13
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Appendicular Skeleton • Includes: – Limbs (appendages) – Pectoral girdle (Shoulder joint) – Pelvic girdle (hip joint)

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Appendicular Skeleton Includes: – Limbs (appendages) – Pectoral girdle (Shoulder joint) – Pelvic girdle (hip joint)

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Appendicular Skeleton Includes: – Limbs (appendages) – Pectoral girdle (Shoulder joint) – Pelvic girdle (hip joint)

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Appendicular Skeleton

• Includes:– Limbs (appendages)– Pectoral girdle (Shoulder joint)– Pelvic girdle (hip joint)

Page 2: © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Appendicular Skeleton Includes: – Limbs (appendages) – Pectoral girdle (Shoulder joint) – Pelvic girdle (hip joint)

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle

• Composed of two bones that attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton1. Scapula 2. Clavicle

• Allows the upper limb a great deal of freedom

Page 3: © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Appendicular Skeleton Includes: – Limbs (appendages) – Pectoral girdle (Shoulder joint) – Pelvic girdle (hip joint)

Figure 5.23a Bones of the shoulder girdle.

Scapula

ClavicleAcromio-clavicular joint

(a) Articulated right shoulder (pectoral)girdle showing the relationship tobones of the thorax and sternum

Page 4: © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Appendicular Skeleton Includes: – Limbs (appendages) – Pectoral girdle (Shoulder joint) – Pelvic girdle (hip joint)

Figure 5.23b Bones of the shoulder girdle.

Inferior view

(b) Right clavicle, superior andinferior views

Posterior

Acromial end

Anterior

Sternal(medial)end

Acromial(lateral) end

Superior view

Anterior

Posterior

Sternal end

Page 5: © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Appendicular Skeleton Includes: – Limbs (appendages) – Pectoral girdle (Shoulder joint) – Pelvic girdle (hip joint)

Figure 5.23c Bones of the shoulder girdle.

Suprascapular notch

Superiorangle

Spine

Medialborder

Lateral border

Coracoid process

Acromion

Glenoid cavityat lateral angle

(c) Right scapula, posterior aspect

Page 6: © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Appendicular Skeleton Includes: – Limbs (appendages) – Pectoral girdle (Shoulder joint) – Pelvic girdle (hip joint)

Figure 5.23d Bones of the shoulder girdle.

Suprascapular notchAcromion

Coracoidprocess

Glenoidcavity

Superior borderSuperiorangle

Lateral(axillary)border

Medial(vertebral)border

Inferior angle(d) Right scapula, anterior aspect

Page 7: © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Appendicular Skeleton Includes: – Limbs (appendages) – Pectoral girdle (Shoulder joint) – Pelvic girdle (hip joint)

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Arm

• One bone: The Humerus

– At the proximal end, the head articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula• This is a ball and socket joint

– At the distal end, the trochlea and capitulum articulate with the bones of the forearm

Page 8: © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Appendicular Skeleton Includes: – Limbs (appendages) – Pectoral girdle (Shoulder joint) – Pelvic girdle (hip joint)

Figure 5.24a Bones of the right arm and forearm.

Greatertubercle

(a)

Lessertubercle

Head ofhumerus

Anatomicalneck

Intertubercularsulcus

Deltoidtuberosity

Medialepicondyle

Trochlea

RadialfossaCoronoidfossa

Capitulum

Page 9: © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Appendicular Skeleton Includes: – Limbs (appendages) – Pectoral girdle (Shoulder joint) – Pelvic girdle (hip joint)

Figure 5.24b Bones of the right arm and forearm.

(b)

Head ofhumerus

Anatomicalneck

Surgicalneck

Radialgroove

Deltoidtuberosity

Olecranonfossa

Lateralepicondyle

Medialepicondyle

Trochlea

Page 10: © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Appendicular Skeleton Includes: – Limbs (appendages) – Pectoral girdle (Shoulder joint) – Pelvic girdle (hip joint)

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Forearm

• Two bones1. Ulna—medial bone in anatomical position• Proximal end articulation

– Coronoid process and olecranon articulate with the humerus

2. Radius—lateral bone in anatomical position• Olecranon gives us the distinct elbow

Page 11: © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Appendicular Skeleton Includes: – Limbs (appendages) – Pectoral girdle (Shoulder joint) – Pelvic girdle (hip joint)

Figure 5.24c Bones of the right arm and forearm.

(c)

Head

NeckRadialtuberosity

Radius

Trochlearnotch

Olecranon

CoronoidprocessProximalradioulnarjoint

Ulna

Inter-osseousmembrane

UlnarstyloidprocessDistal

radioulnar joint

Radialstyloidprocess

Page 12: © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Appendicular Skeleton Includes: – Limbs (appendages) – Pectoral girdle (Shoulder joint) – Pelvic girdle (hip joint)

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Hands• Carpals—wrist – arranged in two rows of 4 bones in each hand– Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform (Row 1)– trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (Row 2)

• “some lovers try positions that they can’t handle”

• Metacarpals—palm (5 per hand)

• Phalanges—fingers and thumb– In each finger, there are 3 bones– In the thumb, there are only 2 bones

• Thumb is called the pollex

Page 13: © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Appendicular Skeleton Includes: – Limbs (appendages) – Pectoral girdle (Shoulder joint) – Pelvic girdle (hip joint)

Figure 5.25 Bones of the right hand, anterior view.

Distal

Middle

Proximal

Phalanges(fingers)

Metacarpals(palm)

Carpals(wrist)

Hamate

Pisiform

Triquetrum

Lunate

Ulna

Trapezium

Trapezoid

Scaphoid

Capitate

Radius

1

2345