن ي�ت�ب�د#ل� ال�كف� م�ن ق�ب�يل� الس#

Or do you want to ask your Messenger (Muhammad ) as Musa was asked before? And he who changes faith for disbelief, verily, he has gone astray from the right way.

Allah criticized those who asked the Messenger of Allah about a certain matter just for the purpose of being difficult, just as the Children of Israel asked Musa out of stubbornness, rejection and rebellion. This is the case of those who deviated from accepting the Prophets and obeying them and those who kept asking their Prophets unnecessary questions in defiance and disbelief.

Background of revelation

Muhammad bin Ishaq said that Muhammad bin Abi Muhammad told him that `Ikrimah or Sa`id said that Ibn `Abbas said that Rafi` bin Huraymilah or Wahb bin Zayd said: "O Muhammad! Bring us a Book sent down from heaven, which we could read, and make some rivers flow for us, then we will follow you and believe in you.'' Allah sent down this ayah as an answer to this challenge.

Prohibition of Unnecessary Questions • In Ayah 108, Allah forbade the believers from asking

the Prophet numerous questions about matters that did not occur yet.

• Similarly, Allah said:ي�آء� إ�ن تب�د� ل�كم� �لوا� ع�ن� أ�ش� أ نوا� ال� ت�س� ا ال#ذ�ين� ء�ام� �ي8ه� يأء�ان تب�د� ر� ل ال�ق ين� ين�ز# ا ح� �لوا� ع�ن�ه� أ إ�ن ت�س� ؤ�كم� و� ت�س

ل�كم�(O you who believe! Ask not about things which, if made plain to you, may cause you trouble. But if you ask about them while the Qur'an is being revealed, they will be made plain to you) (5:101).This Ayah means, "If you ask about a matter after it is revealed, it shall be duly explained to you. Therefore, do not ask about matters that have not occurred yet, for they might become prohibited, due to your questions.''

• That is why the Messenger, as quoted by Bukhary, said:

ء> ل�م� ي� أ�ل� ع�ن� ش� ا م�ن� س� م< ر� ل�م�ين� ج إ�ن# أ�ع�ظ�م� ال�مس��ل�ت�ه أ ل� م�س� م� م�ن� أ�ج� Cر ح ، ف� م� ر# يح�

“The greatest criminal among the Muslims is the one who asks if a thing is prohibited, which is not prohibited, and it becomes prohibited because of his asking about it.”

• This is why when the Messenger of Allah was asked about a husband who finds another man with his wife; if he exposes the adultery, he will be exposing a major incident; if he is quiet about it, he will be quiet about a major matter. The Messenger of Allah did not like such questions. Later on, Allah revealed the ruling of Mula`anah (Refer to Nur 24:6-9 in the Qur'an).

• The Two Sahihs (of Bukhary and Muslim) recorded that Al-Mughirah bin Shu`bah said that the Messenger of Allah "Forbade saying, `It was said' and `He said,' and wasting money and asking many questions.'' Muslim recorded that the Prophet said,

م� ال�ه� ؤ� ة� س ب�ل�كم� ب�ك�ث�ر� ل�ك� م�ن� ك�ان� ق� ا ه� �ن#م� إ ، ف� ك�تكم� ا ت�ر� ون�ي م� ذ�را ن�ه م� �توا م� أ ر> ف� م�

تكم� ب�أ� ر� م�إ�ذ�ا أ� ، ف� م� ن�ب�ي�ائ�ه�

� م� ع�لى أ ف�ه� ت�ال� و�اخ�ت�ن�بوه اج� ء> ف� ي� ي�تكم� ع�ن� ش� إ�ن� ن�ه� ت�ط�ع�تم� و� اس�

“Leave me as I leave you; those before you were only destroyed because of their excessive questioning and disputing with their Prophets. Therefore, when I command you with a matter, adhere to it as much as you can, and when I forbid from something, avoid it.”

• The Prophet only said this after he told the Companions that Allah has ordered them to perform Hajj. A man asked, "Every year, O Messenger of Allah?'' The Prophet did not answer him, but he repeated his question three times. Then the Prophet said:

ت�ط�ع�تم ا اس� ب�ت� ل�م� ل�و� و�ج� ب�ت� و� ، ل�و�ج� : ن�ع�م� ل�ت ل�و� ق ، و� ال�“No. Had I said yes, it would have been ordained, and you would not have been able to implement it.”

Those who deviated from accepting the Prophets and obeying them and those who kept asking their Prophets unnecessary questions in defiance and disbelief deserved punishment. Allah said:

� ل8وا أ�ح� ا و� ر< � ن�ع�م�ت� الل#ه� كف� �ل�م� ت�ر� إ�ل�ى ال#ذ�ين� ب�د#لوا أار ر� ب�ئ�س� ال�ق� ا و� ن�ه� ل�و� ن#م� ي�ص� ه� م� د�ار� ال�ب�و�ار� - ج� ه و�م� ق�Have you not seen those who have changed the blessings of Allah into disbelief (by denying Prophet Muhammad and his Message of Islam), and caused their people to dwell in the house of destruction Hell, in which they will burn and what an evil place to settle in! (14:28-29).

Ayah 109ـن�كم� د8ون�كم م�ن ب�ع�د� إ�يم� ب� ل�و� ي�ر د# ك�ث�ير] مCن� أ�ه�ل� ال�ك�تـ� و�م ا ت�ب�ي#ن� ل�ه م� مCن ب�ع�د� م� ه� س� �ن�ف ن�د� أ د<ا مCن� ع� س� ا ح� ار< كف#

ر�ه� إ�ن# م�ت#ى ي�أ�ت�ى� الل#ه ب�أ� وا� ح� ح ف� وا� و�اص� اع�ف ق8 ف� ال�ح�

� ء�اتوا ل�وة� و� وا� الص# يم أ�ق� د�ير] - و� ء> ق� ى� الل#ه� ع�ل�ى كلC ش�ند� دوه ع� ي�ر> ت�ج� كم مCن� خ� س� وا� أل�ن�ف دCم ا تق� ك�وة� و�م� الز#

ير] لون� ب�ص� ا ت�ع�م� الل#ه� إ�ن# الل#ه� ب�م�Many of the People of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) wish that they could turn you away as disbelievers after you have believed, out of envy from their own selves, even after the truth (that Muhammad is Allah's Messenger) has become manifest unto them. But forgive and overlook, till Allah brings His command. Verily, Allah is able to do all things.) (110. And perform the Salah and give the Zakah, and whatever of good you send forth for yourselves before you, you shall find it with Allah. Certainly, Allah is the Seer of what you do.)

Background of revelationIbn Abi Hatim recorded that `Abdullah bin Ka`b bin Malik said that Ka`b bin Al-Ashraf, who was a Jew and a poet, used to criticize the Prophet in his poems, so Allah revealed:

د8ون�كم ب� ل�و� ي�ر د# ك�ث�ير] مCن� أ�ه�ل� ال�ك�تـ� و�“Many of the People of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) wish that they could turn you away..) regarding his matter.”Also, Ad-Dahhak said that Ibn `Abbas said, "An unlettered Messenger came to the People of the Scriptures confirming what they have in their own Books about the Messengers and the Ayat of Allah. He also believes in all of this, just as they believe in it. Yet, they rejected the Prophet out of disbelief, envy and transgression. This is why Allah said:ق8 م ال�ح� ا ت�ب�ي#ن� ل�ه م� مCن ب�ع�د� م� ه� س� �ن�ف ن�د� أ د<ا مCن� ع� ا ح�س� ار< كف#“out of envy from their own selves, even after the truth (that Muhammad is Allah's Messenger) has become manifest unto them.”Allah said that after He illuminated the truth for them, such that they were not ignorant of any of it, yet their envy made them deny the Prophet .

Prohibition of imitating disbelieversAllah warned His believing servants against following the ways of the People of Book, who publicly and secretly harbor emnity and hatred for the believers, and who envy the believers, while they recognize the virtue of the believers and their Prophet . Allah also commanded His believing servants to forgive them and to be patient with them, until Allah delivers His aid and victory to them. This is similar to His saying;

� �وا ك �ر �ش� أ �#ذ!ين ال �و�م!ن �م� !ك �ل ق�ب م!ن �ب �ـ �ك!ت ال � �وا �وت أ �#ذ!ين ال �م!ن م�ع�ن# �س� �ت و�ل - !يرا �ث ك �ذ-ى أ

“And you shall certainly hear much that will grieve you from those who received the Scripture before you (Jews and Christians) and from those who ascribe partners to Allah.” (3: 186).

Ayah 110

ك�م �ف�س! �ن أل � �ق�د3م�وا ت و�م�ا ��وة ك الز# � �وا و�ء�ات ��وة الص#ل � �ق!يم�وا و�أ ��ون �ع�م�ل ت !م�ا ب �#ه الل !ن# إ #ه! الل �ع!ند �ج!د�وه� ت �ر< ي �خ م3ن�

�ص!ير@ ب

And perform the Salah and give the Zakah, and whatever of good you send forth for yourselves before you, you shall find it with Allah. Certainly, Allah is the Seer of what you do.

Encouragement to do good deedsAllah encouraged the believers to busy themselves in performing deeds that would bring them benefit and reward on the Day of Resurrection, such as prayer and paying Zakah. This way, they will gain Allah's aid in this life and on a Day when the witnesses testify,

وء الد#ار� م� س ل�ه م ال�ل#ع�ن�ة و� ل�ه م� و� ته ع�ذ�ر� ل�م�ين� م� ع الظـ# ي�و�م� ال� ي�نف�“The Day when their excuses will be of no profit to the Zalimin (wrongdoers). Theirs will be the curse, and theirs will be the evil abode (i.e. painful torment in Hell-fire)” (40:52).This is why Allah said:

ير] لون� ب�ص� ا ت�ع�م� إ�ن# الل#ه� ب�م�“Certainly, Allah sees what you do”, meaning, that He is never unaware of the deeds of any person, nor will these deeds be lost by Him. Whether deeds are righteous or evil, Allah will award each according to what he or she deserves based on their deeds.

Ayah 111

و� < أ� ن#ة� إ�ال# م�ن ك�ان� هودا ل� ال�ج� � ل�ن ي�د�خ الوا و�ق�

ان�كم� إ�ن ه� � بر� اتوا م� قل� ه� ان�ي8ه م�ى ت�ل�ك� أ� ار� ن�ص�

اد�ق�ين� كنتم� ص�

And they say, "None shall enter Paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christian.'' These are their own desires. Say (O Muhammad ), "Produce your Burhan if you are truthful.'‘

Dan mereka (Yahudi dan Nasrani) berkata: "Sekali-kali tidak akan masuk surga kecuali orang-orang (yang beragama) Yahudi atau Nasrani". Demikian itu (hanya) angan-angan mereka yang kosong belaka. Katakanlah: "Tunjukkanlah bukti kebenaranmu jika kamu adalah orang yang benar".

Hopes of the People of the Book • Allah made the confusion of the Jews and the

Christians clear, since they claim that no one will enter Paradise, unless he is a Jew or a Christian. Similarly, Allah mentioned their claims in Surat Al-Ma'idah:

#اؤ�ه� ب �ح! و�أ #ه! الل �اء� �ن �ب أ �ح�ن� ن“We are the children of Allah and His loved ones.”

(5:18).• Allah refuted this false claim and informed them that

they will be punished because of their sins. Previously we mentioned their claim that the Fire would not touch them for more than a few days, after which they would be put in Paradise. Allah rebuked this claim, and He said about this baseless claim:

Eه�م� !ي م�ان� أ �!ل�ك ت

“These are their own desires.”

Demand for evidence

• Allah then said, [ meaning, "Say (Say) [ق�ل�O Muhammad:'' �م� �ك ن �هـ �ر� ب � �وا Produce") ”ه�اتyour Burhan...''), meaning, "Your proof'', as Abu Al-`Aliyah, Mujahid, As-Suddi and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas stated.

• Qatadah said that the Ayah means, "Bring the evidence that supports your statement, “ �ص�ـد!ق!ين �م� �نت ك !ن if you are truthful in your) ”إclaim.)

Ayah 112

ل�ه ن] ف� و� مح�س� ه ل�لcه� و�ه ه� ل�م� و�ج� س�ب�ل�ى م�ن� أ�

م� و�ال� هم� و�ف] ع�ل�ي�ه� بCه� و�ال� خ� ند� ر� ه ع� ر أ�ج�نون� ز� ي�ح�

Yes, but whoever submits his face (himself) to Allah (follows Allah's religion of Islamic Monotheism) and he is a Muhsin shall have their reward with their Lord. There shall be no fear on them (in the future) nor shall they grieve (about what they abandoned in the past).

(Tidak demikian) bahkan barangsiapa yang menyerahkan diri kepada Allah, sedang ia berbuat kebajikan, maka baginya pahala pada sisi Tuhannya dan tidak ada kekhawatiran terhadap mereka dan tidak (pula) mereka bersedih hati.

Submission to Allah

In a similar statement, Allah said:

ى� لل#ه� و�م�ن� ه� ل�م�ت و�ج� س�ل� أ� ق وك� ف� آج8 إن� ح� ف�

ات#ب�ع�ن�So if they dispute with you (Muhammad ) say: "I have submitted myself to Allah (in Islam), and (so have) those who follow me.'' (3:20)

Two conditions for acceptable deeds

Ayah 112 indicates that good deeds will be accepted and rewarded by Allah if two conditions are met: Submitting to Allah and trying to do the best (Muhsin) – in accordance with Shari’ah).

• For there are two conditions for deeds to be accepted; the deed must be performed for Allah's sake alone and conform to the Shari`ah. When the deed is sincere, but does not conform to the Shari`ah, then it will not be accepted. The Messenger of Allah said, « �ف�ه�و �ا ن م�ر�

� أ �ه! �ي ع�ل ��س �ي ل ع�م�ال- �ع�م!ل م�ن�د �«ر(Whoever performs a deed that does not conform with our matter (religion), then it will be rejected.)

• This Hadith was recorded by Muslim. Therefore, the good deeds of the priests and rabbis will not be accepted, even if they are sincerely for Allah alone, because these deeds do not conform with the method of the Messenger , who was sent for all mankind.

Unacceptable deedsRegarding such cases of the deeds that are not accepted, Allah said:

ب�آء< ع�ل�ن�اه ه� ج� لوا� م�ن� ع�م�ل> ف� ا ع�م� �ل�ى م� ن�آ إ د�م� و�ق�نثورا< م#

And We shall turn to whatever deeds they (disbelievers, polytheists, sinners) did, and We shall make such deeds as scattered floating particles of dust. (25:23)

به س� يع�ة> ي�ح� اب> ب�ق� ر� م� ك�س� ـله � أ�ع�م� وا ر ال#ذ�ين� ك�ف� و�ي�ئا< د�ه ش� آء�ه ل�م� ي�ج� �ذ�ا ج� ت#ى إ آء< ح� آن م� الظ#م�As for those who disbelieved, their deeds are like a mirage in a desert. The thirsty one thinks it to be water, until he comes up to it, he finds it to be nothing. (24:39)

HypocracyWhen the deed conforms to the Shari`ah outwardly, but the person did not perform it sincerely for Allah alone, the deed will also be rejected, as in the case of the hypocrites and those who do their deeds to show off. Allah said,

م� اد�عه و� خ� ـد�عون� الل#ه� و�ه ين� يخ� ق� ف� نـ� إ�ن# ال�مال�ى وا� كس� ام ل�وة� ق� � إ�ل�ى الص# وا ام �ذ�ا ق� إ و�

ل�يال< ون� الل#ه� إ�ال# ق� آءون� الن#اس� و�ال� ي�ذ�كر ير�Verily, the hypocrites seek to deceive Allah, but it is He Who deceives them. And when they stand up for As-Salah (the prayer), they stand with laziness to be seen by people, and they do not remember Allah but little. (4:142)

Show-off indicates hypocricy

• Similarly, Allah said:م� ت�ه� لـ� لCين� - ال#ذ�ين� هم� ع�ن ص� ي�ل] لCل�مص� و� ف�ن�عون� ي�م� آءون� - و� اهون� - ال#ذ�ين� هم� ير� س�

اعون� ال�م�So woe unto those performers of Salah (prayers) (hypocrites). Those who delay their Salah (from their stated fixed times). Those who do good deeds only to be seen (of men). And withhold Al-Ma`un (small kindnesses)) (107:4-7).

This is why Allah said,

ل�ي�ع�م�ل� ع�م�ال< بCه� ف� آء� ر� و ل�ق� ج م�ن ك�ان� ي�ر� ف�د�ا بCه� أ�ح� ر�ك� ب�ع�ب�اد�ة� ر� ـل�حا< و�ال� يش� ص�

So whoever hopes for the meeting with his Lord, let him work righteousness and associate none as a partner in the worship of his Lord) (18: 110).

• He also said in this Ayah:

ل�ه ن] ف� و� مح�س� ه ل�لcه� و�ه ه� ل�م� و�ج� س�ب�ل�ى م�ن� أ�

م� و�ال� هم� و�ف] ع�ل�ي�ه� بCه� و�ال� خ� ند� ر� ه ع� ر أ�ج�نون� ز� ي�ح�

Yes, but whoever submits his face (himself) to Allah (follows Allah's religion of Islamic Monotheism) and he is a Muhsin shall have their reward with their Lord. There shall be no fear on them (in the future) nor shall they grieve (about what they abandoned in the past).

Ayah 113ال�ت� ء> و�ق� ي� ى ع�ل�ى� ش� ار� ت� الن#ص� ود ل�ي�س� ال�ت� ال�ي�ه و�ق�م� ي�ت�لون� ء> و�ه ي� ود ع�ل�ى ش� ت� ال�ي�ه ى ل�ي�س� ار� الن#ص�

م� ل�ه� و� ث�ل� ق� ال� ال#ذ�ين� ال� ي�ع�ل�مون� م� ال�ك�ت�اب� ك�ذ�ل�ك� ق�يه� ا ك�انوا� ف� يم� ة� ف� ي�ام� م� ي�و�م� ال�ق� كم ب�ي�ن�ه اللcه ي�ح� ف�

ون� ت�ل�ف ي�خ�The Jews said that the Christians follow nothing (i.e. are not on the right religion); and the Christians said that the Jews follow nothing (i.e. are not on the right religion); though they both recite the Scripture. Like unto their word, said those who know not. Allah will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection about that wherein they have been differing. Dan orang-orang Yahudi berkata: "Orang-orang Nasrani itu tidak mempunyai suatu pegangan", dan orang-orang Nasrani berkata: "Orang-orang Yahudi tidak mempunyai sesuatu pegangan," padahal mereka (sama-sama) membaca Al Kitab. Demikian pula orang-orang yang tidak mengetahui, mengatakan seperti ucapan mereka itu. Maka Allah akan mengadili diantara mereka pada hari Kiamat, tentang apa-apa yang mereka berselisih padanya.

Jews and Christians follow their books?

Jews and Christians do not follow their books and they, therefore, do not follow certain principles in their life.

�اة �#و�ر � الت �ق!يم�وا #ى ت ت �ى�ء< ح ��م� ع�ل�ى ش ت �س� ب! ل �ـ �ك!ت �ه�ل� ال أ �ـ ق�ل� ي�م� 3ك ب �م� م3ن ر# �ك �ي !ل �نز!ل� إ !نج!يل� و�م�آ أ و�اإل

Say (O Muhammad ) "O People of the Scripture (Jews and Christians)! You have nothing (as regards guidance) till you act according to the Tawrah, the Injil, and what has (now) been sent down to you from your Lord (the Qur'an).'‘ (Al Maidah 5:68)

Information on Muhammad in their books

The Tawrah and the Injil actually contained information about the prophethood of Muhammad.

�ه� �ج!د�ون #ذ!ى ي �م3ى# ال !ى# األ #ب س�ول� الن !ع�ون� الر# #ب �ت #ذ!ين� ي ال!نج!يل! اة! و�اإل �#و�ر -ا ع!ند�ه�م� ف!ى الت �وب �ت م�ك

Those who follow the Messenger, the Prophet who can neither read nor write (i.e. Muhammad) whom they find written with them in the Tawrah and the Injil. (Al A’raf 7:157)

Supporting ayatى ـر� ـب�ئ�ين� و�الن#ص� ادوا� و�الص# ال#ذ�ين� ه� نوا� و� إ�ن# ال#ذ�ين� ء�ام�

م� ي�و�م� ل ب�ي�ن�ه ص� � إ�ن# الل#ه� ي�ف� كوا ر� ال#ذ�ين� أ�ش� ال�م�جوس� و� و�يد] ه� ء> ش� ى� ة� إ�ن# الل#ه� ع�ل�ى كلC ش� يـم� ال�ق�

Verily, those who believe (in Allah and in His Messenger Muhammad ), and those who are Jews, and the Sabians, and the Christians, and the Majus, and those who associate partners with Allah; truly, Allah will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection. Verily, Allah is over all things a Witness.

و� قC و�ه ت�ح ب�ي�ن�ن�ا ب�ال�ح� ب8ن�ا ثم# ي�ف� ع ب�ي�ن�ن�ا ر� م� ل� ي�ج� قت#اح ال�ع�ل�يم ال�ف�

Say: "Our Lord will assemble us all together (on the Day of Resurrection), then He will judge between us with truth. And He is the Just Judge, the Knower of the true state of affairs.'' (34:26).

Ayah 114ه م ا اس� يه� د� الل#ه� أ�ن يذ�ك�ر� ف� ـاج� ن�ع� م�س� و�م�ن� أ�ظ�ل�م م�م#ن م#

آ إ�ال# لوه� م� أ�ن ي�د�خ ا ك�ان� ل�ه ئ�ك� م� لـ� و�آ أ اب�ه� ر� ع�ى ف�ى خ� و�س�

ة� ع�ذ�اب] ر� م� ف�ى االoخ� ل�ه ى] و� ز� م� ف�ى الد8ن�ي�ا خ� ين� ل�ه آئ�ف� خ� ع�ظ�يم]

And who are more unjust than those who forbid that Allah's Name be mentioned (i.e. prayers and invocations) in Allah's Masjids and strive for their ruin It was not fitting that such should themselves enter them (Allah's Masjids) except in fear. For them there is disgrace in this world, and they will have a great torment in the Hereafter.Dan siapakah yang lebih aniaya daripada orang yang menghalanghalangi menyebut nama Allah dalam mesjid-mesjid-Nya, dan berusaha untuk merobohkannya? Mereka itu tidak sepatutnya masuk ke dalamnya (mesjid Allah), kecuali dengan rasa takut (kepada Allah). Mereka di dunia mendapat kehinaan dan di akhirat mendapat siksa yang berat.

Background of revelationAfter Allah chastised the Jews and Christians, He also criticized the idolators who expelled the Messenger of Allah and his Companions from Makkah, preventing them from praying in Al-Masjid Al-Haram, which they kept exclusively for their idols and polytheism. The Quraysh idolators also prevented the Prophet from entering Makkah from Al-Hudaybiyyah, until he slaughtered the Hadyi (animal for sacrifice) at Dhi-Tuwa. He then agreed to a peace treaty with the idolators and said to them, “No one before has ever prevented people from entering the House. One would even see the killer of his father and brother, but would not prevent him (from entering the House of Allah.” They said, "Whoever killed our fathers at Badr shall never enter it while there is one of us alive.''

Good newsIt was also said that this Ayah (2:114) carries the good news for the Muslims from Allah that He will allow them to take over Al-Masjid Al-Haram and all the Masjids and disgrace the idolators. Soon after, the Ayah indicated, no idolator shall enter the House, except out of fear of being seized or killed, unless he embraces Islam. Allah fulfilled this promise and later decreed that idolators would not be allowed to enter Al-Masjid Al-Haram. The Messenger of Allah stated that no two religions should remain in the Arabian Peninsula, and the Jews and Christians should be expelled from it, all praise is due to Allah. All of these rulings ensure maintaining the honor of Al-Masjid Al-Haram and purifying the area where Allah sent His Messenger to warn and bring good news to all of mankind -- may Allah's peace and blessings be on him.

Comparable measure

This Ayah also described the disgrace that the disbelievers earn in this life, and that the punishment comes in a form comparable to the deed. Just as they prevented the believers from entering Al-Masjid Al-Haram, they were prevented from entering it in turn. Just as they expelled the believers from Makkah, they were in turn expelled from Makkah.

� بوا ر� ال� ي�ق� ر�كون� ن�ج�س] ف� ا ال�مش� �ن#م� � إ نوا ا ال#ذ�ين� ء�ام� �ي8ه� يأـذ�ا م� ه� ام� ب�ع�د� ع�ام�ه� ر� د� ال�ح� ج� ال�م�س�

O you who believe (in Allah's Oneness and in His Messenger Muhammad)! Verily, the Mushrikun (idolators) are Najasun (impure). So let them not come near Al-Masjid-Al-Haram (at Makkah) after this year) (Al Taubah 9:28)

Polytheists will not maintain Masjids

د� اج� وا� م�س� ر ر�ك�ين� أ�ن ي�ع�م ا ك�ان� ل�ل�مش� م�ر� م ب�ال�كف� ه� س� د�ين� ع�ل�ى أ�نف ـه� الله ش�م� و�ف�ى الن#ار� ـله ب�ط�ت� أ�ع�م� ئ�ك� ح� لـ� و�

أـل�دون� هم� خ�

It is not for the Mushrikin (polytheists), to maintain the Masjids of Allah while they witness against their own selves of disbelief. The works of such are in vain and in Fire shall they abide. (Al Taubah 9:17)

Disbelievers prevent people from Masjidsد�ى� ال�ه� ام� و� ر� د� ال�ح� ج� د8وكم� ع�ن� ال�م�س� وا� و�ص� ر هم ال#ذ�ين� ك�ف�

آء] ن�س� نون� و� ؤ�م� ال] م8 ل�و�ال� ر�ج� ل#ه و� ح� ع�كوفا< أ�ن ي�ب�لغ� م� م�م� ن�ه Cيب�كم� م تص� ت] ل#م� ت�ع�ل�موهم� أ�ن ت�ط�ئوهم� ف� نـ� ؤ�م� م8

آء ل�و� ت�ه� م�ن ي�ش� م� ح� ل� الل#ه ف�ى ر� ل�م> لCيد�خ� ة] ب�غ�ي�ر� ع� ع�ر# �ل�يما<م# م� ع�ذ�ابا< أ ن�ه وا� م� ر � ل�ع�ذ#ب�ن�ا ال#ذ�ين� ك�ف� ي#لوا ت�ز�

They are the ones who disbelieved and hindered you from Al-Masjid-Al-Haram (at Makkah) and detained the sacrificial animals, from reaching their place of sacrifice. Had there not been believing men and believing women whom you did not know, that you may kill them and on whose account a sin would have been committed by you without (your) knowledge, that Allah might bring into His mercy whom He wills ـ if they (the believers and the disbelievers) had been apart, We verily, would have punished those of them who disbelieved with painful torment. (Al Fath 48:25).

Preventers deserve punishment

Those preventing people from entering Masjids for praying deserve punishment.

د8ون� ع�ن� م الل#ه و�هم� ي�ص م� أ�ال# يع�ذCب�ه ا ل�ه و�م�ل�ي�آء�ه إ�ن� و�

� أ� ا ك�انوا ام� و�م� ر� د� ال�ح� ج� ال�م�س�هم� ال� ك�ن# أ�ك�ث�ر� لـ� ون� و� ت#ق ه إ�ال# ال�م ل�ي�آؤ و�

أ�ي�ع�ل�مون�

And why should not Allah punish them while they hinder (men) from Al-Masjid Al-Haram, and they are not its guardians None can be its guardians except Al-Muttaqun (the pious), but most of them know not. (Al Anfal 8:34)

Only believers maintain Masjidsال�ي�و�م� د� الل#ه� م�ن� ء�ام�ن� ب�الل#ه� و� ـج� ر م�س� ا ي�ع�م �ن#م� إ

ل�م� ي�خ�ش� ك�وة� و� ل�وة� و�ءات�ى الز# ام� الص# أ�ق� ر� و� االoخ�ئ�ك� أ�ن ي�كونوا� م�ن� لـ� و�

ى أ ع�س� إ�ال# الل#ه� ف�ت�د�ين� ه� ال�م

The Masjids of Allah shall be maintained only by those who believe in Allah and the Last Day; perform the Salah, and give the Zakah and fear none but Allah. It is they who are on true guidance. (Al Taubah 9:18)

Therefore, if those believers who follow the virtues mentioned in the Ayah were prevented from attending the Masjid, then what cause for destruction is worse than this Maintaining the Masjids not only means beautifying them, but it involves remembering Allah, establishing His Shari`ah in the Masjids and purifying them from the filth of Shirk.

Ayah 115

ث�م# � ف� ل8وا ا تو� �ي�ن�م� أ غ�ر�ب ف� ال�م� ر�ق و� ل�ل#ه� ال�م�ش� و�ع] ع�ل�يم] ه الل#ه� إ�ن# الل#ه� و�س� و�ج�

And to Allah belong the east and the west, so wherever you turn (yourselves or your faces) there is the Face of Allah (and He is High above, over His Throne). Surely, Allah is Sufficient (for His creatures' needs), Knowing.

Dan kepunyaan Allah-lah timur dan barat, maka kemanapun kamu menghadap di situlah wajah Allah. Sesungguhnya Allah Maha Luas (rahmat-Nya) lagi Maha Mengetahui.

Background of revelationIt was said that Allah sent down this Ayah before the order to face the Ka`bah. Ibn Jarir said, "Others said that this Ayah was revealed to the Messenger of Allah permitting the one praying voluntary prayers to face wherever they wish in the east or west, while traveling, when in fear and when facing the enemy.'' For instance, Ibn `Umar used to face whatever direction his animal was headed and proclaim that the Messenger of Allah did the same, explaining the Ayah,

ه الل#ه� ث�م# و�ج� ل8وا� ف� ا تو� �ي�ن�م� أ ف�So wherever you turn (yourselves or your faces) there is the Face of Allah.''

That Hadith was also collected by Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim, Ibn Marduwyah, and its origin is in the Two Sahihs from Ibn `Umar and `Amr bin Rabi`ah without mentioning the Ayah. In his Sahih, Al-Bukhari recorded that Nafi` said that whenever Ibn `Umar was asked about the prayer during times of fear, he used to describe it and would then say, "When the sense of fear is worse than that, pray while standing, or while riding, whether facing the Qiblah or not.'' Nafi` then said, "I think Ibn `Umar mentioned that from the Prophet .'' It was also said that the Ayah was revealed about those who are unable to find the correct direction of the Qiblah in the dark or due to cloudy skies and, thus, prayed in a direction other than the Qiblah by mistake.

Qiblah for People in Madinah The Qiblah for the People in Al-Madinah is what is between the East and the West.

In his Tafsir of this Ayah (2:115), Al-Hafiz Ibn Marduwyah recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said:

د�ين�ة� �ه�ل� ال�م� ب�ل�ة] أل� غ�ر�ب� ق� ال�م� ر�ق� و� ا ب�ي�ن� ال�م�ش� م�اق أ�ه�ل� ال�ع�ر� ام� و� أ�ه�ل� الش# و�

What is between the east and the west is the Qiblah for the people of Al-Madinah, Ash-Sham and `Iraq.At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah recorded this Hadith with the wording:

ب�ل�ة غ�ر�ب� ق� ال�م� ر�ق� و� ا ب�ي�ن� ال�م�ش� م�What is between the east and the west is a Qiblah.

Ayah 116-117ا ف�ي ـن�ه ب�ل ل#ه م� ب�ح� ل�د<ا س ذ� الل#ه و� � ات#خ� الوا و�ق�

ـن�تون� - ب�د�يع ض� كلo ل#ه ق� ـو�ت� و�االoر� م� الس#ول ا ي�ق �ن#م� إ ا ف� ر< م�

�ذ�ا ق�ض�ى أ� إ ض� و� ـو�ت� و�االoر� م� الس#ي�كون ل�ه كن� ف�

116. And they (Jews, Christians and pagans) say: Allah has begotten a son (children or offspring). Glory is to Him (Exalted is He above all that they associate with Him). Nay, to Him belongs all that is in the heavens and on earth, and all are Qanitun to Him. 117. The Originator of the heavens and the earth. When He decrees a matter, He only says to it: "Be! And it is.

116. Mereka (orang-orang kafir) berkata: "Allah mempunyai anak". Maha Suci Allah, bahkan apa yang ada di langit dan di bumi adalah kepunyaan Allah; semua tunduk kepada-Nya.117. Allah Pencipta langit dan bumi, dan bila Dia berkehendak (untuk menciptakan) sesuatu, maka (cukuplah) Dia hanya mengatakan kepadanya: "Jadilah!" Lalu jadilah ia.

Background of revelation

This and the following Ayat refute the Christians and their like among the Jews and the Arab idolators, who claimed that the angels are Allah's daughters. Allah refuted all of them in their claim that He had begotten a son. Allah said:

ـن�ه ب�ح� ض� س ـو�ت� و�االoر� م� ا ف�ي الس# ب�ل ل#ه م�Glory is to Him.

This means that He is holier and more perfect than such claim. Nay, to Him belongs all that is in the heavens and on earth.

Allah is the CreatorThe truth is not as the disbelievers claimed, rather, Allah's is the kingdom of the heavens and earth and whatever and whoever is in, on and between them. Allah is the Supreme Authority in the heavens and earth, and He is the Creator, Provider and Sustainer Who decides all the affairs of the creation as He wills. All creatures are Allah's servants and are owned by Him. Therefore, how could one of them be His son The son of any being is born out of two comparable beings. Allah has no equal or rival sharing His grace and greatness, so how can He have a son when He has no wife. Allah said:

ا �ن#م� إ ا ف� ر< م��ذ�ا ق�ض�ى أ� إ ض� و� ـو�ت� و�االoر� م� ب�د�يع الس#

ي�كون ول ل�ه كن� ف� ي�قThe Originator of the heavens and the earth. When He decrees a matter, He only says to it: "Be! And it is.

Related ayatل�م� ت�كن� ل�د] و� �ن#ى ي�كون ل�ه و� ض� أ ـو�ت� و�االoر� م� ب�د�يع الس#ء> ع�ل�يم] ى� و� ب�كلC ش� ء> وه ى� ل�ق� كل# ش� ب�ة] و�خ� ـح� ل#ه ص�He is the Originator of the heavens and the earth. How can He have children when He has no wife He created all things and He is the Knower of everything. (6:101)

ل�م� يول�د� - د - ل�م� ي�ل�د� و� م� د] - الل#ه الص# و� الل#ه أ�ح� قل� هد] < أ�ح� وا ل�م� ي�كن� ل#ه كف و�

Say: "He is Allah (the) One, Allah the Samad (the Self- Sufficent, upon whom all depend), He begets not, nor was He begotten, and there is none comparable to Him.'' (112:1-4)

Related ayahـو�ت م� < - ت�ك�اد الس# �دcا < إ ي�ئا ئ�تم� ش� د� ج� < - ل�ق� ل�دا ـن و� م� ح� ذ� الر# � ات#خ� الوا و�ق�

< - أ�ن د�ع�و�ا دcا ب�ال ه� ر8 ال�ج� ت�خ� ض و� ق8 االoر� ت�نش� ن�ه و� ن� م� ط#ر� ي�ت�ف�< - إ�ن كل8 ل�دا ذ� و� ـن� أ�ن ي�ت#خ� م� ح� ا ي�نب�غ�ى ل�لر# < - و�م� ل�دا ـن� و� م� ح� ل�لر#

د� < - ل#ق� ـن� ع�ب�دا م� ح� ض� إ�ال# آت�ى الر# ـو�ت� و�االoر� م� م�ن ف�ى الس#دا< ر� ة� ف� م� يـ� م� ء�ات�يه� ي�و�م� ال�ق� < - و�كل8ه م� و�ع�د#هم� ع�دcا ـه ص� أ�ح�

And they say: "The Most Gracious (Allah) has begotten a son (offspring or children).'' Indeed you have brought forth (said) a terrible evil thing. Whereby the heavens are almost torn, and the earth is split asunder, and the mountains fall in ruins. That they ascribe a son (or offspring or children) to the Most Gracious (Allah). But it is not suitable for (the majesty of) the Most Gracious (Allah) that He should beget a son (or offspring or children). There is none in the heavens and the earth but comes unto the Most Gracious (Allah) as a servant. Verily, He knows each one of them, and has counted them a full counting. And everyone of them will come to Him alone on the Day of Resurrection (without any helper, or protector or defender). (19:88-95)

Relevant hadithIbn `Abbas quoted the Prophet as saying:

، ل�م� ي�كن� ل�ه ذل�ك� ال� الله ت�ع�ال�ى: ك�ذcب�ن�ي اب�ن آد�م� و� ق��ي#اي� ا ت�ك�ذ�يبه إ م#

أ� ، ف� ل�م� ي�كن� ل�ه ذل�ك� ن�ي و� ت�م� و�ش�ا م#

أ� ، و� ا ك�ان� يد�ه ك�م� د�ر أ�ن� أع� عم أ�نCي ال� أ�ق� ي�ز� ف�ذ� �ت#خ� ان�ي أ�ن� أ ب�ح� ل�د<ا ف�س له ل�ي و� و� ق� �ي#اي� ف� ه إ ت�م ش�

ل�د<ا و� و�ب�ة< أ� اح� ص�

Allah said, `The son of Adam has denied Me, and that is not his right. He has insulted Me, and that is not his right. As for the denial of Me, he claimed that I am unable to bring him back as he used to be (resurrect him). As for his insulting Me, he claimed that I have a son. All praise is due to Me, it is unbefitting that I should have a wife or a son.'(This Hadith was recorded by Al-Bukhari.)

Relevant hadith

The Messenger of Allah said:

ع�ه م�ن� الله�: م� ب�ر ع�ل�ى أ�ذ<ى س� ص�د� أ� ال� أ�ح�

م� ه ق ز و� ي�ر� ل�د<ا و�ه ع�لون� ل�ه و� م� ي�ج� �ن#ه إم يع�اف�يه� و�

No one is more patient when hearing an insult than Allah. They attribute a son to Him, yet He still gives them sustanence and health.

(This Hadith was recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim.)

Ayah 118

�ت�ين�آ و� ت�أن�ا الل#ه أ� ال� ال#ذ�ين� ال� ي�ع�ل�مون� ل�و�ال� يك�لCم و�ق�

م� ل�ه� و� ث�ل� ق� Cم م ب�ل�ه� ال� ال#ذ�ين� م�ن ق� ء�اي�ة] ك�ذ�ل�ك� ق�نون� و�م> يوق� ت� ل�ق� د� ب�ي#ن#ا اآليـ� م� ق� لوبه ـب�ه�ت� ق ت�ش�

And those who have no knowledge say: "Why does not Allah speak to us (face to face) or why does not a sign come to us'' So said the people before them words of similar import. Their hearts are alike, We have indeed made plain the signs for people who believe with certainty.

Dan orang-orang yang tidak mengetahui berkata: "Mengapa Allah tidak (langsung) berbicara dengan kami atau datang tanda-tanda kekuasaan-Nya kepada kami?" Demikian pula orang-orang yang sebelum mereka telah mengatakan seperti ucapan mereka itu; hati mereka serupa. Sesungguhnya Kami telah menjelaskan tanda-tanda kekuasaan Kami kepada kaum yang yakin.

Background of revelation

Muhammad bin Ishaq reported that Ibn `Abbas said that Rafi` bin Huraymilah said to the Messenger of Allah: "O Muhammad! If you were truly a Messenger from Allah, as you claim, then ask Allah to speak to us directly, so that we hear His speech.'' So Allah revealed:

�ة@ �آ ء�اي !ين ت� �أ و� ت

� #ه� أ �ا الل 3م�ن �ل �ك � ي �و�ال �م�ون� ل �ع�ل � ي #ذ!ين� ال و�ق�ال� الAnd those who have no knowledge say: "Why does not Allah speak to us (face to face) or why does not a sign come to us?''

Similar demands by People of Scriptures

Such a demand by idolators is similar demands by People of Scriptures.

آء� م� با< مCن� الس# م� ك�تـ� ل� ع�ل�ي�ه� Cن�زب� أ�ن ت أ�لك� أ�ه�ل ال�ك�تـ� ي�س�ن�ا الل#ه� ر�

� أ� الوا ق� ى أ�ك�ب�ر� م�ن ذل�ك� ف� �لوا� موس� أ د� س� ق� ف�ة< ر� ه� ج�

The People of the Scripture (Jews) ask you to cause a book to descend upon them from heaven. Indeed, they asked Musa (Moses) for even greater than that, when they said: "Show us Allah in public.'' (Al Nisaa 4:153)

ة< ر� ه� ى الل#ه� ج� ت#ى ن�ر� ى ل�ن ن8ؤ�م�ن� ل�ك� ح� موس� ل�تم� يـ� �ذ� ق إ و�And (remember) when you said: "O Musa! We shall never believe in you until we see Allah plainly.'' (Al Baqarah 2:55)

Ayah 119ـل ا و�ال� تس� ن�ذ�ير< ا و� ير< قC ب�ش� ك� ب�ال�ح� ل�نـ� س� ر�

�ن#ا أ� إ

يم� ح� ـب� ال�ج� ح� ص� ع�ن� أ�

Verily, We have sent you (O Muhammad ) with the truth (Islam), a bringer of glad tidings (for those who believe in what you brought, that they will enter Paradise) and a warner (for those who disbelieve in what you brought, that they will enter the Hellfire). And you will not be asked about the dwellers of the blazing Fire.

Sesungguhnya Kami telah mengutusmu (Muhammad) dengan kebenaran; sebagai pembawa berita gembira dan pemberi peringatan, dan kamu tidak akan diminta (pertanggungan jawab) tentang penghuni-penghuni neraka.

Rasulullah’s missionThis ayah clarifies that the only mission of Messenger Muhammad is delivering messages from Allah – not more than that.

ذ�كCر� ب#ار> ف� م� ب�ج� آ أ�نت� ع�ل�ي�ه� ولون� و�م� ا ي�ق ن أ�ع�ل�م ب�م� ن#ح�يد� اف و�ع� ء�ان� م�ن ي�خ� ر� ب�ال�ق

We know best what they say. And you (O Muhammad ) are not the one to force them (to belief). But warn by the Qur'an him who fears My threat. (Qaf 50:45).

اب غ و�ع�ل�ي�ن�ا ال�ح�س� ا ع�ل�ي�ك� ال�ب�لـ� �ن#م� إ ف�Your duty is only to convey (the Message) and on Us is the reckoning. (Al Ra’d 13:40)

ي�ط�ر> م ب�مس� ت� ع�ل�ي�ه� ذ�كCر] - ل#س� آ أ�نت� م �ن#م� ذ�كCر� إ ف�So remind them (O Muhammad) you are only one who reminds. You are not a dictator over them. (Al Ghashiyah 88:21-22)

Ayah 120ت#ى ى ح� ـر� ود و�ال� الن#ص� ض�ى ع�نك� ال�ي�ه ل�ن ت�ر� و�د�ى و� ال�ه د�ى الل#ه� ه ل� إ�ن# ه م� ق ل#ت�ه ت�ت#ب�ع� م�

آء�ك� م�ن� آء�هم ب�ع�د� ال#ذ�ي ج� و� ل�ئ�ن� ات#ب�ع�ت� أ�ه� و�ير> ل�ي| و�ال� ن�ص� ا ل�ك� م�ن� الل#ه� م�ن و� ال�ع�ل�م� م�

Never will the Jews nor the Christians be pleased with you (O Muhammad ) till you follow their religion. Say: "Verily, the guidance of Allah (i.e. Islamic Monotheism) that is the (only) guidance. And if you (O Muhammad ) were to follow their (Jews and Christians) desires after what you have received of Knowledge (i.e. the Qur'an), then you would have against Allah neither any Wali (protector or guardian) nor any helper.)

Orang-orang Yahudi dan Nasrani tidak akan senang kepada kamu hingga kamu mengikuti agama mereka. Katakanlah: "Sesungguhnya petunjuk Allah itulah petunjuk (yang benar)". Dan sesungguhnya jika kamu mengikuti kemauan mereka setelah pengetahuan datang kepadamu, maka Allah tidak lagi menjadi pelindung dan penolong bagimu.

No imitation to Jews and Christians

This Ayah carries a stern warning for the Muslim Ummah against imitating the ways and methods of the Jews and Christians, after they have acquired knowledge of the Qur'an and Sunnah. (May Allah grant us refuge from this behavior.) Although the speech in this Ayah was directed at the Messenger, the ruling of which applies to his entire Ummah.

Ayah 121

ئ�ك� لـ� و�ت�ه� أ ق# ت�ال�و� ب� ي�ت�لون�ه ح� م ال�ك�تـ� ه ال#ذ�ين� آت�ي�نـ�

ئ�ك� هم لـ� و�أ ر� ب�ه� ف� نون� ب�ه� و�من ي�ك�ف يؤ�م�

ون� ر ـس� ال�خ�Those to whom we gave the Book recite it as it should be recited. They are the ones who believe therein. And whoso disbelieve in it, those are they who are the losers.)

Orang-orang yang telah Kami berikan Al Kitab kepadanya, mereka membacanya dengan bacaan yang sebenarnya , mereka itu beriman kepadanya. Dan barangsiapa yang ingkar kepadanya, maka mereka itulah orang-orang yang rugi.

Some of them believe in Al QuranSome of the People of Scriptures, particularly those who really followed their books, believed in Al Quran.

نون� - ب�ل�ه� هم ب�ه� يؤ�م� ب� م�ن ق� م ال�ك�تـ� ه ال#ذ�ين� ء�ات�ي�نـ�ق8 م�ن �ن#ه ال�ح� ن#ا ب�ه� إ � ء�ام� الوا م� ق� �ذ�ا يت�ل�ى ع�ل�ي�ه� إ و�تون� ئ�ك� يؤ� لـ� و�

ل�م�ين� - أ ب�ل�ه� مس� بCن�آ إن#ا كن#ا م�ن ق� ر#ن�ة� س� ؤن� ب�ال�ح� ي�د�ر� � و� وا ب�ر ا ص� ت�ي�ن� ب�م� ر# هم م# ر� أ�ج�

ون� ق م� ينف� ه نـ� ق� ز� ا ر� م# يCئ�ة� و�م� الس#Those to whom We gave the Scripture (i. e. the Tawrah and the Injil) before it, they believe in it (the Qur'an). And when it is recited to them, they say: "We believe in it. Verily, it is the truth from our Lord. Indeed even before it we have been from those who submit themselves to Allah in Islam as Muslims. These will be given their reward twice over, because they are patient, and repel evil with good, and spend (in charity) out of what We have provided them. (Al Qashash 28:52-54)

� � إ�ن# ال#ذ�ين� أوتوا نوا و� ال� تؤ�م�� ب�ه� أ� نوا قل� ء�ام�

ون� ر8 م� ي�خ� �ذ�ا يت�ل�ى ع�ل�ي�ه� ب�ل�ه� إ ال�ع�ل�م� م�ن ق�بCن�آ ان� ر� ب�ح� ولون� س ي�ق د<ا - و� ج# ان� س ل�الoذ�ق�

عوال< بCن�ا ل�م�ف� إ�ن ك�ان� و�ع�د ر�Say (O Muhammad to them): "Believe in it (the Qur'an) or do not believe (in it). Verily, those who were given knowledge before it, when it is recited to them, fall down on their faces in humble prostration. And they say: "Glory be to our Lord! Truly, the promise of our Lord must be fulfilled.'' (Al Israa 17:107-108).

Anyone should believe in Al Quran

The Prophet said:

د] ع ب�ي أ�ح� م� ي ب�ي�د�ه� ال� ي�س� س� ال#ذ�ي ن�ف� و�ان�يo ثم# ر� ود�يo و�ال� ن�ص� ة� ي�ه م# م�ن� هذ�ه� األ�

ل� الن#ار ال� يؤ�م�ن ب�ي إ�ال# د�خ�By He in Whose Hand is my soul! There is no member of this Ummah (mankind and Jinns), Jew or a Christian, who hears of me, yet does not believe in me, but will enter the Fire. (Bukhari)

Ayat 122 & 123

�ع�م�ت� �ن !ى أ #ت !ى ال !ع�م�ت � ن وا �ر� ء!يل� اذ�ك �ر !س� !ى إ �ن ب �ـ ي � #ق�وا �م!ين� و�ات ل ��عـ �م� ع�ل�ى ال �ك �ت 3ى ف�ض#ل �ن �م� و�أ �ك �ي ع�ل

�ل� �ق�ب � ي -ا و�ال �ئ ي �#ف�س< ش �ف�س@ ع�ن ن �ج�ز!ى ن # ت �و�م-ا ال ي�ون �نص�ر� � ه�م� ي ف�ـع�ة@ و�ال ��نف�ع�ه�ا ش � ت �ه�ا ع�د�ل@ و�ال م!ن

O Children of Israel! Remember My favor which I bestowed upon you and that I preferred you over the nations. And fear the Day (of Judgement) when no person shall avail another, nor shall compensation be accepted from him, nor shall intercession be of use to him, nor shall they be helped.

Similar ayatSimilar Ayat (47 & 48) are mentioned earlier of this Surah, and they are mentioned here to emphasize the importance of following the Ummi Prophet and Messenger, who is described for the People of the Scriptures in their Books by his characteristics, name, the good news about him and the description of his Ummah. Allah warned them against concealing this information, which is among the favors that Allah granted them. Allah also commanded them to remember their daily life and their religious affairs and how He blessed them. They should not envy their cousins, the Arabs, for what Allah has given them, the Final Messenger of Allah being an Arab. Envy should not incite them to oppose or deny the Prophet or refrain from following him, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him until the Day of Judgment.

Ayah 124

ـع�لك� ال� إ�نCى ج� ن# ق� أ�ت�م#ه ب8ه ب�ك�ل�م�ـت> ف� ه�يم� ر� �ب�ر� �ذ� اب�ت�ل�ى إ إ و�د�ي ال� ال� ي�ن�ال ع�ه� ي#ت�ى ق� Cرال� و�م�ن ذ ا ق� ام< ل�لن#اس� إ�م�

ل�م�ين� الظـ#And (remember) when the Lord of Ibrahim (Abraham) tried him with (certain) commands, which he fulfilled. He (Allah) said (to him), "Verily, I am going to make you an Imam (a leader) for mankind (to follow you).'' (Ibrahim) said, "And of my offspring (to make leaders).'' (Allah) said, "My covenant (prophethood) includes not Zalimin (polytheists and wrongdoers).'‘

Dan (ingatlah), ketika Ibrahim diuji Tuhannya dengan beberapa kalimat (perintah dan larangan), lalu Ibrahim menunaikannya. Allah berfirman: "Sesungguhnya Aku akan menjadikanmu imam bagi seluruh manusia". Ibrahim berkata: "(Dan saya mohon juga) dari keturunanku" . Allah berfirman:

"Janji-Ku (ini) tidak mengenai orang yang zalim."

Meaning of ayah

This Ayah (124) means something like the following: “O Muhammad! Remind the idolators and the People of the Scriptures, who pretend to be followers of the religion of Ibrahim, while in reality they do not follow it, while you, O Muhammad, and your followers are the true followers of his religion. Remind them of the commands and prohibitions that Allah tested Ibrahim with: #ن �ت�م#ه أ indicating that ,(which he fulfilled) ف�Ibrahim implemented all of Allah's orders. Allah said in another Ayah: يم� ال#ذ�ى و�ف#ى ه� �ب�ر� إ And of Ibrahim) و�(Abraham) who fulfilled (or conveyed) all that (Allah ordered him to do or convey). (Al Najm 53:37)

Characteristics of IbrahimAllah describes Ibrahim as truthful and he was obedient to His legislation. Allah says:

ل�م� ي�ك م�ن� ا و� ن�يف< ـن�ت<ا ل�ل#ه� ح� ة< ق� م#يم� ك�ان� أ ه� �ب�ر� إ�ن# إ

ط> ر� د�اه إ�ل�ى ص� ه و�ه� ت�بـ� ه� اج� اك�را< الن�عم� ر�ك�ين� - ش� ال�مش�ة� ر� �ن#ه ف�ى االoخ� إ ن�ة< و� س� ه ف�ى ال�د8ن�ي�ا ح� يم> - و�ءات�ي�نـ� ت�ق� م8س�يم� ه� �ب�ر� ل#ة� إ ن� ات#ب�ع� م�

�ل�ي�ك� أ� ي�ن�آ إ و�ح�ين� - ثم# أ� ـل�ح� ل�م�ن� الص#

ر�ك�ين� ا ك�ان� م�ن� ال�مش� ا و�م� ن�يف< ح�Verily, Ibrahim was an Ummah (or a nation), obedient to Allah, Hanif (i.e. to worship none but Allah), and he was not one of those who were Al-Mushrikin (polytheists), (He was) thankful for His (Allah's) favors. He (Allah) chose him and guided him to a straight path. And We gave him good in this world, and in the Hereafter he shall be of the righteous. Then, We have sent the revelation to you (O Muhammad saying): "Follow the religion of Ibrahim Hanif (Islamic Monotheism ـ to worship none but Allah) and he was not of the Mushrikin. (16:120-123)

Characteristics of Ibrahim

ل�ك�ن ك�ان� ان�ي~ا و� ر� ود�ي~ا و�ال� ن�ص� يم ي�ه ه� �ب�ر� ا ك�ان� إ م�ر�ك�ين� - إ�ن# ا ك�ان� م�ن� ال�مش� ا و�م� ل�م< ا م8س� ن�يف< ح�

ـذ�ا يم� ل�ل#ذ�ين� ات#ب�عوه و�ه� ه� �ب�ر� ل�ى الن#اس� ب�إ و�أ�

ن�ين� ؤ�م� ل�ى8 ال�م الل#ه و� � و� نوا ال#ذ�ين� ء�ام� الن#ب�ى8 و�Ibrahim was neither a Jew nor a Christian, but he was a true Muslim Hanifan (Islamic Monotheism ـ to worship none but Allah alone) and he was not of Al-Mushrikin. Verily, among mankind who have the best claim to Ibrahim are those who followed him, and this Prophet (Muhammad ) and those who have believed (Muslims). And Allah is the Wali (Protector and Helper) of the believers. (Ali Imran 3:67-68).

Command to follow Ibrahim

Therefore, Allah told Prophet Muhammad (and also his Ummah) to follow the religion of Prophet Ibrahim.

يم> د�ين<ا ت�ق� ط> م8س� ر� بCى إ�ل�ى ص� د�ان�ى ر� �ن#ن�ى ه� ل� إ قا ك�ان� م�ن� ا و�م� ن�يف< يم� ح� اه� �ب�ر� ل#ة� إ Cا م ي�م< ق�

ر�ك�ين� ال�مش�Say (O Muhammad ): "Truly, my Lord has guided me to a straight path, a right religion, the religion of Ibrahim, Hanifan, and Ibrahim (to worship none but Allah, alone) and he was not of Al-Mushrikin.'' (Al An’am 6:161)

Leadership for offspringWhen Allah made Ibrahim an Imam (Leader for the faithful), he asked Allah that Imams thereafter be chosen from his offspring. Ibrahim said: ي�ت�ى Cرو�م�ن ذ [And of my offspring (to make leaders)].

But Allah told him that there would be unjust people among his offspring and they would not benefit from Allah's promise. Allah replied: ين� ل�م� د�ي الظـ# My) ال� ي�ن�ال ع�ه�covenant (prophethood) includes not Zalimin (polytheists and wrongdoers).

Ayah 125 �ه!يم ��ر !ب ! إ � م!ن م#ق�ام #خ!ذ�وا - و�ات م�نا

� #اس! و�أ 3لن �ة- ل �اب �ت� م�ث �ي �ب �ا ال �ن !ذ� ج�ع�ل و�إ �!ف!ين !لط#آئ !ى� ل �ت �ي ا ب ��ن ط�ه3ر م�ـع!يل� أ !س� ه!يم� و�إ ��ر !ب !ل�ى إ �آ إ م�ص�ل\ى و�ع�ه!د�ن

ج�ود! Eع! الس# ك Eالر�ك!ف!ين� و ��عـ و�الAnd (remember) when We made the House (the Ka`bah at Makkah) a place of resort for mankind and a place of safety. And We commanded Ibrahim (Abraham) and Isma`il (Ishmael) that they should purify My House (the Ka`bah at Makkah) for those who are circumambulating it, or staying (I`tikaf), or bowing or prostrating themselves (there, in prayer).Dan (ingatlah), ketika Kami menjadikan rumah itu (Baitullah) tempat berkumpul bagi manusia dan tempat yang aman. Dan jadikanlah sebahagian maqam Ibrahim tempat shalat. Dan telah Kami perintahkan kepada Ibrahim dan Ismail: "Bersihkanlah rumah-Ku untuk orang-orang yang thawaf, yang i'tikaf, yang ruku' dan yang sujud".

This Ayah indicates that Allah honored the Sacred House, which Allah made as a safe refuge and safe haven. Therefore, the souls are eager, but never bored, to conduct short visits to the House, even every year. This is because Allah accepted the supplication of His Khalil, Ibrahim, when he asked Allah to make the hearts of people eager to visit the House. Ibrahim said:

ب#ل� دع�آء� ت�ق� ب#ن�ا و� ر�Our Lord! And accept my invocation. (Ibrahim 14:40)

Allah described the House as a safe resort and refuge, for those who visit it are safe, even if they had committed acts of evil. This honor comes from the honor of the person who built it first, Khalil Ar-Rahman, just as Allah said:

- �ئا ي �!ى ش ر!ك� ب �ش� # ت �ن ال �ت! أ �ي �ب �ان� ال ه!يم� م�ك ��ر !ب �ا إل �ن �و#أ !ذ� ب و�إAnd (remember) when We showed Ibrahim the site of the (Sacred) House (the Ka`bah at Makkah) (saying): "Associate not anything (in worship) with Me...'' (Al Hajj 22:26)

�م!ين� ف!يه! ل ��عـ 3ل - و�ه�د-ى ل كا ��ار #ة� م�ب �ك !ب #ذ!ى ب �ل #اس! ل !لن �ت< و�ض!ع� ل �ي و#ل� ب� !ن# أ إ

- �ان� ء�ام!نا �ه� ك ل �ه!يم� و�م�ن د�خ ��ر !ب ت@ م#ق�ام� إ �ـ ن ـ3 �ي ت@ ب �ـ ء�ايVerily, the first House (of worship) appointed for mankind was that at Bakkah (Makkah), full of blessing, and a guidance for Al-`Alamin (mankind and Jinn). In it are manifest signs (for example), the Maqam (place) of Ibrahim; whosoever enters it, he attains security. (Ali Imran 3:96-97).

Ayah 125 emphasizes the honor of Ibrahim's Maqam, and the instruction to pray next to it:

م�ص�ل\ى �ه!يم ��ر !ب إ ! م#ق�ام م!ن � #خ!ذ�وا و�اتAnd take you (people) the Maqam (place) of Ibrahim as a

place of prayer.The Maqam is the stone that Ibrahim was standing on while building the House. As the House's walls became higher, Isma`il brought his father a stone, so that he could stand on it, while Isma`il handed him the stones. Ibrahim would place the stones on the wall, and whenever he finished one side, he would move to the next side, to complete the building all around. Ibrahim kept repeating this until he finished building the House, as we will describe when we explain the story of Ibrahim and Isma`il and how they built the House, as narrated from Ibn `Abbas and collected by Al-Bukhari. Ibrahim's footprints were still visible in the stone, and the Arabs knew this fact during the time of Jahiliyyah. This is why Abu Talib said in his poem known as `Al-Lamiyyah', "And Ibrahim's footprint with his bare feet on the stone is still visible.''

Prayer by the Maqam

Ibn Jarir narrated that Jabir said, "After the Messenger of Allah kissed the Black Stone, he went around the house three times in a fast pace and four times in a slow pace. He then went to Maqam of Ibrahim, with it between him and the House, and prayed two Rak`ahs.'' This is part of the long Hadith that Muslim recorded in Sahih. Al-Bukhari recorded that `Amr bin Dinar said that he heard Ibn `Umar say, "The Messenger of Allah performed Tawaf around the House seven times and then prayed two Rak`ahs behind the Maqam.''

Anas bin Malik said, "I saw the Maqam with the print of Ibrahim's toes and feet still visible in it, but the footprints dissipated because of the people rubbing the stone with their hands.''

Earlier, the Maqam was placed close to the Ka`bah's wall. In the present time, the Maqam is placed next to Al-Hijr on the right side of those entering through the door.

When Ibrahim finished building the House, he placed the stone next to the wall of Al-Ka`bah. Or, when the House was finished being built, Ibrahim just left the stone where it was last standing, and he was commanded to pray next to the stone when he finished the Tawaf (circumambulating). It is understandable that the Maqam of Ibrahim would stand where the building of the House ended. The Leader of the faithful `Umar bin Al-Khattab, one of the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs whom we were commanded to emulate, moved the stone away from the Ka`bah's wall during his reign. `Umar is one of the two men, whom the Messenger of Allah described when he said:

�ر< و�ع�م�ر �ك !ي ب ب� �ع�د!ي أ �ن! م!ن� ب #ذ�ي !الل �د�وا ب اق�ت

Imitate the two men who will come after me: Abu Bakr and `Umar.Umar was also the person whom the Qur'an agreed with

regarding praying next to Maqam of Ibrahim. This is why none among the Companions rejected it when he moved it.

Some specialties of UmarAccoding to Al-Bukhari, Anas bin Malik said that `Umar bin Al-Khattab said, "I agreed with my Lord, or my Lord agreed with me, regarding three matters. I said, `O Messenger of Allah! I wish you take the Maqam of Ibrahim a place for prayer.' The Ayah ل\ى�ه!يم� م�ص ��ر !ب ! إ � م!ن م#ق�ام #خ!ذ�وا was revealed. I also said, `O و�اتMessenger of Allah! The righteous and the wicked enter your house. I wish you would command the Mothers of the believers (the Prophet's wives) to wear Hijab. Allah sent down the Ayah that required the Hijab. And when I knew that the Prophet was angry with some of his wives, I came to them and said, `Either you stop what you are doing, or Allah will endow His Messeng-er with better women than you are.' I advised one of his wives and she said to me, `O `Umar! Does the Messenger of Allah not know how to advise his wives, so that you have to do the job instead of him' Allah then revealed

!م�ـت< ل �ن# م�س� - م3نك �را ي �- خ و�جا �ز� �ه� أ �د!ل �ب ن ي� �ن# أ #ق�ك !ن ط�ل Eه� إ ب �ع�س�ى ر

It may be if he divorced you (all) that his Lord will give him instead of you, wives better than you, ـ Muslims (who submit to Allah).'' (Al Tahrim 66:5)

Purifying MasjidsPurifying all Masjids is required according to this Ayah and according to Allah's statement:�ه� ف!يه�ا 3ح� ل ب ��س م�ه� ي �ر� ف!يه�ا اس� �ذ�ك ف�ع� و�ي �ر� ن ت

� #ه� أ �ذ!ن� الل �وت< أ �ي ف!ى بfص�ال! �غ�د�و3 و�اال !ال ب

In houses (mosques) which Allah has ordered to be raised (to be cleaned, and to be honored), in them His Name is remembered (i.e. Adhan, Iqamah, Salah, invocations, recitation of the Qur'an). Therein glorify Him (Allah) in the mornings and in the (late) afternoons. (Al Nur 24:36).There are many Hadiths that give a general order for purifying the Masjids and keeping filth and impurities away from them. This is why the Prophet said:

�ه �ت� ل !ي �ن !م�ا ب اج!د� ل ��م�س �ت! ال !ي �ن #م�ا ب !ن إThe Masjids are established for the purpose that they were built for (i. e. worshipping Allah alone).

Ayah 126ق� ز ار� ن<ا و� ـذ�ا ب�ل�د<ا آم� ع�ل� ه� بC اج� يم ر� ه� �ب�ر� ال� إ إ�ذ� ق� و�ال�ي�و�م� م ب�الل#ه� و� ن�ه ت� م�ن� ء�ام�ن� م� ل�ه م�ن� الث#م�ر� أ�ه�ه ط�ر8 ل�يال< ثم# أ�ض� تCعه ق� م�

أ ر� ف� ال� و�م�ن ك�ف� ر� ق� االoخ�ير ب�ئ�س� ال�م�ص� إ�ل�ى ع�ذ�اب� الن#ار� و�

And (remember) when Ibrahim said, "My Lord, make this city (Makkah) a place of security and provide its people with fruits, such of them as believe in Allah and the Last Day.'' He (Allah) answered: "As for him who disbelieves, I shall leave him in contentment for a while, then I shall compel him to the torment of the Fire, and worst indeed is that destination!''

Dan (ingatlah), ketika Ibrahim berdoa: "Ya Tuhanku, jadikanlah negeri ini, negeri yang aman sentosa, dan berikanlah rezki dari buah-buahan kepada penduduknya yang beriman diantara mereka kepada Allah dan hari kemudian. Allah berfirman: "Dan kepada orang yang kafirpun Aku beri kesenangan sementara, kemudian Aku paksa ia menjalani siksa neraka dan itulah seburuk-buruk tempat kembali".

Makkah is an Area of Safety Allah accepted Ibrahim's supplication to make Mekkah as an area of safety. Allah said:

�م!ين� ف!يه! ل ��عـ 3ل - و�ه�د-ى ل كا ��ار #ة� م�ب �ك !ب #ذ!ى ب �ل #اس! ل !لن �ت< و�ض!ع� ل �ي و#ل� ب� !ن# أ -إ �ان� ء�ام!نا �ه� ك ل �ه!يم� و�م�ن د�خ ��ر !ب ت@ م#ق�ام� إ �ـ ن ـ3 �ي ت@ ب �ـ ء�اي

Verily, the first House (of worship) appointed for mankind was that at Bakkah (Makkah), full of blessing, and a guidance for Al-`Alamin (mankind and Jinn). In it are manifest signs (for example), the Maqam (place) of Ibrahim; whosoever enters it, he attains security. (Ali Imran 3:96-97).Allah also says:

!ه!م� #اس� م!ن� ح�و�ل �خ�ط#ف� الن �ت - و�ي - ءام!نا ما ��ا ح�ر �ن #ا ج�ع�ل �ن � أ و�ا ��ر �م� ي و�ل� أ

“Have they not seen that We have made (Makkah) a secure sanctuary, while men are being snatched away from all around them.” (Al Ankabut 29:67).

Sanctity of Makkah

Allah has made Makkah as a sacred place from the very beginning of creation.

The Messenger of Allah said:

” ،�ر�ض� م�و�ات! و�األ� �و�م� خ�ل�ق� الس# م�ه� الله� ي �د� ح�ر# �ل �ب !ن# ه�ذ�ا ال إ

�ح!ل# �م� ي #ه� ل !ن �ام�ة! و�إ �ق!ي ! ال �وم !لى ي م�ة! الله! إ !ح�ر� ام@ ب �ف�ه�و� ح�راع�ة- م!ن� �!ال# س �ح!ل# ل!ي إ �م� ي �ل!ي و�ل �ح�د< ق�ب �ال� ف!يه! أل! �ق!ت ال

��ام�ة! ال �ق!ي ! ال �و�م !لى ي م�ة! الله! إ !ح�ر� ام@ ب ��ه�ار<، ف�ه�و� ح�ر ن!ال# م�ن� �ه� إ �ق�ط�ت �ق!ط� ل �ت �ل �د�ه�،و�ال� ي �ف#ر� ص�ي �ن �ه� و�ال� ي و�ك ��ع�ض�د� ش ي

#اس� �ع�ب ه�ا“ ف�ق�ال� ال ��لى خ�ال ت �خ� ف�ه�ا و�ال� ي س�ول� :ع�ر# ��ا ر ”ي�!ه!م� ” ف�ق�ال �وت �ي !ب !ه!م� و�ل �ن !ق�ي #ه� ل !ن ذ�خ!ر� ف�إ !الq اإل� !ال# :الله!: إ ”إ

!ذ�خ!ر“ )رواه البخاري و مسلم عن ابن عباس( اإل�

“Allah has made this city (Makkah) a sanctuary (sacred place) the Day He created the heavens and earth. Therefore, it is a sanctuary until the Day of Resurrection because Allah made it a sanctuary. It was not legal for anyone to fight in it before me, and it was legal for me for a few hours of one day. Therefore, it is a sanctuary until the Day of Resurrection, because Allah made it a sanctuary. None is allowed to uproot its thorny shrubs, or to chase its game, or to pick up something that has fallen, except by a person who announces it publicly, nor should any of its trees be cut.” Al-`Abbas said: “O Messenger of Allah! Except the lemon-grass, for our goldsmiths and for our graves.” The Prophet added: “Except lemon-grass.” (Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim from Abdullah bin Abbas)

Sustenance for those in Makkah

Allah also accepted Ibrahim's supplication for the sustenance of those living in Makkah but refused his demand for the limitation to the believers only.

Ibrahim asked Allah to grant sustenance for the believers only. However, Allah revealed:

!ل�ى ع�ذ�اب! ه� إ Eر��ض�ط �م# أ - ث !يال 3ع�ه� ق�ل م�ت� �ف�ر� ف�أ ق�ال� و�م�ن ك

�م�ص!ير� �س� ال !ئ #ار! و�ب الن"As for him who disbelieves, I shall leave him in contentment for a while, then I shall compel him to the torment of the Fire, and worst indeed is that destination!'‘

Allah is Most GraciousThe fact that Allah gives sustenance not only for believers but also for disbelievers indicates that Allah is truly Most Gracious.

Messenger of Allah Muhammad said:

#ه�م� !ن م!ع�ه� م!ن� الله! إ ��ذ-ى س �ر� ع�لى أ ص�ب� �ح�د� أ ال� أ

�ع�اف!يه!م ق�ه�م� و�ي ز� �ر� �د-ا و�ه�و� ي �ه� و�ل �ج�ع�ل�ون� ل ي”No one is more patient than Allah when hearing abuse. They attribute a son to Him, while He grants them sustenance and health. (Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim)

Ayah 127

م�ـع!يل� !س� �ت! و�إ �ي �ب �ق�و�اع!د� م!ن� ال ه!يم� ال ��ر !ب ف�ع� إ �ر� !ذ� ي و�إ!يم� �ع�ل م!يع� ال �نت� الس# #ك� أ !ن #آ إ #ل� م!ن �ق�ب �ا ت #ن ب �ر

And (remember) when Ibrahim and (his son) Isma`il were raising the foundations of the House (the Ka`bah at Makkah), (saying), "Our Lord! Accept (this service) from us. Verily, You are the Hearer, the Knower.''

Dan (ingatlah), ketika Ibrahim meninggikan (membina) dasar-dasar Baitullah bersama Ismail (seraya berdoa): "Ya Tuhan kami terimalah daripada kami (amalan kami), sesungguhnya Engkaulah Yang Maha Mendengar lagi Maha Mengetahui".

• See: Building the Kabah and asking Allah to accept this deed

Ayah 128

!م�ة- ل م#ة- مEس�� �آ أ !ن #ت ي �ن! ل�ك� و�م!ن ذ�ر3 !م�ي ل �ا م�س� �ن �ا و�اج�ع�ل #ن ب �ر

#و#اب� �نت� الت #ك� أ !ن �آ إ �ن �ي �ب� ع�ل �ا و�ت �ن ك �اس! �ا م�ن ر!ن� ل#ك� و�أ

ح!يم� الر#"Our Lord! And make us submissive unto You and of our offspring a nation submissive unto You, and show us our Manasik, and accept our repentance. Truly, You are the One Who accepts repentance, the Most Merciful. Ya Tuhan kami, jadikanlah kami berdua orang yang tunduk patuh kepada Engkau dan (jadikanlah) diantara anak cucu kami umat yang tunduk patuh kepada Engkau dan tunjukkanlah kepada kami cara-cara dan tempat-tempat ibadat haji kami, dan terimalah taubat kami. Sesungguhnya Engkaulah Yang Maha Penerima taubat lagi Maha Penyayang.